1
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Kumar D, Sachdeva K, Tanwar R, Devi S. Review on novel targeted enzyme drug delivery systems: enzymosomes. SOFT MATTER 2024. [PMID: 38738579 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00301b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
The goal of this review is to present enzymosomes as an innovative means for site-specific drug delivery. Enzymosomes make use of an enzyme's special characteristics, such as its capacity to accelerate the reaction rate and bind to a particular substrate at a regulated rate. Enzymosomes are created when an enzyme forms a covalent linkage with a liposome or lipid vesicle surface. To construct enzymosomes with specialized activities, enzymes are linked using acylation, direct conjugation, physical adsorption, and encapsulation techniques. By reducing the negative side effects of earlier treatment techniques and exhibiting efficient medication release, these cutting-edge drug delivery systems improve long-term sickness treatments. They could be a good substitute for antiplatelet medication, gout treatment, and other traditional medicines. Recently developed supramolecular vesicular delivery systems called enzymosomes have the potential to improve drug targeting, physicochemical characteristics, and ultimately bioavailability in the pharmaceutical industry. Enzymosomes have advantages over narrow-therapeutic index pharmaceuticals as focusing on their site of action enhances both their pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles. Additionally, it reduces changes in normal enzymatic activity, which enhances the half-life of an enzyme and accomplishes enzyme activity on specific locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Om Sterling Global University, Hisar, 125001, Haryana, India.
| | - Komal Sachdeva
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Om Sterling Global University, Hisar, 125001, Haryana, India.
| | - Rajni Tanwar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Starex University, Gurugram, India
| | - Sunita Devi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Om Sterling Global University, Hisar, 125001, Haryana, India.
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2
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Sarkar S, Deyoung T, Ressler H, Chandler W. Brain Tumors: Development, Drug Resistance, and Sensitization - An Epigenetic Approach. Epigenetics 2023; 18:2237761. [PMID: 37499114 PMCID: PMC10376921 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2023.2237761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this article, we describe contrasting developmental aspects of paediatric and adult brain tumours. We hypothesize that the formation of cancer progenitor cells, for both paediatric and adult, could be due to epigenetic events. However, the progression of adult brain tumours selectively involves more mutations compared to paediatric tumours. We further discuss epigenetic switches, comprising both histone modifications and DNA methylation, and how they can differentially regulate transcription and expression of oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes. Next, we summarize the currently available therapies for both types of brain tumours, explaining the merits and failures leading to drug resistance. We analyse different mechanisms of drug resistance and the role of epigenetics in this process. We then provide a rationale for combination therapy, which includes epigenetic drugs. In the end, we postulate a concept which describes how a combination therapy could be initiated. The timing, doses, and order of individual drug regimens will depend on the individual case. This type of combination therapy will be part of a personalized medicine which will differ from patient to patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibaji Sarkar
- Division of Biotechnology, Quincy College, Quincy, MA, USA
- Division of Biology, STEM, MBC College, Wellesley, MA, USA
- Division of Biology, STEM, RC College Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tara Deyoung
- Division of Biotechnology, Quincy College, Quincy, MA, USA
| | - Hope Ressler
- Division of Biology, STEM, MBC College, Wellesley, MA, USA
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3
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Tian X, Fan T, Zhao W, Abbas G, Han B, Zhang K, Li N, Liu N, Liang W, Huang H, Chen W, Wang B, Xie Z. Recent advances in the development of nanomedicines for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:2854-2869. [PMID: 33718667 PMCID: PMC7905263 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is still a serious threat to human life and health, but there are few therapeutic options available to treat stroke because of limited blood-brain penetration. The development of nanotechnology may overcome some of the problems related to traditional drug development. In this review, we focus on the potential applications of nanotechnology in stroke. First, we will discuss the main molecular pathological mechanisms of ischemic stroke to develop a targeted strategy. Second, considering the important role of the blood-brain barrier in stroke treatment, we also delve mechanisms by which the blood-brain barrier protects the brain, and the reasons why the therapeutics must pass through the blood-brain barrier to achieve efficacy. Lastly, we provide a comprehensive review related to the application of nanomaterials to treat stroke, including liposomes, polymers, metal nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, graphene, black phosphorus, hydrogels and dendrimers. To conclude, we will summarize the challenges and future prospects of nanomedicine-based stroke treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Taojian Fan
