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Chechani B, Roat P, Hada S, Yadav DK, Kumari N. Psidium guajava: An Insight into Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:2-39. [PMID: 37170987 DOI: 10.2174/1386207326666230426093315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psidium guajava (guava) is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions and adapted to various environmental conditions. Guava is an important economic fruit widely used as food and folk medicine. It contains flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, triterpenoids, reducing sugars, essential oils, carotenoids, polyphenols, etc. The presence of triterpenoid acids such as guavacoumaric, ursolic, jacoumaric, guajavanoic, guavenoic, and Asiatic acids helps to develop novel drugs against various diseases. It is used traditionally for medicinal purposes, mainly for antioxidant, antimicrobial, antispasmodic, antidiabetic, anticancer, antiallergy, anti-inflammatory, and hepato-protective properties. OBJECTIVE The systematic literature study aims to summarize its botanical description, phytochemicals, pharmacological activities, and clinical trials. This review focuses on the plant's chemical composition and scientific approaches to human welfare. METHODS A systematic literature search was done on Psidium guajava through previous literature and online databases such as Google Scholar, Pubmed, Science Direct, etc., to explain its ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological applications. RESULTS Previous literature studies of Psidium guajava suggest it can serve as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antispasmodic, antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-allergy, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective effects. Successful clinical trials performed on the plant extracts against infantile rotaviral enteritis and infectious gastroenteritis showed future directions to work with the plant for clinical applications. CONCLUSION In this review, an attempt is made to show all literature studied, especially in phytochemistry, pharmacology, clinical trials and uses as traditional folk medicine around the world. The leaves have been used by folklore over the years to treat various ailments such as skin ulcers, diarrhoea, vaginal irritation, cough, conjunctivitis, etc. Further studies are required to explore more therapeutic remedies and to develop new medicines for future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawna Chechani
- Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur-313001, India
| | - Priyanka Roat
- Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur-313001, India
| | - Sonal Hada
- Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur-313001, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur-313001, India
| | - Neetu Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur-313001, India
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Kumadoh D, Archer MA, Yeboah GN, Kyene MO, Boakye-Yiadom M, Adi-Dako O, Osei-Asare C, Adase E, Appiah AA, Mintah SO. A review on anti-peptic ulcer activities of medicinal plants used in the formulation of Enterica, Dyspepsia and NPK 500 capsules. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08465. [PMID: 34917789 PMCID: PMC8645450 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptic ulcer disease affects many people globally. With the increasing resistance to some orthodox antibiotics such as Clarithromycin and Metronidazole, it is important that new acceptable, safer and effective therapies are developed to manage this disease. Various herbal medicines have been used traditionally for the remedy of peptic ulcer disease (PUD), however scientific information with regards to their anti-peptic ulcer both in-vivo and in-vitro as well as clinical studies supporting their use is still inadequate. The Centre for Plant Medicine Research, (CPMR) Mampong-Akuapem, Ghana manufactures three herbal Products namely Enterica, Dyspepsia and NPK 500 capsules which are currently used for the remedy of PUD as a triple therapy at its out-patient clinic with promising effects. The aim of this review is to gather information from literature on the anti-ulcer properties, pharmacological, phytochemical constituents and related activities of herbal plants used at the CPMR for formulation of the triple herbal therapy. This review may, provide some scientific bases for the use of Enterica, Dyspepsia and NPK 500 capsules in the management of Peptic ulcer at the CPMR out-patient clinic. METHODS Organization for the review involved the on and/or offline search for information from available literature using electronic data and scientific research information resources such as PubMed, Science Direct and Google scholar. RESULTS In this review, fifteen ethno-medicinal plants used for the formulation of Enterica, Dyspepsia and NPK capsules have been discussed, presenting the description of the plants, composition and pharmacological activity. INTERPRETATION Tables with the summary of reviewed medicinal plants with their anti-ulcer models and inference on possible mechanisms of action were drawn up. The mechanism(s) of action of individual plants and products (Enterica, Dyspepsia and NPK 500 capsules) must be further investigated and established experimentally in-vitro in addition to in-vivo pharmacological and clinical activity studies to confirm their use in the remedy of PUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Kumadoh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Centre for Plant Medicine Research, Mampong-Akuapem, Ghana
- Department of Production, Centre for Plant Medicine Research, Mampong-Akuapem, Ghana
| | - Mary-Ann Archer
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Centre for Plant Medicine Research, Mampong-Akuapem, Ghana
| | - Genevieve N. Yeboah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Centre for Plant Medicine Research, Mampong-Akuapem, Ghana
| | - Michael O. Kyene
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Centre for Plant Medicine Research, Mampong-Akuapem, Ghana
| | - Mavis Boakye-Yiadom
- Department of Clinical Research, Centre for Plant Medicine Research, Mampong-Akuapem, Ghana
| | - Ofosua Adi-Dako
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Christina Osei-Asare
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Microbiology, Central University College, Accra, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Adase
- Department of Production, Centre for Plant Medicine Research, Mampong-Akuapem, Ghana
| | - Alfred A. Appiah
- Department of Phytochemistry, Centre for Plant Medicine Research, Mampong-Akuapem, Ghana
| | - Susana O. Mintah
- Department of Microbiology, Centre for Plant Medicine Research, Mampong-Akuapem, Ghana
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Psidium guajava leaves assisted green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles: a review. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43088-020-00088-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Several attempts have been made for green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles, revealing the significance of plant extracts in reducing metal source to nanoparticles and applications in various domains of science.
