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Liu N, He G, Wang H, He C, Wang H, Liu C, Wang Y, Wang H, Li L, Lu X, Fan S. Rising frequency of ozone-favorable synoptic weather patterns contributes to 2015-2022 ozone increase in Guangzhou. J Environ Sci (China) 2025; 148:502-514. [PMID: 39095184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Objective weather classification methods have been extensively applied to identify dominant ozone-favorable synoptic weather patterns (SWPs), however, the consistency of different classification methods is rarely examined. In this study, we apply two widely-used objective methods, the self-organizing map (SOM) and K-means clustering analysis, to derive ozone-favorable SWPs at four Chinese megacities in 2015-2022. We find that the two algorithms are largely consistent in recognizing dominant ozone-favorable SWPs for four Chinese megacities. In the case of classifying six SWPs, the derived circulation fields are highly similar with a spatial correlation of 0.99 between the two methods, and the difference in the mean frequency of each SWP is less than 7%. The six dominant ozone-favorable SWPs in Guangzhou are all characterized by anomaly higher radiation and temperature, lower cloud cover, relative humidity, and wind speed, and stronger subsidence compared to climatology mean. We find that during 2015-2022, the occurrence of ozone-favorable SWPs days increases significantly at a rate of 3.2 day/year, faster than the increases in the ozone exceedance days (3.0 day/year). The interannual variability between the occurrence of ozone-favorable SWPs and ozone exceedance days are generally consistent with a temporal correlation coefficient of 0.6. In particular, the significant increase in ozone-favorable SWPs in 2022, especially the Subtropical High type which typically occurs in September, is consistent with a long-lasting ozone pollution episode in Guangzhou during September 2022. Our results thus reveal that enhanced frequency of ozone-favorable SWPs plays an important role in the observed 2015-2022 ozone increase in Guangzhou.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanxi Liu
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Guowen He
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Haolin Wang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Cheng He
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Haofan Wang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Chenxi Liu
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Yiming Wang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Haichao Wang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Xiao Lu
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Zhuhai 519082, China.
| | - Shaojia Fan
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Zhuhai 519082, China.
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Zhong H, Zhen L, Yao Q, Xiao Y, Liu J, Chen B, Xu W. Understanding the spatial and seasonal variation of the ground-level ozone in Southeast China with an interpretable machine learning and multi-source remote sensing. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 917:170570. [PMID: 38296071 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Ground-level ozone (O3) pollution poses significant threats to both human health and air quality. This study uses ground observations and satellite retrievals to explore the spatiotemporal characteristics of ground-level O3 in Zhejiang Province, China. We created data-driven machine learning models that include meteorological, geographical and atmospheric parameters from multi-source remote sensing products, achieving good performance (Pearson's r of 0.81) in explaining regional O3 dynamics. Analyses revealed the crucial roles of temperature, relative humidity, total column O3, and the distributions and interactions of precursor (volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides) in driving the varied O3 patterns observed in Zhejiang. Furthermore, the interpretable modeling quantified multifactor interactions that sustain high O3 levels in spring and autumn, suppress O3 levels in summer, and inhibit O3 formation in winter. This work demonstrates the value of a combined approach using satellite and machine learning as an effective novel tool for regional air quality assessment and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haobin Zhong
- School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jiaxing Nanhu University, Jiaxing 314001, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Jiaxing key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Advanced Materials for Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Ling Zhen
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Prevention, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiufang Yao
- School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jiaxing Nanhu University, Jiaxing 314001, China; Jiaxing key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Advanced Materials for Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Yanping Xiao
- School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jiaxing Nanhu University, Jiaxing 314001, China; Jiaxing key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Advanced Materials for Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Jinsong Liu
- School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jiaxing Nanhu University, Jiaxing 314001, China; Jiaxing key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Advanced Materials for Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Baihua Chen
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Prevention, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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3
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Gao P, Wu Y, He L, Wang L, Fu Y, Chen J, Zhang F, Krafft T, Martens P. Adverse short-term effects of ozone on cardiovascular mortalities modified by season and temperature: a time-series study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1182337. [PMID: 37361179 PMCID: PMC10288843 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1182337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ambient ozone pollution becomes critical in China. Conclusions on the short-term effects of ozone on cardiovascular mortality have been controversial and limited on cause-specific cardiovascular mortalities and their interactions with season and temperature. This research aimed to investigate the short-term effects of ozone and the modifications of season and temperature on cardiovascular mortality. Methods Cardiovascular death records, air pollutants, and meteorological factors in Shenzhen from 2013 to 2019 were analyzed. Daily 1-h maximum of ozone and daily maximum 8-h moving average of ozone were studied. Generalized additive models (GAMs) were applied to evaluate their associations with cardiovascular mortalities in sex and age groups. Effect modifications were assessed by stratifying season and temperature. Results Distributed lag impacts of ozone on total cardiovascular deaths and cumulative effects on mortality due to ischemic heart disease (IHD) were most significant. Population under 65 years old was most susceptible. Majority of significant effects were found in warm season, at high temperature, and at extreme heat. Ozone-associated risks in total deaths caused by hypertensive diseases reduced in warm season, while risks in IHD in males increased at high temperature. Extreme heat enhanced ozone effects on deaths caused by CVDs and IHD in the population under 65 years old. Discussion The revealed cardiovascular impacts of ozone below current national standard of air quality suggested improved standards and interventions in China. Higher temperature, particularly extreme heat, rather than warm season, could significantly enhance the adverse effects of ozone on cardiovascular mortality in population under 65 years old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panjun Gao
- Department of Health, Ethics and Society, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Yongsheng Wu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lihuan He
- China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingbin Fu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinrong Chen
- China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Fengying Zhang
- China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Thomas Krafft
- Department of Health, Ethics and Society, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Pim Martens
- University College Venlo, Maastricht University, Venlo, Netherlands
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Borhani F, Shafiepour Motlagh M, Stohl A, Rashidi Y, Ehsani AH. Tropospheric Ozone in Tehran, Iran, during the last 20 years. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:3615-3637. [PMID: 34661832 PMCID: PMC8520826 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01117-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution and its effects on human health and the environment are one of the main concerns in urban areas. This study focuses on the distribution and changes in the concentrations of ozone and its precursors (i.e., NO, NO2 and CO) in Tehran for the 20-year period from 2001 to 2020. The effects of precursors and meteorological conditions (temperature, wind speed, dew point, humidity and rainfall) on ozone were investigated using data from 22 stations of the Air Quality Control Company (AQCC) and meteorological stations. Regression models were applied to evaluate the dependence of ozone concentration on its precursors and meteorological parameters based on monthly average values. Finally, the monthly and annual levels of surface ozone and total column ozone were compared during the study period. The results show that the average ozone concentration in Tehran varied substantially between 2001 and 2008, and decreased after 2008 when stringent air quality control measures were implemented. The highest average concentration of ozone occurred in the southwest of Tehran. Although mobile and resident sources play an important role in the release of precursors, the results also indicate a significant effect of meteorological conditions on the changes in ozone concentration. This study is an effective step toward a better understanding of ozone changes in Tehran under the changing influence of precursors and meteorological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Borhani
- School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box, 14155-6135 Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Shafiepour Motlagh
- School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box, 14155-6135 Tehran, Iran
| | - Andreas Stohl
- Department of Meteorology and Geophysics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yousef Rashidi
- Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Houshang Ehsani
- School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box, 14155-6135 Tehran, Iran
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Yang J, Wang S, Zhang R, Yin S. Elevated particle acidity enhanced the sulfate formation during the COVID-19 pandemic in Zhengzhou, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 296:118716. [PMID: 34933059 PMCID: PMC8684291 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The significant reduction in PM2.5 mass concentration after the outbreak of COVID-19 provided a unique opportunity further to study the formation mechanism of secondary inorganic aerosols. Hourly data of chemical components in PM2.5, gaseous pollutants, and meteorological data were obtained from January 1 to 23, 2020 (pre-lockdown) and January 24 to February 17, 2020 (COVID-lockdown) in Zhengzhou, China. Sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium were the main components of PM2.5 during both the pre-lockdown and COVID-lockdown periods. Compared with the pre-lockdown period, even though the concentration and proportion of nitrate decreased, nitrate was the dominant component in PM2.5 during the COVID-lockdown period. Moreover, nitrate production was enhanced by the elevated O3 concentration, which was favorable for the homogeneous and hydrolysis nitrate formation despite the drastic decrease of NO2. The proportion of sulfate during the COVID-lockdown period was higher than that before. Aqueous-phase reactions of H2O2 and transition metal (TMI) catalyzed oxidations were the major pathways for sulfate formation. During the COVID-lockdown period, TMI-catalyzed oxidation became the dominant pathway for aqueous-phase sulfate formation because the elevated acidity favored the dissolution of TMI. Therefore, the enhanced TMI-catalyzed oxidation affected by the elevated particle acidity dominated the sulfate formation, resulting in the slight increase of sulfate concentration during the COVID-lockdown period in Zhengzhou.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieru Yang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Institute of Environmental Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 450001, China
| | - Shenbo Wang
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 450001, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ruiqin Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 450001, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Shasha Yin
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 450001, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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Impacts of Meteorological Factors, VOCs Emissions and Inter-Regional Transport on Summer Ozone Pollution in Yuncheng. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12121661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Summer ozone (O3) pollution in China has become increasingly serious in recent years. This study is based on hourly data of near-surface ozone (O3) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from June to August 2020 in Yuncheng, combined with meteorological data to analyse the characteristics of O3 pollution in summer and the influence of meteorological factors, precursors, and long-range transport on O3 pollution. In this paper, the VOCs/NOx characteristic ratio method was used to explore the sensitivity of O3 generation. Backward trajectories, cluster analysis, potential source contribution factor (PSCF) analysis and concentration weight trajectory (CWT) analysis were also calculated using Trajstat software. In 2020, Yuncheng had persistent O3 pollution, with the highest concentrations in June, significantly higher than July and August. Conditions of high temperature, low relative humidity and low wind speed contribute to the O3 accumulation. VOCs are the main precursors to the local production of O3. Besides, the long-range transport analysis shows that southeast-oriented air masses are the main direction influencing summer O3 pollution. The primary potential source areas of O3 are in the central and southern part of Henan province, the north-western Anhui province, and the northern Shaanxi. In addition, northern Hubei and southwestern Shandong also influence O3 pollution in summer Yuncheng.
