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Yang Q, Wang G. Isoflavonoid metabolism in leguminous plants: an update and perspectives. Front Plant Sci 2024; 15:1368870. [PMID: 38405585 PMCID: PMC10884283 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1368870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Isoflavonoids constitute a well-investigated category of phenylpropanoid-derived specialized metabolites primarily found in leguminous plants. They play a crucial role in legume development and interactions with the environment. Isoflavonoids usually function as phytoalexins, acting against pathogenic microbes in nature. Additionally, they serve as signaling molecules in rhizobial symbiosis. Notably, owing to their molecular structure resembling human estrogen, they are recognized as phytoestrogens, imparting positive effects on human health. This review comprehensively outlines recent advancements in research pertaining to isoflavonoid biosynthesis, transcriptional regulation, transport, and physiological functions, with a particular emphasis on soybean plants. Additionally, we pose several questions to encourage exploration into novel contributors to isoflavonoid metabolism and their potential roles in plant-microbe interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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2
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Miedziaszczyk M, Maciejewski A, Idasiak-Piechocka I, Karczewski M, Lacka K. Effects of Isoflavonoid and Vitamin D Synergism on Bone Mineral Density-A Systematic and Critical Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:5014. [PMID: 38140273 PMCID: PMC10745652 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are non-steroidal plant compounds, which bind to α and β estrogen receptors, thereby causing specific effects. The best-known group of phytoestrogens are flavonoids, including isoflavonoids-genistein and daidzein. They play a role in the metabolism of bone tissue, improving its density and preventing bone loss, which contributes to reducing the risk of fractures. Vitamin D is found in the form of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) and ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) and is traditionally recognized as a regulator of bone metabolism. The aim of this review was to evaluate the synergistic effect of isoflavonoids and vitamin D on bone mineral density (BMD). The MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus and Cochrane databases were searched independently by two authors. The search strategy included controlled vocabulary and keywords. Reference publications did not provide consistent data regarding the synergistic effect of isoflavonoids on BMD. Some studies demonstrated a positive synergistic effect of these compounds, whereas in others, the authors did not observe any significant differences. Therefore, further research on the synergism of isoflavonoids and vitamin D may contribute to a significant progress in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miłosz Miedziaszczyk
- Department of General and Transplant Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; (M.M.); (I.I.-P.); (M.K.)
| | - Adam Maciejewski
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Ilona Idasiak-Piechocka
- Department of General and Transplant Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; (M.M.); (I.I.-P.); (M.K.)
| | - Marek Karczewski
- Department of General and Transplant Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; (M.M.); (I.I.-P.); (M.K.)
| | - Katarzyna Lacka
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland;
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Galewski PJ, Majumdar R, Lebar MD, Strausbaugh CA, Eujayl IA. Combined Omics Approaches Reveal Distinct Mechanisms of Resistance and/or Susceptibility in Sugar Beet Double Haploid Genotypes at Early Stages of Beet Curly Top Virus Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15013. [PMID: 37834460 PMCID: PMC10573692 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241915013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugar beet is susceptible to Beet curly top virus (BCTV), which significantly reduces yield and sugar production in the semi-arid growing regions worldwide. Sources of genetic resistance to BCTV is limited and control depends upon insecticide seed treatments with neonicotinoids. Through double haploid production and genetic selection, BCTV resistant breeding lines have been developed. Using BCTV resistant (R) [KDH13; Line 13 and KDH4-9; Line 4] and susceptible (S) [KDH19-17; Line 19] lines, beet leafhopper mediated natural infection, mRNA/sRNA sequencing, and metabolite analyses, potential mechanisms of resistance against the virus and vector were identified. At early infection stages (2- and 6-days post inoculation), examples of differentially expressed genes highly up-regulated in the 'R' lines (vs. 'S') included EL10Ac5g10437 (inhibitor of trypsin and hageman factor), EL10Ac6g14635 (jasmonate-induced protein), EL10Ac3g06016 (ribosome related), EL10Ac2g02812 (probable prolyl 4-hydroxylase 10), etc. Pathway enrichment analysis showed differentially expressed genes were predominantly involved with peroxisome, amino acids metabolism, fatty acid degradation, amino/nucleotide sugar metabolism, etc. Metabolite analysis revealed significantly higher amounts of specific isoflavonoid O-glycosides, flavonoid 8-C glycosides, triterpenoid, and iridoid-O-glycosides in the leaves of the 'R' lines (vs. 'S'). These data suggest that a combination of transcriptional regulation and production of putative antiviral metabolites might contribute to BCTV resistance. In addition, genome divergence among BCTV strains differentially affects the production of small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) and small peptides which may potentially affect pathogenicity and disease symptom development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. Galewski
- Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, Kimberly, ID 83341, USA; (P.J.G.); (C.A.S.); (I.A.E.)
- Plant Germplasm Introduction and Testing Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Rajtilak Majumdar
- Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, Kimberly, ID 83341, USA; (P.J.G.); (C.A.S.); (I.A.E.)
| | - Matthew D. Lebar
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Regional Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA;
| | - Carl A. Strausbaugh
- Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, Kimberly, ID 83341, USA; (P.J.G.); (C.A.S.); (I.A.E.)
| | - Imad A. Eujayl
- Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, Kimberly, ID 83341, USA; (P.J.G.); (C.A.S.); (I.A.E.)
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Dutra RP, de Sousa MM, Mignoni MSPM, de Oliveira KGM, Pereira EB, Figueredo AS, da Costa AAC, Dias TG, Vasconcelos CC, Silva LA, Reis AS, Lopes AJO. Brazilian Amazon Red Propolis: Leishmanicidal Activity and Chemical Composition of a New Variety of Red Propolis. Metabolites 2023; 13:1027. [PMID: 37755307 PMCID: PMC10535413 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13091027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is caused by protozoans of the genus Leishmania, and its treatment is highly toxic, leading to treatment discontinuation and the emergence of resistant strains. In this study, we assessed the leishmanicidal activity and chemical composition of red propolis collected from the Amazon-dominated region of northern Tocantins State, Brazil. The MTT assay was employed to determine the samples' activity against Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes and their cytotoxicity against RAW macrophages. Spectrophotometric assays were utilised to measure the concentrations of total phenolics and flavonoids, while high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS) was used to determine the chemical composition. An in silico study was conducted to evaluate which compounds from Brazilian Amazon red propolis may correlate with this biological activity. Brazilian Amazon red propolis exhibited a high concentration of phenolic compounds and an inhibitory activity against L. amazonensis, with an IC50 ranging from 23.37 to 36.10 µg/mL. Moreover, fractionation of the propolis yielded a fraction with enhanced bioactivity (16.11 µg/mL). Interestingly, neither the propolis nor its most active fraction showed cytotoxicity towards macrophages at concentrations up to 200 µg/mL. The red colour and the presence of isoflavonoid components (isoflavones, isoflavans, and pterocarpans) confirm that the substance is Brazilian red propolis. However, the absence of polyprenylated benzophenones suggests that this is a new variety of Brazilian red propolis. The in silico study performed with two of the main leishmanicidal drug targets using all compounds identified in Amazon red propolis reported that liquiritigenin was the compound that exhibited the best electronic interaction parameters, which was confirmed in an assay with promastigotes using a standard. The findings indicate that Amazon red propolis possesses leishmanicidal activity, low toxicity, and significant biotechnological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Pereira Dutra
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, Federal University of Maranhão, Imperatriz 65915-240, Brazil
- Program in Health and Technology, Federal University of Maranhão, Imperatriz 65915-240, Brazil
| | - Marcos Marinho de Sousa
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, Federal University of Maranhão, Imperatriz 65915-240, Brazil
- Program in Health and Technology, Federal University of Maranhão, Imperatriz 65915-240, Brazil
| | - Maria Simone Pereira Maciel Mignoni
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, Federal University of Maranhão, Imperatriz 65915-240, Brazil
- Program in Health and Technology, Federal University of Maranhão, Imperatriz 65915-240, Brazil
| | | | - Euzineti Borges Pereira
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, Federal University of Maranhão, Imperatriz 65915-240, Brazil
| | - Aline Santana Figueredo
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunoparasitology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
- Biological and Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Maranhão, Av. dos Portugueses 1966, São Luís 65085–580, Brazil
| | - Arthur André Castro da Costa
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunoparasitology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
- Biological and Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Maranhão, Av. dos Portugueses 1966, São Luís 65085–580, Brazil
| | - Tatielle Gomes Dias
- Program in Health and Technology, Federal University of Maranhão, Imperatriz 65915-240, Brazil
| | - Cleydlenne Costa Vasconcelos
- Biological and Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Maranhão, Av. dos Portugueses 1966, São Luís 65085–580, Brazil
| | - Lucilene Amorim Silva
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunoparasitology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
- Biological and Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Maranhão, Av. dos Portugueses 1966, São Luís 65085–580, Brazil
| | - Aramys Silva Reis
- Program in Health and Technology, Federal University of Maranhão, Imperatriz 65915-240, Brazil
| | - Alberto Jorge Oliveira Lopes
- Chemistry Postgraduate Program, Federal Institute of Science Education and Technology of Maranhão, São Luís 65030-005, Brazil
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Sajid M, Kaur P. Protein Modelling Highlighted Key Catalytic Sites Involved in Position-Specific Glycosylation of Isoflavonoids. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12356. [PMID: 37569733 PMCID: PMC10418691 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are known for promiscuity towards sugar acceptors, a valuable characteristic for host plants but not desirable for heterologous biosynthesis. UGTs characterized for the O-glycosylation of isoflavonoids have shown a variable efficiency, substrate preference, and OH site specificity. Thus, 22 UGTs with reported isoflavonoid O-glycosylation activity were analyzed and ranked for OH site specificity and catalysis efficiency. Multiple-sequence alignment (MSA) showed a 33.2% pairwise identity and 4.5% identical sites among selected UGTs. MSA and phylogenetic analysis highlighted a comparatively higher amino acid substitution rate in the N-terminal domain that likely led to a higher specificity for isoflavonoids. Based on the docking score, OH site specificity, and physical and chemical features of active sites, selected UGTs were divided into three groups. A significantly high pairwise identity (67.4%) and identical sites (31.7%) were seen for group 1 UGTs. The structural and chemical composition of active sites highlighted key amino acids that likely define substrate preference, OH site specificity, and glycosylation efficiency towards selected (iso)flavonoids. In conclusion, physical and chemical parameters of active sites likely control the position-specific glycosylation of isoflavonoids. The present study will help the heterologous biosynthesis of glycosylated isoflavonoids and protein engineering efforts to improve the substrate and site specificity of UGTs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Parwinder Kaur
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, 35-Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
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Lopes Santos R, Miguêz LDS, Oliveira Castro J, Silva-Jardim I, Bastos TM, Felix de Sousa KA, Soares MBP, José de Souza A, Nascimento Santana A, Santos de Jesus A, Pereira MDG, Neta LCDS. Antileshimania, anti- Trypanosoma cruzi and antimicrobial activities of scandenin and 4'-O-methylderrone from Deguelia costata. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:2951-2956. [PMID: 36308292 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2140336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Scandenin and 4'-O-methylderrone were isolated from the ethanol extract of the roots and dichloromethane extract of the leaves of Deguelia costata (Benth.) A.M.G. Azevedo & R.A. Camargo, respectively. These compounds and their extracts had their antiprotozoal, antibacterial, antifungal, and cytotoxic activities tested. All samples were active for amastigotes of the T. cruzi, with EC50 values varying from 34.5 to 9.8 µg mL-1. The 4'-O-methylderrone and scandenin showed better leishmanicidal action against the promastigote of L. amazonensis, with EC50 of 43.3 and 45.9 µg mL-1, respectively, when compared to their extracts. All extracts and scandenin showed activities against Staphylococcus sp, Bacillus sp, and Candida sp. The compounds did not show cytotoxicity on rat macrophages. As confirmed by spectroscopic analyses, the extracts are rich in phenolics, mainly isoflavonoids. The study of D. costata is a promising strategy for discovering isoflavones and 4-hydroxy-3-phenylcoumarins with antiprotozoal, antibacterial, and antifungal activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Lopes Santos
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra I, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Rua Silveira Martins, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Lilian da Silva Miguêz
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra I, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Rua Silveira Martins, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Julyanna Oliveira Castro
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Izaltina Silva-Jardim
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Tanira Matutino Bastos
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Karoline Almeida Felix de Sousa
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Aiane Nascimento Santana
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra I, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Rua Silveira Martins, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Andreza Santos de Jesus
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra I, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Rua Silveira Martins, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Madson de Godoi Pereira