Main body
Psidium guajava (guava) is evergreen, edible fruit-bearing plant, belonging to family Myrtaceae. Its leaves are reported to contain several phytochemicals like tannins, glycosides, terpenes, and triterpenes. This article focus on applications of Psidium guajava leaves extract in fabrication of nanoparticles of various metals like silver, gold, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, and copper oxide. In respective research attempts, these metallic nanoparticles were evaluated for one or more applications like anti-microbial activity and/or photocatalytic activity.
Conclusion
Use of polar extract of guava leaves indicated involvement of its polar phyto-compounds in reducing the metal source and stabilizing the nanoparticles. In conclusion, it could be noted that metal nanoparticles have better anti-microbial activity and photocatalytic potential over aqueous leaves extract.
Graphical abstract
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Izquierdo-Vega JA, Morales-González JA, SánchezGutiérrez M, Betanzos-Cabrera G, Sosa-Delgado SM, Sumaya-Martínez MT, Morales-González Á, Paniagua-Pérez R, Madrigal-Bujaidar E, Madrigal-Santillán E. Evidence of Some Natural Products with Antigenotoxic Effects. Part 1: Fruits and Polysaccharides. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9020102. [PMID: 28157162 PMCID: PMC5331533 DOI: 10.3390/nu9020102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of deaths worldwide. The agents capable of causing damage to genetic material are known as genotoxins and, according to their mode of action, are classified into mutagens, carcinogens or teratogens. Genotoxins are involved in the pathogenesis of several chronic degenerative diseases including hepatic, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, arthritis, cancer, chronic inflammation and ageing. In recent decades, researchers have found novel bioactive phytocompounds able to counteract the effects of physical and chemical mutagens. Several studies have shown potential antigenotoxicity in a variety of fruits. In this review (Part 1), we present an overview of research conducted on some fruits (grapefruit, cranberries, pomegranate, guava, pineapple, and mango) which are frequentl consumed by humans, as well as the analysis of some phytochemicals extracted from fruits and yeasts which have demonstrated antigenotoxic capacity in various tests, including the Ames assay, sister chromatid exchange, chromosomal aberrations, micronucleus and comet assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannett Alejandra Izquierdo-Vega
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, Pachuca de Soto 42080, Hidalgo, México.
| | - José Antonio Morales-González
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Casco de Santo Tomas, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, México D.F. 11340, México.
| | - Manuel SánchezGutiérrez
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, Pachuca de Soto 42080, Hidalgo, México.
| | - Gabriel Betanzos-Cabrera
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, Pachuca de Soto 42080, Hidalgo, México.
| | - Sara M Sosa-Delgado
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Casco de Santo Tomas, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, México D.F. 11340, México.
| | - María Teresa Sumaya-Martínez
- Secretaría de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura Amado Nervo. Boulevard Tepic-Xalisco s/n, Tepic 28000, Nayarit, México.
| | - Ángel Morales-González
- Escuela Superior de Cómputo, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad A. López Mateos, Av. Juan de Dios Bátiz. Col., Lindavista, México D.F. 07738, Mexico.
| | - Rogelio Paniagua-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Muscular, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Av. México-Xochimilco. Col., Arenal de Guadalupe, México D.F. 14389, México.
| | - Eduardo Madrigal-Bujaidar
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Unidad A. López-Mateos, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Lindavista, México D.F. 07738, México.
| | - Eduardo Madrigal-Santillán
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Casco de Santo Tomas, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, México D.F. 11340, México.