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Bera B, Bhattacharjee S, Shit PK, Sengupta N, Saha S. Variation and correlation between ultraviolet index and tropospheric ozone during COVID-19 lockdown over megacities of India. STOCHASTIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND RISK ASSESSMENT : RESEARCH JOURNAL 2021; 36:409-427. [PMID: 34093082 PMCID: PMC8164408 DOI: 10.1007/s00477-021-02033-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide spread out of COVID-19 in a short-time has brought a significant decline of road traffic, tourist flow and industrial ventures. During this emergency period, the restricted human dealings with nature have appeared as blessing for health of the total environment. The variation of atmospheric O3 may modulate the range of UV index (UVI) at any region of the earth. The objective of the study is to examine the variation of UV index over the megacities of India with respect to tropospheric O3 level modification during COVID-19 lockdown. The meteorological or environmental data (temperature in °C, gust in km/h, wind speed km/h, relative humidity in %, air pressure in mb and cloud cover in okta) of four selective megacities of India (Kolkata, Chennai, Delhi, Mumbai) during and pre lockdown period have been obtained to comprehend about the variation of UV index and tropospheric O3. The descriptive statistical applications i.e. standard deviation, standard errors and K-means clustering have been done through standard statistical software. In the present study, t-test has been used to understand level of significance of surface O3 and UVI during pre-lockdown (2019) and lockdown (2020) phase. The result shows that the four major megacities in India namely New Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai have experienced the vibrant diminution in terms of the concentration of UV index with slightly increasing the tropospheric O3 level during the lockdown phase. The higher accumulation of O3 during the lockdown in the lower atmosphere of four megacities does not exceed the permissible limit. The excess amount of O3 has remarkably contributed to trap the harmful UV radiation which has lowered the UVI in these worst polluted megacities of India. In the meantime, the prominent reduction of NOx during the lockdown period decreases the titration impact to O3 and this mechanism helps to revitalize the ozone concentration level. The uniqueness of the current study is highlighted the ground reality regarding reduction of UV index and amplification of tropospheric O3 concentration during lockdown phase. This study definitely assists to make new environmental policy, act and law for recover the health of the total environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Bera
- Department of Geography, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Sainik School, Ranchi Road, P.O., Purulia, 723104 India
| | - Sumana Bhattacharjee
- Department of Geography, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Ballygunge, Kolkata, 700019 India
| | - Pravat Kumar Shit
- Department of Geography and Environment Management, Raja Narendralal Khan Women’s College, Gope Palace, P.O. Vidyasagar University, Paschim Medinipur, 721102 India
| | - Nairita Sengupta
- Department of Geography, Diamond Harbour Women’s University, Sarisha, 743368 India
| | - Soumik Saha
- Department of Geography, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Ballygunge, Kolkata, 700019 India
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Accurate Prediction of Concentration Changes in Ozone as an Air Pollutant by Multiple Linear Regression and Artificial Neural Networks. MATHEMATICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/math9040356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study considers the usage of multilinear regression and artificial neural network modelling to forecast ozone concentrations with regard to weather-related indicators (wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity and temperature). Initial data were obtained by measuring the meteorological parameters using the PC Radio Weather Station. Ozone concentrations near high-voltage lines were measured using RS1003 and at a 220 m distance using ML9811. Neural network models such as the multilayer perceptron and radial basis function neural networks were constructed. The prognostic capacities of the designed models were assessed by comparing the result data by way of the square of the coefficient of multiple correlations (R2) and mean square error (MSE) values. The number of hidden neurons was optimised by decreasing an error function that recorded the number of units in the hidden layers to the precision of the expanded networks. The neural software IBM SPSS 26v was used for artificial neural network (ANN) modelling. The study demonstrated that the linear regression modelling approach was lacking in its capacity to predict the investigated ozone concentrations by used parameters, whereas the use of an ANN offered more precise outcomes. The conducted tests’ results established the strength of the designed artificial neural network models with irrelevant differences between detected and forecasted data.
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Li Y, Yin S, Yu S, Bai L, Wang X, Lu X, Ma S. Characteristics of ozone pollution and the sensitivity to precursors during early summer in central plain, China. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 99:354-368. [PMID: 33183714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we conducted an observation experiment from May 1 to June 30, 2018 in Zhengzhou, a major city in central China, where ground ozone (O3) pollution has become serious in recent years. The concentrations of O3 and its precursors, as well as H2O2 and meteorological data were obtained from the urban site (Yanchang, YC), suburban (Zhengzhou University, ZZU) and background sites (Ganglishuiku, GLSK). Result showed that the rates of O3 concentration exceeded Chinese National Air Quality Standard Grade II (93.3 ppbv) were 59.0%, 52.5%, and 55.7% at the above three sites with good consistency, respectively, indicating that O3 pollution is a regional problem in Zhengzhou. The daily peak O3 appeared at 15:00-16:00, which was opposite to VOCs, NOx, and CO and consistent with H2O2. The exhaustive statistical analysis of meteorological factors and chemical effects on O3 formation at YC was advanced. The high concentration of precursors, high temperature, low relative humidity, and moderately high wind speed together with the wind direction dominated by south and southeast wind contribute to urban O3 episodes in Zhengzhou. O3 formation analysis showed that reactive alkenes such as isoprene and cis-2-butene contributed most to O3 formation. The VOCs/NOx ratio and smog production model were used to determine O3-VOC-NOx sensitivity. The O3 formation in Zhengzhou during early summer was mainly under VOC-limited and transition regions alternately, which implies that the simultaneous emission reduction of alkenes and NOx is effective in reducing O3 pollution in Zhengzhou.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasong Li
- Research Institute of Environmental Science College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shasha Yin
- Research Institute of Environmental Science College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Shijie Yu
- Research Institute of Environmental Science College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ling Bai
- Research Institute of Environmental Science College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Research Institute of Environmental Science College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xuan Lu
- Research Institute of Environmental Science College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shuangliang Ma
- Henan Environmental Monitoring Center, Zhengzhou, 450004, China
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Wen W, Guo C, Ma X, Zhao X, Liu L, Chen D, Xu J. Impact of emission reduction on aerosol-radiation interaction during heavy pollution periods over Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in China. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 95:2-13. [PMID: 32653180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In December 2015, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region experienced several episodes of heavy air pollution. The government immediately issued emergency control measures to reduce the pollution, which provided a good opportunity to explore the impact of emission reduction on aerosol-radiation interaction. In this study, four tests were conducted, including the base1 simulation with emission reduction and aerosol-radiation interaction on, the base2 simulation with emission reduction and aerosol-radiation interaction off, the scenario1 simulation without emission reduction and aerosol-radiation interaction on and the scenario2 simulation without emission reduction and aerosol-radiation interaction off. We find that the aerosol-radiation interaction decreased the downward shortwave radiation and the temperature at 2 m, reduced the planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) in the region, and increased the relative humidity at 2 m, which is favorable for pollution accumulation. Our results revealed that the interaction effect due to emission reductions increased downward shortwave radiation by an average of 0-5 W/m2, leading to increase in surface temperature of 0-0.05°C, increase in the daytime mean PBL high of 0-8 m, and decrease in daytime mean relative humidity at 2 m of 0.5%. We found that if there were aerosol-radiation interaction, it would enhance the effectiveness of emission control measures on air pollution control. The enhance of PM2.5 (particulate matter less than 2.5 µm), PM10 (particulate matter less than 10 µm), and NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) emission reduction effects reached 7.62%, 6.90%, 11.62%, respectively, over this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wen
- Institute of Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100089, China; School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chunwei Guo
- Institute of Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100089, China.
