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Ronat L, Rönnlund M, Adolfsson R, Hanganu A, Pudas S. Revised Temperament and Character Inventory factors predict neuropsychiatric symptoms and aging-related cognitive decline across 25 years. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1335336. [PMID: 38450380 PMCID: PMC10915205 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1335336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Personality traits and neuropsychiatric symptoms such as neuroticism and depression share genetic overlap and have both been identified as risks factors for development of aging-related neurocognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed to examine revised personality factors derived from the Temperament and Character Inventory, previously shown to be associated with psychiatric disorders, as predictors of neuropsychiatric, cognitive, and brain trajectories of participants from a population-based aging study. Methods Mixed-effect linear regression analyses were conducted on data for the full sample (Nmax = 1,286), and a healthy subsample not converting to AD-dementia during 25-year follow-up (Nmax = 1,145), complemented with Cox proportional regression models to determine risk factors for conversion to clinical AD. Results Two personality factors, Closeness to Experience (CE: avoidance of new stimuli, high anxiety, pessimistic anticipation, low reward seeking) and Tendence to Liabilities (TL: inability to change, low autonomy, unaware of the value of their existence) were associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms, stress (CE), sleep disturbance (TL), as well as greater decline in memory, vocabulary and verbal fluency in the full sample. Higher CE was additionally associated with greater memory decline across 25 years in the healthy subsample, and faster right hippocampal volume reduction across 8 years in a neuroimaging subsample (N = 216). Most, but not all, personality-cognition associations persisted after controlling for diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Concerning risks for conversion to AD, higher age, and APOE-ε4, but none of the personality measures, were significant predictors. Conclusion The results indicate that personality traits associated with psychiatric symptoms predict accelerated age-related neurocognitive declines even in the absence of neurodegenerative disease. The attenuation of some personality effects on cognition after adjustment for health indicators suggests that those effects may be partly mediated by somatic health. Taken together, the results further emphasize the importance of personality traits in neurocognitive aging and underscore the need for an integrative (biopsychosocial) perspective of normal and pathological age-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Ronat
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Neuroimaging of Emotions Lab, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medical and Translational Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Rolf Adolfsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Alexandru Hanganu
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Neuroimaging of Emotions Lab, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sara Pudas
- Department of Medical and Translational Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Forthman KL, Kuplicki R, Yeh HW, Khalsa SS, Paulus MP, Guinjoan SM. Transdiagnostic behavioral and genetic contributors to repetitive negative thinking: A machine learning approach. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 162:207-213. [PMID: 37178517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is a symptom that can negatively impact the treatment and course of common psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety. We aimed to characterize behavioral and genetic correlates of RNT to infer potential contributors to its genesis and maintenance. METHODS We applied a machine learning (ML) ensemble method to define the contribution of fear, interoceptive, reward, and cognitive variables to RNT, along with polygenic risk scores (PRS) for neuroticism, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), worry, insomnia, and headaches. We used the PRS and 20 principal components of the behavioral and cognitive variables to predict intensity of RNT. We employed the Tulsa-1000 study, a large database of deeply phenotyped individuals recruited between 2015 and 2018. RESULTS PRS for neuroticism was the main predictor of RNT intensity (R2=0.027,p<0.001). Behavioral variables indicative of faulty fear learning and processing, as well as aberrant interoceptive aversiveness, were significant contributors to RNT severity. Unexpectedly, we observed no contribution of reward behavior and diverse cognitive function variables. LIMITATIONS This study is an exploratory approach that must be validated with a second, independent cohort. Furthermore, this is an association study, limiting causal inference. CONCLUSIONS RNT is highly determined by genetic risk for neuroticism, a behavioral construct that confers risk to a variety of internalizing disorders, and by emotional processing and learning features, including interoceptive aversiveness. These results suggest that targeting emotional and interoceptive processing areas, which involve central autonomic network structures, could be useful in the modulation of RNT intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Forthman
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Avenue, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA
| | - Rayus Kuplicki
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Avenue, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA
| | - Hung-Wen Yeh
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Avenue, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA; Health Services & Outcomes Research, Children's Mercy Research Institute, 2401 Gilham Road, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA; School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2411 Holmes St, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Sahib S Khalsa
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Avenue, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA; Oxley College of Health Sciences, University of Tulsa, 1215 South Boulder Ave W, Tulsa, OK, 74119, USA
| | - Martin P Paulus
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Avenue, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA; Oxley College of Health Sciences, University of Tulsa, 1215 South Boulder Ave W, Tulsa, OK, 74119, USA
| | - Salvador M Guinjoan
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Avenue, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, The University of Oklahoma-Tulsa, Schusterman Center, 4502 E. 41st Street, Tulsa, OK, 74135, USA.
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He D, Wang X, Ye J, Yao Y, Wen Y, Jia Y, Meng P, Yang X, Wu C, Ning Y, Wang S, Zhang F. Evaluating the genetic interaction effects of gut microbiome and diet on the risk of neuroticism in the UK Biobank cohort. Psychiatr Genet 2023; 33:59-68. [PMID: 36924244 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study designed to investigate the effect of diet and gut microbiome on neuropsychiatric disorders, we explored the mechanisms of the interaction between diet and gut microbiome on the risk of neuroticism. METHODS First, using the individual genotype data from the UK Biobank cohort (N = 306 165), we calculated the polygenic risk score (PRS) based on 814 dietary habits single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 21 diet compositions SNPs and 1001 gut microbiome SNPs, respectively. Gut microbiome and diet-associated SNPs were collected from three genome-wide association studies (GWAS), including the gut microbiome (N = 3890), diet compositions (over 235 000 subjects) and dietary habits (N = 449 210). The neuroticism score was calculated by 12 questions from the Eysenck Personality Inventory Neuroticism scale. Then, regression analysis was performed to evaluate the interaction effects between diet and the gut microbiome on the risk of neuroticism. RESULTS Our studies demonstrated multiple candidate interactions between diet and gut microbiome, such as protein vs. Bifidobacterium (β = 4.59 × 10-3; P = 9.45 × 10-3) and fat vs. Clostridia (β = 3.67 × 10-3; P = 3.90 × 10-2). In addition, pieces of fresh fruit per day vs. Ruminococcus (β = -5.79 × 10-3, P = 1.10 × 10-3) and pieces of dried fruit per day vs. Clostridiales (β = -5.63 × 10-3, P = 1.49 × 10-3) were found to be negatively associated with neuroticism in fruit types. We also identified several positive interactions, such as tablespoons of raw vegetables per day vs. Veillonella (β = 5.92 × 10-3, P = 9.21 × 10-4) and cooked vegetables per day vs. Acidaminococcaceae (β = 5.69 × 10-3, P = 1.24 × 10-3). CONCLUSIONS Our results provide novel clues for understanding the roles of diet and gut microbiome in the development of neuroticism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan He
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Thuluvath AJ, Siddiqui O, Lai JC, Peipert J, Levitsky J, Daud A, Mazumder NR, Flores AM, Borja-Cacho D, Caicedo JC, Loftus C, Wong R, Mroczek D, Ladner DP. Personality Traits in Patients With Cirrhosis Are Different From Those of the General Population and Impact Likelihood of Liver Transplantation. Transplantation 2023; 107:420-428. [PMID: 36173424 PMCID: PMC10294608 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Personality traits influence clinical outcomes in chronic diseases, but their impact in cirrhosis is unknown. We studied the personality of patients with cirrhosis undergoing liver transplant (LT) evaluation and determined their correlation to clinical outcomes. METHODS A multicenter' prospective study of adult patients undergoing LT evaluation was performed from January 2018 to October 2019. The "Big Five" personality traits of conscientiousness, extraversion, openness, neuroticism, and agreeableness plus agency were assessed with the Midlife Development Inventory Personality Scale and compared with the general population. Frailty was assessed with the Liver Frailty Index. RESULTS Two hundred sixty-three LT candidates were enrolled. Twenty-four percent had hepatitis C virus, 25% nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and 25% ethyl alcohol (mean model for end-stage liver disease = 15.7). Compared with the general population, LT candidates had higher openness (3.1 versus 2.9; P < 0.001), extraversion (3.2 versus 3.1; P < 0.001), agreeableness (3.5 versus 3.4; P = 0.04), agency (2.9 versus 2.6; P < 0.001), neuroticism (2.2 versus 2.1; P = 0.001), and lower conscientiousness (3.3 versus 3.4; P = 0.007). Patients with higher conscientiousness were more likely to receive an LT (HR = 2.76; P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Personality traits in LT candidates differ significantly from the general population, with higher conscientiousness associated with a higher likelihood of receiving a transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avesh J. Thuluvath
- Northwestern University Transplant Research Collaborative (NUTORC), Comprehensive Transplant Center (CTC), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Osama Siddiqui
- Northwestern University Transplant Research Collaborative (NUTORC), Comprehensive Transplant Center (CTC), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Jennifer C. Lai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - John Peipert