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Photonic Information Technology, Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Wentian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Ghulam Abbas
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Photonic Information Technology, Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Bo Han
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Nan Li
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Photonic Information Technology, Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Ning Liu
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Photonic Information Technology, Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Weiyuan Liang
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Photonic Information Technology, Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Hao Huang
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Photonic Information Technology, Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Wen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Photonic Information Technology, Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Zhongjian Xie
- Shenzhen International Institute for Biomedical Research, 518116, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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4
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Chávez-García D, Juarez-Moreno K, Calderón-Osuna I, Navarro P, Hirata GA. Nanotoxicological study of downconversion Y 2 O 3 :Eu 3+ luminescent nanoparticles functionalized with folic acid for cancer cells bioimaging. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 108:2396-2406. [PMID: 32017405 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Luminescent lanthanide downconversion nanoparticles (DCNPs) provide a combination of high luminescence intensity, sharp emission peaks with narrow bandwidth and a large Stokes' shift, leading to high-performance biomedical applications mainly for imaging. The purpose of this study is to present a nanotoxicological study of DCNPs Y2 O3 codoped with Eu3+ and functionalized with folic acid (FA). These assessments include cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, hemocompatibility, and in vitro inflammatory studies. We demonstrated by flow cytometry and confocal microscope the internalization of FA-DCNPs in breast cancer and melanoma cells. They were synthesized by sol-gel method and coated with a thin silica shell to make them biocompatible; also they were functionalized with amino groups and FA ligands that bind to the folate receptors (FR) located on the surface of the cancer cells studied. This functionalization enables the DCNPs to be internalized into the cancer cells via endocytosis by the conjugation FA-FR. The DCNPs were characterized with transmission electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and photoluminescence. The nanotoxicological assessments demonstrated that both nanoparticles (bare and functionalized) are no cytotoxic and no genotoxic at the tested concentrations (0.01-20 μg/mL) in three cell lines (breast, skin cancer, and osteoblasts). Also they are hemocompatible and do not exert nitric oxide production in vitro by macrophages. The FA-DCNPs were clearly localized into the cell cytoplasm with bright red luminescence. Thus, herein we present a complete nanotoxicological study of FA-DCNPs Y2 O3 codoped with Eu3+ and we conclude that these nanoparticles are biocompatible and can be further used for cancer cells bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Chávez-García
- School of Engineering, Centro de Enseñanza Técnica y Superior (CETYS), Ensenada, Mexico
| | - Karla Juarez-Moreno
- Bionanotechnology Department, Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CNyN-UNAM, Ensenada, Mexico.,Cátedras, CONACYT-CNyN-UNAM, Ensenada, Mexico
| | - Itamar Calderón-Osuna
- School of Engineering, Centro de Enseñanza Técnica y Superior (CETYS), Ensenada, Mexico
| | - Patricia Navarro
- School of Engineering, Centro de Enseñanza Técnica y Superior (CETYS), Ensenada, Mexico
| | - Gustavo A Hirata
- Physicochemistry Department, Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CNyN-UNAM Ensenada, Mexico
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5
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Qin M, Wang L, Wu D, Williams CK, Xu D, Kranz E, Guo Q, Guan J, Vinters HV, Lee Y, Xie Y, Luo Y, Sun G, Sun X, He Z, Lu Y, Kamata M, Wen J, Chen ISY. Enhanced Delivery of Rituximab Into Brain and Lymph Nodes Using Timed-Release Nanocapsules in Non-Human Primates. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3132. [PMID: 32047498 PMCID: PMC6996053 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastasis into the central nervous system (CNS) and lymph nodes (LNs) is a major obstacle for effective therapies. Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAb) have revolutionized tumor treatment; however, their efficacy for treating metastatic tumors-particularly, CNS and LN metastases-is poor due to inefficient penetration into the CNS and LNs following intravenous injection. We recently reported an effective delivery of mAb to the CNS by encapsulating the anti-CD20 mAb rituximab (RTX) within a thin shell of polymer that contains the analogs of choline and acetylcholine receptors. This encapsulated RTX, denoted as n-RTX, eliminated lymphoma cells systemically in a xenografted humanized mouse model using an immunodeficient mouse as a recipient of human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and fetal thymus more effectively than native RTX; importantly, n-RTX showed notable anti-tumor effect on CNS metastases which is unable to show by native RTX. As an important step toward future clinical translation of this technology, we further analyzed the properties of n-RTX in immunocompetent animals, rats, and non-human primates (NHPs). Our results show that a single intravenous injection of n-RTX resulted in 10-fold greater levels in the CNS and 2-3-fold greater levels in the LNs of RTX, respectively, than the injection of native RTX in both rats and NHPs. In addition, we demonstrate the enhanced delivery and efficient B-cell depletion in lymphoid organs of NHPs with n-RTX. Moreover, detailed hematological analysis and liver enzyme activity tests indicate n-RTX treatment is safe in NHPs. As this nanocapsule platform can be universally applied to other therapeutic mAbs, it holds great promise for extending mAb therapy to poorly accessible body compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Qin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Christopher K Williams
- Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Neuropathology) and Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Duo Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Emiko Kranz
- UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Qi Guo
- UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,School of Nursing, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jiaoqiong Guan
- Institute of Medical Biology, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Harry V Vinters
- Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Neuropathology) and Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - YooJin Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yiming Xie
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yun Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guibo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanlong He
- Institute of Medical Biology, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yunfeng Lu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Masakazu Kamata
- UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jing Wen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Irvin S Y Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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6
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Niu X, Chen J, Gao J. Nanocarriers as a powerful vehicle to overcome blood-brain barrier in treating neurodegenerative diseases: Focus on recent advances. Asian J Pharm Sci 2018; 14:480-496. [PMID: 32104476 PMCID: PMC7032222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis throw a heavy burden on families and society. Related scientific researches make tardy progress. One reason is that the known pathogeny is just the tip of the iceberg. Another reason is that various physiological barriers, especially blood-brain barrier (BBB), hamper effective therapeutic substances from reaching site of action. Drugs in clinical treatment of neurodegenerative diseases are basically administered orally. And generally speaking, the brain targeting efficiency is pretty low. Nano-delivery technology brings hope for neurodegenerative diseases. The use of nanocarriers encapsulating molecules such as peptides and genomic medicine may enhance drug transport through the BBB in neurodegenerative disease and target relevant regions in the brain for regenerative processes. In this review, we discuss BBB composition and applications of nanocarriers -liposomes, nanoparticles, nanomicelles and new emerging exosomes in neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, the disadvantages and the potential neurotoxicity of nanocarriers according pharmacokinetics theory are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Niu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiejian Chen
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, the Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianqing Gao
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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7
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Nejat H, Rabiee M, Varshochian R, Tahriri M, Jazayeri H, Rajadas J, Ye H, Cui Z, Tayebi L. Preparation and characterization of cardamom extract-loaded gelatin nanoparticles as effective targeted drug delivery system to treat glioblastoma. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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The “fate” of polymeric and lipid nanoparticles for brain delivery and targeting: Strategies and mechanism of blood–brain barrier crossing and trafficking into the central nervous system. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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9
