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Wang H, Zheng Q, Dong A, Wang J, Si J. Chemical Constituents, Biological Activities, and Proposed Biosynthetic Pathways of Steroidal Saponins from Healthy Nutritious Vegetable- Allium. Nutrients 2023; 15:2233. [PMID: 37432450 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Allium is a common functional vegetable with edible and medicinal value. Allium plants have a special spicy taste, so they are often used as food and seasoning in people's diets. As a functional food, Allium also has abundant biological activities, some of which are used as drugs to treat diseases. By consuming Allium on a daily basis, people can receive active compounds of natural origin, thereby improving their health status and reducing the likelihood of disease. Steroidal saponins are important secondary metabolites of Allium, which are formed by the steroidal aglycone group and sugar. Steroidal saponins have various physiological activities, such as hypoglycemic, antiplatelet aggregation, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antimicrobial, and enzyme activity inhibition, which is one of the key reasons why Allium has such significant health benefits. The structural diversity and rich biological activities of steroidal saponins make Allium important plants for both food and medicine. In this paper, the chemical structures, biological activities, and structure-activity relationships of steroidal saponins isolated from Allium are reviewed, and the biosynthetic pathways of some key compounds are proposed as well, to provide a molecular reference basis based on secondary metabolites for the health value of Allium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxiang Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Aijun Dong
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junchi Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianyong Si
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing 100193, China
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The Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Tulbaghia, Allium, Crinum and Cyrtanthus: ‘Talented’ Taxa from the Amaryllidaceae. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144475. [PMID: 35889346 PMCID: PMC9316996 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Amaryllidaceae is a significant source of bioactive phytochemicals with a strong propensity to develop new drugs. The genera Allium, Tulbaghia, Cyrtanthus and Crinum biosynthesize novel alkaloids and other phytochemicals with traditional and pharmacological uses. Amaryllidaceae biomolecules exhibit multiple pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory effects. Traditionally, natural products from Amaryllidaceae are utilized to treat non-communicable and infectious human diseases. Galanthamine, a drug from this family, is clinically relevant in treating the neurocognitive disorder, Alzheimer’s disease, which underscores the importance of the Amaryllidaceae alkaloids. Although Amaryllidaceae provide a plethora of biologically active compounds, there is tardiness in their development into clinically pliable medicines. Other genera, including Cyrtanthus and Tulbaghia, have received little attention as potential sources of promising drug candidates. Given the reciprocal relationship of the increasing burden of human diseases and limited availability of medicinal therapies, more rapid drug discovery and development are desirable. To expedite clinically relevant drug development, we present here evidence on bioactive compounds from the genera Allium, Tulgbaghia, Cyrtanthus and Crinum and describe their traditional and pharmacological applications.
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Zhang DB, Wei XY. Steroidal Glycosides from Allium tuberosum Seeds and Their Roles in Promoting Testosterone Production of Rat Leydig Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225464. [PMID: 33266475 PMCID: PMC7700350 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A systematic phytochemical study on the components in the seeds of Allium tuberosum was performed, leading to the isolation of 27 steroidal glycosides (SGs 1–27). The structures of SGs were identified mainly by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometries as well as the necessary chemical evidence. In the SGs, 1–10 and 22–26 are new steroidal saponin analogues. An in vitro bioassay indicates that 1, 2, 7, 8, 10, 13–15, 20, 23, and 26 display promotional roles in testosterone production of rat Leydig cells with the EC50 values of 1.0 to 4.5 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Bing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China;
- Jiangsu Hanbon Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Huaian 223005, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xian-Yong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China;
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Coal Utilization and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
- Correspondence:
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Hussain M, Debnath B, Qasim M, Bamisile BS, Islam W, Hameed MS, Wang L, Qiu D. Role of Saponins in Plant Defense Against Specialist Herbivores. Molecules 2019; 24:E2067. [PMID: 31151268 PMCID: PMC6600540 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) is a very destructive crucifer-specialized pest that has resulted in significant crop losses worldwide. DBM is well attracted to glucosinolates (which act as fingerprints and essential for herbivores in host plant recognition) containing crucifers such as wintercress, Barbarea vulgaris (Brassicaceae) despite poor larval survival on it due to high-to-low concentration of saponins and generally to other plants in the genus Barbarea. B. vulgaris build up resistance against DBM and other herbivorous insects using glucosinulates which are used in plant defense. Aside glucosinolates, Barbarea genus also contains triterpenoid saponins, which are toxic to insects and act as feeding deterrents for plant specialist herbivores (such as DBM). Previous studies have found interesting relationship between the host plant and secondary metabolite contents, which indicate that attraction or resistance to specialist herbivore DBM, is due to higher concentrations of glucosinolates and saponins in younger leaves in contrast to the older leaves of Barbarea genus. As a response to this phenomenon, herbivores as DBM has developed a strategy of defense against these plant biochemicals. Because there is a lack of full knowledge in understanding bioactive molecules (such as saponins) role in plant defense against plant herbivores. Thus, in this review, we discuss the role of secondary plant metabolites in plant defense mechanisms against the specialist herbivores. In the future, trials by plant breeders could aim at transferring these bioactive molecules against herbivore to cash crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubasher Hussain
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 35002, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Institute of Applied Ecology and Research Centre for Biodiversity and Eco-Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Biswojit Debnath
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 35002, China.