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra I, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Rua Silveira Martins, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Lourdes Cardoso de Souza Neta
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra I, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Rua Silveira Martins, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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Lu XQ, Qin S, Li J. Radical Scavenging Capability and Mechanism of Three Isoflavonoids Extracted from Radix Astragali: A Theoretical Study. Molecules 2023; 28:5039. [PMID: 37446701 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As a valuable traditional Chinese herbal medicine, Radix Astragali has attracted much attention due to its extensive pharmacological activities. In this study, density functional theory (DFT) was used thermodynamically and kinetically in detail to predict the antioxidant activity and reaction mechanisms involved in the free radical scavenging reactions of three representative isoflavonoids (formononetin, calycosin, and calycosin-7-glucoside) extracted from Radix Astragali. Three main mechanisms, including hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), proton transfer after electron transfer (SET-PT), and sequential proton loss electron transfer (SPLET) were examined by calculating the thermodynamic parameters. It was found that HAT is the predominant mechanism in the gas phase, while SPLET is supported in the solvent environment. The isoflavonoids' order of antioxidant activity was estimated as: calycosin > calycosin-7-glucoside > formononetin. For the calycosin compound, the result revealed the feasibility of double HAT mechanisms, which involve the formation of stable benzodioxazole with significantly reduced energy in the second H+/e- reaction. In addition, the potential energy profiles and kinetic calculations show that the reaction of •OH into the 3'-OH site of calycosin has a lower energy barrier (7.2 kcal/mol) and higher rate constant (4.55 × 109 M-1 s-1) compared with other reactions in the gas phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qin Lu
- Shanxi Center for Testing of Functional Agro-Products, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Shu Qin
- Shanxi Center for Testing of Functional Agro-Products, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Jindong Li
- Shanxi Center for Testing of Functional Agro-Products, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
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Saxena S, Pal L, Naik J, Singh Y, Verma PK, Chattopadhyay D, Pandey A. The R2R3-MYB-SG7 transcription factor CaMYB39 orchestrates surface phenylpropanoid metabolism and pathogen resistance in chickpea. New Phytol 2023; 238:798-816. [PMID: 36683398 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are important plant pigments and defense compounds; understanding the transcriptional regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis may enable engineering crops with improved nutrition and stress tolerance. Here, we characterize R2R3-MYB domain subgroup 7 transcription factor CaMYB39, which regulates flavonol biosynthesis primarily in chickpea trichomes. CaMYB39 overexpression in chickpea was accompanied by a change in flux availability for the phenylpropanoid pathway, particularly flavonol biosynthesis. Lines overexpressing CaMYB39 showed higher isoflavonoid levels, suggesting its role in regulating isoflavonoid pathway. CaMYB39 transactivates the transcription of early flavonoid biosynthetic genes (EBG). FLAVONOL SYNTHASE2, an EBG, encodes an enzyme with higher substrate specificity for dihydrokaempferol than other dihydroflavonols explaining the preferential accumulation of kaempferol derivatives as prominent flavonols in chickpea. Interestingly, CaMYB39 overexpression increased trichome density and enhanced the accumulation of diverse flavonol derivatives in trichome-rich tissues. Moreover, CaMYB39 overexpression reduced reactive oxygen species levels and induced defense gene expression which aids in partially blocking the penetration efficiency of the fungal pathogen, Ascochyta rabiei, resulting in lesser symptoms, thus establishing its role against deadly Ascochyta blight (AB) disease. Overall, our study reports an instance where R2R3-MYB-SG7 member, CaMYB39, besides regulating flavonol biosynthesis, modulates diverse pathways like general phenylpropanoid, isoflavonoid, trichome density, and defense against necrotrophic fungal infection in chickpea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiksha Saxena
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Lalita Pal
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Jogindra Naik
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Yeshveer Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Verma
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Debasis Chattopadhyay
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Ashutosh Pandey
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
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Kanthaliya B, Joshi A, Arora J, Alqahtani MD, Abd_Allah EF. Effect of Biotic Elicitors on the Growth, Antioxidant Activity and Metabolites Accumulation in In Vitro Propagated Shoots of Pueraria tuberosa. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:1300. [PMID: 36986988 PMCID: PMC10053785 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Pueraria tuberosa contains a wide range of bioactive compounds, including polyphenols, alkaloids, and phytosterols, which make it valuable to the pharmaceutical and food industries. Elicitor compounds trigger the defense mechanisms in plants and are widely used to increase the yield of bioactive molecules in in vitro cultures. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of biotic elicitors such as yeast extract (YE), pectin (PEC), and alginate (ALG) on growth, antioxidant activity, and metabolite accumulation in in vitro propagated shoots of P. tuberosa. The elicitors applied to shoot cultures of P. tuberosa significantly increased biomass (shoot number, fresh weight, and dry weight), and metabolites such as protein, carbohydrates, chlorophyll, total phenol (TP), and total flavonoid (TF) contents, as well as antioxidant activity compared to untreated control. Biomass, TP, and TF contents, as well as antioxidant activity, were most significant in cultures treated with 100 mg/L PEC. In contrast, chlorophyll, protein, and carbohydrate increased most in cultures treated with 200 mg/L ALG. Application of 100 mg/L of PEC led to the accumulation of high amounts of isoflavonoids including puerarin (220.69 μg/g), daidzin (2935.55 μg/g), genistin (5612 μg/g), daidzein (479.81 μg/g), and biochanin-A (111.511 μg/g) as analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Total isoflavonoids content of 100 mg/L PEC treated shoots was obtained as 9359.56 μg/g, 1.68-fold higher than in vitro propagated shoots without elicitors (5573.13 μg/g) and 2.77-fold higher than shoots of the mother plant (3380.17 μg/g). The elicitor concentrations were optimized as 200 mg/L YE, 100 mg/L PEC, and 200 mg/L ALG. Overall, this study showed that the application of different biotic elicitors resulted in better growth, antioxidant activity, and accumulation of metabolites in P. tuberosa, which could lead to obtaining phytopharmaceutical advantages in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanupriya Kanthaliya
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Technology, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur 313001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Abhishek Joshi
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Technology, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur 313001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Jaya Arora
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Technology, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur 313001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mashael Daghash Alqahtani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Umer SM, Shamim S, Khan KM, Saleem RSZ. Perplexing Polyphenolics: The Isolations, Syntheses, Reappraisals, and Bioactivities of Flavonoids, Isoflavonoids, and Neoflavonoids from 2016 to 2022. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030736. [PMID: 36983891 PMCID: PMC10058313 DOI: 10.3390/life13030736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids, isoflavonoids, neoflavonoids, and their various subcategories are polyphenolics-an extensive class of natural products. These compounds are bioactive and display multiple activities, including anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, and neuroprotective activities. Thus, these compounds can serve as leads for therapeutic agents or targets for complex synthesis; they are coveted and routinely isolated, characterized, biologically evaluated, and synthesized. However, data regarding the compounds' sources, isolation procedures, structural novelties, bioactivities, and synthetic schemes are often dispersed and complex, a dilemma this review aims to address. To serve as an easily accessible guide for researchers wanting to apprise themselves of the latest advancements in this subfield, this review summarizes seventy-six (76) articles published between 2016 and 2022 that detail the isolation and characterization of two hundred and forty-nine (249) novel compounds, the total and semisyntheses of thirteen (13) compounds, and reappraisals of the structures of twenty (20) previously reported compounds and their bioactivities. This article also discusses new synthetic methods and enzymes capable of producing or modifying flavonoids, isoflavonoids, or neoflavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Muhammad Umer
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, SBASSE, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Sector-U, DHA, Lahore 54792, Pakistan
| | - Shahbaz Shamim
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam P.O. Box 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahman Shah Zaib Saleem
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, SBASSE, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Sector-U, DHA, Lahore 54792, Pakistan
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11
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Alenezi SS, Alenezi ND, Ebiloma GU, Natto MJ, Ungogo MA, Igoli JO, Ferro VA, Gray AI, Fearnley J, Koning HP, Watson DG. The Activity of Red Nigerian Propolis and Some of Its Components against Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma congolense. Molecules 2023; 28. [PMID: 36677679 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Propolis is a resin that is gathered by bees from exudates produced by various plants. Its exact chemical composition depends on the plants available near the hive. Bees use propolis to coat the surfaces of the hive, where it acts as an anti-infective. Regardless of the chemical composition of propolis, it is always anti-protozoal, probably because protozoan parasites, particularly Lotmarium passim, are widespread in bee populations. The protozoa Trypanosoma brucei and T. congolense cause disease in humans and/or animals. The existing drugs for treating these diseases are old and resistance is an increasingly severe problem. The many types of propolis present a rich source of anti-trypanosomal compounds-from a material gathered by bees in an environmentally friendly way. In the current work, red Nigerian propolis from Rivers State, Nigeria was tested against T. brucei and T. congolense and found to be highly active (EC50 1.66 and 4.00 µg/mL, respectively). Four isoflavonoids, vestitol, neovestitol, 7-methylvestitol and medicarpin, were isolated from the propolis. The isolated compounds were also tested against T. brucei and T. congolense, and vestitol displayed the highest activity at 3.86 and 4.36 µg/mL, respectively. Activities against drug-resistant forms of T. brucei and T. congolense were similar to those against wild type.
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12
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Perez Rojo F, Pillow JJ, Kaur P. Bioprospecting microbes and enzymes for the production of pterocarpans and coumestans. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1154779. [PMID: 37187887 PMCID: PMC10175578 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1154779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The isoflavonoid derivatives, pterocarpans and coumestans, are explored for multiple clinical applications as osteo-regenerative, neuroprotective and anti-cancer agents. The use of plant-based systems to produce isoflavonoid derivatives is limited due to cost, scalability, and sustainability constraints. Microbial cell factories overcome these limitations in which model organisms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae offer an efficient platform to produce isoflavonoids. Bioprospecting microbes and enzymes can provide an array of tools to enhance the production of these molecules. Other microbes that naturally produce isoflavonoids present a novel alternative as production chassis and as a source of novel enzymes. Enzyme bioprospecting allows the complete identification of the pterocarpans and coumestans biosynthetic pathway, and the selection of the best enzymes based on activity and docking parameters. These enzymes consolidate an improved biosynthetic pathway for microbial-based production systems. In this review, we report the state-of-the-art for the production of key pterocarpans and coumestans, describing the enzymes already identified and the current gaps. We report available databases and tools for microbial bioprospecting to select the best production chassis. We propose the use of a holistic and multidisciplinary bioprospecting approach as the first step to identify the biosynthetic gaps, select the best microbial chassis, and increase productivity. We propose the use of microalgal species as microbial cell factories to produce pterocarpans and coumestans. The application of bioprospecting tools provides an exciting field to produce plant compounds such as isoflavonoid derivatives, efficiently and sustainably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Perez Rojo
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Fernando Perez Rojo, ; Parwinder Kaur,
| | - J. Jane Pillow
- UWA School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Parwinder Kaur
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Fernando Perez Rojo, ; Parwinder Kaur,
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13
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Parmagnani AS, Mannino G, Maffei ME. Transcriptomics and Metabolomics of Reactive Oxygen Species Modulation in Near-Null Magnetic Field-Induced Arabidopsis thaliana. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121824. [PMID: 36551252 PMCID: PMC9775259 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The geomagnetic field (GMF) is a natural component of Earth's biosphere. GMF reduction to near-null values (NNMF) induces gene expression modulation that generates biomolecular, morphological, and developmental changes. Here, we evaluate the effect of NNMF on gene expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in time-course experiments on Arabidopsis thaliana. Plants exposed to NNMF in a triaxial Helmholtz coils system were sampled from 10 min to 96 h to evaluate differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of oxidative stress responses by gene microarray. In 24-96 h developing stages, H2O2 and polyphenols were also analyzed from roots and shoots. A total of 194 DEGs involved in oxidative reactions were selected, many of which showed a fold change ≥±2 in at least one timing point. Heatmap clustering showed DEGs both between roots/shoots and among the different time points. NNMF induced a lower H2O2 than GMF, in agreement with the expression of ROS-related genes. Forty-four polyphenols were identified, the content of which progressively decreased during NNMF exposition time. The comparison between polyphenols content and DEGs showed overlapping patterns. These results indicate that GMF reduction induces metabolomic and transcriptomic modulation of ROS-scavenging enzymes and H2O2 production in A. thaliana, which is paralleled by the regulation of antioxidant polyphenols.