| | - Xin Ma
- National Meteorological Center, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhao
- Institute of Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100089, China.
| | - Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Institute of Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Institute of Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100089, China
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11
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Long-Term Variations of Air Quality Influenced by Surface Ozone in a Coastal Site in India: Association with Synoptic Meteorological Conditions with Model Simulations. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11020193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric ozone (O3) in the surface level plays a central role in determining air quality and atmospheric oxidizing capacity. In this paper, we review our comprehensive results of simultaneous measurements of surface ozone (O3) and its precursor gas (NOx) and weather parameters that were carried out continuously for a span of six years (January 2013–December 2018) at a typical rural coastal site, Kannur (11.9° N, 75.4° E) in South India. Surface O3 concentration reached its maximum during daytime hours and minimum during the night time. The influence of solar radiation and water content on variations of O3 are discussed. A Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) artificial neural network technique has been used to understand the effect of atmospheric temperature on the increase in O3 over the past six years. This has been found that temperature has been a major contributor to the increase in O3 levels over the years. The National Centre for Atmospheric Research- Master Mechanism (NCAR-MM) Photochemical box model study was conducted to validate the variations of O3 in different seasons and years, and the results were shown to be in good agreement with observed trends.
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12
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Carmona-Cabezas R, Gómez-Gómez J, Gutiérrez de Ravé E, Jiménez-Hornero FJ. Checking complex networks indicators in search of singular episodes of the photochemical smog. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 241:125085. [PMID: 31614312 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A set of indicators derived from the analysis of complex networks have been introduced to identify singularities on a time series. To that end, the Visibility Graphs (VG) from three different signals related to photochemical smog (O3, NO2 concentration and temperature) have been computed. From the resulting complex network, the centrality parameters have been obtained and compared among them. Besides, they have been contrasted to two others that arise from a multifractal point of view, that have been widely used for singularity detection in many fields: the Hölder and singularity exponents (specially the first one of them). The outcomes show that the complex network indicators give equivalent results to those already tested, even exhibiting some advantages such as the unambiguity and the more selective results. This suggest a favorable position as supplementary sources of information when detecting singularities in several environmental variables, such as pollutant concentration or temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Carmona-Cabezas
- Complex Geometry, Patterns and Scaling in Natural and Human Phenomena (GEPENA) Research Group, University of Cordoba, Gregor Mendel Building (3rd floor), Campus Rabanales, 14071, Cordoba, Spain.
| | - Javier Gómez-Gómez
- Complex Geometry, Patterns and Scaling in Natural and Human Phenomena (GEPENA) Research Group, University of Cordoba, Gregor Mendel Building (3rd floor), Campus Rabanales, 14071, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Eduardo Gutiérrez de Ravé
- Complex Geometry, Patterns and Scaling in Natural and Human Phenomena (GEPENA) Research Group, University of Cordoba, Gregor Mendel Building (3rd floor), Campus Rabanales, 14071, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Francisco J Jiménez-Hornero
- Complex Geometry, Patterns and Scaling in Natural and Human Phenomena (GEPENA) Research Group, University of Cordoba, Gregor Mendel Building (3rd floor), Campus Rabanales, 14071, Cordoba, Spain
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13
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McNider RT, Pour-Biazar A. Meteorological modeling relevant to mesoscale and regional air quality applications: a review. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2020; 70:2-43. [PMID: 31799913 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2019.1694602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The highest correlative relations for air pollution levels are often with meteorological variables such as temperature and wind speed. Today, sophisticated gridded high-resolution meteorological models are used to produce meteorological fields that drive chemical transport models for air quality management. Errors in specification of the physical atmosphere such as temperature, clouds and winds can affect the air quality predictions. Additionally, the efficiency and efficacy of emission control strategies can be compromised by errors in the meteorological fields. In this paper, the role of meteorology in air quality behavior, primarily from the viewpoint of regional ozone modeling as carried out in the U.S., is reviewed. Particular attention is given to physics and new techniques for improving meteorological model performance. Uncertainties in model turbulent mixing in the nighttime boundary layer, where large model differences exist, are examined. The role of spatial mesoscale features such as topography and land/water systems in models are discussed. The nocturnal low-level jet, a mesoscale temporal and spatial feature, and its impact on air quality are examined. Traditional air quality concerns have focused on synoptic conditions at the center of high-pressure systems. However, high ozone levels have also been associated with stationary fronts. The ability of models to capture mesoscale structure and yet retain synoptic structure and its timing is challenging. Data assimilation and its ability to improve model performance are examined. Particular attention is given to vertical nudging strategies that can affect formation of the nocturnal low-level jets. Finally, clouds can have a major impact on air quality since insolation impacts temperature, biogenic emissions and photolysis rates and extremes in stability. Traditional techniques, which attempt to insert cloud water where there is not dynamical support, can lead to additional errors. New dynamical approaches for improving model cloud performance are discussed.Implications: This article shows that there has been a considerable improvement in meteorological models used for air quality simulations. In particular, improvement in the tools for incorporating both traditional observations and new satellite data for retrospective studies has been beneficial to air quality community. However, while this trend is continuing, many challenges remain. As an example, due to having many options available in configuring a model simulation, there is a need to evaluate and recommend sets of options that provide important performance measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard T McNider
- Earth System Science Center, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama, USA
| | - Arastoo Pour-Biazar
- Earth System Science Center, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama, USA
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14
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Wang ZB, Li JX, Liang LW. Spatio-temporal evolution of ozone pollution and its influencing factors in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 256:113419. [PMID: 31706769 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ozone has become a major atmospheric pollutant in China as the pattern of urban energy usage has changed and the number of motor vehicles has grown rapidly. The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration, also known as the Jing-Jin-Ji Urban Agglomeration (hereafter, JJJUA), with a precarious balance between protecting the ecological environment and sustaining economic development, is challenged by high levels of ozone pollution. Based on ozone observation data from 13 cities in the JJJUA from 2014 to 2017, the spatio-temporal trends in the evolution of ozone pollution and its associated influencing factors were analyzed using Moran's I Index, hot-spot analysis, and Geodetector using ArcGIS and SPSS software. Five key results were obtained. 1) There was an increase in the annual average ozone concentration, for the period 2014-2017. Comparing the 13 prefecture-level cities, ozone pollution in Chengde and Hengshui decreased, while it worsened in the remaining 11 cities. 2) Ozone pollution was worse in spring and summer than in autumn and winter; the peak ozone pollution season was from May to September; the average ozone concentration on workdays was higher than that on non-workdays, showing a counter-weekend effect. 3) Annual average concentrations were high in the central and southern parts of the study region but low in the north. 4) Prominent positive spatial correlations were observed in ozone concentration, with the best correlations shown in summer and autumn; concentrations were high in Baoding and Xingtai but low in Beijing and Chengde. 5) Concentrations of PM10, NO2, CO, SO2, and PM2.5, as well as average wind speed, sunshine duration, evaporation, precipitation, and temperature, all had significant effects on ozone pollution, and interactions between these influencing factors increased it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Bo Wang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Jia-Xin Li
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Long-Wu Liang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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15
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Carmona-Cabezas R, Gómez-Gómez J, Ariza-Villaverde AB, Gutiérrez de Ravé E, Jiménez-Hornero FJ. Can complex networks describe the urban and rural tropospheric O 3 dynamics? CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 230:59-66. [PMID: 31102872 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone (O3) time series have been converted into complex networks through the recent so-called Visibility Graph (VG), using the data from air quality stations located in the western part of Andalusia (Spain). The aim is to apply this novel method to differentiate the behavior between rural and urban regions when it comes to the ozone dynamics. To do so, some centrality parameters of the resulting complex networks have been investigated: the degree, betweenness and shortest path. Some of them are expected to corroborate previous works in order to support the use of this technique; while others to supply new information. Results coincide when describing the difference that tropospheric ozone exhibits seasonally and geographically. It is seen that ozone behavior is fractal, in accordance to previous works. Also, it has been demonstrated that this methodology is able to characterize the divergence encountered between measurements in urban environments and countryside. In addition to that, the promising outcomes of this technique support the use of complex networks for the study of air pollutants dynamics. Particularly, new nuances are offered such as the identification and description of singularities in the signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Carmona-Cabezas
- Department of Graphic Engineering and Geomatic, University of Cordoba, Gregor Mendel Building (3rd floor), Campus Rabanales, Cordoba, 14071, Spain.
