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Yao Y, Yang H, Wang Y. Experimental investigation and modeling on the supersaturated total dissolved gas (TDG) dissipation in aeration. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 88:2378-2399. [PMID: 37966189 PMCID: wst_2023_336 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Supersaturated total dissolved gas (TDG) generation in rivers poses great harm to aquatic organisms. In this paper, 30 groups of supersaturated TDG dissipation experiments with aeration were carried out. These results showed that aeration actively promoted the dissipation of supersaturated TDG. The aeration rate decreased by 34.94% from 1.0 m3/h to 5.0 m3/h, the reduced proportion of aeration aperture was 35.51% from 215 mm to 260 mm, whereas the aeration depth increased by 16.93% from 0.4 m to 1.2 m for the TDG dissipation time required, resulting in corresponding the variation of TDG dissipation coefficients were 86.26%, 23.74% and -5.39%, respectively. In general, the effect on TDG dissipation is that the aeration rate is the largest, followed by the aeration aperture, and the aeration depth is the smallest. A quantitative relationship was established between TDG dissipation coefficient and aeration conditions, and followed a power function, while the aeration depth inhibited its dissipation. Moreover, what matters was that a numerical model was presented for predicting the TDG dissipation in Eulerian-Eulerian. When the parameter was β = 10.52, the error between the original experimental data and the simulated of a multiphase TDG dissipation model was 0.2%. The study provides essential scientific data for mitigating the harms of supersaturated TDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbo Yao
- College of Civil Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China E-mail:
| | - Huixia Yang
- College of Civil Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yunyun Wang
- College of Civil Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Aeration Process in Bioreactors as the Main Energy Consumer in a Wastewater Treatment Plant. Review of Solutions and Methods of Process Optimization. Processes (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/pr7050311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the key role of the biological decomposition process of organic compounds in wastewater treatment, a very important thing is appropriate aeration of activated sludge, because microorganisms have to be supplied with an appropriate amount of oxygen. Aeration is one of the most energy-consuming processes in the conventional activated sludge systems of wastewater treatment technology (may consume from 50% to 90% of electricity used by a plant), which makes it the most cost-generating process incurred by treatment plants. The paper presents the construction of aeration systems, their classification as well as parameters and factors that significantly affect the aeration process e.g., oxygen transfer efficiency, diffuser fouling, methods of dealing with diffuser fouling, diffuser selection. Additionally, there are briefly presented “smart control” systems in wastewater treatment and effect of application control strategy based on Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition system connected with the decrease in the energy consumption for aeration of bioreactors with activated sludge. It is noted that before the process is optimized, the system should be equipped with suitable metering devices. Only when relevant data is available, the improvements can be carried out. However, it’s important, that the operator should regularly maintain good condition and high efficiency of diffusers.
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Li N, Zeng W, Yang Y, Wang B, Li Z, Peng Y. Oxygen mass transfer and post-denitrification in a modified rotating drum biological contactor. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Garrido-Baserba M, Asvapathanagul P, Park HD, Kim TS, Baquero-Rodriguez GA, Olson BH, Rosso D. Impact of fouling on the decline of aeration efficiency under different operational conditions at WRRFs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 639:248-257. [PMID: 29787908 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm formation influences the most energy-demanding process in the waste water treatment cycle. Biofilm growth on the surface of wastewater aeration diffusers in water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs) can increase the energy requirements up to 50% in less than 2 years. The impact of biofilms in aeration diffusers was quantified and assessed for first time using molecular tools (i.e., Energy-dispersive X-ray, Ra and RMS and Pyrosequencing) and state-of-the-art techniques (i.e., EPS quantification, Hydrophobicity and DNA quantification). To provide a better understanding and quantitative connections between biological activity and aeration energy efficiency, two replicates of the most common diffusers were installed and tested in two different operational conditions (higher and lower organic loading rate processes) during 15 months. Different scenarios and conditions provided for first time comprehensive understanding of the major factors contributing to diffuser fouling. The array of analysis suggested that higher loading conditions can promote specialized microbial populations to halve aeration efficiency parameters (i.e., αF) in comparison to lower loading conditions. Biofilms adapted to certain operational conditions can trigger changes in diffuser membrane properties (i.e., biological enhanced roughness and hydrophobicity) and enhance EPS growth rates. Improved understanding of the effects of scaling, biofouling, aging and microbial population shifts on the decrease in aeration efficiency is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manel Garrido-Baserba
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, USA.