- Northwestern University Transplant Research Collaborative (NUTORC), Comprehensive Transplant Center (CTC), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Josh Levitsky
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Amna Daud
- Northwestern University Transplant Research Collaborative (NUTORC), Comprehensive Transplant Center (CTC), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Nikhilesh R. Mazumder
- Northwestern University Transplant Research Collaborative (NUTORC), Comprehensive Transplant Center (CTC), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Anne-Marie Flores
- Northwestern University Transplant Research Collaborative (NUTORC), Comprehensive Transplant Center (CTC), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Daniel Borja-Cacho
- Northwestern University Transplant Research Collaborative (NUTORC), Comprehensive Transplant Center (CTC), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Division of Transplant, Department of Surgery, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Juan C. Caicedo
- Northwestern University Transplant Research Collaborative (NUTORC), Comprehensive Transplant Center (CTC), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Division of Transplant, Department of Surgery, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Corinne Loftus
- Northwestern University Transplant Research Collaborative (NUTORC), Comprehensive Transplant Center (CTC), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Randi Wong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Dan Mroczek
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Department of Psychology, Weinberg College of Arts & Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
| | - Daniela P. Ladner
- Northwestern University Transplant Research Collaborative (NUTORC), Comprehensive Transplant Center (CTC), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Division of Transplant, Department of Surgery, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, IL
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Gu Hong WC, Ferri J, Ampudia-Blasco FJ, Martín-Brufau R, Peiró M, Benito E, Martinez-Hervas S, Sanz MJ, Real JT. Effect of personality on blood glucose control in patients with type 1 diabetes. ENDOCRINOL DIAB NUTR 2022; 69:677-685. [PMID: 36470643 DOI: 10.1016/j.endien.2021.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) has a major impact on young people and their families. Psychosocial factors, patient motivation, participation and acceptance of the disease are essential to achieve good blood glucose control. Our aims were to analyse personality traits and how they are related to blood glucose control in patients with DM1. METHODS Sixty-two patients with DM1 over 18 years of age, with at least one-year disease duration and absence of advanced chronic complications were studied. Clinical, biological and personality parameters were measured. The Millon Index of Personality Styles was administered for personality assessment. RESULTS Significant correlations between different personality variables and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) values were found. Individuals with poor blood glucose control had significantly higher scores on the Feeling-guided (53.6±25.7 vs 36.2±26.8, p=0.021), Innovation-seeking (36.7±24.1 vs 21.9±21.4, p=0.025), Dissenting (41.1±24.4 vs 15.6±16.6, p=0.001), Submissive (41.5±25.1 vs 28.3±14.7, p=0.038) and Dissatisfied (37.5±27.5 vs 19.5±20.2, p=0.015) scales. This psychological profile is characterised by greater focus on emotions and personal values (feeling-guided), the tendency to reject conventional ideas (innovation-seeking), an aversion to complying with norms and a preference for autonomy (unconventional/dissenting), labile self-confidence (submissive/yielding) and expressed disagreement with others (dissatisfied/complaining). Factor analysis based on the main components of the variance yielded four factors. Factor characterised as related to rebelliousness or independent judgement and action was correlated with poor blood glucose control (r=0.402, p<0.05). CONCLUSION The rebellious or non-conformist personality type is closely associated with poor blood glucose control in patients with DM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Chen Gu Hong
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jordi Ferri
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research of Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Ampudia-Blasco
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research of Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Marta Peiró
- Institute of Health Research of Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) [Network Centre for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases], Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Benito
- Institute of Health Research of Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) [Network Centre for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases], Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Martinez-Hervas
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research of Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) [Network Centre for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases], Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Jesús Sanz
- Institute of Health Research of Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) [Network Centre for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases], Madrid, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Tomás Real
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research of Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) [Network Centre for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases], Madrid, Spain
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Gu Hong WC, Ferri J, Ampudia-Blasco FJ, Martín-Brufau R, Peiró M, Benito E, Martinez-Hervas S, Sanz MJ, Real JT. Effect of personality on blood glucose control in patients with type 1 diabetes. ENDOCRINOL DIAB NUTR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sauer-Zavala S, Fournier JC, Steele SJ, Woods BK, Wang M, Farchione TJ, Barlow DH. Does the unified protocol really change neuroticism? Results from a randomized trial. Psychol Med 2021; 51:2378-2387. [PMID: 32312357 PMCID: PMC7678331 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720000975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroticism is associated with the onset and maintenance of a number of mental health conditions, as well as a number of deleterious outcomes (e.g. physical health problems, higher divorce rates, lost productivity, and increased treatment seeking); thus, the consideration of whether this trait can be addressed in treatment is warranted. To date, outcome research has yielded mixed results regarding neuroticism's responsiveness to treatment, perhaps due to the fact that study interventions are typically designed to target disorder symptoms rather than neuroticism itself. The purpose of the current study was to explore whether a course of treatment with the unified protocol (UP), a transdiagnostic intervention that was explicitly developed to target neuroticism, results in greater reductions in neuroticism compared to gold-standard, symptom focused cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) protocols and a waitlist (WL) control condition. METHOD Patients with principal anxiety disorders (N = 223) were included in this study. They completed a validated self-report measure of neuroticism, as well as clinician-rated measures of psychological symptoms. RESULTS At week 16, participants in the UP condition exhibited significantly lower levels of neuroticism than participants in the symptom-focused CBT (t(218) = -2.17, p = 0.03, d = -0.32) and WL conditions(t(207) = -2.33, p = 0.02, d = -0.43), and these group differences remained after controlling for simultaneous fluctuations in depression and anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Treatment effects on neuroticism may be most robust when this trait is explicitly targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jay C. Fournier
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Brittany K. Woods
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mengxing Wang
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Todd J. Farchione
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David H. Barlow
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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Schetsche C, Mustaca AE. Attachment Styles, Personality, and Frustration Intolerance. Health Psychol Res 2021; 9:24551. [DOI: 10.52965/001c.24551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Cosma GA, Chiracu A, Stepan AR, Cosma MA, Nanu MC, Voinea F, Bibi KW, Păunescu C, Haddad M. COVID-19 Pandemic and Quality of Life among Romanian Athletes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18084065. [PMID: 33921546 PMCID: PMC8069478 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze athletes' quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study involved 249 athletes between 15 and 35 of age, M = 21.22, SD = 5.12. The sample was composed of eight Olympic Games medalists, three European medalists, 67 international medalists, and 63 national medalists. The instruments used were: (1) COVID-19 Anxiety Scale, (2) Athlete Quality of Life Scale, (3) Impact of Pandemic on Athletes Questionnaire, and (4) International Personality Item Pool (IPIP Anxiety, Depression, and Vulnerability Scales). The results indicate significant differences in COVID-19 anxiety depending on the sport practiced, F (9239) = 3.81, p < 0.01, showing that there were significant differences between sports. The negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic mediates the relationship between trait anxiety and the athletes' quality of life. The percentage of mediation was 33.9%, and the indirect effect was -0.11, CI 95% (-0.18, -0.03), Z = -2.82, p < 0.01. Trait anxiety has an increasing effect on the intensity of the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, 0.23, CI 95% (.10, 0.35), Z = 3.56, p < 0.01, and the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has a decreasing effect on quality of life, -0.47, CI 95% (-0.67, -0.27), Z = -4.62, p < 0.01. Gender and age did not moderate the relationship between the negative impact of COVID-19 and athletes' quality of life. The results of the study highlighted the impact that social isolation and quarantine have on athletes' affective well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germina-Alina Cosma
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Craiova, 200585 Craiova, Romania; (G.-A.C.); (A.R.S.); (M.A.C.); (M.C.N.)
| | - Alina Chiracu
- Faculty of Psychology and Science Education, University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Amalia Raluca Stepan
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Craiova, 200585 Craiova, Romania; (G.-A.C.); (A.R.S.); (M.A.C.); (M.C.N.)
| | - Marian Alexandru Cosma
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Craiova, 200585 Craiova, Romania; (G.-A.C.); (A.R.S.); (M.A.C.); (M.C.N.)
| | - Marian Costin Nanu
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Craiova, 200585 Craiova, Romania; (G.-A.C.); (A.R.S.); (M.A.C.); (M.C.N.)