| | - Javier Gómez-Gómez
- Department of Graphic Engineering and Geomatic, University of Cordoba, Gregor Mendel Building (3rd floor), Campus Rabanales, Cordoba, 14071, Spain
| | - Ana B Ariza-Villaverde
- Department of Graphic Engineering and Geomatic, University of Cordoba, Gregor Mendel Building (3rd floor), Campus Rabanales, Cordoba, 14071, Spain
| | - Eduardo Gutiérrez de Ravé
- Department of Graphic Engineering and Geomatic, University of Cordoba, Gregor Mendel Building (3rd floor), Campus Rabanales, Cordoba, 14071, Spain
| | - Francisco J Jiménez-Hornero
- Department of Graphic Engineering and Geomatic, University of Cordoba, Gregor Mendel Building (3rd floor), Campus Rabanales, Cordoba, 14071, Spain
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16
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Wang H, Chai S, Tang X, Zhou B, Bian J, Vömel H, Yu K, Wang W. Verification of satellite ozone/temperature profile products and ozone effective height/temperature over Kunming, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 661:35-47. [PMID: 30665130 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ozonesonde data from November 2013 to April 2015 over Kunming, China are used to verify ozone and temperature profile retrievals from two spaceborne instruments, the version 4.2 product from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) on the NASA Aura satellite and the version 6.0 product from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on the NASA Aqua satellite. We calculated and compared the ozone effective height Heff and effective temperature Teff, which are two important parameters in ground-based total ozone retrieval through the use of various profile datasets. This is used to verify the accuracy of the operative values (Heff(0) = 23 km, Teff(0) = -46.3 °C (or -45 °C)) from the World Meteorological Organization. The results show that the deviation of MLS and AIRS ozone profiles from ozone sounding data has significant oscillation and scatter in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. The average difference of MLS at 82.5 hPa is (80.5 ± 65.1) %, and that of AIRS at 70 and 100 hPa are (105.6 ± 74.9) % and (107.0 ± 67.8) %, respectively. The two satellite temperature profiles have differences within ±3 °C and can effectively describe the vertical distribution and variation of temperature. When calculating the Heff and Teff, upper stratospheric data missing from the sounding data must be filled in by the satellite profile data; otherwise the calculated results will show large errors of 3.2 km and 3.3 °C. The Heff and Teff at Kunming are respectively 24.36 to 25.51 km and -48.3 to -43.6 °C. The operational Heff and Teff used at Kunming ozone observation station clearly do not conform to the actual situation and must be corrected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyue Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Atmosphere Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Suying Chai
- Department of Atmosphere Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China; Yunan Institute of Environmental Science, Kunming, China
| | - Xiao Tang
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Eco-Chongming (SIEC), No. 3663 Northern Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jianchun Bian
- Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Holger Vömel
- Earth Observing Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Ke Yu
- Meteorological Information Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Weiguo Wang
- Department of Atmosphere Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
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A Novel Method for Improving Air Pollution Prediction Based on Machine Learning Approaches: A Case Study Applied to the Capital City of Tehran. ISPRS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEO-INFORMATION 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/ijgi8020099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Environmental pollution has mainly been attributed to urbanization and industrial developments across the globe. Air pollution has been marked as one of the major problems of metropolitan areas around the world, especially in Tehran, the capital of Iran, where its administrators and residents have long been struggling with air pollution damage such as the health issues of its citizens. As far as the study area of this research is concerned, a considerable proportion of Tehran air pollution is attributed to PM10 and PM2.5 pollutants. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the prediction models to determine air pollutions based on PM10 and PM2.5 pollution concentrations in Tehran. To predict the air-pollution, the data related to day of week, month of year, topography, meteorology, and pollutant rate of two nearest neighbors as the input parameters and machine learning methods were used. These methods include a regression support vector machine, geographically weighted regression, artificial neural network and auto-regressive nonlinear neural network with an external input as the machine learning method for the air pollution prediction. A prediction model was then proposed to improve the afore-mentioned methods, by which the error percentage has been reduced and improved by 57%, 47%, 47% and 94%, respectively. The most reliable algorithm for the prediction of air pollution was autoregressive nonlinear neural network with external input using the proposed prediction model, where its one-day prediction error reached 1.79 µg/m3. Finally, using genetic algorithm, data for day of week, month of year, topography, wind direction, maximum temperature and pollutant rate of the two nearest neighbors were identified as the most effective parameters in the prediction of air pollution.
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A Predictive Model for Steady State Ozone Concentration at an Urban-Coastal Site. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16020258. [PMID: 30658446 PMCID: PMC6352037 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16020258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ground level ozone (O₃) plays an important role in controlling the oxidation budget in the boundary layer and thus affects the environment and causes severe health disorders. Ozone gas, being one of the well-known greenhouse gases, although present in small quantities, contributes to global warming. In this study, we present a predictive model for the steady-state ozone concentrations during daytime (13:00⁻17:00) and nighttime (01:00⁻05:00) at an urban coastal site. The model is based on a modified approach of the null cycle of O₃ and NOx and was evaluated against a one-year data-base of O₃ and nitrogen oxides (NO and NO₂) measured at an urban coastal site in Jeddah, on the west coast of Saudi Arabia. The model for daytime concentrations was found to be linearly dependent on the concentration ratio of NO₂ to NO whereas that for the nighttime period was suggested to be inversely proportional to NO₂ concentrations. Knowing that reactions involved in tropospheric O₃ formation are very complex, this proposed model provides reasonable predictions for the daytime and nighttime concentrations. Since the current description of the model is solely based on the null cycle of O₃ and NOx, other precursors could be considered in future development of this model. This study will serve as basis for future studies that might introduce informing strategies to control ground level O₃ concentrations, as well as its precursors' emissions.
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Plocoste T, Dorville JF, Monjoly S, Jacoby-Koaly S, André M. Assessment of nitrogen oxides and ground-level ozone behavior in a dense air quality station network: Case study in the Lesser Antilles Arc. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2018; 68:1278-1300. [PMID: 29708862 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2018.1471428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a study on ground-level ozone (O3), nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) concentrations, and their variabilities in the ambient air of three sites of a tropical archipelago that is moderately urbanized. Statistical analysis was performed on a quite complete (>80%) set of 5 years of measurements (2008-2012). There are few studies on those pollutants and their seasonal behavior in the Caribbean area, where pollution level and cities configuration are different from megacities. Analyses are focused on pollutant variations at the scale of the day, the week, and the seasons, using hourly data. The observations show that NOx concentrations are more elevated during the wet season, whereas O3 concentrations are higher in the dry season. Amplitudes of ozone cycles are strongly influenced by meteorological conditions (temperature, global radiation, and wind speed) and prevailing levels of NOx. An ozone weekend effect is detected with the highest amplitude in the city, where anthropogenic activity is the lowest during the weekend. Due to the nature and the origin of pollutants, NOx shows higher variability than O3 in the time series. Our results evince the need for continuous measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in order to better quantify their contribution in O3 formation in an insular context where numerous natural sources have been identified. Implications: Statistical analyses of observed NOx and O3 concentrations for 5 years for a typical low industrialized site of the Caribbean area have been done. Air quality for those components is correct based on the standards of the World Health Orgaization, pollutant source spatial distributions, and level of industrialization. Observations show the same patterns as in megacities but also a strong impact of weather conditions and road traffic. Behaviors of O3 cannot be fully explained without VOCs monitoring. Localization and type of AQS should be reconsidered to improve the accuracy of concentrations of the pollutant and better understand their behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Plocoste
- a EA 4539-LARGE (Laboratoire de Recherche en Géosciences et Énergies), Département de Physique , Université des Antilles , Pointe-à-Pitre , Guadeloupe (F.W.I.)