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Gupta A, Awasthi P, Sharma N, Parveen S, Vats RP, Singh N, Kumar Y, Goel A, Chandran D. Medicarpin confers powdery mildew resistance in Medicago truncatula and activates the salicylic acid signalling pathway. Mol Plant Pathol 2022; 23:966-983. [PMID: 35263504 PMCID: PMC9190973 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Powdery mildew (PM) caused by the obligate biotrophic fungal pathogen Erysiphe pisi is an economically important disease of legumes. Legumes are rich in isoflavonoids, a class of secondary metabolites whose role in PM resistance is ambiguous. Here we show that the pterocarpan medicarpin accumulates at fungal infection sites, as analysed by fluorescein-tagged medicarpin, and provides penetration and post-penetration resistance against E. pisi in Medicago truncatula in part through the activation of the salicylic acid (SA) signalling pathway. Comparative gene expression and metabolite analyses revealed an early induction of isoflavonoid biosynthesis and accumulation of the defence phytohormones SA and jasmonic acid (JA) in the highly resistant M. truncatula genotype A17 but not in moderately susceptible R108 in response to PM infection. Pretreatment of R108 leaves with medicarpin increased SA levels, SA-associated gene expression, and accumulation of hydrogen peroxide at PM infection sites, and reduced fungal penetration and colony formation. Strong parallels in the levels of medicarpin and SA, but not JA, were observed on medicarpin/SA treatment pre- or post-PM infection. Collectively, our results suggest that medicarpin and SA may act in concert to restrict E. pisi growth, providing new insights into the metabolic and signalling pathways required for PM resistance in legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunima Gupta
- Laboratory of Plant‐Microbe InteractionsRegional Centre for BiotechnologyNCR Biotech Science ClusterFaridabadHaryanaIndia
| | - Pallavi Awasthi
- Medicinal and Process ChemistryCentral Drug Research InstituteLucknowUttar PradeshIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchGhaziabadUttar PradeshIndia
| | - Neha Sharma
- Advanced Technology Platform Centre, Regional Centre for BiotechnologyFaridabadHaryanaIndia
| | - Sajiya Parveen
- Medicinal and Process ChemistryCentral Drug Research InstituteLucknowUttar PradeshIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchGhaziabadUttar PradeshIndia
| | - Ravi P. Vats
- Medicinal and Process ChemistryCentral Drug Research InstituteLucknowUttar PradeshIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchGhaziabadUttar PradeshIndia
| | - Nirpendra Singh
- Advanced Technology Platform Centre, Regional Centre for BiotechnologyFaridabadHaryanaIndia
- Present address:
Institute of Stem Cell Science and Regenerative MedicineBangaloreKarnatakaIndia
| | - Yashwant Kumar
- Translational Health Science and Technology InstituteNCR Biotech Science ClusterFaridabadHaryanaIndia
| | - Atul Goel
- Medicinal and Process ChemistryCentral Drug Research InstituteLucknowUttar PradeshIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchGhaziabadUttar PradeshIndia
| | - Divya Chandran
- Laboratory of Plant‐Microbe InteractionsRegional Centre for BiotechnologyNCR Biotech Science ClusterFaridabadHaryanaIndia
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15
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Rashid R, Kumari A, Chattopadhyay N, Jha R, Rajender S. Genistein lowers fertility with pronounced effect in males: Meta-analyses on pre-clinical studies. Andrologia 2022; 54:e14511. [PMID: 35760341 DOI: 10.1111/and.14511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Genistein, an isoflavonoid, is found in a plethora of plant-based foods, and has been approved for use in various therapies. A couple of studies in adult men observed a negative correlation between genistein exposure and reproductive parameters. To assess the effects of genistein exposure on reproduction and fertility in males and females, we performed quantitative meta-analyses by pooling data from published studies on animals that assessed various reproductive parameters. Pooled analysis showed significant decreases in sperm count in males exposed to genistein during adulthood (Hedges's g = -2.51, p = 0.013) and in utero (Hedges's g = -0.861, p = 0.016) compared with controls. In males exposed to genistein in utero, serum testosterone levels decreased (Hedges's g = -6.301, p = 0.000) and luteinizing hormone (LH) (Hedges's g = 7.127, p = 0.000) and FSH (Hedges's g = 6.19, p = 0.000) levels increased in comparison with controls. In females, the number of corpora lutea (Hedges's g = -2.103, p = 0.019) and the litter size (Hedges's g = -1.773, p-value = 0.000) decreased; however, female reproductive hormones remained unaffected. These meta-analyses show that genistein has detrimental effects on male reproductive system and on the progression and sustenance of pregnancy, with more pronounced adverse impact in males, particularly when exposed in utero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumaisa Rashid
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anamika Kumari
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Naibedya Chattopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajesh Jha
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Singh Rajender
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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16
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Yousefi-Taemeh M, Lin J, Ifa DR, Parrott W, Kovinich N. Metabolomics Differences of Glycine max QTLs Resistant to Soybean Looper. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11100710. [PMID: 34677425 PMCID: PMC8539317 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11100710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) E and M are major soybean alleles that confer resistance to leaf-chewing insects, and are particularly effective in combination. Flavonoids and/or isoflavonoids are classes of plant secondary metabolites that previous studies agree are the causative agents of resistance of these QTLs. However, all previous studies have compared soybean genotypes that are of dissimilar genetic backgrounds, leaving it questionable what metabolites are a result of the QTL rather than the genetic background. Here, we conducted a non-targeted mass spectrometry approach without liquid chromatography to identify differences in metabolite levels among QTLs E, M, and both (EM) that were introgressed into the background of the susceptible variety Benning. Our results found that E and M mainly confer low-level, global differences in distinct sets of metabolites. The isoflavonoid daidzein was the only metabolite that demonstrated major increases, specifically in insect-treated M and EM. Interestingly, M confers increased daidzein levels in response to insect, whereas E restores M’s depleted daidzein levels in the absence of insect. Since daidzein levels do not parallel levels of resistance, our data suggest a novel mechanism that the QTLs confer resistance to insects by mediating changes in hundreds of metabolites, which would be difficult for the insect to evolve tolerance. Collective global metabolite differences conferred by E and M might explain the increased resistance of EM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Yousefi-Taemeh
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (M.Y.-T.); (D.R.I.)
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada;
| | - Demian R. Ifa
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (M.Y.-T.); (D.R.I.)
| | - Wayne Parrott
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
| | - Nik Kovinich
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-416-736-2100
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Sajid M, Stone SR, Kaur P. Recent Advances in Heterologous Synthesis Paving Way for Future Green-Modular Bioindustries: A Review With Special Reference to Isoflavonoids. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:673270. [PMID: 34277582 PMCID: PMC8282456 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.673270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoflavonoids are well-known plant secondary metabolites that have gained importance in recent time due to their multiple nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications. In plants, isoflavonoids play a role in plant defense and can confer the host plant a competitive advantage to survive and flourish under environmental challenges. In animals, isoflavonoids have been found to interact with multiple signaling pathways and have demonstrated estrogenic, antioxidant and anti-oncologic activities in vivo. The activity of isoflavonoids in the estrogen pathways is such that the class has also been collectively called phytoestrogens. Over 2,400 isoflavonoids, predominantly from legumes, have been identified so far. The biosynthetic pathways of several key isoflavonoids have been established, and the genes and regulatory components involved in the biosynthesis have been characterized. The biosynthesis and accumulation of isoflavonoids in plants are regulated by multiple complex environmental and genetic factors and interactions. Due to this complexity of secondary metabolism regulation, the export and engineering of isoflavonoid biosynthetic pathways into non-endogenous plants are difficult, and instead, the microorganisms Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli have been adapted and engineered for heterologous isoflavonoid synthesis. However, the current ex-planta production approaches have been limited due to slow enzyme kinetics and traditionally laborious genetic engineering methods and require further optimization and development to address the required titers, reaction rates and yield for commercial application. With recent progress in metabolic engineering and the availability of advanced synthetic biology tools, it is envisaged that highly efficient heterologous hosts will soon be engineered to fulfill the growing market demand.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Parwinder Kaur
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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18
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Kenda M, Vegelj J, Herlah B, Perdih A, Mladěnka P, Sollner Dolenc M. Evaluation of Firefly and Renilla Luciferase Inhibition in Reporter-Gene Assays: A Case of Isoflavonoids. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6927. [PMID: 34203212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Firefly luciferase is susceptible to inhibition and stabilization by compounds under investigation for biological activity and toxicity. This can lead to false-positive results in in vitro cell-based assays. However, firefly luciferase remains one of the most commonly used reporter genes. Here, we evaluated isoflavonoids for inhibition of firefly luciferase. These natural compounds are often studied using luciferase reporter-gene assays. We used a quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) model to compare the results of in silico predictions with a newly developed in vitro assay that enables concomitant detection of inhibition of firefly and Renilla luciferases. The QSAR model predicted a moderate to high likelihood of firefly luciferase inhibition for all of the 11 isoflavonoids investigated, and the in vitro assays confirmed this for seven of them: daidzein, genistein, glycitein, prunetin, biochanin A, calycosin, and formononetin. In contrast, none of the 11 isoflavonoids inhibited Renilla luciferase. Molecular docking calculations indicated that isoflavonoids interact favorably with the D-luciferin binding pocket of firefly luciferase. These data demonstrate the importance of reporter-enzyme inhibition when studying the effects of such compounds and suggest that this in vitro assay can be used to exclude false-positives due to firefly or Renilla luciferase inhibition, and to thus define the most appropriate reporter gene.
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Podlipná R, Navrátilová M, Raisová Stuchlíková L, Moťková K, Langhansová L, Skálová L, Szotáková B. Soybean ( Glycine max) Is Able to Absorb, Metabolize and Accumulate Fenbendazole in All Organs Including Beans. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6647. [PMID: 34206260 PMCID: PMC8268216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Although manure is an important source of minerals and organic compounds it represents a certain risk of spreading the veterinary drugs in the farmland and their permeation to human food. We tested the uptake of the anthelmintic drug fenbendazole (FBZ) by soybean, a common crop plant, from the soil and its biotransformation and accumulation in different soybean organs, including beans. Soybeans were cultivated in vitro or grown in a greenhouse in pots. FBZ was extensively metabolized in roots of in vitro seedlings, where sixteen metabolites were identified, and less in leaves, where only two metabolites were found. The soybeans in greenhouse absorbed FBZ by roots and translocated it to the leaves, pods, and beans. In roots, leaves, and pods two metabolites were identified. In beans, FBZ and one metabolite was found. FBZ exposure did not affect the plant fitness or yield, but reduced activities of some antioxidant enzymes and isoflavonoids content in the beans. In conclusion, manure or biosolids containing FBZ and its metabolites represent a significant risk of these pharmaceuticals entering food consumed by humans or animal feed. In addition, the presence of these drugs in plants can affect plant metabolism, including the production of isoflavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radka Podlipná
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, 165 02 Prague, Czech Republic; (R.P.); (K.M.); (L.L.)
| | - Martina Navrátilová
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.N.); (L.R.S.); (L.S.)
| | - Lucie Raisová Stuchlíková
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.N.); (L.R.S.); (L.S.)
| | - Kateřina Moťková
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, 165 02 Prague, Czech Republic; (R.P.); (K.M.); (L.L.)
| | - Lenka Langhansová
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, 165 02 Prague, Czech Republic; (R.P.); (K.M.); (L.L.)
| | - Lenka Skálová
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.N.); (L.R.S.); (L.S.)
| | - Barbora Szotáková
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.N.); (L.R.S.); (L.S.)
