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Hairy Root Cultures as a Source of Polyphenolic Antioxidants: Flavonoids, Stilbenoids and Hydrolyzable Tannins. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11151950. [PMID: 35956428 PMCID: PMC9370385 DOI: 10.3390/plants11151950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Due to their chemical properties and biological activity, antioxidants of plant origin have gained interest as valuable components of the human diet, potential food preservatives and additives, ingredients of cosmetics and factors implicated in tolerance mechanisms against environmental stress. Plant polyphenols are the most prominent and extensively studied, albeit not only group of, secondary plant (specialized) metabolites manifesting antioxidative activity. Because of their potential economic importance, the productive and renewable sources of the compounds are desirable. Over thirty years of research on hairy root cultures, as both producers of secondary plant metabolites and experimental systems to investigate plant biosynthetic pathways, brought about several spectacular achievements. The present review focuses on the Rhizobium rhizogenes-transformed roots that either may be efficient sources of plant-derived antioxidants or were used to elucidate some regulatory mechanisms responsible for the enhanced accumulation of antioxidants in plant tissues.
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Du XY, Li GX, Chen XQ, Li RT, Zhang ZJ. Pterocarpans and 2-arylbenzofurans from Sophora flavescens aiton and their chemotaxonomic significance. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2021.104357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tu Y, Yang Y, Li Y, He C. Naturally occurring coumestans from plants, their biological activities and therapeutic effects on human diseases. Pharmacol Res 2021; 169:105615. [PMID: 33872808 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring coumestans are known as a collection of plant-derived polycyclic aromatic secondary metabolites which are characterized by the presence of an oxygen heterocyclic four-ring system comprising a coumarin moiety and a benzofuran moiety sharing a C˭C bond. Recently, there is an increasing attention in excavating the medicinal potential of coumestans, particularly coumestrol, wedelolactone, psoralidin and glycyrol, in a variety of diseases. This review is a comprehensive inventory of the chemical structures of coumestans isolated from various plant sources during the period of 1956-2020, together with their reported biological activities. 120 molecules were collected and further classified as coumestans containing core skeleton, dimethylpyranocoumestans, furanocoumestans, O-glycosylated coumestans and others, which showed a wide range of pharmacological activities including estrogenic, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-osteoporotic, organ protective, neuroprotective, anti-diabetic and anti-obesity, antimicrobial, immunosuppressive, antioxidant and skin-protective activities. Furthermore, this review focuses on the counteraction of coumestans against bone diseases and organ damages, and the involved molecular mechanisms, which could provide important information to better understand the medicinal values of these compounds. This review is intended to be instructive for the rational design and development of less toxic and more effective drugs with a coumestan scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbei Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Yanfang Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Chengwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR 999078, China.
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Yang L, Wang ZM, Wang Y, Li RS, Wang F, Wang K. Phenolic constituents with neuroprotective activities from Hypericum wightianum. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 165:112049. [PMID: 31229788 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Five undescribed phenolic compounds, inclusing a depsidone derivative, hyperwightin A, a flavone derivative, hyperwightin B, and three benzophenone glycosides, hyperwightins C-E, along with four known ones were isolated from the 95% EtOH extract of the whole plants of Hypericum wightianum. Structures of the obtained compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses. The protective effects of the isolates against corticosterone-induced PC12 cell injury were assessed. Hyperwightin E, petiolin G and hyperxanthone exhibited noticeable neuroprotection at 10 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yang
- School of Pharmacy and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Tongren Polytechnic College, Guizhou, 554300, PR China
| | - Zi-Ming Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Yun Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Rong-Sheng Li
- School of Pharmacy and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Fei Wang
- BioBioPha Co., Ltd., Kunming 650201, PR China.
| | - Kou Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, PR China.