| | - Pitiporn Asvapathanagul
- Department of Civil Engineering and Construction Engineering Management, California State University, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA
| | - Hee-Deung Park
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Anam-Dong, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Seung Kim
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Anam-Dong, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - G Andres Baquero-Rodriguez
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Sede Campus Nueva Granada, Km 2, vía Cajicá - Zipaquirá, Colombia
| | - Betty H Olson
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, USA; Water-Energy Nexus Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, (USA)
| | - Diego Rosso
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, USA; Water-Energy Nexus Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, (USA)
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Mines RO, Callier MC, Drabek BJ, Butler AJ. Comparison of oxygen transfer parameters and oxygen demands in bioreactors operated at low and high dissolved oxygen levels. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2017; 52:341-349. [PMID: 27925576 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2016.1258871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The proper design of aeration systems for bioreactors is critical since it can represent up to 50% of the operational and capital cost at water reclamation facilities. Transferring the actual amount of oxygen needed to meet the oxygen demand of the wastewater requires α- and β-factors, which are used for calculating the actual oxygen transfer rate (AOTR) under process conditions based on the standard oxygen transfer rate (SOTR). The SOTR is measured in tap water at 20°C, 1 atmospheric pressure, and 0 mg L-1 of dissolved oxygen (DO). In this investigation, two 11.4-L bench-scale completely mixed activated process (CMAS) reactors were operated at various solid retention times (SRTs) to ascertain the relationship between the α-factor and SRT, and between the β-factor and SRT. The second goal was to determine if actual oxygen uptake rates (AOURs) are equal to calculated oxygen uptake rates (COURs) based on mass balances. Each reactor was supplied with 0.84 L m-1 of air resulting in SOTRs of 14.3 and 11.5 g O2 d-1 for Reactor 1 (R-1) and Reactor 2 (R-2), respectively. The estimated theoretical oxygen demands of the synthetic feed to R-1 and R-2 were 6.3 and 21.9 g O2 d-1, respectively. R-2 was primarily operated under a dissolved oxygen (DO) limitation and high nitrogen loading to determine if nitrification would be inhibited from a nitrite buildup and if this would impact the α-factor. Nitrite accumulated in R-2 at DO concentrations ranging from 0.50 to 7.35 mg L-1 and at free ammonia (FA) concentrations ranging from 1.34 to 7.19 mg L-1. Nonsteady-state reaeration tests performed on the effluent from each reactor and on tap water indicated that the α-factor increased as SRT increased. A simple statistical analysis (paired t-test) between AOURs and COURs indicated that there was a statistically significant difference at 0.05 level of significance for both reactors. The ex situ BOD bottle method for estimating AOUR appears to be invalid in bioreactors operated at low DO concentrations (<1.0 mg L-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard O Mines
- a Department of Environmental Engineering , Mercer University , Macon , Georgia , USA
| | - Matthew C Callier
- a Department of Environmental Engineering , Mercer University , Macon , Georgia , USA
| | - Benjamin J Drabek
- a Department of Environmental Engineering , Mercer University , Macon , Georgia , USA
| | - André J Butler
- a Department of Environmental Engineering , Mercer University , Macon , Georgia , USA
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Garrido-Baserba M, Asvapathanagul P, McCarthy GW, Gocke TE, Olson BH, Park HD, Al-Omari A, Murthy S, Bott CB, Wett B, Smeraldi JD, Shaw AR, Rosso D. Linking biofilm growth to fouling and aeration performance of fine-pore diffuser in activated sludge. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 90:317-328. [PMID: 26760484 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Aeration is commonly identified as the largest contributor to process energy needs in the treatment of wastewater and therefore garners significant focus in reducing energy use. Fine-pore diffusers are the most common aeration system in municipal wastewater treatment. These diffusers are subject to fouling and scaling, resulting in loss in transfer efficiency as biofilms form and change material properties producing larger bubbles, hindering mass transfer and contributing to increased plant energy costs. This research establishes a direct correlation and apparent mechanistic link between biofilm DNA concentration and reduced aeration efficiency caused by biofilm fouling. Although the connection between biofilm growth and fouling has been implicit in discussions of diffuser fouling for many years, this research provides measured quantitative connection between the extent of