1
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Zheng Y, Dong QX, Wen SY, Ran H, Huang HM. Di-π-ethane Rearrangement of Cyano Groups via Energy-Transfer Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38788197 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Molecular rearrangement occupies a pivotal position among fundamental transformations in synthetic chemistry. Radical translocation has emerged as a prevalent synthetic tool, efficiently facilitating the migration of diverse functional groups. In contrast, the development of di-π-methane rearrangement remains limited, particularly in terms of the translocation of cyano functional groups. This is primarily attributed to the energetically unfavorable three-membered-ring transition state. Herein, we introduce an unprecedented di-π-ethane rearrangement enabled by energy-transfer catalysis under visible light conditions. This innovative open-shell rearrangement boasts broad tolerance toward a range of functional groups, encompassing even complex drug and natural product derivatives. Overall, the reported di-π-ethane rearrangement represents a complementary strategy to the development of radical translocation enabled by energy-transfer catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Qi-Xin Dong
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Shu-Ya Wen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Hui Ran
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Huan-Ming Huang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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2
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Derat E, Masson G, Claraz A. Electrochemically-Driven 1,4-Aryl Migration via Radical Fluoromethylation of N-Allylbenzamides: a Straightforward Access to Functionalized β-Arylethylamines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202406017. [PMID: 38687085 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
An electrochemical radical Truce Smiles rearrangement of N-allylbenzamides is documented herein. The selective 1,4-aryl migration was triggered by the radical fluoromethylation of the alkene providing a direct route to fluoro derivatives of the highly privileged β-arylethylamine pharmacophore. This practical transformation utilizes readily available starting materials and employs an electrical current to drive the oxidative process under mild reaction conditions. It accommodates a variety of migratory aryl groups with different electronic properties and substitution patterns. Careful selection of the protecting group on the nitrogen atom of the N-allylbenzamide is crucial to outcompete the undesired 6-endo cyclization and achieve high level of selectivity towards the 1,4-aryl migration. DFT calculations support the reaction mechanism and unveil the origin of selectivity between the two competitive pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Derat
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 Place Jussieu, CC 229, 75252, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Géraldine Masson
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- HitCat, Seqens-CNRS joint laboratory, Seqens'lab, 8 rue de Rouen, 78440, Porcheville, France
| | - Aurélie Claraz
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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3
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Wang J, Wu X, Cao Z, Zhang X, Wang X, Li J, Zhu C. E-Selective Radical Difunctionalization of Unactivated Alkynes: Preparation of Functionalized Allyl Alcohols from Aliphatic Alkynes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309022. [PMID: 38348551 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Radical difunctionalization of aliphatic alkynes provides direct access to valuable multi-substituted alkenes, but achieving a high level of chemo- and stereo-control remains a formidable challenge. Herein a novel photoredox neutral alkyne di-functionalization is reported through functional group migration followed by a radical-polar crossover and energy transfer-enabled stereoconvergent isomerization of alkenes. In this sequence, a hydroxyalkyl and an aryl group are incorporated concomitantly into an alkyne, leading to diversely functionalized E-allyl alcohols. The scope of alkynes is noteworthy, and the reaction tolerates aliphatic alkynes containing hydrogen donating C─H bonds that are prone to intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer. The protocol features broad functional group compatibility, high product diversity, and exclusive chemo- and stereoselectivity, thus providing a practical strategy for the elusive radical di-functionalization of unactivated alkynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Xinxin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Zhu Cao
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
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4
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Babcock DJ, Wolfram AJ, Barney JL, Servagno SM, Sharma A, Nacsa ED. A free-radical design featuring an intramolecular migration for a synthetically versatile alkyl-(hetero)arylation of simple olefins. Chem Sci 2024; 15:4031-4040. [PMID: 38487219 PMCID: PMC10935719 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06476j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
A free-radical approach has enabled the development of a synthetically versatile alkyl-(hetero)arylation of olefins. Alkyl and (hetero)aryl groups were added concurrently to a full suite of mono- to tetrasubstituted simple alkenes (i.e., without requiring directing or electronically activating groups) for the first time. Key advances also included the introduction of synthetically diversifiable alkyl groups featuring different degrees of substitution, good diastereocontrol in both cyclic and acyclic settings, the addition of biologically valuable heteroarenes featuring Lewis basic nitrogen atoms as well as simple benzenes, and the generation of either tertiary or quaternary benzylic centers. The synthetic potential of this transformation was demonstrated by leveraging it as the key step in a concise synthesis of oliceridine, a new painkiller that received FDA approval in 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan J Babcock
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Chemistry University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Andrew J Wolfram
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Chemistry University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Jaxon L Barney
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Chemistry University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Santino M Servagno
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Chemistry University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Ayush Sharma
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Chemistry University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Eric D Nacsa
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Chemistry University Park PA 16802 USA
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5
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Hoogesteger RH, Murdoch N, Cordes DB, Johnston CP. Cobalt-Catalyzed Wagner-Meerwein Rearrangements with Concomitant Nucleophilic Hydrofluorination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308048. [PMID: 37409777 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
We report a cobalt-catalyzed Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement of gem-disubstituted allylarenes that generates fluoroalkane products with isolated yields up to 84 %. Modification of the counteranion of the N-fluoropyridinium oxidant suggests the substrates undergo nucleophilic fluorination during the reaction. Subjecting the substrates to other known metal-mediated hydrofluorination procedures did not lead to observable 1,2-aryl migration. Thus, indicating the unique ability of these cobalt-catalyzed conditions to generate a sufficiently reactive electrophilic intermediate capable of promoting this Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reece H Hoogesteger
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Nicola Murdoch
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - David B Cordes
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Craig P Johnston
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
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6
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Ma S, Guo Y, Liu L, Shi L, Lei X, Duan X, Jiao P. gem-Bromonitroalkane Involved Radical 1,2-Aryl Migration of α,α-Diaryl Allyl Alcohol TMS Ether via Visible-Light Photoredox Catalysis. J Org Chem 2023; 88:4743-4756. [PMID: 36971723 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
A mild and efficient coupling method concerning the reactions of gem-bromonitroalkanes with α,α-diaryl allyl alcohol trimethylsilyl ethers was reported. A cascade consisting of visible-light-induced generation of an α-nitroalkyl radical and a subsequent neophyl-type rearrangement was key to realize the coupling reactions. Structurally diverse α-aryl-γ-nitro ketones, especially those bearing a nitrocyclobutyl structure, were prepared in moderate to high yields, which could be converted into spirocyclic nitrones and imines.