| | - Florin Voinea
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University Ovidius of Constanța, 900470 Constanța, Romania;
| | - Khalid Walid Bibi
- Physical Education Department, College of Education, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar;
| | - Cătălin Păunescu
- Physical Education Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Monoem Haddad
- Physical Education Department, College of Education, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +974-3045-3309
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Bowden-Green T, Hinds J, Joinson A. Understanding neuroticism and social media: A systematic review. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Weston SJ, Graham EK, Turiano NA, Aschwanden D, Booth T, Harrison F, James BD, Lewis NA, Makkar SR, Mueller S, Wisniewski KM, Yoneda T, Zhaoyang R, Spiro A, Drewelies J, Wagner GG, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Demuth I, Willis S, Schaie KW, Sliwinski M, Lipton RA, Katz M, Deary IJ, Zelinski EM, Bennett DA, Sachdev PS, Brodaty H, Trollor JN, Ames D, Wright MJ, Gerstorf D, Allemand M, Muniz-Terrera G, Piccinin AM, Hofer SM, Mroczek DK. Is Healthy Neuroticism Associated with Chronic Conditions? A Coordinated Integrative Data Analysis. COLLABRA. PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 6:42. [PMID: 33073161 PMCID: PMC7566654 DOI: 10.1525/collabra.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Early investigations of the neuroticism by conscientiousness interaction with regards to health have been promising, but to date, there have been no systematic investigations of this interaction that account for the various personality measurement instruments, varying populations, or aspects of health. The current study - the second of three - uses a coordinated analysis approach to test the impact of the neuroticism by conscientiousness interaction on the prevalence and incidence of chronic conditions. Using 15 pre-existing longitudinal studies (N > 49,375), we found that conscientiousness did not moderate the relationship between neuroticism and having hypertension (OR = 1.00,95%CI[0.98,1.02]), diabetes (OR = 1.02[0.99,1.04]), or heart disease (OR = 0.99[0.97,1.01]). Similarly, we found that conscientiousness did not moderate the prospective relationship between neuroticism and onset of hypertension (OR = 0.98,[0.95,1.01]), diabetes (OR = 0.99[0.94,1.05]), or heart disease (OR = 0.98[0.94,1.03]). Heterogeneity of effect sizes was largely nonsignificant, with one exception, indicating that the effects are consistent between datasets. Overall, we conclude that there is no evidence that healthy neuroticism, operationalized as the conscientiousness by neuroticism interaction, buffers against chronic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara J. Weston
- University of Oregon, Department of Psychology, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Eileen K. Graham
- Northwestern University, Department of Medical Social Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nicholas A. Turiano
- West Virginia University, Department of Psychology and the West Virginia Prevention Research Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Damaris Aschwanden
- Florida State University, Department of Geriatrics, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Tom Booth
- University of Edinburgh, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Fleur Harrison
- University of New South Wales, Centre for Healthy Brain Aging, Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Bryan D. James
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nathan A. Lewis
- University of Victoria, Department of Psychology, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Steven R. Makkar
- University of New South Wales, Centre for Healthy Brain Aging, Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Swantje Mueller
- University of Hamburg, Berlin, Germany, Department of Psychology
- Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany, Department of Psychology
| | - Kristi M. Wisniewski
- University of Southern California, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tomiko Yoneda
- University of Victoria, Department of Psychology, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Ruixue Zhaoyang
- Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Avron Spiro
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Gert G. Wagner
- Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany, Department of Psychology
| | | | - Ilja Demuth
- Charite – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Sherry Willis
- University of Washington, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - K. Warner Schaie
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Human Development and Psychology, State College, PA, USA
| | - Martin Sliwinski
- Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | | | - Mindy Katz
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ian J. Deary
- University of Edinburgh, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Elizabeth M. Zelinski
- University of Southern California, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Perminder S. Sachdev
- University of New South Wales, Centre for Healthy Brain Aging, Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Henry Brodaty
- University of New South Wales, Centre for Healthy Brain Aging, Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Julian N. Trollor
- University of New South Wales, Centre for Healthy Brain Aging, Sydney NSW, Australia
- University of New South Wales, Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - David Ames
- University of Melbourne Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age and National Ageing Research Institute, Kew & Parkville, Australia
| | | | - Denis Gerstorf
- Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany, Department of Psychology
| | - Mathias Allemand
- University of Zurich, Department of Psychology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Scott M. Hofer
- University of Victoria, Department of Psychology, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Daniel K. Mroczek
- Northwestern University, Department of Medical Social Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern University, Department of Psychology, Evanston, IL, USA
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12
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Najjab A, Palka JM, Brown ES. Personality traits and risk of lifetime asthma diagnosis. J Psychosom Res 2020; 131:109961. [PMID: 32105866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.109961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Traits defined by the Five-Factor Model (FFM) of personality have been linked to physical health, leading to treatment implications and psychophysiological conceptualizations. Previous studies have reported a consistent link between neuroticism and asthma. This study aims to reinforce this finding and further its scope by looking at all five personality traits and lifetime asthma diagnosis. METHODS The current study examined associations between personality traits and lifetime asthma diagnosis in a sample of 3993 participants and, for the purposes of replication, a second sample of 1692 participant siblings. Personality was measured at a single time point in adulthood (mean age: 53 years), while asthma diagnosis by a medical professional was self-reported across three time points over a range of 54 years. A binary logistic regression was performed to examine the association between FFM personality traits and the likelihood of having endorsed asthma at any time point. RESULTS Higher scores in the traits of neuroticism (β = 0.024, p = .03, OR = 1.025) and openness (β = 0.041, p < .001, OR = 1.042) were associated with increased risk of lifetime asthma diagnosis, while the trait of conscientiousness (β = -0.034, p = .009, OR = 0.967) was associated with decreased risk of lifetime asthma diagnosis. The associations with neuroticism and openness were replicated in the sibling sample. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that research into certain personality traits might help us better understand psychophysiological connections. Neuroticism, openness, and conscientiousness might be salient factors in developing asthma education and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysha Najjab
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Jayme M Palka
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - E Sherwood Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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13
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Liao Z, Huang Q, Huang S, Tan L, Shao T, Fang T, Chen X, Lin S, Qi J, Cai Y, Shen H. Prevalence of Internet Gaming Disorder and Its Association With Personality Traits and Gaming Characteristics Among Chinese Adolescent Gamers. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:598585. [PMID: 33312143 PMCID: PMC7704426 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.598585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Internet gaming is extremely popular in China. However, some players overuse it, with negative outcomes. Knowing the prevalence rate and specific risk factors can provide a better understanding of the etiology of Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD). This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of IGD among Chinese adolescents and its association with their personality traits and Internet gaming characteristics. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was utilized in this study. Participants were recruited from 34 provincial administrative districts in China and consisted of 6,379 adolescent game players aged 15-25 (males/females = 3,701/2,678, mean age: 19.35 ± 1.61). A self-report structured questionnaire containing questions regarding demographic information and Internet gaming use characteristics, the Video Gaming Dependency Scale, and the Chinese Big Five Inventory-brief version, was used in the study. Results: The prevalence of IGD among Chinese adolescent game players was 17.0%. All participants were divided into the IGD group (males/females = 751/333, mean age: 19.74 ± 1.85) or the non-IGD group (males/females = 2,950/2,345, mean age: 19.27 ± 1.54). Specifically, twelve factors were significantly associated with IGD (p < 0.001), including neuroticism (β = 0.17), conscientiousness (β = -0.14), Internet gaming time per day (Hour) (β = 0.21), Internet gaming charge per month (Yuan) (β = 0.21), motive: escaping (β = 0.15), motive: sensation seeking (β = 0.13), motive: maintaining (β = 0.08), motive: coping (β = 0.06), having one or two long-term game partners (β = 0.06), male (β = 0.12), undergraduate and above (β = 0.04), and relationship status of couple (β = 0.04). Conclusion: Our findings offer evidence with respect to the prevalence of IGD and its relationships with specific personality traits and Internet gaming characteristics in China. It is necessary for Chinese parents, teachers, and social workers to pay more attention to adolescents' personality traits of high neuroticism and low conscientiousness, long time and high expense they spend on game, as well as their motives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjiang Liao
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiuping Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shucai Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth People's Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, China
| | - Linxiang Tan
- Education Center for Mental Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tianli Shao
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ting Fang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinxin Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuhong Lin
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Qi
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Cai
- Department of Psychiatry, Comorbid Somatic Diseases, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongxian Shen
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health of Central South University, Changsha, China
