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Leisegang K, Opuwari CS, Moichela F, Finelli R. Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines in the Treatment of Ejaculatory Disorders: A Systematic Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1607. [PMID: 37763726 PMCID: PMC10535559 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59091607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Ejaculatory dysfunction (EjD) is a common male sexual disorder that includes premature ejaculation, delayed ejaculation, retrograde ejaculation, and anejaculation. Although psychological and pharmacological treatments are available, traditional, complementary, and alternative medicine (TCAM) is reportedly used. However, the clinical evidence for TCAM in EjD remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to systematically review human clinical trials investigating the use of TCAM to treat EjD. Materials and Methods: A systematic review of the literature following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was conducted by searching Scopus and PubMed databases. Controlled clinical trials investigating a cohort of male patients diagnosed primarily with EjD and undergoing any TCAM intervention compared to any comparison group were included. Quality of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for randomized controlled trials. Results: Following article screening, 22 articles were included. Of these, 21 investigated TCAM in premature ejaculation, and only 1 investigated TCAM in retrograde ejaculation. Different TCAM categories included studies that investigated lifestyle, exercise and/or physical activities (n = 7); herbal medicine supplements (n = 5); topical herbal applications (n = 4); acupuncture or electroacupuncture (n = 3); vitamin, mineral and/or nutraceutical supplements (n = 1); hyaluronic acid penile injection (n = 1); and music therapy (n = 1). Only 31.8% (n = 7) of the included studies were found to have a low risk of bias. The available studies were widely heterogenous in the TCAM intervention investigated and comparison groups used. However, the included studies generally showed improved outcomes intra-group and when compared to placebo. Conclusions: Different TCAM interventions may have an important role particularly in the management of PE. However, more studies using standardized interventions are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Leisegang
- School of Natural Medicine, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Chinyerum Sylvia Opuwari
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (C.S.O.); (F.M.)
| | - Faith Moichela
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (C.S.O.); (F.M.)
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Shah MDA, Shah S, Nusrat NB, Zafar N, Rehman AU. Topical Anesthetics and Premature Ejaculation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cureus 2023; 15:e42913. [PMID: 37664322 PMCID: PMC10474909 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effectiveness of topical anesthetics in preventing premature ejaculation. We conducted an online database search for original studies comparing topical anesthetic agents with placebo in patients with premature ejaculation. After selecting relevant articles, we extracted data on baseline characteristics and predetermined endpoints. Intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT) was the primary outcome for efficacy. Mean differences and corresponding 95% confidence intervals were used to present continuous data. A random-effects model was used to pool the data, and subgroup analysis was performed based on the type of anesthetic agent used. Eleven randomized controlled trials were examined, involving a total of 2008 participants. After analyzing the combined results, it was found that Severance Secret (SS) cream (CJ CheilJedang Corporation, Seoul, South Korea) demonstrated significantly higher effectiveness than a placebo in increasing IELT (P = 0.001). Similarly, the topical eutectic mixture for premature ejaculation (TEMPE), lidocaine, and the eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (EMLA) were significantly more efficient than a placebo (P<0.00001; P = 0.0001; P<0.00001). Additionally, it was found that lidocaine gel was more efficient than paroxetine or sildenafil (P = 0.04; P<0.00001). In conclusion, topical anesthetics increase IELT in men with premature ejaculation more effectively than placebo, sildenafil, tadalafil, paroxetine, and dapoxetine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Danial Ali Shah
- Department of Urology, Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute and Research Center, Lahore, PAK
| | - Safdar Shah
- Department of Urology, Evercare Hospital Lahore, Lahore, PAK
| | - Nadeem Bin Nusrat
- Department of Urology, Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute and Research Center, Lahore, PAK
| | - Nauman Zafar
- Department of Urology, Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute and Research Center, Lahore, PAK
| | - Assad Ur Rehman
- Department of Urology, Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute and Research Center, Lahore, PAK