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Gobi N, Ramya C, Vaseeharan B, Malaikozhundan B, Vijayakumar S, Murugan K, Benelli G. Oreochromis mossambicus diet supplementation with Psidium guajava leaf extracts enhance growth, immune, antioxidant response and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 58:572-583. [PMID: 27702676 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this research, we focused on the efficacy of aqueous and ethanol leaf extracts of Psidium guajava L. (guava) based experimental diets on the growth, immune, antioxidant and disease resistance of tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus following challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila. The experimental diets were prepared by mixing powdered (1, 5 and 10 mg/g) aqueous and ethanol extract of guava leaf with commercial diet. The growth (FW, FCR and SGR), non-specific cellular immune (myeloperoxidase activity, reactive oxygen activity and reactive nitrogen activity) humoral immune (complement activity, antiprotease, alkaline phosphatase activity and lysozyme activity) and antioxidant enzyme responses (SOD, GPX, and CAT) were examined after 30 days of post-feeding. A significant enhancement in the biochemical and immunological parameters of fish were observed fed with experimental diets compared to control. The dietary supplementation of P. guajava leaf extract powder for 30 days significantly reduced the mortality and increased the disease resistance of O. mossambicus following challenge with A. hydrophila at 50 μl (1 × 107 cells ml-1) compared to control after post-infection. The results suggest that the guava leaf extract could be used as a promising feed additive in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayanan Gobi
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chinnu Ramya
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Baskaralingam Vaseeharan
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630004, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Balasubramanian Malaikozhundan
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sekar Vijayakumar
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kadarkarai Murugan
- Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore 632 115, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Sen SS, Sukumaran V, Giri SS, Park SC. Flavonoid fraction of guava leaf extract attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response via blocking of NF-κB signalling pathway in Labeo rohita macrophages. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 47:85-92. [PMID: 26327113 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Psidium guajava L. is a well-known traditional medicinal plant widely used in folk medicine. To explore the anti-inflammatory activity of the flavonoid fraction of guava leaf extract (FGLE), we investigated its ability to suppress the levels of inflammatory mediators elevated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in Labeo rohita head-kidney (HK) macrophages. HK macrophages of L. rohita were treated with LPS in the presence or absence of the FGLE. We examined the inhibitory effect of FGLE on LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production. The inhibitory effect of FGLE on nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were investigated by RT-PCR and western blot. The effect of FGLE on proinflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) was also investigated by ELISA and RT-PCR. The phosphorylation of three mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) molecules ERK, JNK and p38 was analysed by western blot analysis. FGLE inhibited LPS-induced NO and PGE2 production. It also effectively inhibited TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10, iNOS, and COX-2 production in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, FGLE suppressed the mRNA expression levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in LPS-stimulated HK macrophages. RT-PCR and western blot analysis showed that FGLE decreased both the mRNA and protein expression levels of LPS-induced iNOS and COX-2 in HK macrophages. FGLE suppresses the phosphorylation of MAPK molecules in LPS-stimulated HK macrophages. FGLE also significantly inhibited LPS-induced NF-κB transcriptional activity. The molecular mechanism by which FGLE suppresses the expression of inflammatory mediators appears to involve the inhibition of NF-κB activation, through the suppression of LPS-induced IκB-α degradation. Together these results suggest that FGLE contains potential therapeutic agent(s), which regulate NF-κB activation, for the treatment of inflammatory conditions in L. rohita macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shib Sankar Sen
- School of Life Sciences, Jawharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067 Delhi, India.
| | - V Sukumaran
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Periyar Maniammai University, Thanjavur-613403, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Sib Sankar Giri
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul-151742, South Korea.
| | - Se Chang Park
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul-151742, South Korea.
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Giri SS, Sen SS, Chi C, Kim HJ, Yun S, Park SC, Sukumaran V. Effect of guava leaves on the growth performance and cytokine gene expression of Labeo rohita and its susceptibility to Aeromonas hydrophila infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 46:217-224. [PMID: 26093209 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of Psidium guajava L. (guava) leaves on the growth and immune response of the fish species Labeo rohita and its susceptibility to Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Diets containing five different concentrations of guava leaves (0% [basal diet], 0.1% [G1], 0.5% [G2], 1% [G3], and 1.5% [G4]) were fed to fish (average weight: 11.1 g) for 60 days. Various growth and immune parameters were examined 60 days post-feeding. Fish were challenged with A. hydrophila at the end of the trial, and mortalities were recorded over 15 days post-infection. We found that growth parameters such as percent weight gain (657.61 ± 9.74) and specific growth rate (3.37 ± 0.021) were significantly higher in G2 group than in the control (P < 0.05). Among the immune parameters examined, lysozyme levels (79.5 ± 5.1 U mL(-1)), leukocyte phagocytic activity (52 ± 4.3%), and alternative complement pathway activity (ACP) (186.1 ± 8.3 U mL(-1)) were significantly high (P < 0.05) in G2 fed group; there was, however, no significant effect of guava leaves at any concentration on plasma IgM level. Of the cytokine-related genes examined, interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were up-regulated in the head-kidney, intestine, and hepatopancreas of fish fed experimental diets, and expression was significantly higher in G2 and G3 than in the control group. In contrast, gene expression of IL-10, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) were down-regulated in the treatment groups. Moreover, fish fed the G2 diet exhibited a significantly higher post-challenge survival rate (66.66%). Collectively, these results suggest that dietary supplementation with guava leaves (at 0.5% concentration) could promote growth performance and strengthen immunity of L. rohita. Guava leaves therefore represent a promising feed additive for carps in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sib Sankar Giri
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151742, South Korea
| | - Shib Sankar Sen
- School of Life Sciences, Jawharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Cheng Chi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151742, South Korea
| | - Hyoun Joong Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151742, South Korea
| | - Saekil Yun
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151742, South Korea
| | - Se Chang Park
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151742, South Korea.