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14
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Bogdan A, Barnett C, Ali A, AlQwaifly M, Abraham A, Mannan S, Ng E, Bril V. Chronic stress, depression and personality type in patients with myasthenia gravis. Eur J Neurol 2019; 27:204-209. [PMID: 31408565 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Stress is a known risk factor for the onset and modulation of disease activity in autoimmune disorders. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine any associations between myasthenia gravis (MG) severity and chronic stress, depression and personality type. METHODS In all, 179 consecutive adult patients with confirmed MG attending the Neuromuscular Clinic between March 2017 and December 2017 were included. At baseline, patients were assessed clinically and they completed self-administered scales for disease severity, perceived stress, depression and personality type. RESULTS Higher disease severity [Myasthenia Gravis Impairment Index (MGII)] showed a moderate correlation with depression score (Beck's Depression Inventory, Second Edition, r = 0.52, P < 0.001) and a lower correlation with chronic stress (Trier Inventory for Assessment of Chronic Stress, r = 0.28, P = 0.001). Chronic stress scores were different according to personality types (anova, P = 0.02). The linear regression model with MGII score as the dependent variable showed R2 = 0.34, likelihood ratio chi-squared 74.55, with P < 0.0001. The only variables that predicted disease severity were depression scores (P < 0.0001) and female sex (P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS A significant association of MG severity with depression and chronic stress was found, as well as with female gender. These findings should raise awareness that the long-term management of MG should address depression and potential stress and consider behavioural management to prevent stress-related immune imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bogdan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Ellen and Martin Prosserman Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - C Barnett
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Ellen and Martin Prosserman Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A Ali
- National Neuroscience Institute, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M AlQwaifly
- College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Abraham
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - S Mannan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Ellen and Martin Prosserman Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - E Ng
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Ellen and Martin Prosserman Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - V Bril
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Ellen and Martin Prosserman Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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15
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Weston SJ, Hill PL, Edmonds GW, Mroczek DK, Hampson SE. No Evidence of "healthy neuroticism" in the Hawaii Personality and Health Cohort. Ann Behav Med 2019; 53:426-441. [PMID: 30010702 PMCID: PMC6330156 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kay055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterogeneity in the effects of trait neuroticism on mortality has inspired recent theories of "healthy neuroticism," or the possibility that neuroticism can lead people down either healthy or unhealthy behavioral pathways. The logical extension of this theory is that some construct-perhaps another trait, financial resource, or health-relevant situation-changes the relationship between neuroticism and health. The other possibility is that different components of neuroticism lead to different health behaviors and therefore different outcomes. PURPOSE The current study systematically examines the relationship between child and adult neuroticism and various health indicators including perceptions of health, behaviors, health outcomes, and biomarkers of health. Finally, we examine both potential moderators of the associations with neuroticism and examine its facet structure. METHODS The current study utilizes data from the Hawaii Longitudinal Study of Personality and Health, which includes both adult (IPIP-NEO) and childhood (teacher-reported) measures of personality and socioeconomic status, as well as a variety of health outcomes, from self-reported health and health behavior to biological markers, such as cholesterol and blood glucose levels. Sample sizes range from 299 to 518. RESULTS The relationship between neuroticism and health was not consistently moderated by any other variable, nor were facets of neuroticism differentially related to health. CONCLUSIONS Despite a systematic investigation of the potential "paths" which may differentiate the relationship of neuroticism to health, no evidence of healthy neuroticism was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara J Weston
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Patrick L Hill
- Psychological and Brain Sciences Department, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Daniel K Mroczek
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston IL, USA
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16
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Personality Functioning in Adolescents and Emerging Adults With Type 1 Diabetes. J Adolesc Health 2018; 63:792-798. [PMID: 30266568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although prior research has stressed the role of personality in adjusting to type 1 diabetes, longitudinal research is lacking. The objectives of the present study were twofold: (1) to chart the development of patients' personality over a 2-year period; and (2) to examine prospective associations among personality, treatment adherence, glycemic control, and diabetes-specific distress. METHODS Adolescents and emerging adults with type 1 diabetes, aged 14-25 years (Mage = 18.86 years, 54% female), participated in a three-wave longitudinal study spanning 2 years (n = 560 at Time 1). Patients filled out questionnaires on Big Five personality traits, treatment adherence, and diabetes-specific distress. HbA1c values were obtained from treating physicians. We used latent growth curve modeling to examine the development of patients' personality. Cross-lagged path analysis was performed to examine prospective associations among the study variables. RESULTS First, we observed mean-level increases in extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness over the course of the study. Second, we uncovered bidirectional associations between personality and several important indicators of adjustment. Lower conscientiousness and higher extraversion predicted a relative decrease in treatment adherence 1 year later. Poorer treatment adherence, in turn, predicted relative decreases in conscientiousness and agreeableness over time. Furthermore, lower emotional stability predicted a relative increase in distress 1 year later. Higher distress, in turn, predicted a relative decrease in agreeableness over time. Finally, lower conscientiousness predicted poorer glycemic control 1 year later. CONCLUSIONS This study found young patients to move toward a more mature personality and stressed the importance of personality in adjusting to type 1 diabetes.
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17
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O'Cleirigh C, Perry NS, Taylor SW, Coleman JN, Costa PT, Mayer KH, Safren SA. Personality Traits and Adaptive HIV Disease Management: Relationships with Engagement in Care and Condomless Anal Intercourse Among Highly Sexually Active Sexual Minority Men Living with HIV. LGBT Health 2018; 5:257-263. [PMID: 29694262 DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2016.0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to identify systematic relationships between personality domains and engagement in HIV care and secondary HIV prevention among sexual minority men living with HIV. METHODS This cross-sectional study examined the relationships between general personality traits of the Five-Factor Model of personality (e.g., Neuroticism and Conscientiousness) and engagement in medical care and condomless anal intercourse among a sample of highly sexually active sexual minority men living with HIV (N = 60). RESULTS Conscientiousness (B = -0.01, P < 0.05), Openness (B = -0.03, P < 0.05), and Extraversion (B = -0.03, P < 0.001) were each associated with engaging in fewer episodes of condomless anal intercourse and Conscientiousness alone was significantly related to having fewer sexual partners (B = -0.04, P < 0.001). Conscientiousness (odds ratio [OR] = 1.07, confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-1.13) and Extraversion (OR = 1.13, CI: 1.04-1.22) were both associated significantly with prevention service use. Conscientiousness alone was related to engagement in HIV medical case management (B = -0.11, P < 0.05), whereas both Conscientiousness (B = 0.41, P < 0.0001) and Neuroticism (B = -0.64, P < 0.001) were associated with perceived health. Furthermore, compared with the normative sample for the NEO-Personality Inventory-Revised, men in our sample scored significantly higher on Neuroticism and significantly lower on Conscientiousness (Ps < 0.05). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that enduring individual differences may account, in part, for some of the high levels of condomless anal intercourse reported by this group, as well as engagement in and use of prevention services. We suggest strategies for engaging this group in secondary HIV prevention programs and initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conall O'Cleirigh
- 1 Behavioral Medicine Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts.,3 The Fenway Institute , Fenway Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nicholas S Perry
- 1 Behavioral Medicine Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts.,4 Department of Psychology, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - S Wade Taylor
- 3 The Fenway Institute , Fenway Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,5 Department of Social Work, Wheelock College , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jessica N Coleman
- 1 Behavioral Medicine Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paul T Costa
- 6 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kenneth H Mayer
- 3 The Fenway Institute , Fenway Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,7 Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts.,8 Division of Infectious Diseases, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Steven A Safren
- 1 Behavioral Medicine Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts.,3 The Fenway Institute , Fenway Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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18
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The role of vigilance in the relationship between neuroticism and health: A registered report. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2017; 73:27-34. [PMID: 32394989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The theory of healthy neuroticism, that neuroticism can impact health through both negative and positive pathways, often relies on descriptions of vigilance to illustrate beneficial effects. The current study is among the first to describe the relationship of neuroticism to body vigilance and test the degree to which this relationship impacts health. In an online participant panel (N = 1055), neuroticism was associated with one factor of vigilance: sensation awareness belief. This factor had a suppression effect on the relationship between neuroticism and healthy behavior, such that the effect of neuroticism through vigilance was healthy, whereas the direct effect was unhealthy. We discuss the implications of these findings and caution against using vigilance to explain the heterogeneity in neuroticism-health relationships.
