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Banerjee R, Ray SS. Role of Rheology in Morphology Development and Advanced Processing of Thermoplastic Polymer Materials: A Review. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:27969-28001. [PMID: 37576638 PMCID: PMC10413379 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
This review presents fundamental knowledge and recent advances pertaining to research on the role of rheology in polymer processing, highlights the knowledge gap between the function of rheology in various processing operations and the importance of rheology in the development, characterization, and assessment of the morphologies of polymeric materials, and offers ideas for enhancing the processabilities of polymeric materials in advanced processing operations. Rheology plays a crucial role in the morphological evolution of polymer blends and composites, influencing the type of morphology in the case of blends and the quality of dispersion in the cases of both blends and composites. The rheological characteristics of multiphase polymeric materials provide valuable information on the morphologies of these materials, thereby rendering rheology an important tool for morphological assessment. Although rheology extensively affects the processabilities of polymeric materials in all processing operations, this review focuses on the roles of rheology in film blowing, electrospinning, centrifugal jet spinning, and the three-dimensional printing of polymeric materials, which are advanced processing operations that have gained significant research interest. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the fundamentals of morphology development and the aforementioned processing techniques; moreover, it covers all vital aspects related to the tailoring of the rheological characteristics of polymeric materials for achieving superior morphologies and high processabilities of these materials in advanced processing operations. Thus, this article provides a direction for future advancements in polymer processing. Furthermore, the superiority of elongational flow over shear flow in enhancing the quality of dispersion in multiphase polymeric materials and the role of extensional rheology in the advanced processing operations of these materials, which have rarely been discussed in previous reviews, have been critically analyzed in this review. In summary, this article offers new insights into the use of rheology in material and product development during advanced polymer-processing operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritima Banerjee
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Calcutta Institute
of Technology, Banitabla, Uluberia, Howrah, 711316 West Bengal, India
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
| | - Suprakas Sinha Ray
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
- Centre
for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, DSI-CSIR Nanotechnology
Innovation Centre, Council for Scientific
and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
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2
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Masarra NA, Quantin JC, Batistella M, El Hage R, Pucci MF, Lopez-Cuesta JM. Influence of Polymer Processing on the Double Electrical Percolation Threshold in PLA/PCL/GNP Nanocomposites. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:9231. [PMID: 36501934 PMCID: PMC9738525 DOI: 10.3390/s22239231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, the double electrical percolation threshold was obtained in polylactide (PLA)/polycaprolactone (PCL)/graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) composite systems, prepared by compression moulding and fused filament fabrication (FFF). Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), the localisation of the GNP, as well as the morphology of PLA and PCL phases, were evaluated and correlated with the electrical conductivity results estimated by the four-point probe method electrical measurements. The solvent extraction method was used to confirm and quantify the co-continuity in these samples. At 10 wt.% of the GNP, compression-moulded samples possessed a wide co-continuity range, varying from PLA55/PCL45 to PLA70/PCL30. The best electrical conductivity results were found for compression-moulded and 3D-printed PLA65/PCL35/GNP that have the fully co-continuous structure, based on the experimental and theoretical findings. This composite owns the highest storage modulus and complex viscosity at low angular frequency range, according to the melt shear rheology. Moreover, it exhibited the highest char formation and polymers degrees of crystallinity after the thermal investigation by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively. The effect of the GNP content, compression moulding time, and multiple twin-screw extrusion blending steps on the co-continuity were also evaluated. The results showed that increasing the GNP content decreased the continuity of the polymer phases. Therefore, this work concluded that polymer processing methods impact the electrical percolation threshold and that the 3D printing of polymer composites entails higher electrical resistance as compared to compression moulding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcos Batistella
- Polymers Composites and Hybrids (PCH), IMT Mines Ales, 30100 Ales, France
| | - Roland El Hage
- Polymers Composites and Hybrids (PCH), IMT Mines Ales, 30100 Ales, France
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Materials (LCPM), PR2N (EDST), Faculty of Sciences II, Lebanese University, Campus Fanar P.O. Box 90656, Lebanon
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3
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Influence of Small Amounts of ABS and ABS-MA on PA6 Properties: Evaluation of Torque Rheometry, Mechanical, Thermomechanical, Thermal, Morphological, and Water Absorption Kinetics Characteristics. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15072502. [PMID: 35407835 PMCID: PMC8999899 DOI: 10.3390/ma15072502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, polyamide 6 (PA6) properties were tailored and improved using a maleic anhydride-grafted acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymer (ABS-MA). The PA6/ABS-MA blends were prepared using a co-rotational twin-screw extruder. Subsequently, the extruded pellets were injection-molded. Blends were characterized by torque rheometry, the Molau test, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), impact strength, tensile strength, Heat Deflection Temperature (HDT), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetry (TG), Contact Angle, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and water absorption experiments. The most significant balance of properties, within the analyzed content range (5, 7.5, and 10 wt.%), was obtained for the PA6/ABS-MA (10%) blend, indicating that even low concentrations of ABS-MA can improve the properties of PA6. Significant increases in impact strength and elongation at break have been achieved compared with PA6. The elastic modulus, tensile strength, HDT, and thermal stability properties of the PA6/ABS-MA blends remained at high levels, indicating that maleic anhydride interacted with amine end-groups of PA6. Torque rheometry, the Molau test, and SEM analysis suggested interactions in the PA6/ABS-MA system, confirming the high properties obtained. Additionally, there was a decrease in water absorption and the diffusion coefficient of the PA6/ABS-MA blends, corroborating the contact angle analysis.