| | - Jean-François Dorville
- b The Caribbean Geophysical and Numerical Research Group , Baie-Mahault , Guadeloupe (F.W.I.)
| | - Stéphanie Monjoly
- a EA 4539-LARGE (Laboratoire de Recherche en Géosciences et Énergies), Département de Physique , Université des Antilles , Pointe-à-Pitre , Guadeloupe (F.W.I.)
| | - Sandra Jacoby-Koaly
- a EA 4539-LARGE (Laboratoire de Recherche en Géosciences et Énergies), Département de Physique , Université des Antilles , Pointe-à-Pitre , Guadeloupe (F.W.I.)
| | - Maïna André
- a EA 4539-LARGE (Laboratoire de Recherche en Géosciences et Énergies), Département de Physique , Université des Antilles , Pointe-à-Pitre , Guadeloupe (F.W.I.)
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20
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Kuang S, Newchurch MJ, Thompson AM, Stauffer RM, Johnson BJ, Wang L. Ozone Variability and Anomalies Observed during SENEX and SEAC 4RS Campaigns in 2013. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2017; 122:11227-11241. [PMID: 30057866 PMCID: PMC6058320 DOI: 10.1002/2017jd027139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone variability occurs because of multiple forcing factors including surface emission of ozone precursors, stratosphere-to-troposphere transport (STT), and meteorological conditions. Analyses of ozonesonde observations made in Huntsville, AL, during the peak ozone season (May to September) in 2013 indicate that ozone in the planetary boundary layer was significantly lower than the climatological average, especially in July and August when the Southeastern United States (SEUS) experienced unusually cool and wet weather. Because of a large influence of the lower stratosphere, however, upper-tropospheric ozone was mostly higher than climatology, especially from May to July. Tropospheric ozone anomalies were strongly anti-correlated (or correlated) with water vapor (or temperature) anomalies with a correlation coefficient mostly about 0.6 throughout the entire troposphere. The regression slopes between ozone and temperature anomalies for surface up to mid-troposphere are within 3.0-4.1 ppbv·K-1. The occurrence rates of tropospheric ozone laminae due to STT are ≥50% in May and June and about 30% in July, August and September suggesting that the stratospheric influence on free-tropospheric ozone could be significant during early summer. These STT laminae have a mean maximum ozone enhancement over the climatology of 52±33% (35±24 ppbv) with a mean minimum relative humidity of 2.3±1.7%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Kuang
- Earth System Science Center, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35805, USA
| | - Michael J Newchurch
- Atmospheric Science Department, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35805, USA
| | - Anne M Thompson
- Earth Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - Ryan M Stauffer
- Earth Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD 21046, USA
| | - Bryan J Johnson
- Global Monitoring Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Lihua Wang
- Earth System Science Center, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35805, USA
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21
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Sari D, İncecik S, Ozkurt N. Surface ozone levels in the forest and vegetation areas of the Biga Peninsula, Turkey. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 571:1284-1297. [PMID: 27474990 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Spatial and temporal variability of surface ozone in the rural, mountainous and suburban sites of Biga Peninsula, at the northwest of Turkey which is about 300km southwest of Istanbul was investigated using passive samplers and continuous analyzers. A total 10 passive samplers and two continuous analyzers were used between 1.1.2013 and 31.12.2014. OX levels in the study region were examined to understand NOx dependent or independent contribution to ozone. The influences of the meteorological parameters on ozone levels were also examined by wind speed and ambient temperature. The results clearly show that mountainous areas have higher cumulative exposure to ozone than suburban locations. In order to understand the long range transport sources contributing to the high ozone levels in the region backward trajectories were computed using HYSPLIT model and then clustering of trajectories are performed. The results clearly show the characteristics of pollutant transport from north to Biga Peninsula. Additionally, AOT40 (Accumulated hourly O3 concentrations Over a Threshold of 40ppb) cumulative index was calculated using daytime hourly measurements. The results indicate that the ozone values in the study area are much higher than the critical levels for forest and vegetation based on EU Directive 2008/50/EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Sari
- TUBITAK Marmara Research Center, Environment and Cleaner Production Institute, 41470 Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Selahattin İncecik
- Department of the Meteorology, İstanbul Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Nesimi Ozkurt
- TUBITAK Marmara Research Center, Environment and Cleaner Production Institute, 41470 Kocaeli, Turkey
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22
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Zhu Z, Sun X, Zhao F, Meixner FX. Ozone concentrations, flux and potential effect on yield during wheat growth in the Northwest-Shandong Plain of China. J Environ Sci (China) 2015; 34:1-9. [PMID: 26257340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2014.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ozone (O3) concentration and flux (Fo) were measured using the eddy covariance technique over a wheat field in the Northwest-Shandong Plain of China. The O3-induced wheat yield loss was estimated by utilizing O3 exposure-response models. The results showed that: (1) During the growing season (7 March to 7 June, 2012), the minimum (16.1 ppbV) and maximum (53.3 ppbV) mean O3 concentrations occurred at approximately 6:30 and 16:00, respectively. The mean and maximum of all measured O3 concentrations were 31.3 and 128.4 ppbV, respectively. The variation of O3 concentration was mainly affected by solar radiation and temperature. (2) The mean diurnal variation of deposition velocity (Vd) can be divided into four phases, and the maximum occurred at noon (12:00). Averaged Vd during daytime (6:00-18:00) and nighttime (18:00-6:00) were 0.42 and 0.14 cm/sec, respectively. The maximum of measured Vd was about 1.5 cm/sec. The magnitude of Vd was influenced by the wheat growing stage, and its variation was significantly correlated with both global radiation and friction velocity. (3) The maximum mean Fo appeared at 14:00, and the maximum measured Fo was -33.5 nmol/(m(2)·sec). Averaged Fo during daytime and nighttime were -6.9 and -1.5 nmol/(m(2)·sec), respectively. (4) Using O3 exposure-response functions obtained from the USA, Europe, and China, the O3-induced wheat yield reduction in the district was estimated as 12.9% on average (5.5%-23.3%). Large uncertainties were related to the statistical methods and environmental conditions involved in deriving the exposure-response functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Xiaomin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Fenghua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Franz X Meixner
- Biogeochemistry Department, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Linear regression for numeric symbolic variables: a least squares approach based on Wasserstein Distance. ADV DATA ANAL CLASSI 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11634-015-0197-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wang H, Ma J, Shen Y, Wang Y. Assessment of ozone variations and meteorological influences at a rural site in Northern Xinjiang. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2015; 94:240-246. [PMID: 25552324 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-014-1451-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ozone concentrations and meteorological data were continuously monitored online from June to December 2013 at the Akedala regional atmosphere station in an arid region of Central Asia. We present daily, monthly, and seasonal variations of ozone concentrations in the atmosphere and elucidate possible emission sources. The ozone concentrations of this region varied from 14.7 to 58.6 ppb. A remarkable seasonal variation of ozone in aerosols was observed with highest level in summer, followed by autumn and winter. The daily peak value of ozone was observed at 9:00-11:00 a.m. while the lowest was at 17:00-19:00 p.m. The backward trajectories of air masses showed potential emission sources to be from the northwest and south during the measurement period. The backward trajectory also revealed that ozone concentrations during the measurement period were likely attributable to the emission from anthropogenic activities, and medium-range atmospheric transport from cities in central Asia and the northern slope of the Tian Shan Mountains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control of Gansu, College of Earth and Environmental Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China,
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Hamdun AM, Arakaki T. Analysis of Ground Level Ozone and Nitrogen Oxides in the City of Dar es Salaam and the Rural Area of Bagamoyo, Tanzania. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/ojap.2015.44019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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26
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Shen Z, Cao J, Zhang L, Zhao Z, Dong J, Wang L, Wang Q, Li G, Liu S, Zhang Q. Characteristics of surface O₃ over Qinghai Lake area in Northeast Tibetan Plateau, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 500-501:295-301. [PMID: 25226074 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.08.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Surface O3 was monitored continuously during Aug. 12, 2010 to Jul. 21, 2011 at a high elevation site (3,200 m above sea level) in Qinghai Lake area (36°58'37″N, 99°53'56″E) in Northeast Tibetan Plateau, China. Daily average O3 ranged from 21.8 ppbv to 65.3 ppbv with an annual average of 41.0 ppbv. Seasonal average of O3 followed a decreasing order of summer>autumn>spring>winter. Diurnal variations of O3 showed low concentrations during daytime and high concentrations during late night and early morning. An intensive campaign was also conducted during Aug. 13-31, 2010 to investigate correlations between meteorological or chemical conditions and O3. It was found that O3 was poorly correlated with solar radiation due to the insufficient NOx in the ambient air, thus limiting O3 formation under strong solar radiation. In contrast, high O3 levels always coincided with strong winds, suggesting that stratospheric O3 and long range transport might be the main sources of O3 in this rural area. Back-trajectory analysis supported this hypothesis and further indicated the transport of air masses from northwest, northeast and southeast directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing Shen
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Key Lab of Aerosol, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China.