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19
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Novak JR, Anderson JR, Johnson MD, Hardy NR, Walker A, Wilcox A, Lewis VL, Robbins DC. Does Personality Matter in Diabetes Adherence? Exploring the Pathways between Neuroticism and Patient Adherence in Couples with Type 2 Diabetes. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2017; 9:207-227. [PMID: 28401663 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Personality has received some attention in the Type 2 diabetes literature; however, research has not linked personality and diabetes adherence behaviors (diet and exercise), identified pathways through which they are associated, nor taken into consideration important contextual factors that influence behavior (the patient's partner). METHODS Dyadic data from 117 married, heterosexual couples in which one member is diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes was used to explore associations between each partner's neuroticism and patient dietary and exercise adherence through the pathways of negative affect, depression symptoms, and couple-level diabetes efficacy (both patient and spouse report of confidence in the patient's ability to adhere to diabetes management regimens). RESULTS Results revealed that higher levels of neuroticism were associated with lower patient dietary and exercise adherence through (1) higher levels of depression symptoms (for patients' neuroticism) and negative affect (for spouses' neuroticism), and (2) lower levels of couple-level diabetes efficacy. CONCLUSIONS The results from this study provide evidence that both patient and spouse personality traits are associated with patient dietary and exercise adherence through increased emotional distress-albeit different emotional pathways for patients and spouses-and lower couple confidence in the patients' ability to manage their diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ann Walker
- University of Kansas Medical Center, USA
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20
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Esmaeilinasab M, Ebrahimi M, Mokarrar MH, Rahmati L, Mahjouri MY, Arzaghi SM. Type II diabetes and personality; a study to explore other psychosomatic aspects of diabetes. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2016; 15:54. [PMID: 27981040 PMCID: PMC5135803 DOI: 10.1186/s40200-016-0281-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background As one of the most common chronic diseases, diabetes and its control are affected by the patients’ psychological and spiritual attributes. The present study investigates the relationship between glycemic control in patients with type II diabetes and personality traits, defense mechanisms and spirituality. Method The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 Iranian patients with type II diabetes, 64% were men. Participants completed the NEO Personality Inventory, the Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ) and the Spiritual Assessment Inventory (SAI) and then underwent a blood sampling for the assessment of HbA1C levels. Results Of the five personality traits, extraversion (r = -0.13 and P < 0.01) and conscientiousness (r = -0.13 and P < 0.01) had significant negative relationships with HbA1C HbA1C levels, while neuroticism had a significant positive relationship with HbA1C levels (r = 0.12 and P < 0.05). Of the defense styles assessed, the neurotic style was found to have a significant negative relationship with HbA1C levels (r = -0.1 and P < 0.05). Also, of the spirituality elements, impression management had significant relationship with glycemic control (r = 0.17 and P < 0.001). Conclusion According to data, Extraversion and conscientiousness can help control blood sugar while anxiety and negative emotions have detrimental effects on glycemic control. As a result considering psychological counselling beside medical interventions can help to better treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehdi Ebrahimi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Leila Rahmati
- Department of Psychology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yoosef Mahjouri
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Masoud Arzaghi
- Fellowship in Psychosomatic Medicine, Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; EMRI, Dr Shariati Hospital, North Karegar St, Tehran, 14114 Iran
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21
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Docherty AR, Moscati A, Peterson R, Edwards AC, Adkins DE, Bacanu SA, Bigdeli TB, Webb BT, Flint J, Kendler KS. SNP-based heritability estimates of the personality dimensions and polygenic prediction of both neuroticism and major depression: findings from CONVERGE. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e926. [PMID: 27779626 PMCID: PMC5290344 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Biometrical genetic studies suggest that the personality dimensions, including neuroticism, are moderately heritable (~0.4 to 0.6). Quantitative analyses that aggregate the effects of many common variants have recently further informed genetic research on European samples. However, there has been limited research to date on non-European populations. This study examined the personality dimensions in a large sample of Han Chinese descent (N=10 064) from the China, Oxford, and VCU Experimental Research on Genetic Epidemiology study, aimed at identifying genetic risk factors for recurrent major depression among a rigorously ascertained cohort. Heritability of neuroticism as measured by the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) was estimated to be low but statistically significant at 10% (s.e.=0.03, P=0.0001). In addition to EPQ, neuroticism based on a three-factor model, data for the Big Five (BF) personality dimensions (neuroticism, openness, conscientiousness, extraversion and agreeableness) measured by the Big Five Inventory were available for controls (n=5596). Heritability estimates of the BF were not statistically significant despite high power (>0.85) to detect heritabilities of 0.10. Polygenic risk scores constructed by best linear unbiased prediction weights applied to split-half samples failed to significantly predict any of the personality traits, but polygenic risk for neuroticism, calculated with LDpred and based on predictive variants previously identified from European populations (N=171 911), significantly predicted major depressive disorder case-control status (P=0.0004) after false discovery rate correction. The scores also significantly predicted EPQ neuroticism (P=6.3 × 10-6). Factor analytic results of the measures indicated that any differences in heritabilities across samples may be due to genetic variation or variation in haplotype structure between samples, rather than measurement non-invariance. Findings demonstrate that neuroticism can be significantly predicted across ancestry, and highlight the importance of studying polygenic contributions to personality in non-European populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Docherty
- Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - A Moscati
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - R Peterson
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - A C Edwards
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - D E Adkins
- Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - S A Bacanu
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - T B Bigdeli
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - B T Webb
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - J Flint
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - K S Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
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Rassart J, Luyckx K, Goossens E, Oris L, Apers S, Moons P. A Big Five Personality Typology in Adolescents with Congenital Heart Disease: Prospective Associations with Psychosocial Functioning and Perceived Health. Int J Behav Med 2016; 23:310-318. [DOI: 10.1007/s12529-016-9547-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Kushnir J, Djerassi R, Sofer T, Kushnir T. Threat perception, anxiety and noncompliance with preoperative fasting instructions among mothers of children attending elective same day surgery. J Pediatr Surg 2015; 50:869-74. [PMID: 25783336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2014.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The current study examined possible links between threat perception, anxiety, conscientiousness and parental noncompliance with preoperative fasting instructions for their children. METHODS 100 mothers of children about to undergo an ambulatory elective surgery were divided to two equal groups based on compliance/noncompliance with pre surgery fasting requirements. Logistic regression analysis was preformed to predict compliance/noncompliance. In addition a logistic model estimating the effect of anxiety and conscientiousness levels, and their interaction, on the probability of fasting was performed. RESULTS Mothers who did not comply with fasting requirements perceived the procedure as more threatening, were more anxious and had lower conscientiousness levels. Additionally, mother's anxiety prior to surgery mediated the association between mothers' threat perception and compliance. Finally, conscientiousness moderated the anxiety and compliance association so that high conscientiousness levels reduced the effect of anxiety, elevating the likelihood of anxious mothers to comply with fasting guidelines. CONCLUSIONS Based on these findings we recommend medical staff to make significant efforts to identify highly anxious parents as early as possible during the preoperative process. Innovative assessment and intervention tools should be developed in order to conduct a smooth medical operation and reduce the chance of unnecessary and costly surgery cancelation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Kushnir
- School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center (IDC), Herzliya, Israel; The Child Psychiatry Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.
| | | | - Tamar Sofer
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Talma Kushnir
- Department of Public Health, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
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Barlow DH, Ellard KK, Sauer-Zavala S, Bullis JR, Carl JR. The Origins of Neuroticism. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2014; 9:481-96. [DOI: 10.1177/1745691614544528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we provide a fresh perspective on the developmental origins of neuroticism—a dimension of temperament marked by elevated stress reactivity resulting in the frequent experience of negative emotions. This negative affectivity is accompanied by a pervasive perception that the world is a dangerous and threatening place, along with beliefs about one’s inability to manage or cope with challenging events. Historically, neuroticism has been viewed as a stable, genetically based trait. However, recent understanding of ongoing gene–environment interactions that occur throughout the life span suggests there may be a more complex and dynamic etiology. Thus, the purpose of this article is to offer a theory for understanding the development of neuroticism that integrates genetic, neurobiological, and environmental contributions to this trait. Given the strong correlation between neuroticism and the development of negative health outcomes—most notably, the full range of anxiety and mood disorders—an enhanced understanding of how neuroticism originates has implications for the treatment and prevention of a broad range of pathologies and, perhaps, even for the prevention of neuroticism itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H. Barlow
- Center for Anxiety and Related Disorders and Department of Psychology, Boston University
| | | | - Shannon Sauer-Zavala
- Center for Anxiety and Related Disorders and Department of Psychology, Boston University
| | - Jacqueline R. Bullis
- Center for Anxiety and Related Disorders and Department of Psychology, Boston University
| | - Jenna R. Carl
- Center for Anxiety and Related Disorders and Department of Psychology, Boston University
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25
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Skinner TC, Bruce DG, Davis TME, Davis WA. Personality traits, self-care behaviours and glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle diabetes study phase II. Diabet Med 2014; 31:487-92. [PMID: 24147848 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine whether the personality traits of conscientiousness and agreeableness are associated with self-care behaviours and glycaemia in Type 2 diabetes. METHODS The Big Five Inventory personality traits Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Neuroticism and Openness were determined along with a range of other variables in 1313 participants with Type 2 diabetes (mean age 65.8 ± 11.1 years; 52.9% men) undertaking their baseline assessment as part of the community-based longitudinal observational Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II. Age- and sex-adjusted generalized linear modelling was used to determine whether personality was associated with BMI, smoking, self-monitoring of blood glucose and medication taking. Multivariable regression was used to investigate which traits were independently associated with these self-care behaviours and HbA1c . RESULTS Patients with higher conscientiousness were less likely to be obese or smoke, and more likely to perform self-monitoring of blood glucose and take their medications (P ≤ 0.019), with similar independent associations in multivariate models (P ≤ 0.024). HbA1c was independently associated with younger age, indigenous ethnicity, higher BMI, longer diabetes duration, diabetes treatment, self-monitoring of blood glucose (negatively) and less medication taking (P ≤ 0.009), but no personality trait added to the model. CONCLUSIONS Although there was no independent association between personality traits and HbA1c , the relationship between high conscientiousness and low BMI and beneficial self-care behaviours suggests an indirect positive effect on glycaemia. Conscientiousness could be augmented by the use of impulse control training as part of diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Skinner