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7
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Visible-light-induced selective alkylsulfonylation of unactivated alkenes via remote heteroaryl migrations. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
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8
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Zhang Z, Wang J, Yu M, Ye S, Wu J. Construction of β-Amino Sulfones from Sodium Metabisulfite via a Radical 1,4-Amino Migration. Org Lett 2023; 25:304-308. [PMID: 36583507 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A three-component reaction of alkenyl-tethered oxime ethers, sodium metabisulfite, and aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates under mild conditions is developed. This reaction proceeds at room temperature without any oxidants or additives, affording β-amino sulfones with good functional group tolerance through aminosulfonylation of unactivated alkene. Mechanistic studies show that this transformation undergoes a radical process, including radical trapping with sulfur dioxide and radical 1,4-amino migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Jianyan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Mengxia Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Shengqing Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Jie Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Taizhou 318000, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
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9
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Wu Z, Zhang X, Xu N, Liu X, Feng X. Asymmetric Catalytic Aerobic Oxidative Radical Addition/Hydroxylation/1,4-Aryl Migration Reaction of Olefins. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhikun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Nian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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10
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Wang Z, Chang C, Chen Y, Wu X, Li J, Zhu C. Remote desaturation of hexenenitriles by radical-mediated cyano migration. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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11
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Zeng W, Li L, Wang C, Wang D, Zhou L. Synthesis of 3‐Amino‐1‐(difluoromethylidene)‐tetralins via Relay Photocatalytic Cascade Reactions of Arylalanines and 2‐Bromo‐3,3,3‐trifluoropropene. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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12
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Lei Z, Wei S, Zhou L, Zhang Z, Lopez SE, Dolbier WR. Photocatalytic difluoromethylarylation of unactivated alkenes via a (hetero)aryl neophyl-like radical migration. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5712-5715. [PMID: 35838250 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00813k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Photoredox-catalyzed addition of the difluoromethylradical to unactivated alkenes has been found to trigger neophyl-like aryl and heteroaryl migrations which allowed the construction of a diverse series of difluoromethyl ketones. The reaction featured mild reaction conditions and broad substrate scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziran Lei
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China.
| | - Siqi Wei
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China.
| | - Liejin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China.
| | - Zuxiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China. .,Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA.
| | - Simon E Lopez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA.
| | - William R Dolbier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA.
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13
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Shi Z, Li Y, Li N, Wang WZ, Lu HK, Yan H, Yuan Y, Zhu J, Ye KY. Electrochemical Migratory Cyclization of N-Acylsulfonamides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206058. [PMID: 35606293 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Benzoxathiazine dioxide, as a bioisostere of the clinically widely used diazoxide, exhibits interesting biological activity. However, limited success has been achieved in terms of its concise and direct synthesis. We report herein a facile electrochemical migratory cyclization of N-acylsulfonamides to access a diverse array of benzoxathiazine dioxides. The inclusion of electrochemistry is crucial for realizing such a novel transformation, which is substantiated both by the experiments and density-functional-theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojiang Shi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Nan Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Wei-Zhen Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Hao-Kuan Lu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Hong Yan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Yaofeng Yuan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Ke-Yin Ye
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
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14
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Shi Z, Li Y, Li N, Wang W, Lu H, Yan H, Yuan Y, Zhu J, Ye K. Electrochemical Migratory Cyclization of
N
‐Acylsulfonamides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojiang Shi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Nan Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Wei‐Zhen Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Hao‐Kuan Lu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Hong Yan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Yaofeng Yuan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Ke‐Yin Ye
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
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15
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Radhoff N, Studer A. 1,4-Aryl migration in ketene-derived enolates by a polar-radical-crossover cascade. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3083. [PMID: 35655065 PMCID: PMC9163183 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30817-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The arylation of carboxylic acid derivatives via Smiles rearrangement has gained great interest in recent years. Both radical and ionic approaches, as well as radical-polar crossover concepts, have been developed. In contrast, a reversed polar-radical crossover approach remains underexplored. Here we report a simple, efficient and scalable method for the preparation of sterically hindered and valuable α-quaternary amides via a polar-radical crossover-enolate oxidation-aryl migration pathway. A variety of easily accessible N-alkyl and N-arylsulfonamides are reacted with disubstituted ketenes to give the corresponding amide enolates, which undergo upon single electron transfer oxidation, a 1,4-aryl migration, desulfonylation, hydrogen atom transfer cascade to provide α-quaternary amides in good to excellent yields. Various mono- and di-substituted heteroatom-containing and polycyclic arenes engage in the aryl migration reaction. Functional group tolerance is excellent and substrates as well as reagents are readily available rendering the method broadly applicable. The α-arylation of amides via aryl migration has attracted considerable interest in recent years. Here, the authors report a method for the preparation of bulky α-quaternary amides via a polar-radical crossover enolate oxidation-aryl migration cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Radhoff