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Alesawy MS, Abdallah AE, Taghour MS, Elkaeed EB, H. Eissa I, Metwaly AM. In Silico Studies of Some Isoflavonoids as Potential Candidates against COVID-19 Targeting Human ACE2 (hACE2) and Viral Main Protease (M pro). Molecules 2021; 26:2806. [PMID: 34068579 PMCID: PMC8126168 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused the "COVID-19" disease that has been declared by WHO as a global emergency. The pandemic, which emerged in China and widespread all over the world, has no specific treatment till now. The reported antiviral activities of isoflavonoids encouraged us to find out its in silico anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity. In this work, molecular docking studies were carried out to investigate the interaction of fifty-nine isoflavonoids against hACE2 and viral Mpro. Several other in silico studies including physicochemical properties, ADMET and toxicity have been preceded. The results revealed that the examined isoflavonoids bound perfectly the hACE-2 with free binding energies ranging from -24.02 to -39.33 kcal mol-1, compared to the co-crystallized ligand (-21.39 kcal mol-1). Furthermore, such compounds bound the Mpro with unique binding modes showing free binding energies ranging from -32.19 to -50.79 kcal mol-1, comparing to the co-crystallized ligand (binding energy = -62.84 kcal mol-1). Compounds 33 and 56 showed the most acceptable affinities against hACE2. Compounds 30 and 53 showed the best docking results against Mpro. In silico ADMET studies suggest that most compounds possess drug-likeness properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S. Alesawy
- Medicinal Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (A.E.A.); (M.S.T.)
| | - Abdallah E. Abdallah
- Medicinal Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (A.E.A.); (M.S.T.)
| | - Mohammed S. Taghour
- Medicinal Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (A.E.A.); (M.S.T.)
| | - Eslam B. Elkaeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim H. Eissa
- Medicinal Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (A.E.A.); (M.S.T.)
| | - Ahmed M. Metwaly
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt;
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21
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Cayetano-Salazar L, Olea-Flores M, Zuñiga-Eulogio MD, Weinstein-Oppenheimer C, Fernández-Tilapa G, Mendoza-Catalán MA, Zacapala-Gómez AE, Ortiz-Ortiz J, Ortuño-Pineda C, Navarro-Tito N. Natural isoflavonoids in invasive cancer therapy: From bench to bedside. Phytother Res 2021; 35:4092-4110. [PMID: 33720455 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a public health problem worldwide, and one of the crucial steps within tumor progression is the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells, which are directly related to cancer-associated deaths in patients. Recognizing the molecular markers involved in invasion and metastasis is essential to find targeted therapies in cancer. Interestingly, about 50% of the discovered drugs used in chemotherapy have been obtained from natural sources such as plants, including isoflavonoids. Until now, most drugs are used in chemotherapy targeting proliferation and apoptosis-related molecules. Here, we review recent studies about the effect of isoflavonoids on molecular targets and signaling pathways related to invasion and metastasis in cancer cell cultures, in vivo assays, and clinical trials. This review also reports that glycitein, daidzein, and genistein are the isoflavonoids most studied in preclinical and clinical trials and displayed the most anticancer activity targeting invasion-related proteins such as MMP-2 and MMP-9 and also EMT-associated proteins. Therefore, the diversity of isoflavonoids is promising molecules to be used as chemotherapeutic in invasive cancer. In the future, more clinical trials are needed to validate the effectiveness of the various natural isoflavonoids in the treatment of invasive cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Cayetano-Salazar
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Gro, Mexico
| | - Monserrat Olea-Flores
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Gro, Mexico
| | - Miriam D Zuñiga-Eulogio
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Gro, Mexico
| | | | - Gloria Fernández-Tilapa
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Gro, Mexico
| | - Miguel A Mendoza-Catalán
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Gro, Mexico
| | - Ana E Zacapala-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Gro, Mexico
| | - Julio Ortiz-Ortiz
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Gro, Mexico
| | - Carlos Ortuño-Pineda
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Gro, Mexico
| | - Napoleón Navarro-Tito
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Gro, Mexico
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22
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Vieira de Morais D, Rosalen PL, Ikegaki M, de Souza Silva AP, Massarioli AP, de Alencar SM. Active Antioxidant Phenolics from Brazilian Red Propolis: An Optimization Study for Their Recovery and Identification by LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020297. [PMID: 33669251 PMCID: PMC7919790 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Brazilian red propolis (BRP) is a natural product widely known for its phenolic composition and strong antioxidant properties. In this study, we used the Box–Behnken Design (BBD) with Surface Response Methodology to optimize the extraction conditions for total phenolic content (TPC) and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity(TEAC) of bioactive phenolics from BRP. The extraction time, ethanol/water concentration and temperature, were tested. All variables had significant effects (p ≤ 0.05), with a desirability coefficient of 0.88. Under optimized conditions (90% ethanol at 80 °C for 30 min), the BRP extract showed a TPC of 129.00 ± 2.16 mg GAE/g and a TEAC of 3471.76 ± 53.86 µmol TE/g. Moreover, FRAP and ORAC assays revealed that the optimized BRP extract had 1472.86 ± 72.37 µmol Fe2+/g and 4339.61 ± 114.65 µmol TE/gof dry weight, respectively. Thirty-two phenolic compounds were tentatively identified by LC-QTOF-ESI-MS/MS, of which thirteen were found for the first time in BRP, including four flavones, one flavanol, two flavanones, two chalcones, and four isoflavonoids. Thus, our results highlight the importance of BRP as a source of a wide variety of phenolic compounds with significant antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Vieira de Morais
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP 13416-000, Brazil;
| | - Pedro Luiz Rosalen
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, MG 37130-001, Brazil; (P.L.R.); (M.I.)
| | - Masaharu Ikegaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, MG 37130-001, Brazil; (P.L.R.); (M.I.)
| | - Anna Paula de Souza Silva
- Department of Agri-Food Industry, Food and Nutrition, ‘Luiz de Queiroz’ College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP 13416-000, Brazil; (A.P.d.S.S.); (A.P.M.)
| | - Adna Prado Massarioli
- Department of Agri-Food Industry, Food and Nutrition, ‘Luiz de Queiroz’ College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP 13416-000, Brazil; (A.P.d.S.S.); (A.P.M.)
| | - Severino Matias de Alencar
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP 13416-000, Brazil;
- Department of Agri-Food Industry, Food and Nutrition, ‘Luiz de Queiroz’ College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP 13416-000, Brazil; (A.P.d.S.S.); (A.P.M.)
- Correspondence:
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23
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Malla A, Shanmugaraj B, Srinivasan B, Sharma A, Ramalingam S. Metabolic Engineering of Isoflavonoid Biosynthesis by Expressing Glycine max Isoflavone Synthase in Allium cepa L. for Genistein Production. Plants (Basel) 2020; 10:E52. [PMID: 33383660 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Isoflavonoids, the diverse group of secondary metabolites derived from the phenylpropanoid pathway, are distributed predominantly in leguminous plants and play a vital role in promoting human health. Genetic engineering of the metabolite synthesis pathway has turned out to be an attractive approach for the production of various secondary metabolites. In our study, we attempted to produce the isoflavone genistein, a well-known health-promoting metabolite, in Allium cepa L. (onion) by introducing Glycine max Isoflavone synthase (GmIFS). The GmIFS gene was cloned into the pEarleyGate 102 HA vector and transformed into onion by Agrobacterium-mediated and biolistic methods. The presence of GmIFS in transgenic onion was confirmed by PCR, dot blot, and Southern hybridization. Analysis of the transgenic onion calli lines demonstrated that the expression of the GmIFS gene led to the production of isoflavone genistein in in vitro tissues. The biolistic stable transformed calli with transformation efficiency of 73% (62.65 nM/g FW) accumulated more genistein than the Agrobacterium stable transformed calli with transformation efficiency of 56% (42.5 nM/g FW). Overall, heterologous gene expression of GmIFS was demonstrated by modifying the secondary metabolite pathway in onion tissues for the production of isoflavone genistein that can boost up human health with its health-promoting properties.
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24
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Ahmed QU, Ali AHM, Mukhtar S, Alsharif MA, Parveen H, Sabere ASM, Nawi MSM, Khatib A, Siddiqui MJ, Umar A, Alhassan AM. Medicinal Potential of Isoflavonoids: Polyphenols That May Cure Diabetes. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235491. [PMID: 33255206 PMCID: PMC7727648 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there is emerging evidence that isoflavonoids, either dietary or obtained from traditional medicinal plants, could play an important role as a supplementary drug in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) due to their reported pronounced biological effects in relation to multiple metabolic factors associated with diabetes. Hence, in this regard, we have comprehensively reviewed the potential biological effects of isoflavonoids, particularly biochanin A, genistein, daidzein, glycitein, and formononetin on metabolic disorders and long-term complications induced by T2DM in order to understand whether they can be future candidates as a safe antidiabetic agent. Based on in-depth in vitro and in vivo studies evaluations, isoflavonoids have been found to activate gene expression through the stimulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) (α, γ), modulate carbohydrate metabolism, regulate hyperglycemia, induce dyslipidemia, lessen insulin resistance, and modify adipocyte differentiation and tissue metabolism. Moreover, these natural compounds have also been found to attenuate oxidative stress through the oxidative signaling process and inflammatory mechanism. Hence, isoflavonoids have been envisioned to be able to prevent and slow down the progression of long-term diabetes complications including cardiovascular disease, nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy. Further thoroughgoing investigations in human clinical studies are strongly recommended to obtain the optimum and specific dose and regimen required for supplementation with isoflavonoids and derivatives in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qamar Uddin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang DM, Malaysia; (A.H.M.A); (A.S.M.S.); (M.S.M.N.); (A.K.); (M.J.S.)
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang DM, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (Q.U.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Abdul Hasib Mohd Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang DM, Malaysia; (A.H.M.A); (A.S.M.S.); (M.S.M.N.); (A.K.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Sayeed Mukhtar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.); (H.P.)
- Correspondence: (Q.U.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Meshari A. Alsharif
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.); (H.P.)
| | - Humaira Parveen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.); (H.P.)
| | - Awis Sukarni Mohmad Sabere
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang DM, Malaysia; (A.H.M.A); (A.S.M.S.); (M.S.M.N.); (A.K.); (M.J.S.)
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang DM, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed Sufian Mohd. Nawi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang DM, Malaysia; (A.H.M.A); (A.S.M.S.); (M.S.M.N.); (A.K.); (M.J.S.)
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang DM, Malaysia
| | - Alfi Khatib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang DM, Malaysia; (A.H.M.A); (A.S.M.S.); (M.S.M.N.); (A.K.); (M.J.S.)
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang DM, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Jamshed Siddiqui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang DM, Malaysia; (A.H.M.A); (A.S.M.S.); (M.S.M.N.); (A.K.); (M.J.S.)
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang DM, Malaysia
| | - Abdulrashid Umar
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P M B: 2436 Sokoto, Nigeria; (A.U.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Alhassan Muhammad Alhassan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P M B: 2436 Sokoto, Nigeria; (A.U.); (A.M.A.)
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25
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Wang JF, Liu SS, Song ZQ, Xu TC, Liu CS, Hou YG, Huang R, Wu SH. Naturally Occurring Flavonoids and Isoflavonoids and Their Microbial Transformation: A Review. Molecules 2020; 25:E5112. [PMID: 33153224 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids and isoflavonoids are polyphenolic secondary metabolites usually produced by plants adapting to changing ecological environments over a long period of time. Therefore, their biosynthesis pathways are considered as the most distinctive natural product pathway in plants. Seemingly, the flavonoids and isoflavones from fungi and actinomycetes have been relatively overlooked. In this review, we summarized and classified the isoflavones and flavonoids derived from fungi and actinomycetes and described their biological activities. Increasing attention has been paid to bioactive substances derived from microorganism whole-cell biotransformation. Additionally, we described the utilization of isoflavones and flavonoids as substrates by fungi and actinomycetes for biotransformation through hydroxylation, methylation, halogenation, glycosylation, dehydrogenation, cyclisation, and hydrogenation reactions to obtain rare and highly active biofunctional derivatives. Overall, among all microorganisms, actinomycetes are the main producers of flavonoids. In our review, we also summarized the functional genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis.
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26
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Zakłos-Szyda M, Gałązka-Czarnecka I, Grzelczyk J, Budryn G. Cicer arietinum L. Sprouts' Influence on Mineralization of Saos-2 and Migration of MCF-7 Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194490. [PMID: 33007937 PMCID: PMC7583992 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the biological activity of four extracts obtained from Cicer arietinum L. sprouts. The fermentation of the sprouts with Lactobacillus casei and their incubation with β-glucosidase elevated the concentrations of isoflavonoids, especially coumestrol, formononetin and biochanin A. To study the biological activity of C. arietinum, the human osteosarcoma Saos-2 and human breast cancer MCF-7 cell lines were used. The extracts obtained from fermented sprouts exhibited the strongest ability to decrease intracellular oxidative stress in both types of cells. They augmented mineralization and alkaline phosphatase activity in Saos-2 cells, as well as diminished the secretion of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor α. Simultaneously, the extracts, at the same doses, inhibited the migration of MCF-7 cells. On the other hand, elevated concentrations of C. arietinum induced apoptosis in estrogen-dependent MCF-7 cells, while lower doses stimulated cell proliferation. These results are important for carefully considering the use of fermented C. arietinum sprouts as a dietary supplement component for the prevention of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Zakłos-Szyda
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Ilona Gałązka-Czarnecka
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (I.G.-C.); (J.G.); (G.B.)
| | - Joanna Grzelczyk
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (I.G.-C.); (J.G.); (G.B.)
| | - Grażyna Budryn
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (I.G.-C.); (J.G.); (G.B.)