| | - V Sukumaran
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Periyar Maniammai University, Thanjavur 613403, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Ghosh R, Tiwary BK, Kumar A, Chakraborty R. Guava leaf extract inhibits quorum-sensing and Chromobacterium violaceum induced lysis of human hepatoma cells: whole transcriptome analysis reveals differential gene expression. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107703. [PMID: 25229331 PMCID: PMC4167859 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) is a process mediated via small molecules termed autoinducers (AI) that allow bacteria to respond and adjust according to the cell population density by altering the expression of multitudinous genes. Since QS governs numerous bioprocesses in bacteria, including virulence, its inhibition promises to be an ideal target for the development of novel therapeutics. We found that the aqueous leaf extract of Psidium guajava (GLE) exhibited anti-QS properties as evidenced by inhibition of violacein production in Chromobacterium violaceum and swarming motility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The gram-negative bacterium, C. violaceum is a rare pathogen with high mortality rate. In this study, perhaps for the first time, we identified the target genes of GLE in C. violaceum MTCC 2656 by whole transcriptome analysis on Ion Torrent. Our data revealed that GLE significantly down-regulated 816 genes at least three fold, with p value ≤ 0.01, which comprises 19% of the C. violaceum MTCC 2656 genome. These genes were distributed throughout the genome and were associated with virulence, motility and other cellular processes, many of which have been described as quorum regulated in C. violaceum and other gram negative bacteria. Interestingly, GLE did not affect the growth of the bacteria. However, consistent with the gene expression pattern, GLE treated C. violaceum cells were restrained from causing lysis of human hepatoma cell line, HepG2, indicating a positive relationship between the QS-regulated genes and pathogenicity. Overall, our study proposes GLE as a QS inhibitor (QSI) with the ability to attenuate virulence without affecting growth. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report which provides with a plausible set of candidate genes regulated by the QS system in the neglected pathogen C. violaceum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runu Ghosh
- OMICS Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, West Bengal, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Bipransh Kumar Tiwary
- OMICS Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, West Bengal, India
| | - Anoop Kumar
- OMICS Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, West Bengal, India
| | - Ranadhir Chakraborty
- OMICS Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, West Bengal, India
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Metabolic Profiling and Predicting the Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Guava (Psidium guajavaL.) Leaves According to Harvest Time by1H-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 75:1090-7. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.100908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Rajendran C, Begam M, Kumar D, Baruah I, Gogoi HK, Srivastava RB, Veer V. Antiplasmodial activity of certain medicinal plants against chloroquine resistant Plasmodium berghei infected white albino BALB/c mice. J Parasit Dis 2013; 38:148-52. [PMID: 24808642 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-013-0252-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study of antimalarial efficacy, aqueous extracts of leaves and unripe fruits of Psidium guajava, leaves of Ocimum sanctum and leaves of Murraya koenigii are evaluated against Plasmodium berghei (chloroquine resistant NK65 strain) infected white albino BALB/c mice. A 7 days oral administration was adopted with different dosage viz., 350 mg, 750 mg and 1,000 mg/kg body weight as treatment schedule along with parasite (Group I) and drug control with Chloroquine, 50 mg/kg body weight (Group II). All the parts were extracted based on the decoction method, which is commonly seen among the villagers/tribes as their usual method of preparation of decoction for most of the ailments. The antimalarial activities were evaluated from the giemsa stained