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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16
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Ping Y, Pan Q, Guo Y, Liu Y, Li X, Wang M, Kong W. Switchable 1,2-Rearrangement Enables Expedient Synthesis of Structurally Diverse Fluorine-Containing Scaffolds. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11626-11637. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ping
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Qi Pan
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Ya Guo
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yongli Liu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Li
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Minyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Wangqing Kong
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
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17
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Murray PD, Cox JH, Chiappini ND, Roos CB, McLoughlin EA, Hejna BG, Nguyen ST, Ripberger HH, Ganley JM, Tsui E, Shin NY, Koronkiewicz B, Qiu G, Knowles RR. Photochemical and Electrochemical Applications of Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:2017-2291. [PMID: 34813277 PMCID: PMC8796287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We present here a review of the photochemical and electrochemical applications of multi-site proton-coupled electron transfer (MS-PCET) in organic synthesis. MS-PCETs are redox mechanisms in which both an electron and a proton are exchanged together, often in a concerted elementary step. As such, MS-PCET can function as a non-classical mechanism for homolytic bond activation, providing opportunities to generate synthetically useful free radical intermediates directly from a wide variety of common organic functional groups. We present an introduction to MS-PCET and a practitioner's guide to reaction design, with an emphasis on the unique energetic and selectivity features that are characteristic of this reaction class. We then present chapters on oxidative N-H, O-H, S-H, and C-H bond homolysis methods, for the generation of the corresponding neutral radical species. Then, chapters for reductive PCET activations involving carbonyl, imine, other X═Y π-systems, and heteroarenes, where neutral ketyl, α-amino, and heteroarene-derived radicals can be generated. Finally, we present chapters on the applications of MS-PCET in asymmetric catalysis and in materials and device applications. Within each chapter, we subdivide by the functional group undergoing homolysis, and thereafter by the type of transformation being promoted. Methods published prior to the end of December 2020 are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip
R. D. Murray
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - James H. Cox
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Nicholas D. Chiappini
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Casey B. Roos
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | | | - Benjamin G. Hejna
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Suong T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Hunter H. Ripberger
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Jacob M. Ganley
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Elaine Tsui
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Nick Y. Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Brian Koronkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Guanqi Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Robert R. Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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18
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Han WJ, Zhang JW, Yan CX, Wang JW, Zhou PP, Han B. Sequential Catalytic Annulations: Divergent Synthesis of Heterocycles through a Radical [1,4]-Oxygen Shift. Org Lett 2022; 24:542-547. [PMID: 34989585 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A radical [1,4]-oxygen-atom transfer has been realized by the reaction of linear alkyne-tethered ketoximes and ethynylbenziodoxolones (EBX) under sequential catalytic conditions. Mechanism studies indicate that the O atom transfer experiences a cascade O atom radical cyclization/alkynylation/N-O bond photocleavage and subsequent N,O-diradical rearrangement. By the diversification of catalytic sequences, a series of structurally important 3H-pyrrol-3-ones and chlorinated furo[3,2-b]pyrroles are divergently synthesized along with an O atom shift under the catalysis of Cu/Ir photosensitization and Cu/Ir photosensitization/AlCl3, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Wu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao-Xian Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan-Pan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
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19
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Heredia MD, Puiatti M, Rossi RA, Budén ME. Visible light mediated synthesis of 6 H-benzo[ c]chromenes: transition-metal-free intramolecular direct C-H arylation. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 20:228-239. [PMID: 34889351 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01673c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic approach towards the 6H-benzo[c]chromene ring under visible light and transition-metal-free conditions has been developed. Benzochromenes are synthesized from the corresponding (2-halobenzyl) phenyl ethers or (2-halophenyl) benzyl ethers using KOtBu in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at room temperature (rt) and blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as the light source. This methodology replaces the use of ligands or additives, high temperatures and toxic solvents. The photostimulated reaction exhibits very good tolerance to different functional groups and 5H-dibenzo[c,f]chromenes are also effectively obtained. An electron donor-acceptor complex formed by the dimsyl anion and (2-halobenzyl) phenyl ethers was found and it induces the ET as the initial step in the photocyclization reaction. Furthermore, in order to explain the regiochemical outcome of this reaction, a theoretical analysis was performed using DFT methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela D Heredia
- INFIQC, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Marcelo Puiatti
- INFIQC, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Roberto A Rossi
- INFIQC, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - María E Budén
- INFIQC, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina.
