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Wang Y, Xu H, Fu W, Lu Z, Guo M, Wu X, Sun M, Liu Y, Yu X, Sui D. 20( S)-Protopanaxadiol Inhibits Angiotensin II-Induced Epithelial- Mesenchymal Transition by Downregulating SIRT1. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:475. [PMID: 31133857 PMCID: PMC6514190 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
20(S)-Protopanaxadiol (PPD) is one of the major active metabolites in ginseng saponin. Our previous studies revealed a broad spectrum of antitumor effects of PPD. Angiotensin II (Ang II), the biologically active peptide of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), plays a critical role in the metastasis of various cancers. However, its role in the anti-metastatic effects of PPD is not clearly understood. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of PPD on Ang II-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, and the potential molecular mechanisms of suppression of NSCLC migration and metastasis by PPD. Treatment of A549 cells with Ang II increased metastases in an experimental model of cancer metastasis in vivo. PPD effectively prevented Ang II-induced EMT, as indicated by upregulation of E-cadherin and downregulation of vimentin. Additionally, Ang II upregulated the class III deacetylase sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression in EMT progression, while downregulation of SIRT1 was involved in suppression of Ang II-induced EMT by PPD. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of PPD was reversed by SIRT1 upregulation, and PPD demonstrated synergy with an SIRT1 inhibitor on Ang II-induced EMT. Taken together, our data reveal the mechanism of the anti-metastatic effects of PPD on Ang II-induced EMT and indicate that PPD can be used as an effective anti-tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huali Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenwen Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zeyuan Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Minyu Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xueji Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mingyang Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanzhe Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dayun Sui
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Tani T, Ayuzawa R, Takagi T, Kanehira T, Maurya DK, Tamura M. Angiotensin II bi-directionally regulates cyclooxygenase-2 expression in intestinal epithelial cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2008; 315:185-93. [PMID: 18543083 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-008-9806-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2008] [Accepted: 05/23/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor signaling is involved in azoxymethane-induced mouse colon tumorigenesis. In order to clarify the role of Ang II in COX-2 expression in the intestinal epithelium, the receptor subtype-specific effect on COX-2 expression in a rat intestinal epithelial cell line (RIE-1) has been investigated. Ang II dose- and time-dependently increased the expression of COX-2, but not COX-1 mRNA and protein. This stimulation was completely blocked by the AT(1) receptor antagonist but not the AT(2) receptor antagonist. Ang II and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) additively induced COX-2 protein in RIE-1 cells, whereas the LPS-induced COX-2 expression was significantly attenuated by low concentrations of Ang II or the AT(2) agonistic peptide CGP-42112A only in AT(2) over-expressed cells. These data indicate that Ang II bi-directionally regulates COX-2 expression via both AT(1) and AT(2) receptors. Control of COX-2 expression through Ang II signaling may have significance in cytokine-induced COX-2 induction and colon tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Tani
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Zober TG, Mathews WB, Seckin E, Yoo SE, Hilton J, Xia J, Sandberg K, Ravert HT, Dannals RF, Szabo Z. PET Imaging of the AT1 receptor with [11C]KR31173. Nucl Med Biol 2006; 33:5-13. [PMID: 16459253 PMCID: PMC1819586 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2005.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2005] [Revised: 08/22/2005] [Accepted: 08/23/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM The goal of this study was to investigate the binding characteristics of [(11)C]KR31173 and its applicability for PET studies of the AT(1) receptor (AT(1)R). METHODS Ex vivo biodistribution and pharmacology were tested in mice. PET imaging was performed in mice, beagle dogs and a baboon. To assess nonspecific binding, PET imaging was performed both before and after pretreatment with a potent AT(1)R antagonist. In the baboon, PET imaging was also performed with the previously developed radioligand [(11)C]L-159,884 for comparison. RESULTS Ex vivo biodistribution studies in mice showed specific binding rates of 80-90% in the adrenals, kidneys, lungs and heart. Specific binding was confirmed in mice using small animal PET. In dogs, renal cortex tissue concentration at 75-95 min postinjection (pi) was 63 nCi/ml per millicurie at a specific binding rate of 95%. In the baboon renal cortex, tissue activity at 55-75 min pi was 345 nCi/ml per millicurie. In the baboon the specific binding of [(11)C]KR31173 was higher (81%) than the specific binding of [(11)C]L-159,884 (34%). CONCLUSION [(11)C]KR31173 shows accumulation and significant specific binding to the AT(1)R in the kidneys of mice, dogs and baboon. These findings suggest that this radioligand is suited for imaging the renal cortical AT(1)R in multiple species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas G. Zober