biofouling and reduced diffuser efficiency. This was clearly established by studying systematically the deterioration of aeration diffusers efficiency during a 1.5 year period, concurrently with the microbiological study of the biofilm fouling in order to understand the major factors contributing to diffuser fouling. The six different diffuser technologies analyzed in this paper included four different materials which were ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM), polyurethane, silicone and ceramic. While all diffusers foul eventually, some novel materials exhibited fouling resistance. The material type played a major role in determining the biofilm characteristics (i.e., growth rate, composition, and microbial density) which directly affected the rate and intensity at what the diffusers were fouled, whereas diffuser geometry exerted little influence. Overall, a high correlation between the increase in biofilm DNA and the decrease in αF was evident (CV < 14.0 ± 2.0%). By linking bacterial growth with aeration efficiency, the research was able to show quantitatively the causal connection between bacterial fouling and energy wastage during aeration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manel Garrido-Baserba
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, USA.
| | - Pitiporn Asvapathanagul
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, USA; Department of Civil Engineering and Construction Engineering Management, California State University, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA
| | - Graham W McCarthy
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, USA
| | - Thomas E Gocke
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, USA
| | - Betty H Olson
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, USA; Water-Energy Nexus Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, USA
| | - Hee-Deung Park
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Anam-Dong, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
| | - Ahmed Al-Omari
- DC Water, 5000 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20032, USA
| | - Sudhir Murthy
- DC Water, 5000 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20032, USA
| | - Charles B Bott
- Hampton Roads Sanitation District, Virginia Beach, VA 23471-0911, USA
| | - Bernhard Wett
- ARAconsult, Unterbergerstraße 1, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Joshua D Smeraldi
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460, USA
| | - Andrew R Shaw
- Black & Veatch, 8400 Ward Pkwy, Kansas City, MO 64114, USA
| | - Diego Rosso
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, USA; Water-Energy Nexus Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, USA.
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Adachi T. Oxygen transfer and power consumption in an aeration system using mist and circulation flow generated by a rotating cone. Chem Eng Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Jia X, Hu W, Yuan X, Yu K. Effect of surfactant type on interfacial area and liquid mass transfer for CO2 absorption in a bubble column. Chin J Chem Eng 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2014.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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9
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Goldrick S, Ştefan A, Lovett D, Montague G, Lennox B. The development of an industrial-scale fed-batch fermentation simulation. J Biotechnol 2015; 193:70-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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11
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Pittoors E, Guo Y, W. H. Van Hulle S. MODELING DISSOLVED OXYGEN CONCENTRATION FOR OPTIMIZING AERATION SYSTEMS AND REDUCING OXYGEN CONSUMPTION IN ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESSES: A REVIEW. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2014.883974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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12
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Improving electricity generation and substrate removal of a MFC–SBR system through optimization of COD loading distribution. Biochem Eng J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Saptoro A, Herng MTH, Teng ELW. Oxygen transfer to cassava starch solutions in an aerated, well-mixed bioreactor: Experimental and mass transfer studies. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-013-0251-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Effects of surfactant contamination on oxygen mass transfer in fine bubble aeration process. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-013-0092-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Zhang S, Wang D, Bu F, Zhang X, Fan P. Gas-liquid mass transfer in the presence of ionic surfactant: effect of counter-ions and interfacial turbulence. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.5242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology; Dalian University of Technology; Linggong Road 2; Dalian; 116024; China