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27
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da Silva Cunha TT, de Souza FR, de Sena Murteira Pinheiro P, de Sant'Anna CMR, Noël F, Costa França TC, Manssour Fraga CA. Investigating the Molecular Basis for the Selective Inhibition of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 by the Isoflavonoid Daidzin. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 2020; 19:437-447. [PMID: 32811404 DOI: 10.2174/1871527319999200817153150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ALDH-2 has been considered an important molecular target for the treatment of drug addiction due to its involvement in the metabolism of the neurotransmitter dopamine: however, the molecular basis for the selective inhibition of ALDH-2 versus ALDH-1 should be better investigated to enable a more pragmatic approach to the design of novel ALDH-2 selective inhibitors. OBJECTIVE In the present study, we investigated the molecular basis for the selective inhibition of ALDH-2 by the antioxidant isoflavonoid daidzin (IC50 = 0.15 μM) compared to isoform 1 of ALDH through molecular dynamics studies and semiempirical calculations of the enthalpy of interaction. METHODS The applied methodology consisted of performing the molecular docking of daidzin in the structures of ALDH-1 and ALDH-2 and submitting the lower energy complexes obtained to semiempirical calculations and dynamic molecular simulations. RESULTS Daidzin in complex with ALDH-2 presented directed and more specific interactions, resulting in stronger bonds in energetic terms and, therefore, in enthalpic gain. Moreover, the hydrophobic subunits of daidzin, in a conformationally more restricted environment (such as the catalytic site of ALDH-2), promote the better organization of the water molecules when immersed in the solvent, also resulting in an entropic gain. CONCLUSION The molecular basis of selective inhibition of ALDH-2 by isoflavonoids and related compounds could be related to a more favorable equilibrium relationship between enthalpic and entropic features. The results described herein expand the available knowledge regarding the physiopathological and therapeutic mechanisms associated with drug addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thayssa Tavares da Silva Cunha
- Laboratory of Evaluation and Synthesis of Bioactive Substances (LASSBio), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil,Graduate Program in Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Felipe Rodrigues de Souza
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Applied to the Chemical and Biological Defense (LMACBD), Military Institute of Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Pedro de Sena Murteira Pinheiro
- Laboratory of Evaluation and Synthesis of Bioactive Substances (LASSBio), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil,Graduate Program in Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos Maurício Rabello de Sant'Anna
- Laboratory of Evaluation and Synthesis of Bioactive Substances (LASSBio), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil,Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - François Noël
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil,Laboratory of Molecular Biochemical and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tanos Celmar Costa França
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Applied to the Chemical and Biological Defense (LMACBD), Military Institute of Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil,Center for Basic and Applied Research, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Carlos Alberto Manssour Fraga
- Laboratory of Evaluation and Synthesis of Bioactive Substances (LASSBio), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil,Graduate Program in Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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28
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Navrátilová M, Raisová Stuchlíková L, Moťková K, Szotáková B, Skálová L, Langhansová L, Podlipná R. The Uptake of Ivermectin and Its Effects in Roots, Leaves and Seeds of Soybean ( Glycine max). Molecules 2020; 25:E3655. [PMID: 32796616 PMCID: PMC7466097 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years interest has grown in the occurrence and the effects of pharmaceuticals in the environment. The aim of this work is to evaluate the risk of fertilizing crops with manure from livestock treated with anthelmintics. The present study was designed to follow the fate of the commonly used anthelmintic drug, ivermectin (IVM) and its metabolites in soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), a plant that is grown and consumed world-wide for its high content of nutritional and health-beneficial substances. In vitro plantlets and soybean plants, cultivated in a greenhouse, were used for this purpose. Our results showed the uptake of IVM and its translocation to the leaves, but not in the pods and the beans. Four IVM metabolites were detected in the roots, and one in the leaves. IVM exposure decreased slightly the number and weight of the beans and induced changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes. In addition, the presence of IVM affected the proportion of individual isoflavones and reduced the content of isoflavones aglycones, which might decrease the therapeutic value of soybeans. Fertilization of soybean fields with manure from IVM-treated animals appears to be safe for humans, due to the absence of IVM in beans, the food part of plants. On the other hand, it could negatively affect soybean plants and herbivorous invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Navrátilová
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.N.); (L.R.S.); (B.S.); (L.S.)
| | - Lucie Raisová Stuchlíková
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.N.); (L.R.S.); (B.S.); (L.S.)
| | - Kateřina Moťková
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, 165 02 Praha 6-Lysolaje, Czech Republic; (K.M.); (L.L.)
| | - Barbora Szotáková
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.N.); (L.R.S.); (B.S.); (L.S.)
| | - Lenka Skálová
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.N.); (L.R.S.); (B.S.); (L.S.)
| | - Lenka Langhansová
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, 165 02 Praha 6-Lysolaje, Czech Republic; (K.M.); (L.L.)
| | - Radka Podlipná
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, 165 02 Praha 6-Lysolaje, Czech Republic; (K.M.); (L.L.)
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29
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García-Calderón M, Pérez-Delgado CM, Palove-Balang P, Betti M, Márquez AJ. Flavonoids and Isoflavonoids Biosynthesis in the Model Legume Lotus japonicus; Connections to Nitrogen Metabolism and Photorespiration. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:plants9060774. [PMID: 32575698 PMCID: PMC7357106 DOI: 10.3390/plants9060774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Phenylpropanoid metabolism represents an important metabolic pathway from which originates a wide number of secondary metabolites derived from phenylalanine or tyrosine, such as flavonoids and isoflavonoids, crucial molecules in plants implicated in a large number of biological processes. Therefore, various types of interconnection exist between different aspects of nitrogen metabolism and the biosynthesis of these compounds. For legumes, flavonoids and isoflavonoids are postulated to play pivotal roles in adaptation to their biological environments, both as defensive compounds (phytoalexins) and as chemical signals in symbiotic nitrogen fixation with rhizobia. In this paper, we summarize the recent progress made in the characterization of flavonoid and isoflavonoid biosynthetic pathways in the model legume Lotus japonicus (Regel) Larsen under different abiotic stress situations, such as drought, the impairment of photorespiration and UV-B irradiation. Emphasis is placed on results obtained using photorespiratory mutants deficient in glutamine synthetase. The results provide different types of evidence showing that an enhancement of isoflavonoid compared to standard flavonol metabolism frequently occurs in Lotus under abiotic stress conditions. The advance produced in the analysis of isoflavonoid regulatory proteins by the use of co-expression networks, particularly MYB transcription factors, is also described. The results obtained in Lotus japonicus plants can be also extrapolated to other cultivated legume species, such as soybean, of extraordinary agronomic importance with a high impact in feeding, oil production and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita García-Calderón
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Calle Profesor García González, 1, 41012-Sevilla, Spain; (M.G.-C.); (C.M.P.-D.); (M.B.)
| | - Carmen M. Pérez-Delgado
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Calle Profesor García González, 1, 41012-Sevilla, Spain; (M.G.-C.); (C.M.P.-D.); (M.B.)
| | - Peter Palove-Balang
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Mánesova 23, SK-04001 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Marco Betti
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Calle Profesor García González, 1, 41012-Sevilla, Spain; (M.G.-C.); (C.M.P.-D.); (M.B.)
| | - Antonio J. Márquez
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Calle Profesor García González, 1, 41012-Sevilla, Spain; (M.G.-C.); (C.M.P.-D.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-954557145
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Sardans J, Gargallo-Garriga A, Urban O, Klem K, Walker TW, Holub P, Janssens IA, Peñuelas J. Ecometabolomics for a Better Understanding of Plant Responses and Acclimation to Abiotic Factors Linked to Global Change. Metabolites 2020; 10:E239. [PMID: 32527044 PMCID: PMC7345909 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10060239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of ecometabolomic studies, which use metabolomic analyses to disentangle organisms' metabolic responses and acclimation to a changing environment, has grown exponentially in recent years. Here, we review the results and conclusions of ecometabolomic studies on the impacts of four main drivers of global change (increasing frequencies of drought episodes, heat stress, increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations and increasing nitrogen (N) loads) on plant metabolism. Ecometabolomic studies of drought effects confirmed findings of previous target studies, in which most changes in metabolism are characterized by increased concentrations of soluble sugars and carbohydrate derivatives and frequently also by elevated concentrations of free amino acids. Secondary metabolites, especially flavonoids and terpenes, also commonly exhibited increased concentrations when drought intensified. Under heat and increasing N loads, soluble amino acids derived from glutamate and glutamine were the most responsive metabolites. Foliar metabolic responses to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations were dominated by greater production of monosaccharides and associated synthesis of secondary metabolites, such as terpenes, rather than secondary metabolites synthesized along longer sugar pathways involving N-rich precursor molecules, such as those formed from cyclic amino acids and along the shikimate pathway. We suggest that breeding for crop genotypes tolerant to drought and heat stress should be based on their capacity to increase the concentrations of C-rich compounds more than the concentrations of smaller N-rich molecules, such as amino acids. This could facilitate rapid and efficient stress response by reducing protein catabolism without compromising enzymatic capacity or increasing the requirement for re-transcription and de novo biosynthesis of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Sardans
- Spain National Research Council (CSIC), Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (A.G.-G.); (J.P.)
- Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF) Institute, 08193 Cerdanyola del vallès, Spain
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-60300 Brno, Czech Republic; (O.U.); (K.K.); (P.H.)
| | - Albert Gargallo-Garriga
- Spain National Research Council (CSIC), Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (A.G.-G.); (J.P.)
- Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF) Institute, 08193 Cerdanyola del vallès, Spain
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-60300 Brno, Czech Republic; (O.U.); (K.K.); (P.H.)
| | - Otmar Urban
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-60300 Brno, Czech Republic; (O.U.); (K.K.); (P.H.)
| | - Karel Klem
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-60300 Brno, Czech Republic; (O.U.); (K.K.); (P.H.)
| | - Tom W.N. Walker
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland;
| | - Petr Holub
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-60300 Brno, Czech Republic; (O.U.); (K.K.); (P.H.)
| | - Ivan A. Janssens
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium;
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- Spain National Research Council (CSIC), Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (A.G.-G.); (J.P.)
- Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF) Institute, 08193 Cerdanyola del vallès, Spain
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-60300 Brno, Czech Republic; (O.U.); (K.K.); (P.H.)
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Ccana-Ccapatinta GV, Mejía JAA, Tanimoto MH, Groppo M, Carvalho JCAS, Bastos JK. Dalbergia ecastaphyllum (L.) Taub. and Symphonia globulifera L.f.: The Botanical Sources of Isoflavonoids and Benzophenones in Brazilian Red Propolis. Molecules 2020; 25:E2060. [PMID: 32354180 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The Brazilian red propolis (BRP) constitutes an important commercial asset for northeast Brazilian beekeepers. The role of Dalbergia ecastaphyllum (L.) Taub. (Fabaceae) as the main botanical source of this propolis has been previously confirmed. However, in addition to isoflavonoids and other phenolics, which are present in the resin of D. ecastaphyllum, samples of BRP are reported to contain substantial amounts of polyprenylated benzophenones, whose botanical source was unknown. Therefore, field surveys, phytochemical and chromatographic analyses were undertaken to confirm the botanical sources of the red propolis produced in apiaries located in Canavieiras, Bahia, Brazil. The results confirmed D. ecastaphyllum as the botanical source of liquiritigenin (1), isoliquiritigenin (2), formononetin (3), vestitol (4), neovestitol (5), medicarpin (6), and 7-O-neovestitol (7), while Symphonia globulifera L.f. (Clusiaceae) is herein reported for the first time as the botanical source of polyprenylated benzophenones, mainly guttiferone E (8) and oblongifolin B (9), as well as the triterpenoids β-amyrin (10) and glutinol (11). The chemotaxonomic and economic significance of the occurrence of polyprenylated benzophenones in red propolis is discussed.
