Lipase production by immobilised Rhizopus arrhizus

Optimization and partial purification of a high-activity lipase synthesized by a newly isolated Acinetobacter from offshore waters of the Caspian Sea under solid-state fermentation

A new aerobic mesophilic bacterium was isolated from the southern coastal waters of the Caspian Sea which substantially produced an extracellular lipase in solid-state fermentation using milled coriander seeds (MCS) as support substrate.

Overview of fungal lipase: a review

Lipases (triacylglycerolacyl hydrolases, EC3.1.1.3) are class of enzymes which catalyze the hydrolysis of long-chain triglycerides. In this review paper, an overview regarding the fungal lipase production, purification, and application is discussed. The review describes various industrial applications of lipase in pulp and paper, food, detergent, and textile industries. Some important lipase-producing fungal genera include Aspergillus, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Candida, etc. Current fermentation process techniques such as batch, fed-batch, and continuous mode of lipase production in submerged and solid-state fermentations are discussed in details. The purification of lipase by hydrophobic interaction chromatography is also discussed. The development of mathematical models applied to lipase production is discussed with special emphasis on lipase engineering.

A novel thermostable lipase from basidiomycete Bjerkandera adusta R59: characterisation and esterification studies

Microbial lipases are widely diversified in their enzymatic properties and substrate specificities, which make them very attractive for industrial application. Partially purified lipase from Bjerkandera adusta R59 was immobilized on controlled porous glass (CPG) and its properties were compared with those of the free enzyme. The free and immobilized lipases showed optimal activities at 45 and 50 degrees C, respectively. Both enzyme forms were highly thermostable up to 60 degrees C. The enzymes were stable at pH from 6.0 to 9.0 and their optimal pH for activity was 7.0. The free lipase was more thermostable in n-hexane than in aqueous environment. Both lipase preparations had good stabilities in non-polar solvents and were capable of hydrolysing a variety of synthetic and natural fats. Non-immobilized lipase activity was inhibited by disulphide bond reagents, serine and thiol inhibitors, while EDTA and eserine had no effect on enzyme activity. All anionic detergents tested in experiments inhibited lipase activity. The free lipase showed good stability in the presence of commercial detergents at laundry pH and temperatures. Applications of free and immobilized lipases for esterification were also presented.

Olive-mill wastewaters: a promising substrate for microbial lipase production

The present study investigated the valorization of olive-mill wastewater (OMW) by its use as a possible growth medium for the microbial production of extra-cellular lipase. To this end, strains of Geotrichum candidum (NRRL Y-552 and Y-553), Rhizopus arrhizus (NRRL 2286 and ISRIM 383), Rhizopus oryzae (NRRL 6431), Aspergillus oryzae (NRRL 1988 and 495), Aspergillus niger (NRRL 334), Candida cylindracea (NRRL Y-17506) and Penicillium citrinum (NRRL 1841 and 3754, ISRIM 118) were screened. All strains were able to grow on the undiluted OMW, producing extra-cellular lipase activity. C. cylindracea NRRL Y-17506 showed the highest lipase activity on all the typologies of OMW used. Its lipase production on OMW was markedly affected by the type of nitrogen source and was induced by the addition of olive oil. The highest activity (9.23 IU ml(-1)) of the yeast was obtained on OMW supplemented with NH(4)Cl (2.4 g l(-1)) and olive oil (3.0 g l(-1)).

Enhanced production of Penicillium expansum PED-03 lipase through control of culture conditions and application of the crude enzyme in kinetic resolution of racemic Allethrolone

Alkaline lipase production was performed in submerged fermentation by Penicillium expansum PED-03. It was found that the suitable carbon source and nitrogen source for lipase production were 0.5% starch and 4.0% soybean meal, respectively. The maximal lipase activity (850 U/mL) of production was achieved at initial pH 5.5-6.0, 26 degrees C, 72 h. Tween-80 was an effective enhancer for lipase production. Agitation speed of the fermentor played an important role, and the suitable agitation speed for lipase production was 500 r/min. The lipase was stable within the range of pH 7.0-10.0 and 20-40 degrees C, and the optimum conditions for the enzymatic reaction were 35 degrees C and pH 9.5. The enzymatic resolution of racemic allethrolone (4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-(2-propenyl)-2- cyclopenten-1-one) was carried out by the lipase from P. expansum PED-03, and the conversion reached 48% with excellent enantioselectivity (E > 100), which showed a good application potential in the production of optically pure allethrolone.