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Liu X, Sun Y, Bian J, Lv M, Han T, Sun H, Li D, Gao P. Phytochemical and chemotaxonomic study on Medicago sativa L. (Leguminosae). BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Liu XG, Huang MY, Gao PY, Liu CF, Sun YQ, Lv MC, Yao GD, Zhang LX, Li DQ. Bioactive constituents from Medicago sativa L. with antioxidant, neuroprotective and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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Shults EE, Shakirov MM, Pokrovsky MA, Petrova TN, Pokrovsky AG, Gorovoy PG. Phenolic compounds from Glycyrrhiza pallidiflora Maxim. and their cytotoxic activity. Nat Prod Res 2016; 31:445-452. [PMID: 27210480 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2016.1188094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-one phenolic compounds (1-21) including dihydrocinnamic acid, isoflavonoids, flavonoids, coumestans, pterocarpans, chalcones, isoflavan and isoflaven, were isolated from the roots of Glycyrrhiza pallidiflora Maxim. Phloretinic acid (1), chrysin (6), 9-methoxycoumestan (8), isoglycyrol (9), 6″-O-acetylanonin (19) and 6″-O-acetylwistin (21) were isolated from G. pallidiflora for the first time. Isoflavonoid acetylglycosides 19, 21 might be artefacts that could be produced during the EtOAc fractionation process of whole extract. Compounds 2-4, 10, 11, 19 and 21 were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity with respect to model cancer cell lines (CEM-13, MT-4, U-937) using the conventional MTT assays. Isoflavonoid calycosin (4) showed the best potency against human T-cell leukaemia cells MT-4 (CTD50, 2.9 μM). Pterocarpans medicarpin (10) and homopterocarpin (11) exhibit anticancer activity in micromolar range with selectivity on the human monocyte cells U-937. The isoflavan (3R)-vestitol (16) was highly selective on the lymphoblastoid leukaemia cells CEM-13 and was more active than the drug doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira E Shults
- a Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch , Russian Academy of Sciences , Novosibirsk , Russia.,b Medicinal Department , Novosibirsk State University , Novosibirsk , Russia
| | - Makhmut M Shakirov
- a Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch , Russian Academy of Sciences , Novosibirsk , Russia
| | - Mikhail A Pokrovsky
- b Medicinal Department , Novosibirsk State University , Novosibirsk , Russia
| | - Tatijana N Petrova
- a Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch , Russian Academy of Sciences , Novosibirsk , Russia
| | - Andrey G Pokrovsky
- b Medicinal Department , Novosibirsk State University , Novosibirsk , Russia
| | - Petr G Gorovoy
- c G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry , Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Vladivostok , Russia
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Awouafack MD, Spiteller P, Lamshöft M, Kusari S, Ivanova B, Tane P, Spiteller M. Antimicrobial isopropenyl-dihydrofuranoisoflavones from Crotalaria lachnophora. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:272-278. [PMID: 21265557 DOI: 10.1021/np1005218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Two new isopropenyl-dihydrofuranoisoflavones exhibiting antimicrobial properties have been isolated along with eight known compounds from the Cameroonian medicinal plant Crotalaria lachnophora. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry as 7,2',4'-trihydroxy-5''-isopropenyl-4'',5''-dihydrofurano[2'',3'':5,6]isoflavone (1) and 4,8-dihydroxy-2-isopropenyl-2,3-dihydro-5H-[1]benzofuro[2,3-b]furo[3,2-g]chromen-5-one (2). The CH(2)Cl(2)/MeOH (1:1) extract and the compounds isolated were subjected to in vitro antimicrobial assays against a panel of pathogenic microorganisms, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. The new compounds, named lachnoisoflavones A (1) and B (2), showed moderate inhibitory activities against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice Ducret Awouafack
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Dschang, PO Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
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Ammosov AS, Litvinenko VI. Phenolic compounds of the genera Glycyrrhiza L. and Meristotropis Fisch. et Mey. (review). Pharm Chem J 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-007-0084-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Isoflavonoids are found predominantly in subfamily Papilionoideae of the Leguminosae. This review describes more than 420 new examples of Leguminosae isoflavonoids, giving details of their source, identification, biological activity, synthesis, and ecological or chemosystematic significance. Other topics addressed include the application of hyphenated analytical techniques to the characterisation of legume-derived isoflavonoids, and advances made in biosynthetic studies. A checklist of new compounds by species is given, and 404 references are cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel C Veitch
- Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK.
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Woo SS, Song JS, Lee JY, In DS, Chung HJ, Liu JR, Choi DW. Selection of high ginsenoside producing ginseng hairy root lines using targeted metabolic analysis. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2004; 65:2751-61. [PMID: 15474561 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2004] [Revised: 08/07/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
To develop an experimental system for studying ginsenoside biosynthesis, we generated thousands of ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) hairy roots, genetically transformed roots induced by Agrobacterium rhizogenes, and analyzed the ginsenosides in the samples. 27 putative ginsenosides were detected in ginseng hairy roots. Quantitative and qualitative variations in the seven major ginsenosides were profiled in 993 ginseng hairy root lines using LC/MS and HPLC-UV. Cluster analysis of metabolic profiling data enabled us to select hairy root lines, which varied significantly in ginsenoside production. We selected hairy root lines producing total ginsenoside contents 4-5 times higher than that of a common hairy root population, as well as lines that varied in the ratio of the protopanaxadiol to protopanaxatriol type ginsenoside. Some of the hairy root lines produce only a single ginsenoside in relatively high amounts. These metabolites represent the end product of gene expression, thus metabolic profiling can give a broad view of the biochemical status or biochemical phenotype of a hairy root line that can be directly linked to gene function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Sick Woo
- Unigen Inc. San 80, SongJungLee, ByengCheon, Chungnam 330-863, Korea
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Li W, Koike K, Asada Y, Hirotani M, Rui H, Yoshikawa T, Nikaido T. Flavonoids from Glycyrrhiza pallidiflora hairy root cultures. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2002; 60:351-355. [PMID: 12031424 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(02)00093-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Three flavonoids named licoagrosides D, E and F together with four known flavonoids, medicarpin 3-O-glucoside, calycosin 7-O-glucoside, formononetin 7-O-(6"-malonylglucoside) and 2'-hydroxyformononetin 7-O-glucoside were isolated from Glycyrrhiza pallidiflora hairy root cultures. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. Licoagrosides E and F are the first examples of a 6a-hydroxypterocarpan glycoside and an alpha-O-glycosidic alpha-hydroxydihydrochalcone, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi-city, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
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