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4
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Zhao D, Yan D, Fu X, Zhang N, Yang G. Rheological and Crystallization Properties of ABS/PA6-Compatibilized Blends via In Situ Reactive Extrusion. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:15257-15267. [PMID: 32637799 PMCID: PMC7331037 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ABS/PA6-compatibilized blends were prepared by in situ reactive extrusion method. The main objective was to evaluate the influences of the morphology and blend composition on the rheological and nonisothermal crystallization properties. The morphology of submicron-sized ABS droplets evenly dispersed in PA6 led to dilatant fluid behavior and a transition from elastic to viscous behavior in the low-frequency region. The crystallization results indicated that reactive blends had elevated crystallization temperatures and crystallization rates, which were due to the heterogeneous nucleation of the submicron-sized ABS particles. In addition, it was observed that the theory by Mo suitably described the nonisothermal crystallization process. The activation energy slightly decreased for ABS contents of 5 and 15 wt % and then increased for a content of 25 wt %, indicating that the ABS promoted the crystallization of the blends at appropriate contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajiang Zhao
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei
University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
| | - Dongguang Yan
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University
of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, China
| | - Xubing Fu
- Institute
of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Na Zhang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei
University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
| | - Guisheng Yang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei
University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
- Hefei
Genius Advanced Material Co., Ltd., Hefei 230009, China
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5
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Wu B, Zeng Q, Niu D, Yang W, Dong W, Chen M, Ma P. Design of Supertoughened and Heat-Resistant PLLA/Elastomer Blends by Controlling the Distribution of Stereocomplex Crystallites and the Morphology. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Baogou Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qingtao Zeng
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Deyu Niu
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Weijun Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Weifu Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Mingqing Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Piming Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
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7
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Liu Z, Bai H, Luo Y, Zhang Q, Fu Q. Achieving a low electrical percolation threshold and superior mechanical performance in poly(l-lactide)/thermoplastic polyurethane/carbon nanotubes composites via tailoring phase morphology with the aid of stereocomplex crystallites. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra27401c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate a facile strategy to fabricate highly conductive PLLA/TPU/CNTs composites with very low percolation threshold and good stiffness–toughness balance via constructing stereocomplex crystallites in PLLA melt to tailor phase morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Hongwei Bai
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Yuanlin Luo
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Qin Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Qiang Fu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
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8
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Saengthaveep S, Jana SC, Magaraphan R. Correlation of viscosity ratio, morphology, and mechanical properties of polyamide 12/natural rubber blends via reactive compatibilization. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-016-0985-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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9
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Ren D, Tu Z, Yu C, Shi H, Jiang T, Yang Y, Shi D, Yin J, Mai YW, Li RK. Effect of Dual Reactive Compatibilizers on the Formation of Co-Continuous Morphology of Low Density Polyethylene/Polyamide 6 Blends with Low Polyamide 6 Content. Ind Eng Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Ren
- Ministry-of-Education
Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional
Materials, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Origanic
Chemical Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China
| | - Zhaokang Tu
- Ministry-of-Education
Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional
Materials, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Origanic
Chemical Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China
| | - Changjiang Yu
- Ministry-of-Education
Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional
Materials, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Origanic
Chemical Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China
| | - Hengchong Shi
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- Department
of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee
Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Ministry-of-Education
Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional
Materials, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Origanic
Chemical Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China
| | - Yingkui Yang
- Ministry-of-Education
Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional
Materials, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Origanic
Chemical Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China
| | - Dean Shi
- Ministry-of-Education
Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional