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 3100058, China.
| | - Bamisope Steve Bamisile
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Institute of Applied Ecology and Research Centre for Biodiversity and Eco-Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Waqar Islam
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- College of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China.
| | - Muhammad Salman Hameed
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Institute of Applied Ecology and Research Centre for Biodiversity and Eco-Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Protection, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, Pakistan.
| | - Liande Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Institute of Applied Ecology and Research Centre for Biodiversity and Eco-Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Dongliang Qiu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 35002, China.
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Venâncio PC, Raimundo Figueroba S, Dias Nani B, Eduardo Nunes Ferreira L, Vilela Muniz B, de Sá Del Fiol F, Sartoratto A, Antonio Ribeiro Rosa E, Carlos Groppo F. Antimicrobial Activity of Two Garlic Species ( Allium Sativum and A. Tuberosum) Against Staphylococci Infection. In Vivo Study in Rats. Adv Pharm Bull 2017; 7:115-121. [PMID: 28507945 PMCID: PMC5426724 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2017.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study observed the effect of garlic extracts and amoxicillin against an induced staphylococcal infection model. MIC and MBC were also obtained for aqueous extracts of Allium sativum (Asa) and Allium tuberosum (Atu) against Staphylococcus aureus penicillin-sensitive (PSSA - ATCC 25923) and MRSA (ATCC 33592). Methods: Granulation tissues were induced in the back of 205 rats. After 14 days, 0.5 mL of 108 CFU/mL of PSSA or MRSA were injected inside tissues. After 24h, animals were divided: G1 (Control) – 0.5 mL of NaCl 0.9%; G2 – Asa 100 mg/kg or 400mg/kg; G3 – Atu 100 mg/kg or 400 mg/kg; G4 – amoxicillin suspension 50 mg/kg, considering PSSA infection; and G5 (Control) - 0.5 mL of NaCl 0.9%; G6 – Asa 400mg/kg; G7 – amoxicillin 50 mg/kg; and G8 - Asa 400 mg/kg + amoxicillin 50 mg/kg for MRSA. All treatments were administered P.O. every 6h. Animals were killed at 0, 6, 12 and 24h. Samples were spread on salt-mannitol agar. Colonies were counted after 18 h at 37 °C. Atu was not able to inhibit or kill PSSA and MRSA. Considering Asa, MIC and MBC against PSSA were 2 mg/mL and 4 mg/mL, respectively; and 16 mg/mL and 64 mg/mL against MRSA. Results: No effect was observed in vivo for control, Asa 100 mg/kg and Atu 100 mg/kg, while amoxicillin, Atu 400 mg/kg and Asa 400 mg/kg decreased PSSA counts in all-time points. No effect of any group against MRSA was observed at any time. Conclusion: Thus, A. sativum and A. tuberosum were able to reduce PSSA infection, but not MRSA infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo César Venâncio
- Department of Exact Sciences, Technical School of Limeira, Cotil, UNICAMP, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sidney Raimundo Figueroba
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Dias Nani
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Vilela Muniz
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando de Sá Del Fiol
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, School of Pharmacy of Sorocaba, UNISO, Sorocaba São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adilson Sartoratto
- Research Center for Chemistry, Biology and Agriculture, CPQBA, UNICAMP, Paulínia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Francisco Carlos Groppo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Fang YS, Cai L, Li Y, Wang JP, Xiao H, Ding ZT. Spirostanol steroids from the roots of Allium tuberosum. Steroids 2015; 100:1-4. [PMID: 25836597 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Three new spirostanol saponins named tuberosines A-C (1-3), together with three known ones tuberoside O (4), 25(S)-Schidigera-saponin D5 (5), and shatavarin IV (6) were isolated from the roots of Allium tuberosum. Their structures were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses. Whereas compounds 5 and 6 exhibited potent antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis (32 μg/mL) and Escherichia coli (16 μg/mL), the new saponin 2 showed only moderate antibacterial activities against these pathogens. The relationship between the antibacterial activities and the structures of these saponins are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Shan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; School of Chemical Science and Technology, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China
| | - Le Cai
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Jia-Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Huai Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Zhong-Tao Ding
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.