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Batista LL, Koga RDCR, Teixeira AVTDL, Teixeira TA, de Melo EL, Carvalho JCT. Clinical Safety of a Pharmaceutical Formulation Containing an Extract of Acmella oleracea (L.) in Patients With Premature Ejaculation: A Pilot Study. Am J Mens Health 2023; 17:15579883231167819. [PMID: 37081737 PMCID: PMC10126617 DOI: 10.1177/15579883231167819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Acmella oleracea (L.) R. K. Jansen (Asteraceae) is a plant species widely used in traditional Amazonian medicine to treat sexual dysfunction. The use of this plant has gained popularity because of its sensory properties, such as a tingling sensation. In this study on patients with premature ejaculation, we evaluated the clinical action of a nano-formulation containing an ethanolic extract of A. oleracea inflorescences. Major constituents in the extracts were identified based on gas chromatographic analysis. Participants used a spray preparation based on the A. oleracea extract for 12 weeks, during which they were instructed to apply the product 5 min prior to sexual intercourse. To assess therapeutic efficacy, participants were required to record the mean intravaginal latency time for ejaculation (IELT). During the period of spray treatment, the nano-formulation of A. oleracea increased participant IELT values (M = 293 s) compared with the baseline values (193 s). This nano-formulation reported clinical action in patients with premature ejaculation. It is accordingly considered to have potential application as a therapeutic alternative with benefits for both patients and their partners. Given the small number of participants in this study, further multicenter studies involving a larger number of participants are needed to confirm these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lecildo Lira Batista
- Pharmaceutical Innovation Program, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
- Research Laboratory of Drugs, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
- Division of Urology, University Hospital, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
| | | | | | - Thiago Afonso Teixeira
- Division of Urology, University Hospital, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
- Men's Health Study Group, Institute for Advanced Studies, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Tropical Biodiversity, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
| | - Ester Lopes de Melo
- Research Laboratory of Drugs, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Tropical Biodiversity, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
| | - José Carlos Tavares Carvalho
- Pharmaceutical Innovation Program, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
- Research Laboratory of Drugs, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
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Saleh R, Majzoub A, Abu El-Hamd M. An update on the treatment of premature ejaculation: A systematic review. Arab J Urol 2021; 19:281-302. [PMID: 34552780 PMCID: PMC8451625 DOI: 10.1080/2090598x.2021.1943273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
To analyse the current therapeutic options for patients with premature ejaculation (PE) and highlight their mechanism(s) of action, effectiveness, advantages and limitations. A literature search was conducted using the PubMed database searching for articles exploring different PE treatment modalities. A Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach was used to report the results of the literature search. A total of 149 articles were included in this review. The currently available treatment methods for PE include behavioural therapy, local anaesthetics, tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and selective phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Most PE treatments are either experimental or used off-label. New treatments are certainly warranted to overcome this exasperating sexual dysfunction.
Abbreviations: AIPE: Arabic Index of Premature Ejaculation; CNS: central nervous system; CYP: cytochrome P450; ED: erectile dysfunction; FDA: United States Food and Drug Administration; H1: histamine receptors; 5-HT: 5-hydroxytryptamine; IELT: The intravaginal ejaculation latency time; IPE: Index of Premature Ejaculation; M1: muscarinic receptors; OCD: obsessive–compulsive disorder; PDE5: phosphodiesterase type 5; PE: premature ejaculation; PEP: Premature Ejaculation Profile; PRO: patient-reported outcome; RCT: randomised controlled trial; SS: Severance Secret (cream); SSRIs: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors; TCAs: tricyclic antidepressants
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramadan Saleh
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Ahmad Majzoub
- Urology Department, Hamad Medical corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Urology Department, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammed Abu El-Hamd
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
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Chen Z, Yuan M, Ma Z, Wen J, Wang X, Zhao M, Liu J, Zhang X, Zhao S, Guo L. Significance of piezo‐type mechanosensitive ion channel component 2 in premature ejaculation: An animal study. Andrology 2020; 8:1347-1359. [PMID: 32100938 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghao Chen
- Institution of Urology The Second Hospital of Shandong University Jinan China
| | - Mingzhen Yuan
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Jinan China
| | - Zhen Ma
- School of Medicine Shandong University Jinan China
| | - Jiliang Wen
- School of Medicine Shandong University Jinan China
| | | | | | - Jiaxin Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Xiulin Zhang
- Institution of Urology The Second Hospital of Shandong University Jinan China
| | - Shengtian Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Jinan China
| | - Liqiang Guo
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Jinan China
- School of Medicine Shandong University Jinan China
