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Posadas P, Valentín JL, Benavente R, Blázquez-Blázquez E, Urtiaga A, Álvarez JA, Cerrada ML. Crosslinked networks in electron beam irradiated polyethylenes evaluated by proton low-field NMR spectroscopy. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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2
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Maimaitiming A, Wu G, Tan H, Wang M, Zhang M, Hu J, Xing Z. Rheology, polymorphic crystal transformation, thermal, and mechanical properties of long‐chain branched isotactic poly(1‐butene). J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aizezi Maimaitiming
- Shanghai Institute of Applied PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201800 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Guozhong Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201800 China
| | - Hairong Tan
- Shanghai Institute of Applied PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201800 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Minglei Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201800 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Maojiang Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201800 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Jiangtao Hu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201800 China
| | - Zhe Xing
- Shanghai Institute of Applied PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201800 China
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Gupta SK, Singh P, Singh R, Kumar R. Impact of Swift Heavy Ions and Gamma Radiation upon Optical, Structural, and Chemical Properties of Polypropylene Polymer Films. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.21518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Kumar Gupta
- University School of Basic and Applied Sciences; Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University; New Delhi 110 078 India
- Department of Physics; Aggarwal College; Ballabgarh Faridabad 121 004 India
| | - Paramjit Singh
- University School of Basic and Applied Sciences; Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University; New Delhi 110 078 India
| | - Rajinder Singh
- Department of Physics; Guru Nanak Dev University; Amritsar 143 005 India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- University School of Basic and Applied Sciences; Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University; New Delhi 110 078 India
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Menchaca-Campos C, Martínez-Barrera G, López-Valdivia H, Carrasco H, Álvarez-Castillo A. Post-irradiation effects on gamma-irradiated nylon 6,12 fibers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2013. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2013-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Post-irradiation effects on nylon 6,12 crystalline fibers gamma-irradiated 6 years previously (6YI) were studied, including thermal stability and morphology; their relationship with storage time was also studied. The results of these studies were compared with those obtained for non-irradiated (NI) and namely freshly irradiated (FI) crystalline fibers. The results include analyses like thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical images for (6YI and FI) both kinds of nylon 6,12 fibers. The results showed that the most prominent effect is related to the reaction progress. The chain scission and/or crosslinking mechanisms, as well as the free radicals, allow proceeding with the reaction, and consequently, changes on the properties of the FI samples. The melting point, degree of crystallinity, degradation temperature and morphology prove that additional chemical reactions and surface modifications keep occurring in the fibers long after the irradiation process has ended. With storage time, the surface becomes rougher, the color turns yellowish, the melting point diminishes and the degree of crystallinity increases.
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Auhl D, Stadler FJ, Münstedt H. Comparison of Molecular Structure and Rheological Properties of Electron-Beam- and Gamma-Irradiated Polypropylene. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma202265w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Auhl
- Institute of Polymer Materials, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstr. 7,
D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Bio- and Soft Matter, Institute
of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences,Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud, 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve,
Belgium
| | - Florian J. Stadler
- Institute of Polymer Materials, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstr. 7,
D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- School of Chemical
Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Baekjero 567, Deokjin-gu,
Jeonju, 561-756, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Helmut Münstedt
- Institute of Polymer Materials, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstr. 7,
D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Menchaca-Campos C, Martínez-Barrera G, Fainleib A. Nylon 6,12 fibers under low-dose gamma irradiation. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2011. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng.2011.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
One of the most important applications of gamma irradiation is in the area of polymer modification. Nylon fibers that were gamma-irradiated with a dose higher than 25 kGy show fusion temperature and fusion enthalpy higher than the nonirradiated nylon. Nevertheless, under certain applications, the influence of nylon-irradiated fibers is noticeable below 50 kGy; therefore, physicochemical characterization is indispensable. In the present work, nylon 6,12 crystalline fibers were irradiated at low dose (from 1 to 25 kGy) at environmental conditions to confirm the thermal behavior. The melting point and fusion enthalpy were measured with differential scanning calorimetry; structural changes were studied using infrared spectroscopy; and fiber surface morphology was studied using atomic force microscopy. The results show an increase in both fusion temperature and fusion enthalpy, which are effects of the newly ordered high-molecular-weight oligomers. Recrystallization and oligomer formation can be observed in infrared spectra. Such behaviors are directly related to the partial damage over the surface and the mechanical performance of manufactured composites.