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Jampilek J, Zaruba K, Oravec M, Kunes M, Babula P, Ulbrich P, Brezaniova I, Opatrilova R, Triska J, Suchy P. Preparation of silica nanoparticles loaded with nootropics and their in vivo permeation through blood-brain barrier. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:812673. [PMID: 26075264 PMCID: PMC4449887 DOI: 10.1155/2015/812673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier prevents the passage of many drugs that target the central nervous system. This paper presents the preparation and characterization of silica-based nanocarriers loaded with piracetam, pentoxifylline, and pyridoxine (drugs from the class of nootropics), which are designed to enhance the permeation of the drugs from the circulatory system through the blood-brain barrier. Their permeation was compared with non-nanoparticle drug substances (bulk materials) by means of an in vivo model of rat brain perfusion. The size and morphology of the nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy. The content of the drug substances in silica-based nanocarriers was analysed by elemental analysis and UV spectrometry. Microscopic analysis of visualized silica nanocarriers in the perfused brain tissue was performed. The concentration of the drug substances in the tissue was determined by means of UHPLC-DAD/HRMS LTQ Orbitrap XL. It was found that the drug substances in silica-based nanocarriers permeated through the blood brain barrier to the brain tissue, whereas bulk materials were not detected in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Jampilek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1/3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Zaruba
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Oravec
- Global Change Research Centre AS CR, Belidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kunes
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1/3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Babula
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1/3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Ulbrich
- Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ingrid Brezaniova
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Opatrilova
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1/3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Triska
- Global Change Research Centre AS CR, Belidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Suchy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1/3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
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Abstract
This review summarizes patent applications in the past 5 years for the management of brain tumors and metastases. Most of the recent patents discuss one of the following strategies: the development of new drug entities that specifically target the brain cells, the blood-brain barrier and the tumor cells, tailor-designing a novel carrier system that is able to perform multitasks and multifunction as a drug carrier, targeting vehicle and even as a diagnostic tool, direct conjugation of a US FDA approved drug with a targeting moiety, diagnostic moiety or PK modifying moiety, or the use of innovative nontraditional approaches such as genetic engineering, stem cells and vaccinations. Until now, there has been no optimal strategy to deliver therapeutic agents to the CNS for the treatment of brain tumors and metastases. Intensive research efforts are actively ongoing to take brain tumor targeting, and novel and targeted CNS delivery systems to potential clinical application.
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11
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De Luca MA, Lai F, Corrias F, Caboni P, Bimpisidis Z, Maccioni E, Fadda AM, Di Chiara G. Lactoferrin- and antitransferrin-modified liposomes for brain targeting of the NK3 receptor agonist senktide: preparation and in vivo evaluation. Int J Pharm 2015; 479:129-37. [PMID: 25560308 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the capability of lactoferrin- and antitransferrin-modified long circulating liposomes to deliver the hydrophilic peptide senktide, a selective NK3 receptor agonist unable to cross the blood brain barrier, to central nervous system by using an indirect method based on in vivo microdialysis studies to estimate the responsiveness of nucleus accumbens shell dopamine to senktide. To this purpose, senktide was encapsulated in different targeted and not-targeted stealth liposomes prepared using film hydration method. Formulations were characterized in terms of morphology, size distribution, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, and antibody presence on the liposome surface. In vivo microdialysis studies were performed injecting intravenously the senktide-loaded liposomes and comparing obtained dopamine levels with those found with the free senktide given intracerebroventricularly. Results showed that all vesicles were spherical, small in size (around 120 nm), homogeneously dispersed, and slightly negatively charged. TEM analysis, using an anti IgG secondary antibody with 10nm gold nanoparticles at its distal end, demonstrated the successful linkage of the antibody on the liposomal surface. Intravenously administered in rats, senktide-loaded targeted stealth liposomes elicited a significant increase of dialysate dopamine in the nucleus accumbens shell, which was comparable to that of the free senktide given intracerebroventricularly when antitransferrin-targeted liposomes were tested. On the contrary, control stealth liposomes did not affect dopamine levels. Senktide brain levels were higher using the antitransferrin-targeted liposomes in comparison with the lactoferrin ones, while the opposite was obtained in the liver tissue where the highest senktide accumulation was always found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antonietta De Luca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy; INN, National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesco Lai