blood smears collected from different treated groups of mice used in this experiment. The antiplasmodial effect that is percent parasitaemia and percent suppression (values in parenthesis) showed by the treated groups of mice at 350 mg/kg b. wt. by the aqueous extracts of P. guajava leaves (Group III) was 19.8 ± 1.22 (73.7 %), P. guajava unripe fruits (Group IV) was 52.7 ± 2.19 (30.0 %), leaves of O. sanctum (Group V) was 64.0 ± 0.73 (15.1 %) and leaves of M. koenigii (Group VI) was 28.9 ± 0.81 (61.6 %) whereas at 750 mg/kg b. wt., it all showed 10.3 ± 0.7 (80.2 %), 26.3 ± 0.52 (65.1 %), 42.0 ± 0.47 (44.2 %) and 14.9 ± 0.46 (71.5 %) whereas at 1,000 mg/kg b. wt. dose, it all showed 9.2 ± 0.39 (85.8 %), 25.6 ± 0.40 (62.0 %), 41.8 ± 0.29 (35.5 %) and 14.0 ± 0.42 (76.9 %) respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rajendran
- Medical Entomology Division, Defence Research Laboratory, Defence Research & Development Organisation, Post Bag No: 2, Tezpur, 784 001 India
| | - M Begam
- CEPTAM, Defence Research & Development Organisation, Timarpur, 110054 New Delhi India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar
- Medical Entomology Division, Defence Research Laboratory, Defence Research & Development Organisation, Post Bag No: 2, Tezpur, 784 001 India
| | - Indra Baruah
- Medical Entomology Division, Defence Research Laboratory, Defence Research & Development Organisation, Post Bag No: 2, Tezpur, 784 001 India
| | - H K Gogoi
- Biotechnology Division, Defence Research Laboratory, Defence Research & Development Organisation, Post Bag No: 2, Tezpur, 784 001 India
| | - R B Srivastava
- Defence Institute of High Altitude Research, Defence Research & Development Organisation, Leh, 194101 Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Vijay Veer
- Medical Entomology Division, Defence Research Laboratory, Defence Research & Development Organisation, Post Bag No: 2, Tezpur, 784 001 India
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Sriwilaijaroen N, Fukumoto S, Kumagai K, Hiramatsu H, Odagiri T, Tashiro M, Suzuki Y. Antiviral effects of Psidium guajava Linn. (guava) tea on the growth of clinical isolated H1N1 viruses: its role in viral hemagglutination and neuraminidase inhibition. Antiviral Res 2012; 94:139-46. [PMID: 22453134 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2012.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Revised: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Rapid evolution of influenza RNA virus has resulted in limitation of vaccine effectiveness, increased emergence of drug-resistant viruses and occurrence of pandemics. A new effective antiviral is therefore needed for control of the highly mutative influenza virus. Teas prepared by the infusion method were tested for their anti-influenza activity against clinical influenza A (H1N1) isolates by a 19-h influenza growth inhibition assay with ST6Gal I-expressing MDCK cells (AX4 cells) using fluorogenic quantification and chromogenic visualization. Guava tea markedly inhibited the growth of A/Narita/1/2009 (amantadine-resistant pandemic 2009 strain) at an IC(50) of 0.05% and the growth of A/Yamaguchi/20/06 (sensitive strain) and A/Kitakyushu/10/06 (oseltamivir-resistant strain) at similar IC(50) values ranging from 0.24% to 0.42% in AX4 cells, being 3.4- to 5.4-fold more potent than green tea (IC(50) values: 0.27% for the 2009 pandemic strain and 0.91% to 1.44% for the seasonal strains). In contrast to both teas, oseltamivir carboxylate (OC) demonstrated high potency against the growth of A/Narita/1/09 (IC(50) of 3.83nM) and A/Yamaguchi/20/06 (IC(50) of 11.57nM) but not against that of A/Kitakyushu/10/06 bearing a His274-to-Tyr substitution (IC(50) of 15.97μM). Immunofluorescence analysis under a confocal microscope indicated that both teas inhibited the most susceptible A/Narita/1/2009 virus at the initial stage of virus infection. This is consistent with results of direct inhibition assays showing that both teas inhibited viral hemagglutination at concentrations comparable to their growth inhibition concentrations but inhibited sialidase activity at about 8-times higher concentrations. Guava tea shows promise to be efficacious for control of epidemic and pandemic influenza viruses including oseltamivir-resistant strains, and its broad target blockage makes it less likely to lead to emergence of viral resistance.