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Cerrada ML, Pérez E, Benavente R, Ressia J, Sarmoria C, Vallés EM. Gamma polymorph and branching formation as inductors of resistance to electron beam irradiation in metallocene isotactic polypropylene. Polym Degrad Stab 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2010.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Suljovrujic E, Trifunovic S, Milicevic D. The influence of gamma radiation on the dielectric relaxation behaviour of isotactic polypropylene: The α relaxation. Polym Degrad Stab 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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10
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Properties of isotactic polypropylene irradiated in various atmospheres. HEMIJSKA INDUSTRIJA 2010. [DOI: 10.2298/hemind091221029m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, changes in structure and physical properties of stabilized isotactic polypropylene (iPP) were created by gamma irradiation, up to a dose of 700 kGy, in different media: air, deionized distilled (DD) water and acetylene. Two main effects occur when polyolefins, such as iPP, are subjected to ionizing radiation: crosslinking and scission of macromolecules. The domination of one or the other of these competitive processes is determined by both the structural peculiarities of the polymers and the experimental irradiation conditions. Gel and infrared (IR) spectroscopy measurements were used to determine the changes in the degree of network formation and oxidative degradation, respectively. Sol-gel analysis was studied in detail using the Charlesby-Pinner (C-P) equation. The radiation-induced changes in the structure and evolution of oxygen-containing species were also studied through dielectric loss (tan ?) analysis in a wide temperature and/or frequency range. Evolution of low temperature dielectric relaxations with gamma irradiation was investigated. The results showed that degradation was the major reaction in the initial step of irradiation, no matter what the atmosphere was. The C-P equation seemed applicable when stabilized iPP was irradiated within a certain dose range in various atmospheres. The iPP irradiated in acetylene/air had the lowest/highest values for oxidation level, dielectric losses, Dg and G(s)/G(x) values. The calculated Dg values are 1.5 and 5 times larger for the irradiation in DD water and air than for the acetylene. Furthermore, our data confirm that oxidation strongly affects the gel point but has a much lower effect on the G(S)/G(X) ratio. In the case of dielectric relaxation measurements, the connection between the oxidative degradation and dielectric properties is well established and is in good agreement with IR spectroscopy measurements. The amount of carbonyl, hydroperoxide and other polar groups is much higher for the irradiation in air than in other media, leading to higher dielectric losses. Disappearance of low temperature (? and ?) relaxations with gamma radiation confirmed great sensitivity of iPP structure to radiation-induced changes. Complete ?vanishing? of the ? relaxation in iPP samples irradiated in air is connected with a large radiation-induced oxidative degradation in this medium. Similar crosslinking, oxidation and dielectric behaviour was observed for the samples irradiated in water and acetylene, indicating DD water as a good crosslinking medium.
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Liu H, Fang Z, Peng M, Shen L, Wang Y. The effects of irradiation cross-linking on the thermal degradation and flame-retardant properties of the HDPE/EVA/magnesium hydroxide composites. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2009.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Suljovrujic E. The influence of molecular orientation on the crosslinking/oxidative behaviour of iPP exposed to gamma radiation. Eur Polym J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2009.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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13
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Suljovrujic E. Gel production, oxidative degradation and dielectric properties of isotactic polypropylene irradiated under various atmospheres. Polym Degrad Stab 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Zhai W, Wang H, Yu J, Dong J, He J. Cell coalescence suppressed by crosslinking structure in polypropylene microcellular foaming. POLYM ENG SCI 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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15
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Structure and property modification of bimodal molecular weight distribution polyethylene by electron beam irradiation. Macromol Res 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03218737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Comparison of the molecular properties and morphology of polypropylenes irradiated under different atmospheres and after annealing. J Appl Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/app.23384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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17
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Krause B, Voigt D, Häuβler L, Auhl D, Münstedt H. Characterization of electron beam irradiated polypropylene: Influence of irradiation temperature on molecular and rheological properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/app.23453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Djourelov N, Suzuki T, Shantarovich V, Dobreva T, Ito Y. Transitions and relaxations in gamma-irradiated polypropylene studied by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2003.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Auhl D, Stange J, Münstedt H, Krause B, Voigt D, Lederer A, Lappan U, Lunkwitz K. Long-Chain Branched Polypropylenes by Electron Beam Irradiation and Their Rheological Properties. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma030579w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Reyes J, Albano C, Claro M, Moronta D. Electron spin resonance studies on PS, PP and PS/PP blends under gamma irradiation. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0969-806x(03)00084-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Fujiyama M, Yamane K, Ayama K, Inata H. Rheological properties of ionically crosslinked poly(propylene)-type thermoplastic elastomers. J Appl Polym Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/app.11350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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Fujiyama M, Kondou M, Ayama K, Inata H. Rheological properties of ionically and covalently crosslinked polypropylene-type thermoplastic elastomers. J Appl Polym Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/app.10644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Cavalieri F, Padella F, Bourbonneux S. High-energy mechanical alloying of thermoplastic polymers in carbon dioxide. POLYMER 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(01)00721-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Acierno D, Di Maio L, Iannelli P, Spadaro G, Valenza A. Macro-oriented network of liquid-crystalline polyesters: crosslinking induced by γ-irradiation and thermally activated reaction. POLYMER 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(99)00869-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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