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy; CNBS, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesco Corrias
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Caboni
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Zisis Bimpisidis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Elias Maccioni
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Fadda
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy; CNBS, University of Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Gaetano Di Chiara
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy; INN, National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Cagliari, Italy; Institute of Neuroscience, CNR, Cagliari Section, Italy
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12
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Mourtas S, Lazar AN, Markoutsa E, Duyckaerts C, Antimisiaris SG. Multifunctional nanoliposomes with curcumin-lipid derivative and brain targeting functionality with potential applications for Alzheimer disease. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 80:175-83. [PMID: 24780594 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
With the objective to formulate multifunctional nanosized liposomes to target amyloid deposits in Alzheimer Disease (AD) brains, a lipid-PEG-curcumin derivative was synthesized and characterized. Multifunctional liposomes incorporating the curcumin derivative and additionally decorated with a Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) transport mediator (anti-Transferin antibody) were prepared and characterized. The fluorescence intensity of curcumin derivative was found to increase notably when the curcumin moiety was in the form of a diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) salt. Both curcumin-derivative liposomes and curcumin-derivative Anti-TrF liposomes showed a high affinity for the amyloid deposits, on post-mortem brains samples of AD patients. The ability of both liposomes to delay Aβ1-42 peptide aggregation was confirmed by Thioflavin assay. However, the decoration of the curcumin-derivative liposomes with the Anti-TrF improved significantly the intake by the BBB cellular model. Results verify that the attachment of an antibody on the curcumin-liposome surface does not block deposit staining or prevention of Aβ aggregation, while the presence of the curcumin-PEG-lipid conjugate does not reduce their brain-targeting capability substantially, proving the potential of such multifunctional NLs for application in Alzheimer disease treatment and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon Mourtas
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Dept. of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Rio 26510, Greece
| | - Adina N Lazar
- Laboratoire de Neuropathologie Escourolle, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, AP-HP, 47 Bd de l'hôpital 75013 Paris, France; Centre de recherche de l'ICM, (UPMC, INSERM UMR S 975, CNRS UMR 7225), 47 Bd de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Eleni Markoutsa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Dept. of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Rio 26510, Greece
| | - Charles Duyckaerts
- Laboratoire de Neuropathologie Escourolle, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, AP-HP, 47 Bd de l'hôpital 75013 Paris, France; Centre de recherche de l'ICM, (UPMC, INSERM UMR S 975, CNRS UMR 7225), 47 Bd de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Sophia G Antimisiaris
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Dept. of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Rio 26510, Greece; Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, FORTH/ICES, Rio, 26504 Patras, Greece.
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Curcumin-conjugated nanoliposomes with high affinity for Aβ deposits: Possible applications to Alzheimer disease. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2013; 9:712-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 11/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Passeleu-Le Bourdonnec C, Carrupt PA, Scherrmann JM, Martel S. Methodologies to assess drug permeation through the blood-brain barrier for pharmaceutical research. Pharm Res 2013; 30:2729-56. [PMID: 23801086 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-013-1119-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The drug discovery process for drugs that target the central nervous system suffers from a very high rate of failure due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier, which limits the entry of xenobiotics into the brain. To minimise drug failure at different stages of the drug development process, new methodologies have been developed to understand the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) profile of drug candidates at early stages of drug development. Additionally, understanding the permeation of drug candidates is also important, particularly for drugs that target the central nervous system. During the first stages of the drug discovery process, in vitro methods that allow for the determination of permeability using high-throughput screening methods are advantageous. For example, performing the parallel artificial membrane permeability assay followed by cell-based models with interesting hits is a useful technique for identifying potential drugs. In silico models also provide interesting information but must be confirmed by in vitro models. Finally, in vivo models, such as in situ brain perfusion, should be studied to reduce a large number of drug candidates to a few lead compounds. This article reviews the different methodologies used in the drug discovery and drug development processes to determine the permeation of drug candidates through the blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Passeleu-Le Bourdonnec