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New insights into the chemical and biochemical basis of the "yang-invigorating" action of chinese yang-tonic herbs. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:856273. [PMID: 25610483 PMCID: PMC4295141 DOI: 10.1155/2014/856273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In the practice of traditional Chinese medicine, many Yang-tonic herbs have been used for retarding the decline in bodily function and delaying the onset of age-related diseases. Our earlier studies have demonstrated that Yang-invigorating herbs/formulations protect against oxidative injury in various organs and also extend the median lifespan in mice. This lifespan extension was associated with an upregulation of cellular antioxidant status including that of mitochondria whose functional capacity is also increased by “Yang-invigorating” herbs/formulations. In this paper, we propose that triterpenes and phytosterols, which are ubiquitously found in Yang-tonic herbs, may be the chemical entities responsible for enhancing mitochondrial functional and antioxidant capacity and thus the “Yang-invigorating” action. The biochemical mechanism underlying this “Yang-invigorating” action may involve a sustained production of low levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) secondary to an increased activity of the electron transport chain, with the possible involvement of mitochondrial uncoupling. The increase in mitochondrial functional capacity can retard the decline in bodily function during aging, whereas the mitochondrial ROS production is instrumental in eliciting a glutathione antioxidant response via redox-sensitive signaling pathways, which can delay the onset of age-related diseases.
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Sobolewska D, Michalska K, Podolak I, Grabowska K. Steroidal saponins from the genus Allium. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2014; 15:1-35. [PMID: 26893594 PMCID: PMC4735241 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-014-9381-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Steroidal saponins are widely distributed among monocots, including the Amaryllidaceae family to which the Allium genus is currently classified. Apart from sulfur compounds, these are important biologically active molecules that are considered to be responsible for the observed activity of Allium species, including antifungal, cytotoxic, enzyme-inhibitory, and other. In this paper, literature data concerning chemistry and biological activity of steroidal saponins from the Allium genus has been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Sobolewska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, Kraków, Poland
| | - Klaudia Michalska
- Department of Phytochemistry, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, Kraków, Poland
| | - Irma Podolak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, Kraków, Poland
| | - Karolina Grabowska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, Kraków, Poland
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Hu G, Lu Y, Yu W, Ding Q, Yang Q, Zhou J, Ma Z. A Steroidal Saponin from the Seeds of Allium tuberosum. Chem Nat Compd 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-014-0825-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Hu G, Sheng C, Mao R, Ma Z, Lu Y, Wei D. Essential oil composition of Allium tuberosum seed from China. Chem Nat Compd 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-013-0476-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Eskander J, Lavaud C, Harakat D. Steroidal saponins from the leaves of Beaucarnea recurvata. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2011; 72:946-951. [PMID: 21440920 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Revised: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Thirteen steroidal saponins were isolated from the leaves of Beaucarnea recurvata Lem. Their structures were established using one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Six of them were identified as: 26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl (25S)-furosta-5,20(22)-diene 1β,3β,26-triol 1-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2) β-D-fucopyranoside, 26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl (25S)-furosta-5,20(22)-diene 1β,3β,26-triol 1-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-4-O-acetyl-β-D-fucopyranoside, 26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl (25R)-furosta-5,20(22)-diene-23-one-1β,3β,26-triol 1-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2) β-D-fucopyranoside, 26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl (25S)-furosta-5-ene-1β,3β,22α,26-tetrol 1-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-6-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranoside, 26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl (25S)-furosta-5-ene-1β,3β,22α,26-tetrol 1-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2) β-D-fucopyranoside, and 24-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl (25R)-spirost-5-ene-1β,3β,24-triol 1-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-4-O-acetyl-β-D-fucopyranoside. The chemotaxonomic classification of B. recurvata in the family Ruscaceae was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Eskander
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims (ICMR), UMR-CNRS 6229, bâtiment 18, BP 1039, 51687 Reims cedex 2, France
| | - Catherine Lavaud
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims (ICMR), UMR-CNRS 6229, bâtiment 18, BP 1039, 51687 Reims cedex 2, France
| | - Dominique Harakat
- Service d'analyse, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims (ICMR), UMR-CNRS 6229, bâtiment 18, BP 1039, 51687 Reims cedex 2, France
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Affiliation(s)
- N P Sahu
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India.