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Butcher MJ, Zubert T, Christiansen K, Carranza A, Pawlicki P, Seibel S. Topical Agents for Premature Ejaculation: A Review. Sex Med Rev 2020; 8:92-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Fortney L. Erectile Dysfunction. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-35868-2.00063-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Cui YD, Hu SB, Wu B, Li SJ, Xiang K, Liao ZL, Zhang HP, Zhu CH, Rao M. Efficacy of combined traditional Chinese medicine spray with premature ejaculation desensitization therapy for the treatment of primary premature ejaculation. Afr Health Sci 2017; 17:603-613. [PMID: 29085387 PMCID: PMC5656209 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v17i3.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives We recommend a new kind of spray made from eight kinds of traditional Chinese medicine, we aimed to investigate the safety and clinical efficacy of combined traditional Chinese medicine spray (TCMS) with premature ejaculation desensitization therapy (PEDT) for the treatment of primary premature ejaculation (PPE). Methods A total of 90 patients with PPE were randomly assigned to receive TCMS, PEDT monotherapy or TCMS plus PEDT combination therapy for 6 weeks. Intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT) and Chinese index of sexual function for premature ejaculation (CIPE-5) were measured to evaluate the effect of each treatment. Results Eighty six (86) participants completed the study voluntarily. Both IELT and CIPE-5 in these three groups increased after treatment when compared with baseline levels (p< 0.01). IELT and CIPE-5 after treatment in TCMS plus PEDT group were significantly higher than those in the other two groups (both p <0.05). Additionally, clinical efficacy in TCMS plus PEDT group (89.7%) was significantly higher than in TCMS (65.5%) and PEDT group (67.9%) (p< 0.01). Conclusion The self-made TCMS was safe and effective for the treatment of PPE, a combination of TCMS and PEDT therapy was more effective than the TCMS or PEDT monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Dong Cui
- Department of Urology, Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture nationality Hospital, Enshi, Hubei, China
| | - Shu-Bin Hu
- Department of Urology, Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture nationality Hospital, Enshi, Hubei, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Urology, Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture nationality Hospital, Enshi, Hubei, China
| | - Shi-Jun Li
- Department of Urology, Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture nationality Hospital, Enshi, Hubei, China
| | - Kui Xiang
- Department of Urology, Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture nationality Hospital, Enshi, Hubei, China
| | - Zhao-Lin Liao
- Department of Urology, Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture nationality Hospital, Enshi, Hubei, China
| | - Hui-Ping Zhang
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chang-Hong Zhu
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Meng Rao
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Avasthi A, Grover S, Sathyanarayana Rao TS. Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Sexual Dysfunction. Indian J Psychiatry 2017; 59:S91-S115. [PMID: 28216788 PMCID: PMC5310110 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5545.196977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Avasthi
- Department of Psychiatry, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
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Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Management of Premature Ejaculation: A Systematic Review. Sex Med 2016; 5:e1-e18. [PMID: 28041925 PMCID: PMC5302385 DOI: 10.1016/j.esxm.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Premature ejaculation (PE) is defined as ejaculation within 1 minute (lifelong PE) or 3 minutes (acquired PE), inability to delay ejaculation, and negative personal consequences. Management includes behavioral and pharmacologic approaches. Aim To systematically review effectiveness, safety, and robustness of evidence for complementary and alternative medicine in managing PE. Methods Nine databases including Medline were searched through September 2015. Randomized controlled trials evaluating complementary and alternative medicine for PE were included. Main Outcome Measures Studies were included if they reported on intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT) and/or another validated PE measurement. Adverse effects were summarized. Results Ten randomized controlled trials were included. Two assessed acupuncture, five assessed Chinese herbal medicine, one assessed Ayurvedic herbal medicine, and two assessed topical “severance secret” cream. Risk of bias was unclear in all studies because of unclear allocation concealment or blinding, and only five studies reported stopwatch-measured IELT. Acupuncture slightly increased IELT over placebo in one study (mean difference [MD] = 0.55 minute, P = .001). In another study, Ayurvedic herbal medicine slightly increased IELT over placebo (MD = 0.80 minute, P = .001). Topical severance secret cream increased IELT over placebo in two studies (MD = 8.60 minutes, P < .001), although inclusion criteria were broad (IELT < 3 minutes). Three studies comparing Chinese herbal medicine with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) favored SSRIs (MD = 1.01 minutes, P = .02). However, combination treatment with Chinese medicine plus SSRIs improved IELT over SSRIs alone (two studies; MD = 1.92 minutes, P < .00001) and over Chinese medicine alone (two studies; MD = 2.52 minutes, P < .00001). Adverse effects were not consistently assessed but where reported were generally mild. Conclusion There is preliminary evidence for the effectiveness of acupuncture, Chinese herbal medicine, Ayurvedic herbal medicine, and topical severance secret cream in improving IELT and other outcomes. However, results are based on clinically heterogeneous studies of unclear quality. There are sparse data on adverse effects or potential for drug interactions. Further well-conducted randomized controlled trials would be valuable.