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva University of Lausanne, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
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Tosi G, Ruozi B, Belletti D. Nanomedicine: the future for advancing medicine and neuroscience. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2013; 7:1113-6. [PMID: 22931443 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.12.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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16
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Edupuganti OP, Ovsepian SV, Wang J, Zurawski TH, Schmidt JJ, Smith L, Lawrence GW, Dolly JO. Targeted delivery into motor nerve terminals of inhibitors for SNARE-cleaving proteases via liposomes coupled to an atoxic botulinum neurotoxin. FEBS J 2012; 279:2555-67. [PMID: 22607388 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2012.08638.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A targeted drug carrier (TDC) is described for transferring functional proteins or peptides into motor nerve terminals, a pivotal locus for therapeutics to treat neuromuscular disorders. It exploits the pronounced selectivity of botulinum neurotoxin type B (BoNT/B) for interacting with acceptors on these cholinergic nerve endings and becoming internalized. The gene encoding an innocuous BoNT/B protease-inactive mutant (BoTIM) was fused to that for core streptavidin, expressed in Escherichia coli and the purified protein was conjugated to surface-biotinylated liposomes. Such decorated liposomes, loaded with fluorescein as traceable cargo, acquired pronounced specificity for motor nerve terminals in isolated mouse hemidiaphragms and facilitated the intraneuronal transfer of the fluor, as revealed by confocal microscopy. Delivery of the protease light chain of botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) via this TDC accelerated the onset of neuromuscular paralysis, indicative of improved translocation of this enzyme into the presynaptic cytosol with subsequent proteolytic inactivation of synaptosomal-associated protein of molecular mass 25 kDa (SNAP-25), an exocytotic soluble N-ethyl-maleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) essential for neurotransmitter release. BoTIM-coupled liposomes, loaded with peptide inhibitors of proteases, yielded considerable attenuation of the neuroparalytic effects of BoNT/A or BoNT/F as a result of their cytosolic transfer, the first in situ demonstration of the ability of designer antiproteases to suppress the symptoms of botulism ex vivo. Delivery of the BoNT/A inhibitor by liposomes targeted with the full-length BoTIM proved more effective than that mediated by its C-terminal neuroacceptor-binding domain. This demonstrated versatility of TDC for nonviral cargo transfer into cholinergic nerve endings has unveiled its potential for direct delivery of functional targets into motor nerve endings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om P Edupuganti
- International Centre for Neurotherapeutics, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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Zhou YZ, Alany RG, Chuang V, Wen J. Optimization of PLGA nanoparticles formulation containing L-DOPA by applying the central composite design. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2012; 39:321-30. [PMID: 22607101 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2012.681054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to prepare L-DOPA loaded poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles by a modified water-in-oil-in-water (W(1)/O/W(2)) emulsification solvent evaporation method. A central composite design was applied for optimization of the formulation parameters and for studying the effects of three independent variables: PLGA concentration, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) concentration and organic solvent removal rate on the particle size and the entrapment efficiency (response variables). Second-order models were obtained to adequately describe the influence of the independent variables on the selected responses. The analysis of variance showed that the three independent variables had significant effects (p < 0.05) on the responses. The experimental results were in perfect accordance with the predictions estimated by the models. Using the desirability approach and overlay contour plots, the optimal preparation area can be highlighted. It was found that the optimum values of the responses could be obtained at higher concentration of PLGA (5%, w/v) and PVA (6%, w/v); and faster organic solvent removal rate (700 rpm). The corresponding particle size was 256.2 nm and the entrapment efficiency was 62.19%. FTIR investigation confirmed that the L-DOPA and PLGA polymer maintained its backbone structure in the fabrication of nanoparticles. The scanning electron microscopic images of nanoparticles showed that all particles had spherical shape with porous outer skin. The results suggested that PLGA nanoparticles might represent a promising formulation for brain delivery of L-DOPA. The preparation of L-DOPA loaded PLGA nanoparticles can be optimized by the central composite design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhi Zhou