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Sarno F, Pepe G, Termolino P, Carafa V, Massaro C, Merciai F, Campiglia P, Nebbioso A, Altucci L. Trifolium Repens Blocks Proliferation in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia via the BCR-ABL/STAT5 Pathway. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020379. [PMID: 32041350 PMCID: PMC7072565 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Some species of clover are reported to have beneficial effects in human diseases. However, little is known about the activity of the forage plant Trifolium repens, or white clover, which has been recently found to exert a hepatoprotective action. Scientific interest is increasingly focused on identifying new drugs, especially natural products and their derivatives, to treat human diseases including cancer. We analyzed the anticancer effects of T. repens in several cancer cell lines. The phytochemical components of T. repens were first extracted in a methanol solution and then separated into four fractions by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography. The effects of the total extract and each fraction on cancer cell proliferation were analyzed by MTT assay and Western blotting. T. repens and, more robustly, its isoflavonoid-rich fraction showed high cytotoxic effects in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) K562 cells, with IC50 values of 1.67 and 0.092 mg/mL, respectively. The block of cell growth was associated with a total inhibition of BCR-ABL/STAT5 and activation of the p38 signaling pathways. In contrast, these strongly cytotoxic effects did not occur in normal cells. Our findings suggest that the development of novel compounds derived from phytochemical molecules contained in Trifolium might lead to the identification of new therapeutic agents active against CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Sarno
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (F.S.); (V.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Giacomo Pepe
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (G.P.); (F.M.); (P.C.)
| | - Pasquale Termolino
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Carafa
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (F.S.); (V.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Crescenzo Massaro
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (F.S.); (V.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Fabrizio Merciai
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (G.P.); (F.M.); (P.C.)
- PhD Program in Drug Discovery and Development, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Pietro Campiglia
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (G.P.); (F.M.); (P.C.)
- European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno, 84125 Salerno, Italy
| | - Angela Nebbioso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (F.S.); (V.C.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (L.A.); Tel.: +39-0815665682 (A.N.); +39-0815667569 (L.A.); Fax: +39-081450169 (A.N. & L.A.)
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (F.S.); (V.C.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (L.A.); Tel.: +39-0815665682 (A.N.); +39-0815667569 (L.A.); Fax: +39-081450169 (A.N. & L.A.)
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Mu PP, An Q, Zhang YZ, Guo L, Guo M, Zheng YG, Zhang D. [Determination of 9 isoflavonoids in Puerariae Lobatae Radix with quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2019; 44:4888-4895. [PMID: 31872597 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20190812.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A method for determination of 9 isoflavones in Puerariae Lobatae Radix was established and the accuracy and feasibility of the method were verified. The relative correction factors of eight isoflavonoids,3'-hydroxy puerarin,puerarinapioside,3'-methoxy puerarin,puerarin 6″-O-xyloside,daidzin,genistin,formononetin and daidzein were determined by HPLC method with puerarin as the internal standard. The contents of 9 isoflavonoids in 11 batches of samples were determined by external standard method and QAMS.The accuracy and feasibility of the methods were evaluated by comparison of the quantitative results between external standard method and QAMS. The reproducibility of the relative correction factors was good under different experimental conditions,and there was no significant difference between the external standard method of the 9 compounds and the content of QAMS method. The results showed that using puerarin as an internal standard to simultaneously determine the 8 isoflavonoids mentioned above is accurate and feasible. Thus,it can be used as quality control of Puerariae Lobatae Radix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan-Pan Mu
- College of Pharmacy,Hebei University of Chinese Medicine Shijiazhuang 050200,China
| | - Qi An
- College of Pharmacy,Hebei University of Chinese Medicine Shijiazhuang 050200,China
| | - Yan-Zhao Zhang
- College of Pharmacy,Hebei University of Chinese Medicine Shijiazhuang 050200,China
| | - Long Guo
- College of Pharmacy,Hebei University of Chinese Medicine Shijiazhuang 050200,China
| | - Mei Guo
- College of Pharmacy,Hebei University of Chinese Medicine Shijiazhuang 050200,China
| | - Yu-Guang Zheng
- College of Pharmacy,Hebei University of Chinese Medicine Shijiazhuang 050200,China
| | - Dan Zhang
- College of Pharmacy,Hebei University of Chinese Medicine Shijiazhuang 050200,China
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Tang D, Cao DM, Tan LF, Xu YH, Duan TT, Zhu Q, Wang SM. [Simultaneous determination of 8 bioactive isoflavonoids in Astragali Radix by UHPLC equipped with core-shell column]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2019; 44:1410-1415. [PMID: 31090299 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20190118.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This research aims to develop an UHPLC method, based on core-shell column(i.e. superficially porous particles), for simultaneous determination of eight isoflavonoids including formononetin,(6αR,11αR)-3-hydroxy-9,10-dimethoxypterocarpan, calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,(3R)-7,2-dihydroxy-3,4-dimethoxyisoflavone, calycosin, ononin,(6αR,11αR)-9,10-dimethoxypterocarpan-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, and(3R)-7,2-dihydroxy-3,4-dimethoxyisoflavan-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside in Astragali Radix. The analysis was performed on an Agilent Poroshell EC-C_(18 )column(2.1 mm×100 mm, 2.7 μm) with 0.2% formic acid solution(A)-acetonitrile(B) as mobile phase for gradient elution. The flow rate was 0.5 mL·min~(-1), with column temperature of 40 ℃ and the wavelengths were set at 260 and 280 nm. According to the results, all calibration curves showed good linearity(R~2>0.999 8) within the tested concentration ranges. Both the intra-and inter-day precisions for 8 isoflavonoids were less than 0.80%, with the mean recovery at the range of 94.71%-104.6%. Thus, the newly developed UHPLC method using core-shell column owned the advantages in terms of rapid analysis, low column pressure and less solvent consumption, thus enabling the usage of conventional HPLC systems. Meanwhile, quantitative evaluation was carried out for 22 batches of commercial Astragali Radix. It has been found that great variations occurred for the content of the individual isoflavonoids among different batches; in contrast, the total content of total 8 isoflavonoids(>0.1%) was stable in most samples, indicating that it was reasonable to involve all isoflavonoids as the chemical markers for the quality control of Astragali Radix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Tang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006, China Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of SATCM Guangzhou 510006, China Engineering Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of Guangdong Province Guangzhou 510006, China Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dong-Min Cao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006, China Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of SATCM Guangzhou 510006, China Engineering Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of Guangdong Province Guangzhou 510006, China Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lan-Fang Tan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006, China Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of SATCM Guangzhou 510006, China Engineering Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of Guangdong Province Guangzhou 510006, China Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - You-Hua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine,Macau University of Science and Technology Macau 999078, China
| | - Ting-Ting Duan
- Institute of Consun Co.for Chinese Medicine in Kidney Diseases,Guangdong Consun Pharmaceutical Group Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine,Macau University of Science and Technology Macau 999078, China Institute of Consun Co.for Chinese Medicine in Kidney Diseases,Guangdong Consun Pharmaceutical Group Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Shu-Mei Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006, China Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of SATCM Guangzhou 510006, China Engineering Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of Guangdong Province Guangzhou 510006, China Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province Guangzhou 510006, China
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Anguraj Vadivel AK, Renaud J, Kagale S, Dhaubhadel S. GmMYB176 Regulates Multiple Steps in Isoflavonoid Biosynthesis in Soybean. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:562. [PMID: 31130975 PMCID: PMC6509752 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Isoflavonoids are a group of plant natural compounds synthesized almost exclusively by legumes, and are abundant in soybean seeds and roots. They play important roles in plant-microbial interactions and the induction of nod gene expression in Rhizobia that form nitrogen-fixing nodules on soybean roots. Isoflavonoids also contribute to the positive health effects associated with soybean consumption by humans and animals. An R1 MYB transcription factor GmMYB176 regulates isoflavonoid biosynthesis by activating chalcone synthase (CHS) 8 gene expression in soybean. Using a combination of transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of GmMYB176-RNAi silenced (GmMYB176-Si), GmMYB176-overexpressed (GmMYB176-OE), and control soybean hairy roots, we identified a total of 33 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 995 differentially produced metabolite features (DPMF) in GmMYB176-Si hairy roots, and 5727 DEGs and 149 DPMFs in GmMYB176-OE hairy roots. By a targeted approach, 25 isoflavonoid biosynthetic genes and 6 metabolites were identified as differentially regulated in GmMYB176-OE and GmMYB176-Si soybean hairy roots. Taken together, our results demonstrate the complexity of isoflavonoid biosynthesis in soybean roots and suggest that a coordinated expression of pathway genes, substrate flux and product threshold level may contribute to the dynamic of the pathway regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumaran Anguraj Vadivel
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Justin Renaud
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Sangeeta Dhaubhadel
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Sangeeta Dhaubhadel,
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Wang X, Li C, Zhou Z, Zhang Y. Identification of Three (Iso)flavonoid Glucosyltransferases From Pueraria lobata. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:28. [PMID: 30761172 PMCID: PMC6362427 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
(Iso)flavonoids are one of the largest groups of natural phenolic products conferring great value to the health of plants and humans. Pueraria lobata, a legume, has long been used in Chinese traditional medicine. (Iso)flavonoids mainly present as glycosyl-conjugates and accumulate in P. lobata roots. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the glycosylation processes in (iso)flavonoid biosynthesis are not fully understood. In the current study, three novel UDP-glycosyltransferases (PlUGT4, PlUGT15, and PlUGT57) were identified in P. lobata from RNA-seq data. Biochemical assays of these three recombinant PlUGTs showed all of them were able to glycosylate isoflavones (genistein and daidzein) at the 7-hydroxyl position in vitro. In comparison with the strict substrate specificity for PlUGT15 and PlUGT57, PlUGT4 displayed utilization of a broad range of sugar acceptors. Particularly, PlUGT15 exhibited a much higher catalytic efficiency toward isoflavones (genistein and daidzein) than any other identified 7-O-UGT from P. lobata. Moreover, the transcriptional expression patterns of these PlUGTs correlated with the accumulation of isoflavone glucosides in MeJA-treated P. lobata, suggesting their possible in vivo roles in the glycosylation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Changfu Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, Research Center for Natural Products, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zilin Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yansheng Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, Research Center for Natural Products, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yansheng Zhang,
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Sukumaran A, McDowell T, Chen L, Renaud J, Dhaubhadel S. Isoflavonoid-specific prenyltransferase gene family in soybean: GmPT01, a pterocarpan 2-dimethylallyltransferase involved in glyceollin biosynthesis. Plant J 2018; 96:966-981. [PMID: 30195273 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Phytoalexin glyceollins are soybean-specific antimicrobial compounds that are derived from the isoflavonoid pathway. They are synthesized by soybean in response to extrinsic stress such as pathogen attack or injury, thereby conferring partial resistance if synthesized rapidly at the site of infection and at the required concentration. Soybean produces multiple forms of glyceollins that result from the differential prenylation reaction catalyzed by prenyltransferases (PTs) on either the C-2 or C-4 carbon of a pterocarpan glycinol. The soybean genome contains 77 PT-encoding genes (GmPTs) where at least 11 are (iso)flavonoid-specific. Transcript accumulation of five candidates GmPTs was increased in response to Phytophthora sojae infection, suggesting their role in phytoalexin synthesis. The induced GmPTs localize to plastids and display tissue-specific expression. We have in this study identified two additional GmPTs: an isoflavone dimethylallyltransferase 3 (IDT3); and a glycinol 2-dimethylallyl transferase GmPT01. GmPT01 prenylates (-)-glycinol at the C-2 position, localizes in the plastid, and exhibits root-specific gene expression. Furthermore, its expression is induced rapidly in response to stress, and is associated with a quantitative trait loci linked with resistance to P. sojae. Based on these results, we conclude that GmPT01 are possibly one of the loci involved in conferring partial resistance against stem and root rot disease in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Sukumaran
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, 1391 Sandford Street, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Tim McDowell
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, 1391 Sandford Street, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ling Chen
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, 1391 Sandford Street, London, ON, Canada
| | - Justin Renaud
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, 1391 Sandford Street, London, ON, Canada
| | - Sangeeta Dhaubhadel