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Pierson JT, Dietzgen RG, Shaw PN, Roberts-Thomson SJ, Monteith GR, Gidley MJ. Major Australian tropical fruits biodiversity: Bioactive compounds and their bioactivities. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011; 56:357-87. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of different parts of guava (Psidium guajava L.). Food Sci Biotechnol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-011-0148-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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14
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Nagira T, Narisawa J, Teruya K, Katakura Y, Shim SY, Kusumoto KI, Tokumaru S, Tokumaru K, Barnes DW, Shirahata S. Suppression of UVC-induced cell damage and enhancement of DNA repair by the fermented milk, Kefir. Cytotechnology 2011; 40:125-37. [PMID: 19003113 DOI: 10.1023/a:1023984304610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An aqueous extract of Kefir, fermented milk originally produced in the Caucasus mountains, suppressed morphological changes of human melanoma HMV-1 and SK-MEL cells and human normal fibroblastTIG-1 cells caused by UVC-irradiation, suggesting that UV damage can be suppressed by the Kefir extract. The addition of the Kefir extract after UVC-irradiation of HVM-1 cells resulted in a remarkable decrease in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) which had been increased by UVC irradiation. The Kefir extract also stimulated unscheduled DNA synthesis and suppressed UVC-induced apoptosis of HMV-1 cells. A colony formation assay revealed that the Kefir extract rescued HMV-1 cells from cell death caused by UVC irradiation. The Kefir extract, as well as methyl methanethiosulfonate which is known to enhance the nucleotide excision repair (NER) activity, exhibited strong thymine dimer repair-enhancing activity. Epigalocatechin exhibited a weak NER activity but vitamins A, C, and E and catechin showed no NER activity. The thymine dimer repair-enhancing factors in the Kefir extract were heat-stable and assumed to be molecules with a molecular weight of less than 5000. The treatment of HMV-1 cells with the Kefir extract during or before UVC- irradiation also prevented the generation of ROS and thymine dimmer, and suppressed the apoptosis of HMV-1 cells, suggesting that application of Kefir can prevent UV damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Nagira
- Department of Genetic Resources Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
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Metwally A, Omar A, Ghazy N, Harraz F, El Sohafy S. Monograph of Psidium guajava L. leaves. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.5530/pj.2011.21.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Factors influencing antioxidant activities and total phenolic content of guava leaf extract. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2010.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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Gondim ANS, Oliveira VRD, Santos SDD, Silva BAD, Vasconcelos CMLD, Conde-Garcia EA. Extract from leaf of Psidium guajava L depresses the guinea pig atrial contractility by interfering with potassium and calcium channels. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2009. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502009000300014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The negative inotropic effect of aqueous fraction (AqF) obtained from the acetic extract of Psidium guajava L leaf was investigated on the guinea pig left atrium. Myocardial force was measured isometrically (27 ± 0.1 ºC, 2 Hz). AqF (100 μg/ml) reduced contractility of about 85 ± 9.4 % (n = 4, p < 0.001, Fcalc = 51.70, F(0.01; 4; 21) = 5.09, EC50 = 14.28 ± 3 μg/mL) in a concentration-dependent fashion. This effect was reduced by 20 mM of tetraethylammonium (TEA), increasing EC50 to 50 ± 7 μg/ml (n = 4, p < 0.001, Fcalc = 282.13; F(0.01; 21; 66) = 2.36). AqF (100 μg/ml) shifted to the right the CaCl2 concentration-effect curve, increasing the EC50 from 2170 ± 112 to 2690 ± 132 μM (n = 3, p < 0.001, Fcalc = 220.80 ; F(0.01; 29; 60) = 2.19). L-NAME (100 μM) did not modify the AqF inotropic effect (n = 3, p > 0.05) sugesting that the oxide nitric pathway did not participate of the action mechanism of AqF. We can conclude that AqF depresses the atrial contractile by reducing the calcium entry in myocardial cells and also by openenig potassium channels of cardiac tissue.