- Drug Delivery Research Unit, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Costantino L, Boraschi D. Is there a clinical future for polymeric nanoparticles as brain-targeting drug delivery agents? Drug Discov Today 2012; 17:367-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2011.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Tosi G, Fano RA, Bondioli L, Badiali L, Benassi R, Rivasi F, Ruozi B, Forni F, Vandelli MA. Investigation on mechanisms of glycopeptide nanoparticles for drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2011; 6:423-36. [PMID: 21542682 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.11.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Nanoneuroscience, based on the use polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), represents an emerging field of research for achieving an effective therapy for neurodegenerative diseases. In particular, poly-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) glyco-heptapetide-conjugated NPs (g7-NPs) were shown to be able to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, the in vivo mechanisms of the BBB crossing of this kind of NP has not been investigated until now. This article aimed to develop a deep understanding of the mechanism of BBB crossing of the modified NPs. MATERIALS & METHODS Loperamide and rhodamine-123 (model drugs unable to cross the BBB) were loaded into NPs, composed of a mixture of PLGA, differently modified with g7 or with a random sequence of the same aminoamids (random-g7). To study brain targeting of these model drugs, loaded NPs were administered via the tail vein in rats in order to perform both pharmacological studies and biodistribution analysis along with fluorescent, confocal and electron microscopy analysis, in order to achieve the NP BBB crossing mechanism. Computational analysis on the conformation of the g7- and random-g7-NPs of the NP surface was also developed. RESULTS Only loperamide delivered to the brain with g7-NPs created a high central analgesia, corresponding to the 14% of the injected dose, and data were confirmed by biodistribution studies. Electron photomicrographs showed the ability of g7-NPs in crossing the BBB as evidenced by several endocytotic vesicles and macropinocytotic processes. The computational analysis on g7 and random-g7 showed a different conformation (linear vs globular), thus suggesting a different interaction with the BBB. CONCLUSION Taken together, this evidence suggested that g7-NP BBB crossing is enabled by multiple pathways, mainly membrane-membrane interaction and macropinocytosis-like mechanisms. The results of the computational analysis showed the Biousian structure of the g7 peptide, in contrast to random-g7 peptide (globular conformation), suggesting that this difference is pivotal in explaining the BBB crossing and allowing us to hypothesize regarding the mechanism of BBB crossing by g7-NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Tosi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Via Campi, 41100 Modena, Italy.
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Li J, Zhang Q, Pang Z, Wang Y, Liu Q, Guo L, Jiang X. Identification of peptide sequences that target to the brain using in vivo phage display. Amino Acids 2011; 42:2373-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-0979-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Malakoutikhah M, Teixidó M, Giralt E. Schleuservermittelter Transport von Wirkstoffen ins Gehirn. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201006565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Malakoutikhah M, Teixidó M, Giralt E. Shuttle-Mediated Drug Delivery to the Brain. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:7998-8014. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201006565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Revised: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
The delivery of drugs to the CNS is hampered by the existence of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Nowadays, medicinal chemists follow defined rules for the development of drugs able to cross the BBB. At the same time, the parameters needed in order to gain valuable estimates of brain drug delivery are well defined. Despite the limits in molecular weight that allow drugs to cross the BBB, it was shown that nanotech products, in particular properly functionalized nanoparticles, spherical particles of approximately 200 nm in diameter, are able to cross the BBB after intravenous administration and act as drug carriers for CNS. Moreover, peptides as ligands for receptors present on the brain endothelium, or able to cross the BBB and to act as carriers for CNS drug delivery in the form of conjugates with drugs, have been discovered and started to be studied as targeting moieties for nanoparticulate systems. This article will discuss the results obtained so far in the field of nanoparticle drug carriers for CNS and highlight the parameters needed in order to fully characterize these hitherto largely unknown delivery systems. Even if promising results have been obtained, more studies are needed in order to fully evaluate the clinical potential of this drug-delivery system.
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