- Rural Clinical School, University of Tasmania, Burnie, Tas, Australia
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26
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Rassart J, Luyckx K, Klimstra TA, Moons P, Groven C, Weets I. Personality and Illness Adaptation in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes: The Intervening Role of Illness Coping and Perceptions. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2014; 21:41-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s10880-014-9387-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Rassart J, Luyckx K, Moons P, Weets I. Personality and self-esteem in emerging adults with Type 1 diabetes. J Psychosom Res 2014; 76:139-45. [PMID: 24439690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2013.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study examined (1) mean-level differences in self-esteem and Big Five personality traits between individuals with and without diabetes; and (2) demographic, clinical, and psychological correlates of patients' self-esteem and Big Five. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 478 emerging adults with Type 1 diabetes (18-35 years old) were selected from the Belgian Diabetes Registry and completed questionnaires on personality, self-esteem, and diabetes-related distress. The control group consisted of 341 healthy participants who were matched (1:1) on sex and age with the patient group. RESULTS First, mean-level differences between patients and controls differed according to patients' sex and illness duration. Women with diabetes reported lower self-esteem and were less extraverted and emotionally stable as compared to female controls. In contrast, men with diabetes reported higher self-esteem and were more agreeable but less emotionally stable as compared to male controls. Furthermore, whereas both patients with shorter and longer illness duration were less extraverted and emotionally stable as compared to controls, only patients with longer illness duration reported heightened agreeableness. Second, self-esteem and Big Five were found to relate to patients' sex and (to a lesser extent) age and illness duration. Finally, patients reporting elevated diabetes-related distress reported lower self-esteem, and were less agreeable and emotionally stable as compared to patients not reporting such distress. CONCLUSIONS Patients' personality and self-esteem might be important targets for future prevention and intervention efforts. The present findings can assist healthcare professionals in identifying those patients who might benefit the most from such programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Philip Moons
- KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; University Hospitals of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ilse Weets
- Free University Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
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Müller KW, Beutel ME, Egloff B, Wölfling K. Investigating risk factors for Internet gaming disorder: a comparison of patients with addictive gaming, pathological gamblers and healthy controls regarding the big five personality traits. Eur Addict Res 2014; 20:129-36. [PMID: 24247280 DOI: 10.1159/000355832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Engaging in online games has become increasingly important as a part of leisure activity in adolescents and adults. While the majority of people use these games in a healthy way, epidemiological studies show that some develop excessive use and symptoms that are related to those of substance-related addictions. Despite increasing research concerning the epidemiology of internet gaming disorder (IGD), predisposing factors have been examined to a lesser extent. Knowing about specific risk factors would help clarify the nosological features of IGD and enhance prevention and intervention. This study aimed to evaluate the relationships between personality traits and IGD. A total of 115 patients meeting the criteria for IGD were compared to 167 control subjects displaying either regular or intense use of online games. Additionally, 115 patients meeting diagnostic criteria for pathological gambling were included. IGD was associated with higher neuroticism, decreased conscientiousness and low extraversion. The comparisons to pathological gamblers indicate that low conscientiousness and low extraversion in particular are characteristic of IGD. An integration of personality variables into an etiopathological model describing presumable mechanisms fostering and maintaining addictive online gaming is proposed. This model could be helpful for the theoretical understanding of addictive gaming, public health campaigns and psychoeducation within therapeutic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- K W Müller
- Outpatient Clinic for Behavioural Addictions, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Waller D, Johnston C, Molyneaux L, Brown-Singh L, Hatherly K, Smith L, Overland J. Glycemic control and blood glucose monitoring over time in a sample of young Australians with type 1 diabetes: the role of personality. Diabetes Care 2013; 36:2968-73. [PMID: 23835696 PMCID: PMC3781533 DOI: 10.2337/dc12-1743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether personality traits (conscientiousness, agreeableness, emotional regulation, extraversion, and openness to experience) are associated with glycemic control and blood glucose monitoring behavior, and change or stability of these outcomes over time, in young people with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A 3-year longitudinal study was conducted using data from 142 individuals with type 1 diabetes, 8-19 years of age. Personality was assessed at baseline using the Five-Factor Personality Inventory for Children. Data relating to glycemic control (HbA1c) and frequency of blood glucose monitoring (based on meter memory) were collected annually. Relationships between personality traits and HbA1c and monitoring frequency were examined using regression models and mixed-design ANOVA. RESULTS Three of the Five-Factor domains were independently associated with glycemic control. Individuals high in conscientiousness and agreeableness had a lower and more stable HbA1c across the 3-year study period. In contrast, the HbA1c of individuals scoring low on these traits was either consistently worse or deteriorated over time. Low or high emotional regulation scores were also associated with worse glycemic control. By the third year, these domains, together with initial HbA1c, accounted for 39% of HbA1c variance. Conscientiousness was the only personality factor associated with blood glucose monitoring behavior. CONCLUSIONS Results of this study underline the importance of personality in contributing to diabetes outcomes. Attention to a young person's personality, and appropriate tailoring of diabetes management to ensure an individualized approach, may help to optimize diabetes outcomes.
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Lawson VL, Bundy C, Belcher J, Harvey JN. Changes in Coping Behavior and the Relationship to Personality, Health Threat Communication and Illness Perceptions from the Diagnosis of Diabetes: A 2-year Prospective Longitudinal Study. Health Psychol Res 2013; 1:e20. [PMID: 26973905 PMCID: PMC4768579 DOI: 10.4081/hpr.2013.e20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Coping behavior is of critical importance in diabetes because of its impact upon self-care and hence eventual medical outcome. We examined how coping behavior and its relationship to personality, diabetes health threat communication (DHTC) and illness representations changes after diagnosis of diabetes. Newly diagnosed diabetic patients were assessed after diagnosis and at 6, 12 and 24 months using the DHTC, Illness Perceptions and Coping inventory questionnaires. Personality traits were assessed at baseline. Active coping, planning, positive reinterpretation and growth (PRG), seeking emotional and instrumental (social) support decreased over the 2 years from diagnosis while passive acceptance increased. Openness/intellect and conscientiousness traits were associated with active coping and seeking instrumental support. Openness/intellect also associated with planning and PRG. These relationships did not vary over time. Perceived threat and serious consequences were associated with active coping but the effect diminished over time. Illness coherence (understanding of diabetes), personal and treatment control were associated with active coping, planning and seeking instrumental support and did not change over time. The coping strategies most commonly employed by diabetic patients are adaptive. Coping behavior changes over the 2 years from diagnosis. Promoting better understanding of diabetes, perceptions of personal control and treatment effectiveness are more likely than perception of health threat to sustain adaptive problem focused coping behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christine Bundy
- University of Manchester, School of Medicine , Manchester, UK
| | - John Belcher
- Wales College of Medicine, Wrexham Academic Unit , Wrexham, UK
| | - John N Harvey
- Wales College of Medicine, Wrexham Academic Unit , Wrexham, UK
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Addressing the question of disorder-specific risk factors of internet addiction: a comparison of personality traits in patients with addictive behaviors and comorbid internet addiction. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:546342. [PMID: 23865056 PMCID: PMC3707207 DOI: 10.1155/2013/546342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Uncontrolled use of the internet has been reported to affect the lives of some users in a negative way. According to epidemiological studies, about 1% of the general population is showing signs of internet addiction. Since internet addiction is becoming a growing health concern, research on potential risk factors is becoming more important in order to develop strategies for prevention and to adopt therapeutic treatment. Although there are some studies investigating personality traits in internet addiction, most of these studies are based on samples of healthy subjects. In this research project, we compared personality profiles of a sample of patients in different rehabilitation centers. 70 patients with an addiction disorder that additionally met the criteria for internet addiction were compared to 48 patients suffering from alcohol dependence. Besides Big Five personality traits, we also assessed depressive symptoms. It was shown that patients with comorbid internet addiction can be discriminated from other patients by higher neuroticism and lower extraversion as well as lower conscientiousness. After controlling for depressive symptoms, lower conscientiousness especially turned out to be a disorder-specific risk factor. As internet addiction is related to unique patterns of personality traits and can be discriminated from alcohol dependence, treatment approaches are needed that meet the specific requirements of patients with internet addiction.
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Olivares-Tirado P, Leyton G, Salazar E. Personality factors and self-perceived health in Chi-lean elderly population. Health (London) 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2013.512a012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Aiken-Morgan AT, Bichsel J, Allaire JC, Savla J, Edwards CL, Whitfield KE. Personality as a Source of Individual Differences in Cognition among Older African Americans. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2012; 46:465-471. [PMID: 22962505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2012.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous research suggests that demographic factors are important correlates of cognitive functioning in African Americans; however, less attention has been given to the influence of personality. The present study explored how dimensions and facets of personality predicted individual variability in cognition in a sample of older African Americans from the Baltimore Study of Black Aging. Cognition was assessed by verbal learning and attention/working memory measures. Personality was measured by the NEO Personality Inventory. Linear regressions controlling for demographic factors showed that Neuroticism, Openness, and Agreeableness were significant regression predictors of cognitive performance. Individual facets of all five personality dimensions were also associated with cognitive performance. These findings suggest personality is important in understanding variability in cognition among older African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne T Aiken-Morgan
- Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3003, Durham, NC 27710 USA
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Wheeler K, Wagaman A, McCord D. Personality traits as predictors of adherence in adolescents with type I diabetes. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 2012; 25:66-74. [PMID: 22512523 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-6171.2012.00329.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
TOPIC Diabetes is a serious, chronic illness with long-term implications for health and lifestyle. Significant differences in health outcome may be achieved as a result of the degree of adherence to recommended diabetes management regimens. Adherence is a particularly challenging issue with adolescents with diabetes. PURPOSE The present study examined the association between primary personality traits and adolescent adherence to prescribed diabetes management regimens. SOURCES A measure of the five-factor model of personality was administered to a sample of adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Five self-reported indicators of adherence were assessed: blood glucose monitoring, insulin administration, diet, exercise, and most recent glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level. CONCLUSIONS Results revealed a pattern of significant correlations between the Conscientiousness and Neuroticism personality domains and one or more self-reported adherence behaviors. In addition, correlations were also found between one facet of Extraversion and one facet of Agreeableness. These suggestive results, if replicated in larger studies, provide useful information to clinicians as they design and monitor individualized diabetes management regimens for adolescents.