| | - Junji Cao
- Key Lab of Aerosol, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Leiming Zhang
- Air Quality Research Division, Environment Canada, Toronto, Canada
| | - Zhuzi Zhao
- Key Lab of Aerosol, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Jungang Dong
- School of Architecture, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Linqing Wang
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiyuan Wang
- Key Lab of Aerosol, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Guohui Li
- Key Lab of Aerosol, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Suixin Liu
- Key Lab of Aerosol, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Kovač-Andrić E, Gvozdić V, Herjavić G, Muharemović H. Assessment of ozone variations and meteorological influences in a tourist and health resort area on the island of Mali Lošinj (Croatia). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:5106-5113. [PMID: 23338994 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1484-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate ozone, variations, and its correlation with meteorological parameters at a remote location on the Mali Lošinj Island, which has been a tourist and health resort area in the northern Adriatic. The measured data are discussed in relation to the EU guidelines (Directive 2002/3/EC; Directive 2008/50/EC). In order to characterize ambient air with respect to ozone vegetation injury and photochemical pollution, we calculated accumulated dose over a threshold of 40 parts per billion index and two photochemical pollution indicators. The influence of local meteorological parameters on the measured ozone volume fractions was also investigated. We used the multivariate technique principal component analysis to trace correlations between measured ozone concentration and meteorological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Kovač-Andrić
- Department of Chemistry, University of J. J. Strossmayer, Franje Kuhača 20, 31000, Osijek, Croatia.
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Im U, Incecik S, Guler M, Tek A, Topcu S, Unal YS, Yenigun O, Kindap T, Odman MT, Tayanc M. Analysis of surface ozone and nitrogen oxides at urban, semi-rural and rural sites in Istanbul, Turkey. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 443:920-931. [PMID: 23247294 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Ozone (O(3)) mixing ratios were measured at three different sites (urban/traffic, semi-rural and rural/island) in Istanbul from September 2007 to December 2009 in order to determine the diurnal, monthly and seasonal variations of O(3) and nitrogen oxides (NO(x)) and to study the local and regional impacts. This is the first study that evaluates the O(3) levels in semi-rural and rural sites in Istanbul in addition to the urban sites. The diurnal O(3) variations are generally characterized by afternoon maxima (64 ppb at the urban, 80 ppb at the semi-rural and 100 ppb at the rural site) and the nighttime minimum being more pronounced at the polluted urban site. The monthly mean O(3) mixing ratios start to increase in March, reaching their maximum values in August for the urban (~25 ppb) and semi-rural sites (30 ppb). However, at the rural site, the monthly mean O(3) levels reach their maximum value in June (35 ppb). The O(3) mixing ratios for weekends were higher than those on weekdays at each site by up to 28%, possibly due to changes in VOC sensitivity and reduction in NO(x) levels. In order to better understand and characterize the relationship between air masses and O(3) levels, cluster analysis was applied to the back-trajectories calculated by the HYSPLIT model for the semi-rural site. The analyses clearly showed that major transport is characterized by northern and western clusters, particularly from the Eastern Europe and the Mediterranean region, as well as recirculation over Istanbul due to high pressure systems leading to accumulated levels of O(3). The results clearly suggest that extended measurement networks from urban to rural sites should be considered for a more comprehensive evaluation of O(3) levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulas Im
- Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, 71003, Heraklion, Greece.
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Saavedra S, Rodríguez A, Taboada JJ, Souto JA, Casares JJ. Synoptic patterns and air mass transport during ozone episodes in northwestern Iberia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 441:97-110. [PMID: 23137974 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
High levels of ozone are frequently measured at the Galicia (NW Iberian Peninsula) air quality monitoring stations from March to October. However, there have been very few studies on surface ozone in the northwestern Iberian Peninsula, most likely because the climate of this region is not favourable to photochemical ozone generation. The occurrence of these episodes may be related to either local-scale photochemical pollution or regional-scale transport from other polluted regions. In addition, high ozone episodes usually are developed under specific synoptic conditions. The main purposes of this study are to characterise the atmospheric conditions that lead to the ozone episodes in this region and to identify possible advection paths of ozone and precursors. A surface hourly ozone dataset (2002-2007) measured at rural sites in Galicia was analysed to identify high ozone episodes together with their associated synoptic patterns using a subjective classification with 23 different synoptic types. The synoptic weather patterns revealed that most of the episodes occur with high surface pressures centred over the British Isles and/or Central Europe while a high-altitude anticyclonic ridge crosses the Peninsula from North Africa, causing easterly or southeasterly winds. This analysis was completed with 3-day backward air mass trajectories obtained with HYSPLIT to assess the contribution of long-range transport, resulting in the following main routes: Mediterranean-Peninsular, South Atlantic-Portuguese, local and French-Cantabric.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Saavedra
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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30
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Buonanno G, Bernabei M, Avino P, Stabile L. Occupational exposure to airborne particles and other pollutants in an aviation base. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2012; 170:78-87. [PMID: 22771354 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Revised: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The occupational exposure to airborne particles and other pollutants in a high performance jet engine airport was investigated. Three spatial scales were considered: i) a downwind receptor site, ii) close to the airstrip, iii) personal monitoring. Particle number, surface area, mass concentrations and distributions were measured as well as inorganic and organic fractions, ionic fractions and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Particle number distribution measured at a receptor site presents a mode of 80 nm and an average total concentration of 6.5 × 10(3) part. cm(-3); the chemical analysis shows that all the elements may be attributed to long-range transport from the sea. Particle number concentrations in the proximity of the airstrip show short term peaks during the working day mainly related to takeoff, landing and pre-flight operations of jet engines. Personal exposure of workers highlights a median number concentration of 2.5 × 10(4) part. cm(-3) and 1.7 × 10(4) part. cm(-3) for crew chief and hangar operator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Buonanno
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, Italy.