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, 1391 Sandford Street, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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Hu W, Shao Q, Xi X, Chu Q, Lan T, Che F, Liu Y, Lu Y, Wei Y. A general gas-assisted three-liquid-phase extraction method for separation and concentration of puerarin, 3'-methoxydaidzin, puerarinxyloside, daidzin and daidzein from puerariae extract. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 33:e4390. [PMID: 30238674 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a general and novel separation technique gas-assisted three-liquid-phase extraction was established and applied in separating and concentrating isoflavonoids from the actual sample of puerariae extract by one step. For the gas-assisted three-liquid-phase extraction method, optimal conditions were selected: polyethylene glycol 2000 and ethyl acetate as the flotation solvent, pH 5, (NH4 )2 SO4 concentration 350 g/L in aqueous phase, N2 flow rate 30 mL/min, flotation time 50 min, and flotation twice. Five isoflavonoids compounds puerarin, 3'-methoxydaidzin, puerarinxyloside, daidzin and daidzein were separated with recoveries of 82, 84, 80, 88 and 89%, respectively. The separated products were purified by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography, and the purity of the final products was >96%. The established general gas-assisted three-liquid-phase extraction was used to separate anthraquinones from Cassiae Semen under the optimal conditions, and the recoveries were >75%. The experimental results showed that the established gas-assisted three-liquid-phase extraction method is a general technique for separating active compounds from herb extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingjun Xi
- China National Institute of Standardization, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao Chu
- China National Institute of Standardization, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Lan
- China National Institute of Standardization, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenfang Che
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanzhen Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Mameda R, Waki T, Kawai Y, Takahashi S, Nakayama T. Involvement of chalcone reductase in the soybean isoflavone metabolon: identification of GmCHR5, which interacts with 2-hydroxyisoflavanone synthase. Plant J 2018; 96:56-74. [PMID: 29979476 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max) 5-deoxyisoflavonoids (daidzein and its conjugates) are precursors of glyceollin phytoalexins. They are also converted to equol by microbes in the human intestine, resulting in health benefits. 5-Deoxyisoflavonoids accumulate in the roots (93% mol/mol of the total root isoflavonoids) and seeds of unstressed soybean plants. Chalcone reductase (CHR) is a key enzyme mediating 5-deoxyisoflavonoid biosynthesis because it catalyzes the production of 6'-deoxychalcone through its effects on the chalcone synthase (CHS)-catalyzed reaction. The soybean genome encodes at least 11 CHR-related homologs, but it is unclear which ones are functionally important for daidzein accumulation in unstressed plants. Among the CHR homologs, the temporal and spatial expression patterns of GmCHR5 were the most correlated with the distribution patterns of 5-deoxyisoflavonoids. The CHR activity of GmCHR5 was confirmed in vitro and in planta. In the in vitro assays, the ratio of CHR products (6'-deoxychalcone) to total CHS products (R value) was dependent on GmCHR5 and CHS concentrations, with higher concentrations resulting in higher R values (i.e. approaching 90%). Subcellular localization analyses revealed that GmCHR5 was present in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Protein-protein interaction assays indicated that GmCHR5, but not GmCHR1 and GmCHR6, interacted with 2-hydroxyisoflavanone synthase (IFS) isozymes. The CHS isozymes also interacted with IFS isozymes but not with GmCHR5. The proposed micro-compartmentalization of isoflavone biosynthesis through the formation of an IFS-mediated metabolon is probably involved in positioning GmCHR5 close to CHS, resulting in an R value that is high enough for the accumulation of abundant 5-deoxyisoflavonoids in soybean roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Mameda
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aobayama 6-6-11, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Waki
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aobayama 6-6-11, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kawai
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Seiji Takahashi
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aobayama 6-6-11, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Toru Nakayama
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aobayama 6-6-11, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
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Xiao B, Dong J, Yan M, Liu Y, Li Y, Yang G, Sun Z. Development of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous determination of five isoflavonoids and seven neurochemicals in rat brain dialysate and its application to a pharmacological study. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:2321-2330. [PMID: 29485229 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pueraria lobata is a medicinal plant widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. The total pueraria isoflavones have demonstrated positive effect against neurological disorders. In the present study, we first develop an ultra high performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry method to quantify the multiple active pueraria isoflavonoids and neurochemical markers in brain dialysate to provide tools for further exploring the functional mechanism of pueraria isoflavones for neuroactivities. A phenomenex Luna C18 column (50 × 2.0 mm, 5 μm) was employed with acetonitrile/0.05% formic acid in water as the mobile phase for the separation of analytes. A mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization source in positive/negative ion switching mode was used for multiple reaction monitoring of the detected compounds. The method was validated and proved acceptable. The intra- and interday precision across quality control levels was within 13.87 for all analytes, whereas the deviation of assay accuracies ranged between 0.03 and 11.53%. The method was successfully applied to a pharmacological study of pueraria isoflavones in rat brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxin Xiao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, P. R. China.,Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Lianyungang, P. R. China
| | - Jie Dong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, P. R. China
| | - Mingzhu Yan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, P. R. China
| | - Guangsheng Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, P. R. China
| | - Zengxian Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, P. R. China
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Gupta R, Min CW, Kramer K, Agrawal GK, Rakwal R, Park KH, Wang Y, Finkemeier I, Kim ST. A Multi-Omics Analysis of Glycine max Leaves Reveals Alteration in Flavonoid and Isoflavonoid Metabolism Upon Ethylene and Abscisic Acid Treatment. Proteomics 2018; 18:e1700366. [PMID: 29457974 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201700366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Phytohormones are central to plant growth and development. Despite the advancement in our knowledge of hormone signaling, downstream targets, and their interactions upon hormones action remain largely fragmented, especially at the protein and metabolite levels. With an aim to get new insight into the effects of two hormones, ethylene (ET) and abscisic acid (ABA), this study utilizes an integrated proteomics and metabolomics approach to investigate their individual and combined (ABA+ET) signaling in soybean leaves. Targeting low-abundance proteins, our previously established protamine sulfate precipitation method was applied, followed by label-free quantification of identified proteins. A total of 4129 unique protein groups including 1083 differentially modulated in one (individual) or other (combined) treatments were discerned. Functional annotation of the identified proteins showed an increased abundance of proteins related to the flavonoid and isoflavonoid biosynthesis and MAPK signaling pathway in response to ET treatment. HPLC analysis showed an accumulation of isoflavones (genistin, daidzein, and genistein) upon ET treatment, in agreement with the proteomics results. A metabolome analysis assigned 79 metabolites and further confirmed the accumulation of flavonoids and isoflavonoids in response to ET. A potential cross-talk between ET and MAPK signaling, leading to the accumulation of flavonoids and isoflavonoids in soybean leaves is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Gupta
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Woo Min
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Katharina Kramer
- Plant Proteomics Group, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ganesh Kumar Agrawal
- Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Kathmandu, Nepal
- GRADE Academy Private Limited, Birgunj, Nepal
| | - Randeep Rakwal
- Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Kathmandu, Nepal
- GRADE Academy Private Limited, Birgunj, Nepal
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Global Research Center for Innovative Life Science, Peptide Drug Innovation, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ki-Hun Park
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yiming Wang
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Iris Finkemeier
- Plant Proteomics Group, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Sun Tae Kim
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
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Ramos-Morales E, Rossi G, Cattin M, Jones E, Braganca R, Newbold CJ. The effect of an isoflavonid-rich liquorice extract on fermentation, methanogenesis and the microbiome in the rumen simulation technique. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2018; 94:4817530. [PMID: 29361159 PMCID: PMC6018963 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiy009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the antimicrobial activity of flavonoids, it has been suggested that they may provide a possible alternative to antibiotics to stimulate productivity and reduce the environmental load of ruminant agriculture. We hypothesised that an extract of liquorice, rich in prenylated isoflavonoids and particularly glabridin, might potentially improve the efficiency of nitrogen utilisation and reduce methane production in the rumen. When added to a long-term rumen simulating fermentor (RUSITEC), liquorice extract at 1 g L-1 decreased ammonia production (-51%; P < 0.001) without affecting the overall fermentation process. When added at 2 g L-1, decreases in not only ammonia production (-77%; P < 0.001), but also methane (-27%; P = 0.039) and total VFA production (-15%; P = 0.003) were observed. These effects in fermentation were probably related to a decrease in protozoa numbers, a less diverse bacteria population as well as changes in the structure of both the bacterial and archaeal communities. The inclusion of an isoflavonoid-rich extract from liquorice in the diet may potentially improve the efficiency of the feed utilisation by ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ramos-Morales
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, United Kingdom
| | - G Rossi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Legnaro (PD), 35020, Italy
| | - M Cattin
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Legnaro (PD), 35020, Italy
| | - E Jones
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, United Kingdom
| | - R Braganca
- BioComposites Centre, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2UW, United kingdom
| | - C J Newbold
- Scotland's Rural College, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, United Kingdom
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Bukvički D, Novaković M, Ab Ghani N, Marin PD, Asakawa Y. Secondary metabolites from endemic species Iris adriatica Trinajstić ex Mitić (Iridaceae). Nat Prod Res 2017; 32:1849-1852. [PMID: 29126369 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1402309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript describes the first detailed chemical investigation of endemic species Iris adriatica, including isolation and structure elucidation. Chemical analyses of the rhizome CH2Cl2/MeOH (2:1) extract revealed fourteen secondary metabolites, mainly isoflavonoids. Among isoflavonoids, two groups have been found: nigricin-type and tectorigenin-type. Dominant group of the isolated compounds has been nigricin-type isoflavones: nigricin, nigricin-4'-(1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside) and nigricin-4'-(1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl (1-6)-β-D-glucopyranoside) with 2.5, 10 and 1% of the total extract, respectively. Irisxanthone - xanthone C-glucoside, β-sitosterol, benzophenone and one of its derivatives have also been found. Nigricin-type isoflavonoids and irisxanthone can be considered as possible chemotaxonomic markers for I. adriatica. 5,3',5'-Trimethoxy-6,7-methylenedioxyisoflavone-4'-(1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside) and benzophenone have been isolated from Iris species for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danka Bukvički
- a Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden "Jevremovac" , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Miroslav Novaković
- b Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Nurunajah Ab Ghani
- c Faculty of Applied Sciences , Universiti Teknologi MARA , Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Petar D Marin
- a Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden "Jevremovac" , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Yoshinori Asakawa
- d Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Tokushima Bunri University , Tokushima , Japan
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Abstract
In previous centuries many women did not even live until their menopause years due to poor economic conditions, deficiencies of medicine, epidemics and wars. Nowadays in the developed countries, people live until they are 75-80 years old, and with the expansion of average age, the number of people affected by menopause and the years spent in that state increase. Nowadays women spend one third of their lives in the menopausal stage. The only effective way to treat unpleasant symptoms for centuries was with the use of herbs, and the knowledge about them spread through oral tradition. In the 20th century, this therapeutic form was pushed into the background by the development of synthetic drug production and the introduction of hormone replacement therapy. Thanks to the influence of media in the 20th century, women began to have the social need for preserving their beauty and youth for as long as they could. Hormone replacement therapy enjoyed great popularity because women were temporarily relieved of their life quality-impairing menopausal symptoms, but years later it turned out that hormone replacement therapy could pose serious risks. A distinct advantage of herbal therapy is the more advantageous side-effect-profile opposite the used synthetics in hormone replacement therapy. Women are therefore happy to turn to valuable and well-tried natural therapies, which have been used for thousands of years. There is growing interest in herbal remedies. Studying the effects of phytoestrogens has now become an active area for research. However, the results of studies in animals and humans are controversial, some sources suggest that phytoestrogens are effective and safe, other authors claim that they are ineffective in menopause or they have particularly dangerous properties, and cannot be recommended to everyone. It is important to address this issue for the sake of health, mental health and safety of women, and so it is necessary to assess the benefits and the risks before applying them. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(32): 1243-1251.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Remport
- Farmakognóziai Intézet, Semmelweis Egyetem, Gyógyszerész-tudományi Kar Budapest, Üllői út 26., 1085
| | - Anna Blázovics
- Farmakognóziai Intézet, Semmelweis Egyetem, Gyógyszerész-tudományi Kar Budapest, Üllői út 26., 1085