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20
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Wang JL, Liu ML, Zou JY, Sun WH, Liu XY. Copper-Catalyzed Aminoarylation of Alkenes via Aminyl Radical Addition and Aryl Migration. Org Lett 2021; 24:309-313. [PMID: 34931822 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We describe a new strategy for aminoarylation of alkenes by copper-catalyzed smiles rearrangement using O-benzoylhydroxylamines as the amine reagent. This method affords various β-amino amide derivatives possessing a quaternary carbon center with wide functional group tolerance and high regioselectivity. The mechanistic studies indicate that the transformation can involve aminyl radical intermediates under acid-free condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Mei-Ling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jian-Yu Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wen-Hui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xue-Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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21
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Keum H, Jung H, Jeong J, Kim D, Chang S. Visible‐Light Induced C(sp
2
)−H Amidation with an Aryl–Alkyl σ‐Bond Relocation via Redox‐Neutral Radical–Polar Crossover. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeyun Keum
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Hoimin Jung
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoo Jeong
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Sukbok Chang
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
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22
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Keum H, Jung H, Jeong J, Kim D, Chang S. Visible-Light Induced C(sp 2 )-H Amidation with an Aryl-Alkyl σ-Bond Relocation via Redox-Neutral Radical-Polar Crossover. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:25235-25240. [PMID: 34558167 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We report an approach for the intramolecular C(sp2 )-H amidation of N-acyloxyamides under photoredox conditions to produce δ-benzolactams with an aryl-alkyl σ-bond relocation. Computational studies on the designed reductive single electron transfer strategy led us to identify N-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl] group as the most effective amidyl radical precursor. Upon the formation of an azaspirocyclic radical intermediate by the selective ipso-addition with outcompeting an ortho-attack, radical-polar crossover was then rationalized to lead to the rearomative ring-expansion with preferential C-C bond migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeyun Keum
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoimin Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoo Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukbok Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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23
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Radical and Ionic Mechanisms in Rearrangements of o-Tolyl Aryl Ethers and Amines Initiated by the Grubbs-Stoltz Reagent, Et 3SiH/KO tBu. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226879. [PMID: 34833971 PMCID: PMC8619283 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rearrangements of o-tolyl aryl ethers, amines, and sulfides with the Grubbs–Stoltz reagent (Et3SiH + KOtBu) were recently announced, in which the ethers were converted to o-hydroxydiarylmethanes, while the (o-tol)(Ar)NH amines were transformed into dihydroacridines. Radical mechanisms were proposed, based on prior evidence for triethylsilyl radicals in this reagent system. A detailed computational investigation of the rearrangements of the aryl tolyl ethers now instead supports an anionic Truce–Smiles rearrangement, where the initial benzyl anion can be formed by either of two pathways: (i) direct deprotonation of the tolyl methyl group under basic conditions or (ii) electron transfer to an initially formed benzyl radical. By contrast, the rearrangements of o-tolyl aryl amines depend on the nature of the amine. Secondary amines undergo deprotonation of the N-H followed by a radical rearrangement, to form dihydroacridines, while tertiary amines form both dihydroacridines and diarylmethanes through radical and/or anionic pathways. Overall, this study highlights the competition between the reactive intermediates formed by the Et3SiH/KOtBu system.
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24
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Yang M, Chang X, Ye S, Ding Q, Wu J. Generation of Heteroaryl-Substituted Sulfonyl Compounds from Sulfur Dioxide via Remote Heteroaryl ipso-Migration. J Org Chem 2021; 86:15177-15184. [PMID: 34636243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The generation of heteroaryl-substituted sulfonyl compounds via a catalyst-, base-, and additive-free three-component reaction of heteroaryl-substituted tertiary alcohols, aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates, and DABCO·(SO2)2 under mild conditions is developed. Various functional groups are tolerated well in this transformation, and a broad substrate scope is demonstrated. A preliminary mechanistic investigation shows that this reaction undergoes a radical process, including the insertion of sulfur dioxide, sulfonyl radical addition to unactivated alkene, and remote heteroaryl ipso-migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Yang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Small Molecules for Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Xiaotong Chang
- SchooSchool of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Shengqing Ye
- SchooSchool of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Qiuping Ding
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Small Molecules for Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Jie Wu
- SchooSchool of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Taizhou 318000, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
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25
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Luo CH, Wang PL, Chang CC. Cascade Vinyl Radical Ipso-Cyclization Reactions and the Formation of α,β-Unsaturated-β-aryl-γ-lactams from N-Propargyl Benzamides. J Org Chem 2021; 86:15033-15044. [PMID: 34591475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Various N-(2-bromo-allyl) benzamides were used as the starting materials to study vinyl radical cyclization reactions. The vinyl radicals underwent ipso-cyclization, fragmentation, and cyclization reactions to produce β-aryl-γ-lactams with the carbonyl group remaining intact. To further study this cascade radical reaction, vinyl radicals were generated by the addition of a tributyltin radical to alkyne moieties, followed by radical ipso-cyclization, fragmentation, cyclization, and β-scission reactions with the production of a series of α,β-unsaturated-β-aryl-γ-lactam derivatives. This new type of radical reaction was examined from the substituent effects on both the amino groups and the aryl groups. A bulky tert-butyl substituent on the amino group enhanced the formation of a Z-conformation of the benzamides and facilitated vinyl radical ipso-cyclization reactions. A synthetic method for preparing α,β-unsaturated-β-aryl-γ-lactams from N-propargyl benzamides was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hao Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, 510 Zhongzheng Road, Xinzhuang District, New Taipei City, 24205 Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ling Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, 510 Zhongzheng Road, Xinzhuang District, New Taipei City, 24205 Taiwan