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Guohua H, Yanhua L, Rengang M, Dongzhi W, Zhengzhi M, Hua Z. Aphrodisiac properties of Allium tuberosum seeds extract. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 122:579-582. [PMID: 19429330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2008] [Revised: 12/08/2008] [Accepted: 01/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY In the present study, we examined the effect of Allium tuberosum seeds extract upon the expression of male rat sexual behavior, in order to know whether Allium tuberosum seeds extract possess aphrodisiac property. MATERIALS AND METHODS The aphrodisiac activity of Allium tuberosum seeds n-BuOH extract was investigated in male rats. The extract (500 mg/kg body weight/day) and L-dopa (100 mg/kg body weight/day) were administered orally by gavages for 40 days. Mount latency (ML), intromission latency (IL), ejaculation latency (EL),mounting frequency (MF), intromission frequency (IF), ejaculation frequency (EF) and post-ejaculatory interval (PEI) were the parameters observed before and during the sexual behavior study at day 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40. RESULTS The n-BuOH extract reduced significantly ML, IL, EL and PEI (p < 0.05). The extract also increased significantly MF, IF and EF (p < 0.05). These effects were observed in sexually active and inactive male rats. CONCLUSIONS Present findings provide experimental evidence that the n-BuOH extract preparation of Allium tuberosum seeds possesses aphrodisiac property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Guohua
- College of Life and Environment Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, PR China.
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15
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Jin YL, Kuk JH, Oh KT, Kim YJ, Piao XL, Park RD. A new steroidal saponin, yuccalan, from the leaves ofYucca smalliana. Arch Pharm Res 2007; 30:543-6. [PMID: 17615670 DOI: 10.1007/bf02977645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
An extract of the leaves of Yucca smalliana Fern. (Agavaceae) showed potential antimicrobial activity. Employing a bioassay linked fractionation method, one of the active principles, namely yuccalan, was isolated as a new steroidal saponin. The structure of the new steroidal saponin was elucidated as 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(3beta, 5alpha, 6alpha, 25S)-spirostan-3,6,27-triol (1) using various spectroscopic techniques, including IR, MS, 1D and 2D 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR. The purified yuccalan showed antifungal activities against both Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lan Jin
- Division of Applied Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
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Vincken JP, Heng L, de Groot A, Gruppen H. Saponins, classification and occurrence in the plant kingdom. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2007; 68:275-97. [PMID: 17141815 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2005] [Revised: 09/23/2006] [Accepted: 10/10/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Saponins are a structurally diverse class of compounds occurring in many plant species, which are characterized by a skeleton derived of the 30-carbon precursor oxidosqualene to which glycosyl residues are attached. Traditionally, they are subdivided into triterpenoid and steroid glycosides, or into triterpenoid, spirostanol, and furostanol saponins. In this study, the structures of saponins are reviewed and classified based on their carbon skeletons, the formation of which follows the main pathways for the biosynthesis of triterpenes and steroids. In this way, 11 main classes of saponins were distinguished: dammaranes, tirucallanes, lupanes, hopanes, oleananes, taraxasteranes, ursanes, cycloartanes, lanostanes, cucurbitanes, and steroids. The dammaranes, lupanes, hopanes, oleananes, ursanes, and steroids are further divided into 16 subclasses, because their carbon skeletons are subjected to fragmentation, homologation, and degradation reactions. With this systematic classification, the relationship between the type of skeleton and the plant origin was investigated. Up to five main classes of skeletons could exist within one plant order, but the distribution of skeletons in the plant kingdom did not seem to be order- or subclass-specific. The oleanane skeleton was the most common skeleton and is present in most orders of the plant kingdom. For oleanane type saponins, the kind of substituents (e.g. -OH, =O, monosaccharide residues, etc.) and their position of attachment to the skeleton were reviewed. Carbohydrate chains of 18 monosaccharide residues can be attached to the oleanane skeleton, most commonly at the C3 and/or C17 atom. The kind and positions of the substituents did not seem to be plant order-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Vincken
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Sparg SG, Light ME, van Staden J. Biological activities and distribution of plant saponins. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2004; 94:219-43. [PMID: 15325725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 691] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2004] [Revised: 05/28/2004] [Accepted: 05/29/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plant saponins are widely distributed amongst plants and have a wide range of biological properties. The more recent investigations and findings into their biological activities were summarized. Isolation studies of saponins were examined to determine which are the more commonly studied plant families and in which families saponins have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Sparg
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
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Ikeda T, Tsumagari H, Okawa M, Nohara T. Pregnane- and Furostane-Type Oligoglycosides from the Seeds of Allium tuberosum. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2004; 52:142-5. [PMID: 14709884 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.52.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two furostane-type steroidal oligoglycosides (1, 2), together with a new pregnane-type oligoglycoside (3), were obtained from the seeds of Allium tuberosum ROTTLER. On the basis of spectroscopic analysis, the structures of three new oligoglycosides (1-3) were elucidated as 26-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-3beta,22xi,26-trihydroxyl-5alpha-furostane 3-O-beta-chacotrioside, 26-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(25S)-3beta,5beta,6alpha,22xi,26-pentahydroxyl-5beta-furostane 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl 3beta,5beta,6alpha,16beta-tetrahydroxypregnane 16-(5-O-beta-D-glucopyranoyl-4(S)-methyl-5-hydroxypentanoic acid) ester, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Ikeda
- Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.
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