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18
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Inhibitory effects of guava (Psidium guajava L.) leaf extracts and its active compounds on the glycation process of protein. Food Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Owen PL, Matainaho T, Sirois M, Johns T. Endothelial cytoprotection from oxidized LDL by some crude melanesian plant extracts is not related to their antioxidant capacity. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2007; 21:231-42. [PMID: 17912700 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.20186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Habitual consumption of some Melanesian medicinal and food plants may influence atherosclerosis development via their antioxidant capacity at the endothelial level. Areca nut (AN; Areca catechu), piper inflorescence (PBI; Piper betle), betel quid (BQ), guava buds (GB; Psidium guajava), the leaves (NL), juice (NJ), fruit (NF), and root (NR) of noni (Morinda citrifolia), the propagules of raw (MBR), and cooked (MBC) mangrove (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza) were evaluated for their ability to scavenge the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyle (DPPH) radical, to protect human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) from Cu2+-catalyzed oxidation and to protect cultured bovine aortal endothelial cells (BAEC) from oxidized LDL (oxLDL)-induced cytotoxicity. Polyphenol-rich extracts AN, PBI, and BQ were potent DPPH scavengers, having similar activity to quercetin and able to protect LDL from oxidation in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations higher than 10 microg/mL, but were pro-oxidants at lower concentrations. These extracts were cytotoxic to BAEC at concentrations above 10 microg/mL and were unable to prevent oxLDL endotheliopathy. GB and NR at 10 mug/mL displayed both the ability to delay LDL oxidation and prevent oxLDL cytotoxicity, although the latter lacked the ability to scavenge the DPPH radical. At higher concentrations, however, both were cytotoxic in themselves. The remaining noni extracts NF, NJ, NL, and both mangrove extracts MBC and MBR were unable to protect LDL from oxidation at all tested concentrations, but were effective cytoprotective agents at 50 microg/mL. All extracts were able to prevent an oxLDL-mediated increase in intracellular aldehyde generation but had little effect on extracellular peroxidation as measured by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). On the basis of this model system, we conclude that the antioxidant benefits of AN, PBI, and BQ may be offset by their enhancement of their cytotoxic effects of oxLDL toward BAEC, whereas GB and low concentrations of noni and mangrove may be considered antiatherogenic. The discrepancies between our in vitro and cellular culture experiments emphasize the importance of experimental conditions in evaluating the antioxidant potential of crude plant extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick L Owen
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste. Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada, H9X 3V9
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Brito FA, Lima LA, Ramos MFS, Nakamura MJ, Cavalher-Machado SC, Siani AC, Henriques MGMO, Sampaio ALF. Pharmacological study of anti-allergic activity of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels. Braz J Med Biol Res 2007; 40:105-15. [PMID: 17225003 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2007000100014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2005] [Accepted: 10/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Myrtaceae is a plant family widely used in folk medicine and Syzygium and Eugenia are among the most important genera. We investigated the anti-allergic properties of an aqueous leaf extract of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels (SC). HPLC analysis revealed that hydrolyzable tannins and flavonoids are the major components of the extract. Oral administration of SC (25-100 mg/kg) in Swiss mice (20-25 g; N = 7/group) inhibited paw edema induced by compound 48/80 (50% inhibition, 100 mg/kg; P <or= 0.05) and, to a lesser extent, the allergic paw edema (23% inhibition, 100 mg/kg; P <or= 0.05). SC treatment also inhibited the edema induced by histamine (58% inhibition; P <or= 0.05) and 5-HT (52% inhibition; P <or= 0.05) but had no effect on platelet-aggregating factor-induced paw edema. SC prevented mast cell degranulation and the consequent histamine release in Wistar rat (180-200 g; N = 7/group) peritoneal mast cells (50% inhibition, 1 microg/mL; P <or= 0.05) induced by compound 48/80. Pre-treatment of BALB/c mice (18-20 g; N = 7/group) with 100 mg/kg of the extract significantly inhibited eosinophil accumulation in allergic pleurisy (from 7.662 +/- 1.524 to 1.89 +/- 0.336 x 10(6)/cavity; P <= 0.001). This effect was related to the inhibition of IL-5 (from 70.9 +/- 25.2 to 12.05 +/- 7.165 pg/mL) and CCL11/eotaxin levels (from 60.4 +/- 8.54 to 32.8 +/- 8.4 ng/mL) in pleural lavage fluid, using ELISA. These findings demonstrate an anti-allergic effect of SC, and indicate that its anti-edematogenic effect is due to the inhibition of mast cell degranulation and of histamine and serotonin effects, whereas the inhibition of eosinophil accumulation in the allergic pleurisy model is probably due to an impairment of CCL11/eotaxin and IL-5 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Brito
- Departamento de Farmacologia Aplicada, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Chen HY, Yen GC. Antioxidant activity and free radical-scavenging capacity of extracts from guava (Psidium guajava L.) leaves. Food Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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22