| | - Che-Chien Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, 510 Zhongzheng Road, Xinzhuang District, New Taipei City, 24205 Taiwan
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26
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Chu XQ, Ge D, Cui YY, Shen ZL, Li CJ. Desulfonylation via Radical Process: Recent Developments in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2021; 121:12548-12680. [PMID: 34387465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
As the "chemical chameleon", sulfonyl-containing compounds and their variants have been merged with various types of reactions for the efficient construction of diverse molecular architectures by taking advantage of their incredible reactive flexibility. Currently, their involvement in radical transformations, in which the sulfonyl group typically acts as a leaving group via selective C-S, N-S, O-S, S-S, and Se-S bond cleavage/functionalization, has facilitated new bond formation strategies which are complementary to classical two-electron cross-couplings via organometallic or ionic intermediates. Considering the great influence and synthetic potential of these novel avenues, we summarize recent advances in this rapidly expanding area by discussing the reaction designs, substrate scopes, mechanistic studies, and their limitations, outlining the state-of-the-art processes involved in radical-mediated desulfonylation and related transformations. With a specific emphasis on their synthetic applications, we believe this review will be useful for medicinal and synthetic organic chemists who are interested in radical chemistry and radical-mediated desulfonylation in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Qiang Chu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Danhua Ge
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yan-Ying Cui
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zhi-Liang Shen
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
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27
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Wu X, Ma Z, Feng T, Zhu C. Radical-mediated rearrangements: past, present, and future. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:11577-11613. [PMID: 34661216 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00529d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Rearrangement reactions, one of the most significant transformations in organic chemistry, play an irreplaceable role in improving synthetic efficiency and molecular complexity. Concomitant cleavage and reconstruction of chemical bonds can display the great artistry and the glamour of synthetic chemistry. Over the past century, ionic rearrangement reactions, in particular those involving cationic pathways, have represented most of the research. Alongside the renaissance of radical chemistry, radical-mediated rearrangements have recently seen a rapid increase of attention from the chemical community. Many new radical rearrangements that extensively reveal the migratory behaviour of functional groups have been unveiled in the last decade. This Review provides a comprehensive perspective on the area from the past to present achievements, and brings up the prospects that may inspire colleagues to develop more useful synthetic tools based on radical rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Zhigang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Tingting Feng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Chen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China. .,Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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28
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Wang D, Mück-Lichtenfeld C, Daniliuc CG, Studer A. Radical Aryl Migration from Boron to Carbon. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:9320-9326. [PMID: 34151559 PMCID: PMC8251698 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Radical aryl migration
reactions represent a unique type of organic
transformations that involve the intramolecular migration of an aryl
group from a carbon or heteroatom to a C- or heteroatom-centered radical
through a spirocyclic intermediate. Various elements, including N,
O, Si, P, S, Sn, Ge, and Se, have been reported to participate in
radical aryl migrations. However, radical aryl migration from a boron
center has not been reported to date. In this communication, radical
1,5-aryl migration from boron to carbon in aryl boronate complexes
is presented. C-radicals readily generated through radical addition
onto alkenyl aryl boronate complexes are shown to engage in 1,5-aryl
migration reactions to provide 4-aryl-alkylboronic esters. As boronate
complexes can be generated in situ by the reaction
of alkenylboronic acid esters with aryl lithium reagents, the aryl
moiety is readily varied, providing access to a series of arylated
products starting from the same alkenylboronic acid ester via divergent
chemistry. Reactions proceed with high diastereoselectivity under
mild conditions, and also the analogous 1,4-aryl shifts are feasible.
The suggested mechanism is supported by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinghai Wang
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Mück-Lichtenfeld
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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29
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Liang S, Wei K, Lin Y, Liu T, Wei D, Han B, Yu W. Visible-Light-Driven Aryl Migration and Cyclization of α-Azido Amides. Org Lett 2021; 23:4527-4531. [PMID: 34042459 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports two new visible-light-promoted radical reactions of α-azido amides. By catalysis of [Ir(ppy)2(dtbbpy)]PF6 with i-Pr2NEt as the reducing agent, N-aryl α-azido tertiary amides were first converted to the corresponding aminyl radicals through reduction of the azido group; the aminyl radicals then underwent N-to-N aryl migration to give α-anilinyl-functionalized amides. α-Azido secondary amides, on the other hand, reacted with the solvent ethanol and i-Pr2NEt to afford the imidazolinone products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Kaijie Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yajun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tuming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Dian Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Bing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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30
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Karreman S, Karnbrock SBH, Kolle S, Golz C, Alcarazo M. Synthesis of 6 H-Benzo[ c]chromene Scaffolds from O-Benzylated Phenols through a C-H Sulfenylation/Radical Cyclization Sequence. Org Lett 2021; 23:1991-1995. [PMID: 33648340 PMCID: PMC7986580 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
S-Aryl dibenzothiophenium salts, obtained through a highly
regioselective C–H sulfenylation of o-benzyl-protected phenols,
are used as precursors of 6H-benzo[c]chromenes. The
reaction starts with a photocatalytically triggered single-electron transfer to the
sulfonium salt, which promotes the formation of an aryl radical via selective mesolitic
cleavage of the S–Arexo bond. Mechanistic studies reveal that this
initial radical species cyclizes following a kinetically favored 5-exo-trig pathway.