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Imayama I, Plotnikoff RC, Courneya KS, Johnson JA. Determinants of quality of life in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2011; 9:115. [PMID: 22182307 PMCID: PMC3258220 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7525-9-115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Limited evidence exists on the determinants of quality of life (QoL) specific to adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Further, it appears no study has compared the determinants of QoL between T1D and type 2 diabetes (T2D) groups. The objectives of this study were to examine: (1) determinants of QoL in adults with T1D; and, (2) differences in QoL determinants between T1D and T2D groups. Methods The Alberta Longitudinal Exercise and Diabetes Research Advancement (ALEXANDRA) study, a longitudinal study of adults with diabetes in Alberta, Canada. Adults (18 years and older) with T1D (N = 490) and T2D (N = 1,147) provided information on demographics (gender, marital status, education, and annual income), personality (activity trait), medical factors (diabetes duration, insulin use, number of comorbidities, and body mass index), lifestyle behaviors (smoking habits, physical activity, and diet), health-related quality of life (HRQL) and life satisfaction. Multiple regression models identified determinants of HRQL and life satisfaction in adults with T1D. These determinants were compared with determinants for T2D adults reported in a previous study from this population data set. Factors significantly associated with HRQL and life satisfaction in either T1D or T2D groups were further tested for interaction with diabetes type. Results In adults with T1D, higher activity trait (personality) score (β = 0.28, p < 0.01), fewer comorbidities (β = -0.27, p < 0.01), lower body mass index (BMI)(β = -0.12, p < 0.01), being a non-smoker (β = -0.14, p < 0.01), and higher physical activity levels (β = 0.16, p < 0.01) were associated with higher HRQL. Having a partner (β = 0.11, p < 0.05), high annual income (β = 0.16, p < 0.01), and high activity trait (personality) score (β = 0.27, p < 0.01) were significantly associated with higher life satisfaction. There was a significant age × diabetes type interaction for HRQL. The T2D group had a stronger positive relationship between advancing age and HRQL compared to the T1D group. No interaction was significant for life satisfaction. Conclusions Health services should target medical and lifestyle factors and provide support for T1D adults to increase their QoL. Additional social support for socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals living with this disease may be warranted. Health practitioners should also be aware that age has different effects on QoL between T1D and T2D adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuyo Imayama
- Centre for Health Promotion Studies, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, (T6G 2B3), Canada
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Furnham A. Are modern health worries, personality and attitudes to science associated with the use of complementary and alternative medicine? Br J Health Psychol 2010; 12:229-43. [PMID: 17456283 DOI: 10.1348/135910706x100593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether personality traits, modern health worries (MHWs) and attitudes to science predict attitudes to, and beliefs about, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). This study set out to test whether belief in, and use of CAM was significantly associated with high levels of MHWs, a high level of neuroticism and sceptical attitudes towards science. METHODS Two hundred and forty-three British adults completed a four part questionnaire that measured MHWs, the Big Five personality traits and beliefs about science and medicine and attitudes to CAM. RESULTS There were many gender differences in MHWs (females expressed more), though results were similar to previous studies. Contrary to prediction, personality traits were not related to MHWs, CAM usage or beliefs about CAM. Regular and occasional users of CAM did have higher MHWs than those non or infrequent users. Those with high totalled MHWs also tended to believe in the importance of psychological factors in health and illness, as well as the potential harmful effects of modern medicine. Young males who had positive attitudes to science were least likely to be CAM users. Further, positive attitudes to science were associated with increased scepticism about CAM. CONCLUSION Concern about health, belief about modern medicine and CAM are logically inter-related. Those who have high MHWs tend to be more sceptical about modern medicine and more convinced of the possible role of psychological factors in personal health and illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Furnham
- Department of Psychology, University College London, UK.
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Lawson VL, Bundy C, Belcher J, Harvey JN. Mediation by illness perceptions of the effect of personality and health threat communication on coping with the diagnosis of diabetes. Br J Health Psychol 2010; 15:623-42. [DOI: 10.1348/135910709x478664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Who can respond to treatment? Identifying patient characteristics related to heterogeneity of treatment effects. Med Care 2010; 48:S9-16. [PMID: 20473205 DOI: 10.1097/mlr.0b013e3181d99161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interest in comparative effectiveness research and the rising number of negative or "small effect" trials have stimulated research into differential response to treatment among subgroups of patients. OBJECTIVE To develop and test the Potential for Benefit Scale (PBS), a composite measure to identify subgroups of patients with differential potential for response to treatment, using diabetes as a model. DESIGN Cross-sectional and longitudinal cohort study. SUBJECTS AND SETTING Type 2 diabetes patients (n = 1361) were identified from 7 outpatient clinics serving a diverse population. Of these, 611 completed a 1-year follow-up. MEASURES To represent patients' health status, we used the Total Illness Burden Index, the Physical Function Index of the SF-36, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and the Diabetes Burden Scale. To represent personality characteristics related to health, we used the Provider-Dependent Health Care Orientation scale. We assessed the contribution of these measures to a composite scale of patients' potential for treatment response in terms of self-reported medication adherence and glycemic control. RESULTS Principal components analysis confirmed associations among these measures. The internal consistency reliability of the PBS was adequate (Cronbach alpha = 0.65). Patients in the lowest versus highest quartile of the PBS reported poorer adherence (18% vs. 55%, P < 0.001) and poorer glycemic control at baseline (mean hemoglobin A1c values: 7.75 vs. 7.39, P < 0.001). Those in the highest quartile of the PBS also were more likely to reach target values for glycemic control (HbA1c <7%) at 1-year follow-up, (adjusted OR = 1.61, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The PBS, a composite scale, may be helpful in identifying patients with differential potential for response to treatment.
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Hall PA, Rodin GM, Vallis TM, Perkins BA. The consequences of anxious temperament for disease detection, self-management behavior, and quality of life in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Psychosom Res 2009; 67:297-305. [PMID: 19773022 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2009.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2008] [Revised: 02/28/2009] [Accepted: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to examine the consequences of anxious temperament for disease detection, self-management behavior, and quality of life in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHOD A sample of 204 individuals newly diagnosed with T2DM completed measures of anxious temperament, self-management behavior, and quality of life; participants also supplied a blood sample for glycated hemoglobin (A1C) analysis at initial diagnosis (baseline) and at 6-month follow-up (as indicators of disease progression at diagnosis and achieved glycemic control, respectively). RESULTS Anxious temperament was inversely associated with A1C at both baseline and at 6-month follow-up. However, the association between anxious temperament and A1C at follow-up was mostly accounted for by the association between anxious temperament and baseline A1C and not by the uptake of self-management behaviors after diagnosis. Higher levels of anxious temperament were also associated with an increased likelihood of having been diagnosed with a prediabetic condition but were associated with poorer quality of life at both time points. CONCLUSION Anxious temperament appears to be a double-edged sword that may facilitate early detection but not subsequent behavioral or emotional adjustment to T2DM.
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Personality traits and chronic illness: a comparison of individuals with psychiatric, coronary heart disease, and HIV/AIDS diagnoses. Appl Nurs Res 2009; 24:74-81. [PMID: 20974064 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnr.2009.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2008] [Revised: 02/02/2009] [Accepted: 04/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This secondary analysis used the five-factor model of personality to examine personality traits in four samples of patients with chronic disorders. Profiles of personality traits differed across disorders. Although participants with psychiatric disorders and participants with HIV/AIDS had similar patterns of personality traits, patients with psychiatric disorders were more extreme on all traits except agreeableness. Patients with hyperlipidemia and those who had cardiothoracic transplants had similar patterns. Nurses and researchers need to consider personality traits that drive patterns of behavior in designing more effective ways to promote better health and manage disease.