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31
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Castell-Balaguer N, Téllez L, Mantilla E. Daily, seasonal and monthly variations in ozone levels recorded at the Turia river basin in Valencia (Eastern Spain). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 19:3461-3480. [PMID: 22477164 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-0881-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Turia river basin, located in the east of the Iberian Peninsula, drains into the Mediterranean Sea near the city of Valencia (population, 814,208). The predominance of sea-breeze fluxes favours the inland transport of pollutants from the city up the basin where ozone concentrations exceeding the threshold for protection of human health are systematically recorded during the summer months. METHODS This work analyses the variability in ozone levels by examining their spatial and temporal distribution in a Mediterranean river basin downwind from a city within the period 2005-2008. Orographic determinants and atmospheric fluxes induce strong variations in ozone measurements, even on relatively close locations. CONCLUSIONS Results show a different behaviour of the monthly means and the daily cycles depending on the season of the year and the measuring environment, with summer/winter ratios ranging from 2.4 in cities to 1.6 inland, and mean values always higher in the interior of the basin. Daily cycles show significant summer/winter differences related to the predominant situations of anticyclonic stability in winter, which limit ventilation, and the predominant breeze circulations in summer. Results also show a "weekend effect" at urban and medium-distance stations. At the most inland station, the weekend/weekday behaviour differs according to the season of the year; weekend ozone levels are higher in spring, autumn and winter, and lower in summer, coinciding with the predominance of local wind cycles that favour air mass penetration inland from the coast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Castell-Balaguer
- Mediterranean Centre for Environmental Studies Foundation (CEAM), Parque Tecnológico, Charles R. Darwin, 14, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
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Tzortziou M, Herman JR, Cede A, Abuhassan N. High precision, absolute total column ozone measurements from the Pandora spectrometer system: Comparisons with data from a Brewer double monochromator and Aura OMI. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2012jd017814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Adame JA, Notario A, Villanueva F, Albaladejo J. Application of cluster analysis to surface ozone, NO₂ and SO₂ daily patterns in an industrial area in Central-Southern Spain measured with a DOAS system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 429:281-291. [PMID: 22591990 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2011] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The daily variations of surface ozone, NO₂ and SO₂ have been investigated in a heavily industrialised area in the centre of the Iberian Peninsula (Puertollano) using hourly values recorded during two years (2008-2009) with an active LP-DOAS system. The meteorological conditions and air masses have been studied using the HYSPLIT model. The maximum hourly levels of these air pollutants exceeded 100 ppb for ozone, 150 ppb for SO₂ and 210 ppb for NO₂. However, mean values for ozone, NO₂ and SO₂ were of 49, 10 and 3 ppb respectively. Daily-monthly evolutions (defined as daily evolutions for different months) have been analysed in order to know the general daily behaviour of these species. Air pollution problems have been identified using the thresholds defined in the European Directive 2008. The limits to protect human health (human health protection limitations) have been exceeded during the study period. In order to find a set of representative daily cycles for each pollutant at different air quality regimes, a K-mean cluster technique has been applied. Five and four optimal cluster numbers have been obtained for the daily patterns of ozone and SO₂ respectively. In addition, we studied the daily variation of the temperature, relative and specific humidity and wind speed associated with each air pollutant daily pattern. Ozone daily patterns showed typical daily variations with one exception of a cluster which presents a peak in the early morning. For SO₂, the first two clusters present a low mixing ratio, however cluster 3 and 4 are less frequent but with higher levels. The more frequent air pollutant daily patterns do not exceed the threshold defined in the Directive. Nevertheless, clusters with lower frequency (representing between 5 and 7% of days) exceed the thresholds and could be considered as air pollution events.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Adame
- Atmospheric Sounding Station-El Arenosillo, Atmospheric Research and Instrumentation Branch, National Institute for Aerospace Technology-INTA, Crta. Huelva-Matalascañas, Km. 34, 21130 Mazagón-Huelva, Spain.
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de Andrés JM, Borge R, de la Paz D, Lumbreras J, Rodríguez E. Implementation of a module for risk of ozone impacts assessment to vegetation in the Integrated Assessment Modelling system for the Iberian Peninsula. Evaluation for wheat and Holm oak. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2012; 165:25-37. [PMID: 22398018 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Revised: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A module to estimate risks of ozone damage to vegetation has been implemented in the Integrated Assessment Modelling system for the Iberian Peninsula. It was applied to compute three different indexes for wheat and Holm oak; daylight AOT40 (cumulative ozone concentration over 40 ppb), cumulative ozone exposure index according to the Directive 2008/50/EC (AOT40-D) and POD(Y) (Phytotoxic Ozone Dose over a given threshold of Y nmol m(-2) s(-1)). The use of these indexes led to remarkable differences in spatial patterns of relative ozone risks on vegetation. Ozone critical levels were exceeded in most of the modelling domain and soil moisture content was found to have a significant impact on the results. According to the outputs of the model, daylight AOT40 constitutes a more conservative index than the AOT40-D. Additionally, flux-based estimations indicate high risk areas in Portugal for both wheat and Holm oak that are not identified by AOT-based methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel de Andrés
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), c/ José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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Saavedra S, Rodríguez A, Souto JA, Casares JJ, Bermúdez JL, Soto B. Trends of rural tropospheric ozone at the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:603034. [PMID: 22649298 PMCID: PMC3350947 DOI: 10.1100/2012/603034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone levels around urban and suburban areas at Europe and North America had increased during 80's–90's, until the application of NOx reduction strategies. However, as it was expected, this ozone depletion was not proportional to the emissions reduction. On the other hand, rural ozone levels show different trends, with peaks reduction and average increments; this different evolution could be explained by either emission changes or climate variability in a region. In this work, trends of tropospheric ozone episodes at rural sites in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula were analyzed and compared to others observed in different regions of the Atlantic European coast. Special interest was focused on the air quality sites characterization, in order to guarantee their rural character in terms of air quality. Both episodic local meteorological and air quality measurements along five years were considered, in order to study possible meteorological influences in ozone levels, different to other European Atlantic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Saavedra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Pires JC, Alvim-Ferraz MC, Pereira MC, Martins FG. Comparison of several linear statistical models to predict tropospheric ozone concentrations. J STAT COMPUT SIM 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00949655.2011.623233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Wang X, Shen Z, Cao J, Zhang L, Liu L, Li J, Liu S, Sun Y. Characteristics of surface ozone at an urban site of Xi'an in Northwest China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 14:116-26. [DOI: 10.1039/c1em10541h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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David LM, Nair PR. Diurnal and seasonal variability of surface ozone and NOxat a tropical coastal site: Association with mesoscale and synoptic meteorological conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd015076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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40
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Ooka R, Khiem M, Hayami H, Yoshikado H, Huang H, Kawamoto Y. Influence of meteorological conditions on summer ozone levels in the central Kanto area of Japan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proenv.2011.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Jiménez-Hornero FJ, Jiménez-Hornero JE, Gutiérrez de Ravé E, Pavón-Domínguez P. Exploring the relationship between nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone by applying the joint multifractal analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2010; 167:675-684. [PMID: 19618284 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-009-1083-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2009] [Accepted: 06/30/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
High concentrations of ground-level ozone have a negative impact on human health and the environment, especially in urban places. Detailed knowledge on the effects of nitrogen dioxide on the ozone seasonal pattern is convenient to prevent these undesirable effects. Thus, the joint multifractal approach has been used to complete the information provided by descriptive statistics. The joint multifractal spectra were obtained for 10-min [O3] and [NO2] time series, recorded at Córdoba (southern Spain) in 2007, revealing the presence of two main seasonal patterns: autumn-winter and spring-summer. From the study of the joint multifractal spectra, different variability in the high and low [O3] values was found depending on the concentration of NO2 in each season.
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Jiménez-Hornero FJ, Gutiérrez de Ravé E, Ariza-Villarverde AB, Giráldez JV. Description of the seasonal pattern in ozone concentration time series by using the strange attractor multifractal formalism. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2010; 160:229-236. [PMID: 19082747 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-008-0690-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2008] [Accepted: 11/20/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Ozone is a secondary pollutant that, at high concentrations in urban environment, affects human health. Thus, suitable knowledge of ozone dynamics is essential for avoiding undesirable effects on the population. Ten-minute ozone concentration time series recorded at Córdoba (southern Spain) in 2007, for January, April, July and October, have been analysed by using the strange attractor multifractal formalism with the aim of describing the seasonal pattern of this pollutant. The multifractal nature of ozone concentration was detected in a study of the mass exponent functions for autumn-winter and spring-summer seasons. Multifractal spectra showed a greater heterogeneity in the low values of the time series. The presence of rare values in ozone data sets was also investigated, showing that the multifractal approach provided considerable detailed information on the time series structure that completes the statistical descriptive analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Jiménez-Hornero
- University of Córdoba, Gregor Mendel Building (3rd floor), Campus Rabanales, 14071, Córdoba, Spain.