Materials, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Origanic
Chemical Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China
| | - Jinghua Yin
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yiu-Wing Mai
- Centre
for Advanced Materials Technology (CAMT), School of Aerospace, Mechanical
and Mechatronic Engineering J07, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Robert K.Y. Li
- Department
of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee
Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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10
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Zhao P, Zhang J. Room temperature and low temperature toughness improvement in PBA-g-SAN/α-MSAN by melt blending with TPU. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra26854k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Toughness of PBA-g-SAN/α-MSAN blends at room temperature and low temperature was successfully improved by incorporating TPU elastomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
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11
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Ji WY, Feng LF, Zhang CL, Hoppe S, Hu GH. Development of a Reactive Compatibilizer-Tracer for Studying Reactive Polymer Blends in a Twin-Screw Extruder. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b02192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yun Ji
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical and
Biochemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Laboratoire
Réactions et Génie des Procédés, CNRS-Université de Lorraine, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy, France
| | - Lian-Fang Feng
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical and
Biochemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Cai-Liang Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical and
Biochemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Sandrine Hoppe
- Laboratoire
Réactions et Génie des Procédés, CNRS-Université de Lorraine, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy, France
| | - Guo-Hua Hu
- Laboratoire
Réactions et Génie des Procédés, CNRS-Université de Lorraine, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy, France
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12
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Masser KA, Knorr DB, Hindenlang MD, Yu JH, Richardson AD, Strawhecker KE, Beyer FL, Lenhart JL. Relating structure and chain dynamics to ballistic performance in transparent epoxy networks exhibiting nanometer scale heterogeneity. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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13
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Zhang G, Wang Y, Xing H, Qiu J, Gong J, Yao K, Tan H, Jiang Z, Tang T. Interplay between the composition of LLDPE/PS blends and their compatibilization with polyethylene-graft-polystyrene in the foaming behaviour. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra16084c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The influences of PE-g-PS compatibilization on the foaming behaviour of LLDPE/PS blends in batch foaming using scCO2 as physical foaming agent depend strongly on the composition of the blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangchun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Yuanliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Haiping Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Jian Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Jiang Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Kun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Haiying Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Zhiwei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Tao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
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14
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Taguet A, Cassagnau P, Lopez-Cuesta JM. Structuration, selective dispersion and compatibilizing effect of (nano)fillers in polymer blends. Prog Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 366] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Liu XQ, Li RH, Bao RY, Jiang WR, Yang W, Xie BH, Yang MB. Suppression of phase coarsening in immiscible, co-continuous polymer blends under high temperature quiescent annealing. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:3587-3596. [PMID: 24663286 DOI: 10.1039/c3sm53211a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The properties of polymer blends greatly depend on the morphologies formed during processing, and the thermodynamic non-equilibrium nature of most polymer blends makes it important to maintain the morphology stability to ensure the performance stability of structural materials. Herein, the phase coarsening of co-continuous, immiscible polyamide 6 (PA6)-acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) blends in the melt state was studied and the effect of introduction of nano-silica particles on the stability of the phase morphology was examined. It was found that the PA6-ABS (50/50 w) blend maintained the co-continuous morphology but coarsened severely upon annealing at 230 °C. The coarsening process could be divided into two stages: a fast coarsening process at the initial stage of annealing and a second coarsening process with a relatively slow coarsening rate later. The reduction of the coarsening rate can be explained from the reduction of the global curvature of the interface. With the introduction of nano-silica, the composites also showed two stages of coarsening. However, the coarsening rate was significantly decreased and the phase morphology was stabilized. Rheological measurements indicated that a particle network structure was formed when the concentration of nano-silica particles was beyond 2 wt%. The particle network inhibited the movement of molecular chains and thus suppressed the coarsening process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Qiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 Sichuan, China.