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Abstract
The personality trait of neuroticism refers to relatively stable tendencies to respond with negative emotions to threat, frustration, or loss. Individuals in the population vary markedly on this trait, ranging from frequent and intense emotional reactions to minor challenges to little emotional reaction even in the face of significant difficulties. Although not widely appreciated, there is growing evidence that neuroticism is a psychological trait of profound public health significance. Neuroticism is a robust correlate and predictor of many different mental and physical disorders, comorbidity among them, and the frequency of mental and general health service use. Indeed, neuroticism apparently is a predictor of the quality and longevity of our lives. Achieving a full understanding of the nature and origins of neuroticism, and the mechanisms through which neuroticism is linked to mental and physical disorders, should be a top priority for research. Knowing why neuroticism predicts such a wide variety of seemingly diverse outcomes should lead to improved understanding of commonalities among those outcomes and improved strategies for preventing them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin B Lahey
- Department of Health Studies, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Dumitrescu A, Kawamura M, Zetu L, Teslaru S. Investigating the Relationship Among Self-Reported Oral Health Status, Oral Health–Related Behaviors, and Self-Consciousness in Romanian Dental Patients. J Periodontol 2009; 80:468-75. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2009.080412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Terracciano A, Löckenhoff CE, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L, Costa PT. Personality predictors of longevity: activity, emotional stability, and conscientiousness. Psychosom Med 2008; 70:621-7. [PMID: 18596250 PMCID: PMC2505356 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0b013e31817b9371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between personality traits and longevity. METHODS Using the Guilford-Zimmerman Temperament Survey, personality traits were assessed in 2359 participants (38% women; age = 17 to 98 years, mean = 50 years) from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, starting in 1958. Over the duration of the study, 943 (40%) participants died, on average 18 years after their personality assessment. The association of each trait with longevity was examined by Cox regression controlling for demographic variables. RESULTS In preliminary analyses among the deceased, those who scored 1 standard deviation (SD) above the mean on General Activity (a facet of Extraversion), Emotional Stability (low Neuroticism), or Conscientiousness lived on average 2 to 3 years longer than those scoring 1 SD below the mean. Survival analyses on the full sample confirmed the association of General Activity, Emotional Stability, and Conscientiousness with lower risk of death, such that every 1-SD increase was related to about 13%, 15%, and 27% risk reduction, respectively. The association of personality traits with longevity was largely independent from the influence of smoking and obesity. Personality predictors of longevity did not differ by sex, except for Ascendance (a facet of Extraversion). Emotional Stability was a significant predictor when the analyses were limited to deaths due to cardiovascular disease, with comparable effect sizes for General Activity and Conscientiousness. CONCLUSIONS In a large sample of generally healthy individuals followed for almost five decades, longevity was associated with being conscientious, emotionally stable, and active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Terracciano
- Laboratory of Personality and Cognition, National Institute on Aging, NIH, DHHS, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Friedman HS. The multiple linkages of personality and disease. Brain Behav Immun 2008; 22:668-75. [PMID: 17949943 PMCID: PMC2464619 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2007.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2007] [Revised: 09/06/2007] [Accepted: 09/07/2007] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Associations between personality and health and longevity are increasingly well documented, but the causal inter-connections are often much more complex than originally anticipated. Multiple causal pathways may operate simultaneously as the individual travels an idiosyncratic route across the life-span. Therefore, a straightforward model of personality, immunity, and disease may never be established and validated, because it overlooks other key elements of the causal processes. Psychoneuroimmunology research may profit from closer integration into the broader conceptual understandings of personality and health, using a new life-span epidemiological personality approach.
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Ironson GH, O'Cleirigh C, Weiss A, Schneiderman N, Costa PT. Personality and HIV disease progression: role of NEO-PI-R openness, extraversion, and profiles of engagement. Psychosom Med 2008; 70:245-53. [PMID: 18256349 PMCID: PMC2621315 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0b013e31816422fc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the role of the big five personality domains (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness) and their respective facets and profiles on change in CD4 and log HIV-RNA copies/ml (VL) over 4 years. The examination of psychosocial predictors of disease progression in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has focused primarily on depression, coping, and stress, with little attention paid to stable individual differences. METHODS A diverse sample of HIV-seropositive patients (n = 104) completed personality assessment (NEO-PI-R), underwent comprehensive psychological assessment and blood samples every 6 months for 4 years. Linear rates of change for CD4 cells and VL were modeled using Hierarchical Linear Modeling controlling for antiretrovirals (time dependent covariate), initial disease status, age, gender, ethnicity, and education. RESULTS Domains that were significantly associated with slower disease progression over 4 years included Openness (CD4, VL), Extraversion (CD4, VL), and Conscientiousness (VL). Facets of the above domains that were significantly related to slower disease progression were assertiveness, positive emotions, and gregariousness (Extraversion); ideas, esthetics (Openness); achievement striving and order (Conscientiousness). In addition, profile analyses suggested personality styles which seem to underscore the importance of remaining engaged (e.g., Creative Interactors (E+O+), Upbeat Optimists (N-E+), Welcomers (E+A+), Go Getters (C+E+), and Directed (N-C+)) had slower disease progression, whereas the "homebody" profile (Low Extraversion-Low Openness) was significantly associated with faster disease progression. CONCLUSIONS These results provide good initial evidence of the relationship between personality and disease progression in HIV and suggest protective aspects of profiles of engagement. These finding may help identify those individuals at risk for poorer disease course and specify targets for psychosocial interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail H Ironson
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, P.O. Box 248185, Coral Gables, FL 33124-2070, USA.
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Vollrath ME, Landolt MA, Gnehm HE, Laimbacher J, Sennhauser FH. Child and parental personality are associated with glycaemic control in Type 1 diabetes. Diabet Med 2007; 24:1028-33. [PMID: 17593242 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02215.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Little is known about the influence of the personality of the child and the personalities of the child's parents on glycaemic control in Type 1 diabetes. Our objective was to examine the extent to which glycaemic control is associated with the child's and the parents' stable personality traits, using the Big Five personality model as the basic framework. METHODS Participants were 64 children (aged 6-16 years) with recent-onset Type 1 diabetes and their parents. Glycaemic control (HbA(1c)) was assessed at 6 months, 1 year and 2 years after diagnosis; personality was assessed at 4-6 weeks, 6 months and 1 year after diagnosis. Associations of personality with mean HbA(1c) over 2 years were examined. RESULTS Children with better glycaemic control had a personality pattern of high Agreeableness, high Conscientiousness and low Neuroticism. Mothers of children with better glycaemic control showed a similar personality pattern, whereas the personality of the father was only marginally related to glycaemic control. Children's Conscientiousness and mothers' Agreeableness together predicted 18% of the variability in mean HbA(1c). All associations were unchanged when we controlled for child's age. CONCLUSIONS Glycaemic control in the child was associated with the same child and maternal personality characteristics that influence treatment adherence, health-promoting behaviours and general adjustment in adult populations. In future, studies are needed to examine attitudinal and behavioural mediators of this relationship. It is suggested that attention to the personalities of the child and the mother can help to tailor diabetes education to the individual child.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Vollrath
- Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
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Brummett BH, Babyak MA, Williams RB, Barefoot JC, Costa PT, Siegler IC. NEO personality domains and gender predict levels and trends in body mass index over 14 years during midlife. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2004.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Goodwin RD, Cox BJ, Clara I. Neuroticism and Physical Disorders Among Adults in the Community: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey. J Behav Med 2006; 29:229-38. [PMID: 16724279 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-006-9048-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
To examine the association between neuroticism and physical disorders among adults in the United States, data were drawn from the National Comorbidity Survey (n = 5,877). Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between neuroticism and physical disorders among adults in the community, adjusting for differences in demographic characteristics and comorbid mental disorders.Results indicated that neuroticism was associated with significantly elevated rates of a wide range of physical disorders, with the exception of stroke. After adjusting for differences in demographic characteristics and comorbid mental disorders, neuroticism was associated with increased odds of arthritis (OR = 1.5), diabetes (OR = 3.33), kidney/liver disease (OR = 2.56), stomach/gallbladder problems (OR = 2.27), and ulcer (OR = 3.23). Based on those findings, neuroticism appears to be a general predictor of a range of physical health problems among adults in the United States. Much of this association appears to be partially mediated by comorbid mental disorders, yet the association between neuroticism and arthritis, diabetes, kidney/liver disease, stomach problems, and ulcer persist even after adjusting for differences in demographic characteristics and comorbid mental disorders. Future studies that can examine the nature and mechanism of these linkages across the lifespan are needed next.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee D Goodwin
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York 10032, USA.
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Pollock-BarZiv SM, Davis C. Personality factors and disordered eating in young women with type 1 diabetes mellitus. PSYCHOSOMATICS 2005; 46:11-8. [PMID: 15765816 DOI: 10.1176/appi.psy.46.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The authors examined the association between the presence of personality variables implicated in the pathogenesis of eating disorders and the presence of eating disorder symptoms in 51 women with type 1 diabetes. Subjects were assessed with interview instruments and self-report questionnaires, including scales measuring eating disorder symptoms, borderline personality characteristics, and perfectionism. Fourteen subjects displayed moderate to severe eating disorder symptoms. Perfectionism was related to attitudinal aspects of eating disorders (e.g., weight preoccupation), and borderline personality characteristics were related to disordered behaviors (e.g., insulin omission) and poor glycemic control. The results suggest that personality factors are related to disordered eating and poor glycemic control in diabetic women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey M Pollock-BarZiv
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Graduate Studies, York University/University Health Network.
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Brody S, Potterat JJ, Muth SQ, Woodhouse DE. Psychiatric and characterological factors relevant to excess mortality in a long-term cohort of prostitute women. JOURNAL OF SEX & MARITAL THERAPY 2005; 31:97-112. [PMID: 15859370 DOI: 10.1080/00926230590477943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported on the causes of death in a 30-year open cohort of 1,969 prostitute women. Excess mortality was mostly accounted for by homicide, suicide, drug and alcohol toxicity, and AIDS, with AIDS deaths occurring in prostitutes identified as injecting drug users. Presently, we examine observed mortality trends in light of the literature on personality and psychopathological characteristics reported for prostitute women, and with reports linking such personality characteristics to excess mortality. We observed consistency between the observed pattern of mortality in prostitute women and mortality that would be expected in a sample of persons at high risk for antisocial and borderline personality disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Brody
- Institute for Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Germany.
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