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Kovač-Andrić E, Brana J, Gvozdić V. Impact of meteorological factors on ozone concentrations modelled by time series analysis and multivariate statistical methods. ECOL INFORM 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2009.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Khoder MI. Diurnal, seasonal and weekdays-weekends variations of ground level ozone concentrations in an urban area in greater Cairo. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2009; 149:349-362. [PMID: 18274871 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-008-0208-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2007] [Accepted: 01/23/2008] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Ground level ozone (O3) concentration was monitored during the period of December 2004 to November 2005 in an urban area in Greater Cairo (Haram, Giza). During the winter and summer seasons, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and nitric oxide(NO) concentrations and meteorological parameters were also measured. The mean values of O3 were 43.89, 65.30, 91.30 and 58.10 ppb in daytime and 29.69, 47.80, 64.00 and 42.70 ppb in whole day (daily) during the winter, spring, summer and autumn seasons, respectively. The diurnal cycles of O3 concentrations during the four seasons revealed a uni-modal peak in the mid-day time, with highest O3 levels in summer due to the local photochemical production. The diurnal variations in NO and NO2 concentrations during the winter and summer showed two daily peaks linked to traffic density. The highest levels of NOx were found in winter. Nearly, 75%, 100%, 34.78% and 52.63% of the mean daytime concentrations of O3 during spring,summer, autumn and the whole year, respectively, exceeded the Egyptian and European Union air quality standards (60 ppb) for daytime (8-h) O3 concentration. About, 41.14% and 10.39% of the daytime hours concentrations and 14.93% and 3.77% of the daily hour concentrations in summer and the whole year, respectively, exceeded the Egyptian standard (100 ppb) for maximum hourly O3 concentration, and photochemical smog is formed in the study area (Haram) during a periods represented by the same percentages. This was based on the fact that photochemical smog usually occurs when O3 concentration exceeds 100 ppb. The concentrations of O3 precursors (NO and NO2) in weekends were lower than those found in weekdays, whereas the O3 levels during the weekends were high compared with weekdays. This finding phenomenon is known as the "weekend effect". Significant positive correlation coefficients were found between O3 and temperature in both seasons and between O3 and relative humidity in summer season, indicating that high temperature and high relative humidity besides the intense solar radiation (in summer) are responsible for the formation of high O3 concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Khoder
- Department of Air Pollution Research, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
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45
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Monitoring of NO2 in the ambient air with passive samplers before and after a road reconstruction event. Microchem J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2008.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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46
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Jiménez-Guerrero P, Jorba O, Baldasano JM, Gassó S. The use of a modelling system as a tool for air quality management: annual high-resolution simulations and evaluation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2008; 390:323-340. [PMID: 18045658 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2007] [Revised: 10/10/2007] [Accepted: 10/10/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The high levels of air pollutants over the North-Western Mediterranean (NWM) exceed the thresholds set in current air quality regulations. They demand a detailed diagnosis of those areas where the exceedances of thresholds related to human health are found. In this sense, there is a need for modelling studies for the specific area of the NWM that take into account the annual cycle to address the diagnosis of air pollution. A new approach to the modelling of air quality in the NWM has been adopted by combining the WRF-EMICAT-CMAQ-DREAM modelling system to diagnose the current status of the levels of photochemical air pollution (focusing on ozone, O(3); nitrogen dioxide, NO(2); carbon monoxide, CO; and particulate matter, PM10) in the area during an annual cycle (year 2004). The complexity of the area of study requires the application of high spatial and temporal resolution (2 km and 1 h). The annual simulations need to cover the complex different meteorological situations and types of episodes of air pollution in the area of study. The outputs of the modelling system are evaluated against observations from 52 meteorological and 59 air quality stations belonging to the Environmental Department of the Catalonia Government (Spain), which involve a dense and accurate spatial distribution of stations in the territory (32,215 km(2)). The results indicate a good behaviour of the model in both coastal and inland areas of the NWM, with a slight trend to the overestimation of tropospheric O(3) concentrations and the underestimation of other photochemical pollutants (NO(2), CO and PM10). The modelling diagnosis indicates that the main air quality-related problems in the NWM are the exceedances of the 1-hr O(3) information threshold set in the Directive 2002/3/EC (180 microg m(-3)) as a consequence of the transport of O(3) precursors downwind the Barcelona Greater Area (BGA); and the exceedances of the annual value for the protection of human health for NO(2) and PM10 (40 microg m(-3), Directive 1999/30/EC), both in the BGA, as a consequence of the high traffic-related emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Jiménez-Guerrero
- Earth Sciences Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center-Centro Nacional de Supercomputación (BSC-CNS). Jordi Girona 29, Edificio Nexus II, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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Salve PR, Satapathy DR, Katpatal YB, Wate SR. Assessing spatial occurrence of ground level ozone around coal mining areas of Chandrapur District, Maharashtra, India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2007; 133:87-98. [PMID: 17286178 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-006-9562-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2006] [Accepted: 10/24/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Stratospheric input and photochemical ozone formation in the troposphere are the two main sources determining the ozone levels in the surface layer of the atmosphere. Because of the importance of ozone in controlling the atmospheric chemistry and its decisive role in the heat balance of atmosphere, leading to climate change, the examination of its formation and destruction are of great interest. This study characterized the distribution of Ground level Ozone (GLO) in Chandrapur district is lying between 19 degrees 25'N to 20 degrees 45'N and 78 degrees 50'E to 80 degrees 10'E. Continuous ozone analyzer was used to quantify GLO at thirteen locations fixed by Global Positioning System (GPS) during the winter of 2005-2006. The daily GLO at all the locations ranged between 6.4 and 24.8 ppbv with an average and standard deviation of 14.9 +/- 6.5 ppbv. The maximum and minimum concentration occurs during 1300-1600 h and 0300-0500 h may be due to high solar radiation facilitating photochemical production of O(3) and downward mixing from the overlying air mass and in situ destruction of ozone by deposition and/or the reaction between O(3) and NO. GIS based spatial distribution of GLO in Chandrapur district is indicates that the central core of the district and southern sites experienced elevated levels of GLO relative to the northern and western areas. The sites near by Chandrapur city are particularly affected by elevated GLO. The average variation of GLO with temperature shows a significant correlation of r = 0.55 indicating a direct relationship between GLO and temperature. Similarly an attempt has been made to compare the GLO monitored data in Chandrapur district with the reported values for other locations in Indian cities. This generated database helps regulatory agencies to identify locations where the natural resources and human health could be at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep R Salve
- Environmental Impact and Risk Assessment Division, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440020 (M.S), India.
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González Gallero FJ, Galán Vallejo M, Umbría A, Gervilla Baena J. Multivariate statistical analysis of meteorological and air pollution data in the 'Campo de Gibraltar' region, Spain. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2006; 119:405-23. [PMID: 16741817 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-005-9033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2005] [Accepted: 08/23/2005] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A complete statistical analysis of meteorological and air pollution data was carried out in the 'Campo de Gibraltar' region (in the South of Spain) from 1999 to 2002. This is a heavy industrialized area where, up to date, very few air pollution studies have been made. The main objectives of the study presented here have been the characterization of the meteorological and (gaseous and particulate) air pollution conditions in the area, and the relations between them. Multivariate statistical techniques, such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA), have been applied to the data. The results show that air quality in the area is highly dependent on meteorological conditions such as wind persistence and direction, dispersion capability of the atmosphere, and humidity content. On average, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide air pollution, mainly caused by fuel-oil combustion and traffic, respectively, is not very high. However, an important number of exceedences of the limits established by the EU Directive 1999 for PM10 (particulate matter with a diameter less than 10 microm) have been observed in some points of the area. A significant percentage of these exceedences (about 22% on average) are likely caused by African dust intrusions, which usually take place from May to August. From gaseous and particulate air correlations, it seems that anthropogenic activities contribute with about 19% on average.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier González Gallero
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Algeciras, Universidad de Cádiz, Avenida Ramón Puyol s/n., 11202, Algeciras, Spain.
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Alvim-Ferraz MCM, Sousa SIV, Pereira MC, Martins FG. Contribution of anthropogenic pollutants to the increase of tropospheric ozone levels in the Oporto Metropolitan Area, Portugal since the 19th century. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2006; 140:516-24. [PMID: 16171911 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2005.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2005] [Accepted: 07/02/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the contribution of anthropogenic pollutants to the increase of tropospheric ozone levels in the Oporto Metropolitan Area (Portugal) since the 19th century. The study was based on pre-industrial and recent data series, the results being analyzed according to the atmospheric chemistry. The treatment of ozone and meteorological data was performed by classical statistics and by time-series analysis. It was concluded that in the 19th century the ozone present in the troposphere was not of photochemical origin, being possible to consider the respective concentrations as reference values. For recent data a cycle of 8h for ozone concentrations could be related to traffic. Compared to the 19th century, the current concentrations were 147% higher (252% higher in May) due to the increased photochemical production associated with the increased anthropogenic emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C M Alvim-Ferraz
- LEPAE, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Oporto, Portugal.
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Jiménez P, Lelieveld J, Baldasano JM. Multiscale modeling of air pollutants dynamics in the northwestern Mediterranean basin during a typical summertime episode. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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