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology; Dalian University of Technology; Linggong Road 2; Dalian; 116024; China
| | - Fang Bu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology; Dalian University of Technology; Linggong Road 2; Dalian; 116024; China
| | - Xingwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology; Dalian University of Technology; Linggong Road 2; Dalian; 116024; China
| | - Pingping Fan
- Dalian Waterwood Engineering Co. Ltd.; Linggong Road 2; Dalian; 116024; China
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Park S, Yang H. Flow and Oxygen-Transfer Characteristics in an Aeration System Using an Annular Nozzle Ejector. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie302208e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sangkyoo Park
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Chonnam National University, 50 Daehak-Ro, Yeosu, Jeonnam,
550-747, Korea
| | - Heicheon Yang
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Chonnam National University, 50 Daehak-Ro, Yeosu, Jeonnam,
550-747, Korea
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Liu XW, Wang YP, Huang YX, Sun XF, Sheng GP, Zeng RJ, Li F, Dong F, Wang SG, Tong ZH, Yu HQ. Integration of a microbial fuel cell with activated sludge process for energy-saving wastewater treatment: taking a sequencing batch reactor as an example. Biotechnol Bioeng 2011; 108:1260-7. [PMID: 21290383 DOI: 10.1002/bit.23056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Revised: 12/19/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In the research and application of microbial fuel cell (MFC), how to incorporate MFCs into current wastewater infrastructure is an importance issue. Here, we report a novel strategy of integrating an MFC into a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) to test the energy production and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal. The membrane-less biocathode MFC is integrated with the SBR to recover energy from the aeration in the form of electricity and thus reduce the SBR operation costs. In a lab-scale integrated SBR-MFC system, the maximum power production of the MFC was 2.34 W/m(3) for one typical cycle and the current density reached up to 14 A/m(3) . As a result, the MFC contributed to the 18.7% COD consumption of the integrated system and also recovered energy from the aeration tank with a volume fraction of only 12% of the SBR. Our strategy provides a feasible and effective energy-saving and -recovering solution to upgrade the existing activated sludge processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Wei Liu
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Henkel J, Lemac M, Wagner M, Cornel P. Oxygen transfer in membrane bioreactors treating synthetic greywater. WATER RESEARCH 2009; 43:1711-1719. [PMID: 19217638 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2009.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2008] [Revised: 01/07/2009] [Accepted: 01/11/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Mass transfer coefficients (k(L)a) were studied in two pilot scale membrane bioreactors (MBR) with different setup configurations treating 200L/h of synthetic greywater with mixed liquor suspended solids' (MLSS) concentrations ranging from 4.7 to 19.5g/L. Besides the MLSS concentration, mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS), total solids (TS), volatile solids (VS), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and anionic surfactants of the sludge were measured. Although the pilot plants differed essentially in their configurations and aeration systems, similar alpha-factors at the same MLSS concentration could be determined. A comparison of the results to the published values of other authors showed that not the MLSS concentration but rather the MLVSS concentration seems to be the decisive parameter which influences the oxygen transfer in activated sludge systems operating at a high sludge retention time (SRT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Henkel
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Institut WAR, Section: Wastewater Technology, Petersenstrasse 13, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
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Painmanakul P, Hébrard G. Effect of different contaminants on the α-factor: Local experimental method and modeling. Chem Eng Res Des 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2008.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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Chern JM, Chou SR. Effects of Surfactant on Volatile Organic Compound Emission Rates in a Diffused Aeration System. Ind Eng Chem Res 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ie020238r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ming Chern
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tatung University, 40 Chungshan North Road, 3rd Section, Taipei 10452, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Ren Chou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tatung University, 40 Chungshan North Road, 3rd Section, Taipei 10452, Taiwan
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