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Diop MF, Torkelson JM. Ester Functionalization of Polypropylene via Controlled Decomposition of Benzoyl Peroxide during Solid-State Shear Pulverization. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401628u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mirian F. Diop
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - John M. Torkelson
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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17
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Monemian S, Jafari SH, Khonakdar HA, Goodarzi V, Reuter U, Pötschke P. MWNT-filled PC/ABS blends: Correlation of morphology with rheological and electrical response. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.39211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seyedali Monemian
- School of Chemical Engineering; College of Engineering; University of Tehran; Tehran Iran
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering; Case Western Reserve University; Cleveland Ohio 44106-7202
| | - Seyed Hassan Jafari
- School of Chemical Engineering; College of Engineering; University of Tehran; Tehran Iran
| | - Hossein Ali Khonakdar
- Department of Polymer Processing; Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute; Tehran Iran
| | - Vahabodin Goodarzi
- School of Chemical Engineering; College of Engineering; University of Tehran; Tehran Iran
| | - Uta Reuter
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden; Hohe St. 6 D-01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Petra Pötschke
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden; Hohe St. 6 D-01069 Dresden Germany
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18
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TRANSESTERIFICATION BETWEEN POLY(LACTIC ACID) AND POLYCARBONATE UNDER FLOW FIELD AND ITS INFLUENCE ON MORPHOLOGY OF THE BLENDS. ACTA POLYM SIN 2012. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1105.2012.12145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Jo MY, Ryu YJ, Ko JH, Yoon JS. Effects of compatibilizers on the mechanical properties of ABS/PLA composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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20
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Gui ZY, Wang HR, Gao Y, Lu C, Cheng SJ. Morphology and melt rheology of biodegradable poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene succinate adipate) blends: effect of blend compositions. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-011-0009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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21
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Yang H, Cao X, Ma Y, An J, Ke Y, Liu X, Wang F. Effect of maleic anhydride grafted polybutadiene on the compatibility of polyamide 66/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer blend. POLYM ENG SCI 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.22105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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22
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Shahbikian S, Carreau PJ, Heuzey MC, Ellul MD, Nadella HP, Cheng J, Shirodkar P. Rheology/morphology relationship of plasticized and nonplasticized thermoplastic elastomers based on ethylene-propylene-diene-terpolymer and polypropylene. POLYM ENG SCI 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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23
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24
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Razavi S, Shojaei A, Bagheri R. Binary and ternary blends of high-density polyethylene with poly(ethylene terephthalate) and polystyrene based on recycled materials. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Evolution of properties in ABS/PA6 blends compatibilized by fixed weight ratio SAGMA copolymer. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-010-9540-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Becker D, Hage E, Pessan LA. Effects of addition of acrylic compatibilizer on the morphology and mechanical behavior of amorphous polyamide/SAN blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.31238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Morphological, rheological and thermal studies in melt processed compatibilized PA6/ABS/clay nanocomposites. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-010-9407-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Lee S, Kontopoulou M, Park C. Effect of nanosilica on the co-continuous morphology of polypropylene/polyolefin elastomer blends. POLYMER 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Handge UA, Sailer C, Steininger H, Weber M, Scholtyssek S, Seydewitz V, Michler GH. Micromechanical processes and failure phenomena in reactively compatibilized blends of polyamide 6 and styrenic polymers. I. Polyamide 6/acrylonitrile- butadiene-styrene copolymer blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.29566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Al-Saleh MH, Sundararaj U. Mechanical properties of carbon black-filled polypropylene/polystyrene blends containing styrene-butadiene-styrene copolymer. POLYM ENG SCI 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Li Y, Shimizu H. Improvement in toughness of poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) through reactive blending with acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene copolymer (ABS): Morphology and properties. Eur Polym J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Becker D, Hage Jr. E, Pessan LA, Aquino H. Estudo da mobilidade molecular das blendas aPA/SAN/MMA-MA usando relaxação dielétrica. POLIMEROS 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-14282008000300008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Blendas de poliamida amorfa (aPA) com copolímero de estireno-acrilonitrila (SAN) utilizando uma série de copolímeros de metil metacrilato-anidrido maleico (MMA-MA) como agente compatibilizante foram preparadas. Estes copolímeros acrílicos são miscíveis com a fase SAN, e o anidrido maleico (MA) é capaz de reagir com os grupos terminais da poliamida, levando a formação de um copolímero na interfase da blenda durante o processamento. Este estudo foca o efeito da massa molar e a concentração de anidrido maleico do compatibilizante nas propriedades de relaxação dielétrica. Os resultados mostram que tanto a concentração de anidrido maleico e a massa molar do compatibilizante influenciam a mobilidade molecular. Blendas com compatibilizantes com 5 e 10% de anidrido maleico apresentaram menor energia de ativação devido à alta mobilidade da fase SAN.