Subsequent ring expansion, favored by rearomatization, delivers the desired tricyclic
systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Karreman
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 2, 37077-Göttingen, Germany
| | - Simon B H Karnbrock
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 2, 37077-Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kolle
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 2, 37077-Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christopher Golz
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 2, 37077-Göttingen, Germany
| | - Manuel Alcarazo
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 2, 37077-Göttingen, Germany
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31
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Gillaizeau-Simonian N, Barde E, Guérinot A, Cossy J. Cobalt-Catalyzed 1,4-Aryl Migration/Desulfonylation Cascade: Synthesis of α-Aryl Amides. Chemistry 2021; 27:4004-4008. [PMID: 33296109 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A cobalt-catalyzed 1,4-aryl migration/disulfonylation cascade applied to α-bromo N-sulfonyl amides was developed. The reaction was highly chemoselective, allowing the preparation of α-aryl amides possessing a variety of functional groups. The method was used as the key step to synthesize an alkaloid, (±)-deoxyeseroline. Mechanistic investigations suggest a radical process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Gillaizeau-Simonian
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry and Materials-UMR 7167 ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Etienne Barde
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry and Materials-UMR 7167 ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Amandine Guérinot
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry and Materials-UMR 7167 ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Janine Cossy
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry and Materials-UMR 7167 ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France
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32
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Radhoff N, Studer A. Functionalization of α-C(sp 3 )-H Bonds in Amides Using Radical Translocating Arylating Groups. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:3561-3565. [PMID: 33215815 PMCID: PMC7898318 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202013275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
α-C-H arylation of N-alkylamides using 2-iodoarylsulfonyl radical translocating arylating (RTA) groups is reported. The method allows the construction of α-quaternary carbon centers in amides. Various mono- and disubstituted RTA-groups are applied to the arylation of primary, secondary, and tertiary α-C(sp3 )-H-bonds. These radical transformations proceed in good to excellent yields and the cascades comprise a 1,6-hydrogen atom transfer, followed by a 1,4-aryl migration with subsequent SO2 extrusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Radhoff
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätCorrensstrasse 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätCorrensstrasse 4048149MünsterGermany
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33
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Li Z, Wang M, Shi Z. Radical Addition Enables 1,2-Aryl Migration from a Vinyl-Substituted All-Carbon Quaternary Center. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:186-190. [PMID: 32914547 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An efficient method for photocatalytic perfluoroalkylation of vinyl-substituted all-carbon quaternary centers involving 1,2-aryl migration has been developed. The rearrangement reactions use fac-Ir(ppy)3 , visible light and commercially available fluoroalkyl halides and can generate valuable multisubstituted perfluoroalkylated compounds in a single step that would be challenging to prepare by other methods. Mechanistically, the photoinduced alkyl radical addition to an alkene leads to the migration of a vicinal aryl substituent from its adjacent all-carbon quaternary center with the concomitant generation of a C-radical bearing two electron-withdrawing groups that is further reduced by a hydrogen donor to complete the domino sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Minyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zhuangzhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
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34
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Tripathy AR, Yedase GS, Yatham VR. Cerium photocatalyzed radical smiles rearrangement of 2-aryloxybenzoic acids. RSC Adv 2021; 11:25207-25210. [PMID: 35478894 PMCID: PMC9037003 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04130d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We report herein a cerium photocatalyzed aryl migration from an aryl ether to a carboxylic acid group through radical-Smiles rearrangement. This operationally simple protocol utilizes inexpensive CeCl3 as a photocatalyst and converted a variety of 2-aryloxybenzoic acids into aryl-2-hydroxybenzoates in good yields. Visible light-driven CeCl3-mediated aryl migration from an aryl ether to a carboxylic acid group through radical-Smiles rearrangement is reported.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Rani Tripathy
- School of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research
- Thiruvananthapuram 695551
- India
| | - Girish Suresh Yedase
- School of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research
- Thiruvananthapuram 695551
- India
| | - Veera Reddy Yatham
- School of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research
- Thiruvananthapuram 695551
- India
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35
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Zhou L, Liu X, Lu H, Deng G, Liang Y, Yang Y, Li JH. Copper-catalyzed [3 + 2]/[3 + 2] carboannulation of dienynes and arylsulfonyl chlorides enabled by Smiles rearrangement: access to cyclopenta[ a]indene-fused quinolinones. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00703c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A radical Smiles rearrangement strategy for allowing an unprecedented [3 + 2]/[3 + 2] carboannulation of dienynes with arylsulfonyl chlorides using cheap copper catalysis is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Zhou
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), and Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), and Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Haiyan Lu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), and Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Guobo Deng
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), and Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Yun Liang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), and Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), and Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), and Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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36
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37
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Radhoff N, Studer A. Radikalische Funktionalisierung von α‐C(sp
3
)‐H‐Bindungen in Amiden durch Translokations‐induzierende arylierende Gruppen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202013275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Radhoff
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
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38
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Li Z, Wang M, Shi Z. Radical Addition Enables 1,2‐Aryl Migration from a Vinyl‐Substituted All‐Carbon Quaternary Center. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zexian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Minyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Zhuangzhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
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39