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Trinh BTD, Jäger AK, Staerk D. High-Resolution Inhibition Profiling Combined with HPLC-HRMS-SPE-NMR for Identification of PTP1B Inhibitors from Vietnamese Plants. Molecules 2017; 22:E1228. [PMID: 28726759 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) plays a key role as a negative regulator in insulin signal transduction by deactivating the insulin receptor. Thus, PTP1B inhibition has emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy for curing insulin resistance. In this study, 40 extracts from 18 different plant species were investigated for PTP1B inhibitory activity in vitro. The most promising one, the EtOAc extract of Ficus racemosa, was investigated by high-resolution PTP1B inhibition profiling combined with HPLC-HRMS-SPE-NMR analysis. This led to the identification of isoderrone (1), derrone (2), alpinumisoflavone (3) and mucusisoflavone B (4) as PTP1B inhibitors. IC50 of these compounds were 22.7 ± 1.7, 12.6 ± 1.6, 21.2 ± 3.8 and 2.5 ± 0.2 µM, respectively. Kinetics analysis revealed that these compounds inhibited PTP1B non-competitively with Ki values of 21.3 ± 2.8, 7.9 ± 1.9, 14.3 ± 2.0, and 3.0 ± 0.5 µM, respectively. These findings support the important role of F. racemosa as a novel source of new drugs and/or as a herbal remedy for treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Hamayun M, Hussain A, Khan SA, Kim HY, Khan AL, Waqas M, Irshad M, Iqbal A, Rehman G, Jan S, Lee IJ. Gibberellins Producing Endophytic Fungus Porostereum spadiceum AGH786 Rescues Growth of Salt Affected Soybean. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:686. [PMID: 28473818 PMCID: PMC5397423 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the pursuit of sustainable agriculture through environment and human health friendly practices, we evaluated the potential of a novel gibberellins (GAs) producing basidiomycetous endophytic fungus Porostereum spadiceum AGH786, for alleviating salt stress and promoting health benefits of soybean. Soybean seedlings exposed to different levels of NaCl stress (70 and 140 mM) under greenhouse conditions, were inoculated with the AGH786 strain. Levels of phytohormones including GAs, JA and ABA, and isoflavones were compared in control and the inoculated seedlings to understand the mechanism through which the stress is alleviated. Gibberellins producing endophytic fungi have been vital for promoting plant growth under normal and stress conditions. We report P. spadiceum AGH786 as the ever first GAs producing basidiomycetous fungus capable of producing six types of GAs. In comparison to the so for most efficient GAs producing Gibberella fujikuroi, AGH786 produced significantly higher amount of the bioactive GA3. Salt-stressed phenotype of soybean seedlings was characterized by low content of GAs and high amount of ABA and JA with reduced shoot length, biomass, leaf area, chlorophyll contents, and rate of photosynthesis. Mitigation of salt stress by AGH786 was always accompanied by high GAs, and low ABA and JA, suggesting that this endophytic fungus reduces the effect of salinity by modulating endogenous phytohormones of the seedlings. Additionally, this strain also enhanced the endogenous level of two isoflavones including daidzen and genistein in soybean seedlings under normal as well as salt stress conditions as compared to their respective controls. P. spadiceum AGH786 boosted the NaCl stress tolerance and growth in soybean, by modulating seedlings endogenous phytohormones and isoflavones suggesting a valuable contribution of this potent fungal biofertilizer in sustainable agriculture in salt affected soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hamayun
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University MardanMardan, Pakistan
| | - Anwar Hussain
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University MardanMardan, Pakistan
| | - Sumera A. Khan
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu, South Korea
| | - Ho-Youn Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu, South Korea
| | - Abdul L. Khan
- UoN Chair of Oman’s Medicinal Plants and Marine Natural Products, University of NizwaNizwa, Oman
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu, South Korea
| | - Muhammad Irshad
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University MardanMardan, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Iqbal
- Department of Agriculture, Abdul Wali Khan University MardanMardan, Pakistan
| | - Gauhar Rehman
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University MardanMardan, Pakistan
| | - Samin Jan
- Department of Botany, Islamia College University PeshawarPeshawar, Pakistan
| | - In-Jung Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu, South Korea
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Myasoedova VA, Kirichenko TV, Melnichenko AA, Orekhova VA, Ravani A, Poggio P, Sobenin IA, Bobryshev YV, Orekhov AN. Anti-Atherosclerotic Effects of a Phytoestrogen-Rich Herbal Preparation in Postmenopausal Women. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081318. [PMID: 27529226 PMCID: PMC5000715 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The risk of cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis progression is significantly increased after menopause, probably due to the decrease of estrogen levels. The use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for prevention of cardiovascular disease in older postmenopausal failed to meet expectations. Phytoestrogens may induce some improvements in climacteric symptoms, but their effect on the progression of atherosclerosis remains unclear. The reduction of cholesterol accumulation at the cellular level should lead to inhibition of the atherosclerotic process in the arterial wall. The inhibition of intracellular lipid deposition with isoflavonoids was suggested as the effective way for the prevention of plaque formation in the arterial wall. The aim of this double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study was to investigate the effect of an isoflavonoid-rich herbal preparation on atherosclerosis progression in postmenopausal women free of overt cardiovascular disease. One hundred fifty-seven healthy postmenopausal women (age 65 ± 6) were randomized to a 500 mg isoflavonoid-rich herbal preparation containing tannins from grape seeds, green tea leaves, hop cone powder, and garlic powder, or placebo. Conventional cardiovascular risk factors and intima-media thickness of common carotid arteries (cIMT) were evaluated at the baseline and after 12 months of treatment. After 12-months follow-up, total cholesterol decreased by 6.3% in isoflavonoid-rich herbal preparation recipients (p = 0.011) and by 5.2% in placebo recipients (p = 0.020); low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol decreased by 7.6% in isoflavonoid-rich herbal preparation recipients (p = 0.040) and by 5.2% in placebo recipients (non-significant, NS); high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol decreased by 3.4% in isoflavonoid-rich herbal preparation recipients (NS) and by 4.5% in placebo recipients (p = 0.038); triglycerides decreased by 6.0% in isoflavonoid-rich herbal preparation recipients (NS) and by 7.1% in placebo recipients (NS). The differences between lipid changes in the isoflavonoid-rich herbal preparation and placebo recipients did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.05). Nevertheless, the mean cIMT progression was significantly lower in isoflavonoid-rich herbal preparation recipients as compared to the placebo group (6 μm, or <1%, versus 100 μm, or 13%; p < 0.001 for the difference). The growth of existing atherosclerotic plaques in isoflavonoid-rich herbal preparation recipients was inhibited by 1.5-fold (27% versus 41% in the placebo group). The obtained results demonstrate that the use of isoflavonoid-rich herbal preparation in postmenopausal women may suppress the formation of new atherosclerotic lesions and reduce the progression of existing ones, thus promising new drug for anti-atherosclerotic therapy. Nevertheless, further studies are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika A Myasoedova
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan I-20138, Italy.
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow 125315, Russia.
| | - Tatyana V Kirichenko
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow 143025, Russia.
| | | | - Varvara A Orekhova
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow 143025, Russia.
- Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, Moscow 121552, Russia.
| | - Alessio Ravani
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan I-20138, Italy.
| | - Paolo Poggio
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan I-20138, Italy.
| | - Igor A Sobenin
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow 125315, Russia.
- Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, Moscow 121552, Russia.
| | - Yuri V Bobryshev
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow 125315, Russia.
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
- School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia.
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow 125315, Russia.
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow 143025, Russia.
- Department of Biophysics, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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48
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Shults EE, Shakirov MM, Pokrovsky MA, Petrova TN, Pokrovsky AG, Gorovoy PG. Phenolic compounds from Glycyrrhiza pallidiflora Maxim. and their cytotoxic activity. Nat Prod Res 2016; 31:445-452. [PMID: 27210480 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2016.1188094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-one phenolic compounds (1-21) including dihydrocinnamic acid, isoflavonoids, flavonoids, coumestans, pterocarpans, chalcones, isoflavan and isoflaven, were isolated from the roots of Glycyrrhiza pallidiflora Maxim. Phloretinic acid (1), chrysin (6), 9-methoxycoumestan (8), isoglycyrol (9), 6″-O-acetylanonin (19) and 6″-O-acetylwistin (21) were isolated from G. pallidiflora for the first time. Isoflavonoid acetylglycosides 19, 21 might be artefacts that could be produced during the EtOAc fractionation process of whole extract. Compounds 2-4, 10, 11, 19 and 21 were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity with respect to model cancer cell lines (CEM-13, MT-4, U-937) using the conventional MTT assays. Isoflavonoid calycosin (4) showed the best potency against human T-cell leukaemia cells MT-4 (CTD50, 2.9 μM). Pterocarpans medicarpin (10) and homopterocarpin (11) exhibit anticancer activity in micromolar range with selectivity on the human monocyte cells U-937. The isoflavan (3R)-vestitol (16) was highly selective on the lymphoblastoid leukaemia cells CEM-13 and was more active than the drug doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira E Shults
- a Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch , Russian Academy of Sciences , Novosibirsk , Russia.,b Medicinal Department , Novosibirsk State University , Novosibirsk , Russia
| | - Makhmut M Shakirov
- a Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch , Russian Academy of Sciences , Novosibirsk , Russia
| | - Mikhail A Pokrovsky
- b Medicinal Department , Novosibirsk State University , Novosibirsk , Russia
| | - Tatijana N Petrova
- a Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch , Russian Academy of Sciences , Novosibirsk , Russia
| | - Andrey G Pokrovsky
- b Medicinal Department , Novosibirsk State University , Novosibirsk , Russia
| | - Petr G Gorovoy
- c G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry , Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Vladivostok , Russia
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49
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Dastmalchi M, Bernards MA, Dhaubhadel S. Twin anchors of the soybean isoflavonoid metabolon: evidence for tethering of the complex to the endoplasmic reticulum by IFS and C4H. Plant J 2016; 85:689-706. [PMID: 26856401 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Isoflavonoids are specialized plant metabolites, almost exclusive to legumes, and their biosynthesis forms a branch of the diverse phenylpropanoid pathway. Plant metabolism may be coordinated at many levels, including formation of protein complexes, or 'metabolons', which represent the molecular level of organization. Here, we have confirmed the existence of the long-postulated isoflavonoid metabolon by identifying elements of the complex, their subcellular localizations and their interactions. Isoflavone synthase (IFS) and cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H) have been shown to be tandem P450 enzymes that are anchored in the ER, interacting with soluble enzymes of the phenylpropanoid and isoflavonoid pathways (chalcone synthase, chalcone reductase and chalcone isomerase). The soluble enzymes of these pathways, whether localized to the cytoplasm or nucleus, are tethered to the ER through interaction with these P450s. The complex is also held together by interactions between the soluble elements. We provide evidence for IFS interaction with upstream and non-consecutive enzymes. The existence of such a protein complex suggests a possible mechanism for flux of metabolites into the isoflavonoid pathway. Further, through interaction studies, we identified several candidates that are associated with GmIFS2, an isoform of IFS, in soybean hairy roots. This list provides additional candidates for various biosynthetic and structural elements that are involved in isoflavonoid production. Our interaction studies provide valuable information about isoform specificity among isoflavonoid enzymes, which may guide future engineering of the pathway in legumes or help overcome bottlenecks in heterologous expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Dastmalchi
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark A Bernards
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sangeeta Dhaubhadel
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, Ontario, Canada
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50
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Frasinyuk MS, Mrug GP, Bondarenko SP, Khilya VP, Sviripa VM, Syrotchuk OA, Zhang W, Cai X, Fiandalo MV, Mohler JL, Liu C, Watt DS. Antineoplastic Isoflavonoids Derived from Intermediate ortho-Quinone Methides Generated from Mannich Bases. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:600-11. [PMID: 26889756 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The regioselective condensations of various 7-hydroxyisoflavonoids with bis(N,N-dimethylamino)methane in a Mannich reaction provided C-8 N,N-dimethylaminomethyl-substituted isoflavonoids in good yield. Similar condensations of 7-hydroxy-8-methylisoflavonoids led to the C-6-substituted analogs. Thermal eliminations of dimethylamine from these C-6 or C-8 N,N-dimethylaminomethyl-substituted isoflavonoids generated ortho-quinone methide intermediates within isoflavonoid frameworks for the first time. Despite other potential competing outcomes, these ortho-quinone methide intermediates trapped dienophiles including 2,3-dihydrofuran, 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran, 3-(N,N-dimethylamino)-5,5-dimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one, 1-morpholinocyclopentene, and 1-morpholinocyclohexene to give various inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder adducts. Several adducts derived from 8-N,N-dimethylaminomethyl-substituted isoflavonoids displayed good activity in the 1-10 μm concentration range in an in vitro proliferation assay using the PC-3 prostate cancer cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mykhaylo S Frasinyuk
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA. .,Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0509, USA. .,Department of Chemistry of Bioactive Nitrogen-Containing Heterocyclic Bases, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine.
| | - Galyna P Mrug
- Department of Chemistry of Bioactive Nitrogen-Containing Heterocyclic Bases, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine
| | - Svitlana P Bondarenko
- Department of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr P Khilya
- Department of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Vitaliy M Sviripa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA.,Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0509, USA
| | - Oleksandr A Syrotchuk
- Central Laboratory for Quality Control of Medicines and Medical Products, Kyiv, 04053, Ukraine
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA.,Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0093, USA
| | - Xianfeng Cai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA.,Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0093, USA
| | - Michael V Fiandalo
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - James L Mohler
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Chunming Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA.,Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0093, USA
| | - David S Watt
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA. .,Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0509, USA. .,Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0093, USA.
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