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD U.S.A
| | - William B. Mathews
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD U.S.A
| | - Esen Seckin
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD U.S.A
| | - Sung E. Yoo
- The Center for Biological Modulators, The Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - John Hilton
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD U.S.A
| | - Jinsong Xia
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD U.S.A
| | - Kathryn Sandberg
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC U.S.A
| | - Hayden T. Ravert
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD U.S.A
| | - Robert F. Dannals
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD U.S.A
| | - Zsolt Szabo
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD U.S.A
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Kanehira T, Tani T, Takagi T, Nakano Y, Howard EF, Tamura M. Angiotensin II type 2 receptor gene deficiency attenuates susceptibility to tobacco-specific nitrosamine-induced lung tumorigenesis: involvement of transforming growth factor-beta-dependent cell growth attenuation. Cancer Res 2005; 65:7660-5. [PMID: 16140932 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-0275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To clarify an involvement of angiotensin II signaling in lung neoplasia, we have examined the effect of angiotensin II receptor deficiency on 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)-induced lung tumorigenesis. Male angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2)-null mice with an SWR/J genetic background and control wild-type mice were treated with NNK (100 mg/kg, i.p.) or saline vehicle. NNK treatment caused the development of lung tumors in all wild-type control mice (100 % tumor prevalence), but only 85% of AT2-null mice developed tumors. The tumor multiplicity in AT2-null mice (1.9 +/- 0.3) was significantly smaller than that in wild-type mice (4.1 +/- 0.9). Primary cultured lung fibroblasts prepared from both AT2-null and wild-type mice markedly increased the colony counts of A549 lung cancer cells in soft agar, but a consistently higher colony count was observed with the wild-type fibroblasts (fold increase in colony number, 5.6 +/- 0.5) than with the AT2-null fibroblasts (3.5 +/- 0.8). The underlying mechanism by which angiotensin II regulates cancer cell growth is due to the regulation of active transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) production. Although the total level of TGF-beta was significantly stimulated when A549 cells were cocultured with either type of fibroblasts, the level of active TGF-beta in the conditioned medium was consistently higher with AT2-null fibroblasts than with wild-type fibroblasts. These results imply that the AT2 receptor negatively regulates the level of active TGF-beta and thus increases NNK-induced lung tumorigenesis. The AT2 receptor function in lung stromal fibroblasts may be a potential modulator of tumor susceptibility in chemical carcinogen-induced lung tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Kanehira
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Shibata K, Kikkawa F, Mizokami Y, Kajiyama H, Ino K, Nomura S, Mizutani S. Possible Involvement of Adipocyte-Derived Leucine Aminopeptidase via Angiotensin II in Endometrial Carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2005; 26:9-16. [PMID: 15741767 DOI: 10.1159/000084181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2004] [Accepted: 09/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It has recently been appreciated that a local autocrine or paracrine renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may exist in a number of tissues. Angiotensin II (AngII) is a potent RAS-derived vasoconstrictor peptide, and it is involved in tumor angiogenesis. We have cloned human adipocyte-derived leucine aminopeptidase (A-LAP), which degrades Ang II. This study investigated whether the expression of A-LAP, Ang II, angiotensin type I receptor (AT1R) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) correlates with clinicopathologic factors and prognosis in patients with endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma. METHODS Histologic sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens from 94 primary endometrial carcinomas were stained for A-LAP, AngII, AT1R and VEGF using each antibody. Disease-free survival (DFS) and other clinicopathologic characteristics were analyzed according to the intensity of each staining. RESULTS Of 94 cases, 91 (96.8%) showed specific A-LAP immunostaining. A-LAP expression demonstrated negative correlations with myometrial invasion (p = 0.01) and vascular infiltration (p = 0.01). Of 94 cases, 77 (81.9%) showed specific AngII immunostaining. We found a positive correlation between AngII expression and surgical stage (p = 0.01). Of 94 cases, 56 (59.6%) showed specific AT1R immunostaining and 73 (77.7%) specific VEGF immunostaining. We found a positive correlation between VEGF expression and lymph node metastasis (p = 0.05). AngII and AT1R expression predicted a significantly poorer prognosis. Contrarily, A-LAP expression indicated a significantly more favorable prognosis in endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma patients. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that A-LAP expression (odds ratio, 0.12; 95% confidence interval, 0.025-0.618; p = 0.01) was an independent prognostic factor. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we demonstrated the existence of local RAS and A-LAP in endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma as prognostic predictors of clinical outcome. These findings suggest that the assessment of RAS and A-LAP status provides clinically useful prognostic information in patients with endometrial carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyosumi Shibata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
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Smith GR, Missailidis S. Cancer, inflammation and the AT1 and AT2 receptors. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2004; 1:3. [PMID: 15813980 PMCID: PMC1074345 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-1-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2004] [Accepted: 09/30/2004] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The critical role of inappropriate inflammation is becoming accepted in many diseases that affect man, including cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, neurodegenerative conditions, infection and cancer. This review proposes that cancer up-regulates the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor through systemic oxidative stress and hypoxia mechanisms, thereby triggering chronic inflammatory processes to remodel surrounding tissue and subdue the immune system. Based on current literature and clinical studies on angiotensin receptor inhibitors, the paper concludes that blockade of the AT1 receptor in synergy with cancer vaccines and anti-inflammatory agents should offer a therapy to regress most, if not all, solid tumours. With regard to cancer being a systemic disease, an examination of supporting evidence for a systemic role of AT1 in relationship to inflammation in disease and injury is presented as a logical progression. The evidence suggests that regulation of the mutually antagonistic angiotensin II receptors (AT1 and AT2) is an essential process in the management of inflammation and wound recovery, and that it is an imbalance in the expression of these receptors that leads to disease. In consideration of cancer induced immune suppression, it is further postulated that the inflammation associated with bacterial and viral infections, is also an evolved means of immune suppression by these pathogens and that the damage caused, although incidental, leads to the symptoms of disease and, in some cases, death. It is anticipated that manipulation of the angiotensin system with existing anti-hypertensive drugs could provide a new approach to the treatment of many of the diseases that afflict mankind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Robert Smith
- Research Department, Perses Biosystems Limited, University of Warwick Science Park, Coventry, CV4 7EZ, UK
| | - Sotiris Missailidis
- Chemistry Department, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK
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Möller BH. The CHARM programme. Lancet 2003; 362:1677-8; author reply 1678-9. [PMID: 14630457 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(03)14812-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abali H, Güllü IH, Engin H, Haznedaroğlu IC, Erman M, Tekuzman G. Old antihypertensives as novel antineoplastics: angiotensin-I-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists. Med Hypotheses 2002; 59:344-8. [PMID: 12208167 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-9877(02)00185-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, cellular growth and invasion of a cancer cell are attractive targets for new treatment strategies of malignancies in recent years. The evidences are accumulating that ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II type 1 antagonists could be novel anti-angiogenic, anti-invasive, and even anti-growth agents against neoplastic tissues: The renin-angiotensin system promotes angiogenesis directly or indirectly and growth of neoplastic cell. Some tumors carry angiotensin II type 1 receptors. Angiotensin II antagonists and angiotensin-I-converting enzyme inhibitors have shown some anti-neoplastic actions. Angiotensin II receptor blocker losartan antagonises platelets, which are thought to modulate via vascular endothelial growth factor. They may even protect the patient from the major toxicity of chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, myelotoxicity, enabling us to give higher doses and end up with higher success rate. We believe that these agents can be useful on clinical grounds and suggest their incorporation into clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hüseyin Abali
- Division of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
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