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Zhang Z, Zhang L, Zhang X, Yang J, Yin Y, Jiang Y, Zeng C, Lu G, Yang Y, Mo F. Anodic oxidation triggered divergent 1,2- and 1,4-group transfer reactions of β-hydroxycarboxylic acids enabled by electrochemical regulation. Chem Sci 2020; 11:12021-12028. [PMID: 34123217 PMCID: PMC8162457 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02386h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a set of electrochemically regulated protocols for the divergent synthesis of ketones and β-keto esters from the same β-hydroxycarboxylic acid starting materials. Enabled by electrochemical control, the anodic oxidation of carboxylic acids proceeded in either a one-electron or a two-electron pathway, leading to a 1,4-aryl transfer or a semipinacol-type 1,2-group transfer product with excellent chemoselectivity. The 1,4-aryl transfer represents an unprecedented example of carbon-to-oxygen group transfer proceeding via a radical mechanism. In contrast to previously reported radical group transfer reactions, this 1,4-group transfer process features the migration of electron-rich aryl substituents. Furthermore, with these chemoselective electrochemical oxidation protocols, a range of ketones and β-keto esters including those possessing a challenging-to-access medium-sized ring could be synthesized in excellent yields. We report a set of electrochemically regulated protocols for the divergent synthesis of ketones and β-keto esters from the same β-hydroxycarboxylic acid starting materials.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing Zhang
- Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 China .,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University Anyang 455000 China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Xianhao Zhang
- WuXi AppTec (Tianjin) Co., Ltd Tianjin 300457 P. R. China
| | - Jianxin Yang
- WuXi AppTec (Tianjin) Co., Ltd Tianjin 300457 P. R. China
| | - Yunxing Yin
- WuXi AppTec (Tianjin) Co., Ltd Tianjin 300457 P. R. China
| | - Yangye Jiang
- College of Life Science & Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China
| | - Chengchu Zeng
- College of Life Science & Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China
| | - Gang Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University Jinan Shandong 250100 China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara California 93106 USA
| | - Fanyang Mo
- Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 China .,Jiangsu Donghai Silicon Industry S&T Innovation Center Jiangsu 222300 China
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40
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Zhu Y, Zhang Z, Jin R, Liu J, Liu G, Han B, Jiao N. DMSO‐Enabled Selective Radical O−H Activation of 1,3(4)‐Diols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Xue Yuan Rd. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Ziyao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Xue Yuan Rd. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Rui Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Xue Yuan Rd. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Jianzhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Xue Yuan Rd. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Guoquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Xue Yuan Rd. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Bing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Xue Yuan Rd. 38 Beijing 100191 China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China
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41
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Zhu Y, Zhang Z, Jin R, Liu J, Liu G, Han B, Jiao N. DMSO-Enabled Selective Radical O-H Activation of 1,3(4)-Diols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:19851-19856. [PMID: 32701184 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Control of selectivity is one of the central topics in organic chemistry. Although unprecedented alkoxyl-radical-induced transformations have drawn a lot of attention, compared to selective C-H activation, selective radical O-H activation remains less explored. Herein, we report a novel selective radical O-H activation strategy of diols by combining spatial effects with proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET). It was found that DMSO is an essential reagent that enables the regioselective transformation of diols. Mechanistic studies indicated the existence of the alkoxyl radical and the selective interaction between DMSO and hydroxyl groups. Moreover, the distal C-C cleavage was realized by this selective alkoxyl-radical-initiation protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Rd. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ziyao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Rd. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Rui Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Rd. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jianzhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Rd. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Guoquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Rd. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Bing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Rd. 38, Beijing, 100191, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
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42
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Abstract
Alkenes are ubiquitous in natural products and are extensively used as synthetic feedstocks in multiple fields including organic synthesis, medicinal chemistry, and materials science. Radical-mediated difunctionalization of alkenes provides a powerful tactic for alkene utilization. Despite the considerable progress made in the past several decades, state-of-the-art methods are highly dependent upon activated alkenes in which a proximal group with a π-electron system (e.g., aryl, carbonyl, and heteroatom) is requisite to stabilize the nascent alkyl radical intermediate via p-π conjugation or p orbitals of the heteroatom. In contrast, the transformation of unactivated alkenes, such as aliphatic alkenes, remains challenging.To overcome this obstacle, we have recently disclosed the strategy of intramolecular distal functional group migration (FGM), which has been efficiently applied in radical difunctionalization of unactivated alkenes. A portfolio of functional groups, such as cyano, heteroaryl, oximino, formyl, and alkynyl groups, showcase the excellent migratory aptitude. Mechanistically, after the addition of an extrinsic radical to the alkene, the newly formed active alkyl radical is rapidly captured by the intramolecular migratory group to generate a cyclic intermediate. Subsequent cleavage of the cyclic C-C bond of the intermediate leads to the functionalized product through the FGM process. Based on the strategy of FGM, a set of elusive difunctionalizations of unactivated alkenes have been accomplished (Part A).Alongside this research, an upgraded highly efficient synthetic strategy, "dock-migration," is created for intermolecular difunctionalization of alkenes. A diversity of sulfone-based dual-function reagents are developed. The intermolecular transformation is initiated by docking the dual-function reagent to the alkene, followed by intramolecular migration of the functional group. Compared to the original FGM protocol, the scope of alkenes is significantly extended from the strategically placed tertiary alcohol-substituted alkenes to general alkenes. Both activated and unactivated alkenes are well tolerated. By this approach, radical-mediated fluoroalkylheteroarylation, fluoroalkylalkynylation, and alkylation of alkenes have been achieved (Part B).Direct elaboration of C-H bonds into the targeted functional groups represents one of the most ideal and straightforward methods for molecular functionalization. The FGM strategy proves to be an ingenious tool for radical-mediated functionalization of remote unactivated C(sp3)-H bonds. Based on the FGM process, we have accomplished: (a) remote C(sp3)-H heteroarylation and cyanation of unprotected alcohols via the cascade of alkoxy radical-enabled hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and intramolecular functional group (e.g., heteroaryl, cyano) migration, and (b) distal C(sp3)-H vinylation of propargylic alcohols through consecutive alkenyl radical-promoted HAT process and subsequent alkenyl migration (Part C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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43
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Zhang Y, Ren Z, Liu Y, Wang Z, Li Z. Fluoroalkylation of Allylic Alcohols with Concomitant (Hetero)aryl Migration: Access to Fluoroalkylated Ketones and Evaluation of Antifungal Action against
Magnaporthe grisea. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhu Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry College of Materials and Energy South China Agricultural University 510642 Guangzhou China
| | - Ziyang Ren