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As'habi L, Jafari SH, Baghaei B, Khonakdar HA, Pötschke P, Böhme F. Structural analysis of multicomponent nanoclay-containing polymer blends through simple model systems. POLYMER 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Komalan C, George K, Jacob S, Thomas S. Reactive compatibilization of nylon copolymer/EPDM blends: experimental aspects and their comparison with theory. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Phase continuity detection and phase inversion phenomena in immiscible polypropylene/polystyrene blends with different viscosity ratios. POLYMER 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Anisotropy and instability of the co-continuous phase morphology in uncompatibilized and reactively compatibilized polypropylene/polystyrene blends. POLYMER 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Özkoç G, Bayram G, Quaedflieg M. Effects of microcompounding process parameters on the properties of ABS/polyamide-6 blends based nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.27460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Stretz H, Paul D. Properties and morphology of nanocomposites based on styrenic polymers, Part II: Effects of maleic anhydride units. POLYMER 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lumlong S, Kuboyama K, Chiba T, Oyama HT, Ougizawa T. Shear Effect on Morphology of Poly(Butylene Terephthalate)/Poly(Styrene‐co‐Acrylonitrile) Blends. J MACROMOL SCI B 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/mb-120030016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saisamorn Lumlong
- a Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials , Tokyo Institute of Technology , Ookayama, Meguro‐ku, Tokyo , 152‐8552 , Japan
| | - Keiichi Kuboyama
- a Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials , Tokyo Institute of Technology , Ookayama, Meguro‐ku, Tokyo , 152‐8552 , Japan
| | - Tsuneo Chiba
- a Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials , Tokyo Institute of Technology , Ookayama, Meguro‐ku, Tokyo , 152‐8552 , Japan
| | - Hideko T. Oyama
- a Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials , Tokyo Institute of Technology , Ookayama, Meguro‐ku, Tokyo , 152‐8552 , Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ougizawa
- a Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials , Tokyo Institute of Technology , Ookayama, Meguro‐ku, Tokyo , 152‐8552 , Japan
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Jose S, Francis B, Thomas S, Karger-Kocsis J. Morphology and mechanical properties of polyamide 12/polypropylene blends in presence and absence of reactive compatibiliser. POLYMER 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Weber M, Heckmann W, Goeldel A. Styrenics/Polyamide-Blends – Reactive Blending and Properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.200690003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Lumlong S, Kuboyama K, Chiba T, Ougizawa T. Brittle-Ductile Transition in Reactive PBT/SAN Blends. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.200690014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hou L, Yang G. Morphology and thermal behavior of MCPA6/SAN blends prepared by anionic ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactam. J Appl Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/app.23629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Hou L, Yang G. Morphology and Thermal Properties of MCPA6/ABS by in situ Polymerization ofɛ-Caprolactam. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200500160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Harrats C, Omonov T, Groeninckx G, Moldenaers P. Phase morphology development and stabilization in polycyclohexylmethacrylate/polypropylene blends: uncompatibilized and reactively compatibilized blends using two reactive precursors. POLYMER 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Tol R, Groeninckx G, Vinckier I, Moldenaers P, Mewis J. Phase morphology and stability of co-continuous (PPE/PS)/PA6 and PS/PA6 blends: effect of rheology and reactive compatibilization. POLYMER 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2003.12.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Araújo EM, Hage E, Carvalho AJF. Morphology of nylon 6/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene blends compatibilized by a methyl methacrylate/maleic anhydride copolymer. J Appl Polym Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/app.12962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Nandan B, Kandpal LD, Mathur GN. Poly(ether ether ketone)/poly(aryl ether sulfone) blends: Relationships between morphology and mechanical properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/app.13009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Pötschke P, Paul DR. Formation of Co-continuous Structures in Melt-Mixed Immiscible Polymer Blends. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1081/mc-120018022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Araújo EM, Hage E, Carvalho AJF. Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene toughened nylon 6: The influences of compatibilizer on morphology and impact properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/app.11502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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