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Tachakittirungrod S, Okonogi S, Chowwanapoonpohn S. Study on antioxidant activity of certain plants in Thailand: Mechanism of antioxidant action of guava leaf extract. Food Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Conde Garcia EA, Nascimento VT, Santiago Santos AB. Inotropic effects of extracts of Psidium guajava L. (guava) leaves on the guinea pig atrium. Braz J Med Biol Res 2003; 36:661-8. [PMID: 12715086 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2003000500014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Many pharmacological effects have been ascribed to extracts of Psidium guajava L. (guava) leaves. However, in spite of its widespread use in Brazilian folk medicine and a reasonable number of scientific reports about it, we could not find any study dealing with its action on the mammalian myocardium. In the present study, by measuring isometric force, we observed that the crude extract of P. guajava (water-alcohol extract obtained by macerating dry leaves) depresses the guinea pig atrial contractility in a concentration-dependent fashion (N = 8 hearts, 15 trials). The compound with cardiac activity was concentrated by extraction in a Soxhlet apparatus using 17 M glacial acetic acid after removing the less polar fractions (hexane, chloroform, acetone, ethanol and methanol), suggesting that this compound is a highly polar substance. In the isolated guinea pig left atrium the acetic acid fraction (10-800 mg/l) of P. guajava 1) reversibly decreased myocardial force in a concentration-dependent fashion (EC50 = 0.07g/l, N = 5 hearts, 9 trials, P<0.05), 2) increased the atrial relaxation time measured at 20% of the force amplitude up to 35% (91 +/- 15 to 123 +/- 30 ms, N = 3 hearts, 6 trials, P<0.05), 3) abolished the positive staircase effect (Bowditch phenomenon) in a concentration-dependent fashion suggesting a decrease of the cellular inward calcium current (N = 4 hearts, 8 trials, P<0.05), and 4) its inotropic effect was abolished by cholinergic receptor blockade with 1.5 mM atropine sulfate, indicating a cholinergic involvement in the mechanism of action of the extract (N = 7 hearts, 15 trials, P<0.05). The acetic acid extract was 20 times more potent than crude extract (EC50 = 1.4 g/l). The results showed that extracts from P. guajava leaves depress myocardial inotropism.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Conde Garcia
- Laboratório de Biofísica dos Tecidos Excitáveis, Departamento de Fisiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brasil.
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Abstract
The Nilgiri is a popular massif towering high in the Western Ghats in South India with an altitude of 2623 m. Nature has been magnanimous in bestowing Nilgiri district with rich evergreen temperate to tropical forests. A high degree of biodiversity, marked by varied flora and fauna of good therapeutic potential as well as the varied number of indigenous groups of people in this area, makes it very popular among herbalists. The district has six anthropologically well defined ethnic groups namely Todas, Kotas, Kurumbas, Irulas, Paniyas and Kattunayakas living here possibly since 1200 B.C. The present review highlights the ethnobiological profile of six indigenous populations and their dependence on ambient flora and fauna for traditional health care needs. It has been observed that about 2700 therapeutically potent plant species are available in this hill station of which almost all have come from local medicine. Some have been explored scientifically. However, about 150 plant species are still to be explored for their therapeutic potential. The ethnography, phytochemical and therapeutic uses as well as the anthropological perspectives of the local medicines have been discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rajan
- Survey of Medicinal Plants and Collection Unit, Central Council for Research in Homeopathy, Udhagamandalam--643 002, Tamil Nadu, India
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25
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Abstract
From the leaves of Eucalyptus ovata 13 known compounds, four flavonol glycosides and nine tannins, including the trimer gallocatechin-(4alpha-8)-gallocatechin-(4alpha-8)-catechin (1), were isolated. The spectral data of the peracetate derivative of the trimer are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Santos
- Laboratório de Bioatividade Molecular, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Caixa Postal 131, CEP 74001-970, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
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Nakamura Y, Suganuma E, Matsuo T, Okamoto S, Sato K, Ohtsuki K. 2,4-Nonadienal and benzaldehyde bioantimutagens in Fushimi sweet pepper (Fushimi-togarashi). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 1999; 47:544-549. [PMID: 10563930 DOI: 10.1021/jf980653n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Fushimi sweet pepper, "Fushimi-togarashi", is one of the "Kyo-yasai", traditional vegetables, in Kyoto, Japan. The chloroform fraction of Fushimi sweet pepper showed bioantimutagenicity on UV induced mutation in Escherichia coli B/r WP2. The bioantimutagen was purified with silica gel chromatography and identified as 2, 4-nonadienal (ID(50) = 20 microg/plate) on the basis of GC retention time and EI-MS spectrum of authentic 2,4-nonadienal. The sweet pepper also contained a known bioantimutagen, benzaldehyde (ID(50) = 2 mg/plate). Additive bioantimutagenicity was also observed by 2, 4-nonadienal with benzaldehyde. 2,4-Nonadienal did not show bioantimutagenicity in an UV excision repair deficient strain, E. coli B/r WP2s uvrA(-)(). Furthermore no delay of the first cell division after UV irradiation was observed in E. coli B/r WP2. These results indicate that the bioantimutagenic activity of 2, 4-nonadienal on UV mutagenesis might depend on the excision repair system in E. coli B/r WP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Nakamura
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutritional Health, Kyoto Prefectural University, Japan
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