- Department of Applied Chemistry College of Materials and Energy South China Agricultural University 510642 Guangzhou China
| | - Yun‐Lin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangzhou University 230 Wai Huan Xi Road 510006 Guangzhou China
| | - Zhentao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science Shandong Agricultural University 271018 Taian Shandong China
| | - Zhaodong Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry College of Materials and Energy South China Agricultural University 510642 Guangzhou China
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44
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Komine K, Lambert KM, Savage QR, Cox JB, Wood JL. Synthetic studies toward longeracemine: a SmI 2-mediated spirocyclization and rearrangement cascade to construct the 2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane framework. Chem Sci 2020; 11:9488-9493. [PMID: 34094215 PMCID: PMC8162136 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03422c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Longeracemine, a member of the Daphniphyllum family of alkaloids contains a novel carbon framework featuring a highly functionalized 2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane core as part of an overall 5/6/5/5/6/5 skeleton. A synthetic intermediate containing the core of longeracemine has been efficiently prepared by employing a stereoselective SmI2-mediated cascade reaction to advance a 7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptadiene to a 2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptene that is functionally poised for conversion to the natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Komine
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University One Bear Place 97348 Waco TX 76798 USA
| | - Kyle M. Lambert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor UniversityOne Bear Place 97348WacoTX 76798USA
| | - Quentin R. Savage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor UniversityOne Bear Place 97348WacoTX 76798USA
| | - Joshua B. Cox
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor UniversityOne Bear Place 97348WacoTX 76798USA
| | - John L. Wood
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor UniversityOne Bear Place 97348WacoTX 76798USA
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45
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Zhang H, Kou L, Chen D, Ji M, Bao X, Wu X, Zhu C. Radical-Mediated Distal Ipso-Migration of O/S-Containing Heteroaryls and DFT Studies for Migratory Aptitude. Org Lett 2020; 22:5947-5952. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Luyao Kou
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Meishan Ji
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xiaoguang Bao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xinxin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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46
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Yan J, Cheo HW, Teo WK, Shi X, Wu H, Idres SB, Deng LW, Wu J. A Radical Smiles Rearrangement Promoted by Neutral Eosin Y as a Direct Hydrogen Atom Transfer Photocatalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11357-11362. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Yan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Han Wen Cheo
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Wei Kiat Teo
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Xiangcheng Shi
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Shabana Binte Idres
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Lih-Wen Deng
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, No. 377 Lin Quan Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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47
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Flynn AR, McDaniel KA, Hughes ME, Vogt DB, Jui NT. Hydroarylation of Arenes via Reductive Radical-Polar Crossover. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:9163-9168. [PMID: 32379445 PMCID: PMC7667579 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A photocatalytic system for the dearomative hydroarylation of benzene derivatives has been developed. Using a combination of an organic photoredox catalyst and an amine reductant, this process operates through a reductive radical-polar crossover mechanism where aryl halide reduction triggers a regioselective radical cyclization event, followed by anion formation and quenching to produce a range of complex spirocyclic cyclohexadienes. This light-driven protocol functions at room temperature in a green solvent system (aq. MeCN) without the need for precious metal-based catalysts or reagents or the generation of stoichiometric metal byproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Autumn R Flynn
- Department of Chemistry and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Kelly A McDaniel
- Department of Chemistry and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Meredith E Hughes
- Department of Chemistry and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - David B Vogt
- Department of Chemistry and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Nathan T Jui
- Department of Chemistry and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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48
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Niu T, Liu J, Wu X, Zhu C. Radical Heteroarylalkylation of Alkenes via
Three‐Component Docking‐Migration
Thioetherification Cascade. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Niu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University 199 Ren‐Ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Jige Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University 199 Ren‐Ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Xinxin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University 199 Ren‐Ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University 199 Ren‐Ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
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49
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Arokianathar JN, Kolodziejczak K, Bugden FE, Clark KF, Tuttle T, Murphy JA. Benzylic C−H Functionalisation by [Et
3
SiH+KO
t
Bu] leads to Radical Rearrangements in
o‐
tolyl Aryl Ethers, Amines and Sulfides. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jude N. Arokianathar
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL United Kingdom
| | - Krystian Kolodziejczak
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL United Kingdom
| | - Frances E. Bugden
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth F. Clark
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL United Kingdom
| | - Tell Tuttle
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL United Kingdom
| | - John A. Murphy
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL United Kingdom
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Liu J, Wu S, Yu J, Lu C, Wu Z, Wu X, Xue X, Zhu C. Polarity Umpolung Strategy for the Radical Alkylation of Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201915837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jige Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu ProvinceCollege of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow University 199 Ren-Ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Shuo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu ProvinceCollege of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow University 199 Ren-Ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Jiajia Yu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu ProvinceCollege of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow University 199 Ren-Ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Chenxi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic ChemistryCollege of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu ProvinceCollege of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow University 199 Ren-Ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Xinxin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu ProvinceCollege of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow University 199 Ren-Ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Xiao‐Song Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic ChemistryCollege of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu ProvinceCollege of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow University 199 Ren-Ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
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