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Shin YS, Zhao C, Zhang LT, Park JK. Current Status and Clinical Studies of Oriental Herbs in Sexual Medicine in Korea. World J Mens Health 2015; 33:62-72. [PMID: 26331122 PMCID: PMC4550598 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.2015.33.2.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is one of the most common diseases among aging men. Although previous studies have shown that type 5 phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE5-Is) are very effective for the treatment of ED, many researchers are currently attempting to identify therapeutic agents from natural sources with comparable or better effects than PDE5-Is. Herbal medicine is thought to be advantageous because it is natural; moreover, it not only treats isolated symptoms, but also maintains general well-being. Furthermore, since newly created chemical compound libraries have limited structural diversity with regard to pharmaceutical agents, more attention has recently been paid to the ability of oriental herbs to enhance physical health, including sexual function. Herein, we review the current status of Korean preclinical or clinical studies of the application of oriental herbs to sexual medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Seob Shin
- Department of Urology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea. ; Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and Shanghai Institute of Andrology, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Tao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea. ; Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Jong Kwan Park
- Department of Urology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea. ; Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonju, Korea. ; Clinical Trial Center for Medical Devices, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
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Miner M, Hellstrom WJG. Distinguishing Premature Ejaculation from Other Sexual Function Disorders. Postgrad Med 2015; 120:54-63. [DOI: 10.3810/pgm.2008.04.1761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Abstract
In spite of its high prevalence and long history, the ambiguity regarding the definition, epidemiology and management of premature ejaculation continues. Topical anesthetic creams and daily or on-demand selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment forms the basis of pharmacotherapy for premature ejaculation today, in spite of low adherence by patients. Psychotherapy may improve the outcomes when combined with these treatment modalities. Tramadol and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors have a limited role in the management of premature ejaculation. Further research is required to develop better options for the treatment of this common sexual disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selahittin Çayan
- Department of UrologyUniversity of Mersin School of Medicine, Çiftlikköy Kampusu 33343 YenisehirMersin, Turkey
| | - Ege Can Şerefoğlu
- Department of UrologyBağcilar Training and Research Center, Merkez Mah No:6 34200 BagcilarIstanbul, Turkey
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Yang DY, Ko K, Lee WK, Park HJ, Lee SW, Moon KH, Kim SW, Kim SW, Cho KS, Moon DG, Min K, Yang SK, Son H, Park K. Urologist's Practice Patterns Including Surgical Treatment in the Management of Premature Ejaculation: A Korean Nationwide Survey. World J Mens Health 2013; 31:226-31. [PMID: 24459656 PMCID: PMC3888892 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.2013.31.3.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose According to previous studies, the prevalence of premature ejaculation (PE) in Korea ranges from 11.3% to 33%. However, the actual practice patterns in managing patients with PE is not well known. In this study, we have endeavored to determine how contemporary urologists in Korea manage patients with PE. Materials and Methods The e-mailing list was obtained from the Korean Urological Association Registry of Physicians. A specifically designed questionnaire was e-mailed to the 2,421 urologists in Korea from May 2012 to August 2012. Results Urologists in Korea diagnosed PE using various criteria: the definition of the International Society for Sexual Medicine (63.4%), Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (43.8%), International Statistical Classification of Disease, 10th edition (61.7%), or perceptional self-diagnosis by the patient himself (23.5%). A brief self-administered questionnaire, the Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool, was used by only 42.5% of the urologists. Selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) therapy was the main treatment modality (91.5%) for PE patients. 40.2% of the urologists used phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, 47.6% behavior therapy, and 53.7% local anesthetics. Further, 286 (54.3%) urologists managed PE patients with a surgical modality such as selective dorsal neurotomy (SDN). Conclusions A majority of Korean urologists diagnose PE by a multidimensional approach using various diagnostic tools. Most urologists believe that medical treatment with an SSRI is effective in the management of PE. At the same time, surgical treatment such as SDN also investigated as one of major treatment modality despite the lack of scientific evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Yul Yang
- Department of Urology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyungtae Ko
- Department of Urology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Ki Lee
- Department of Urology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Jun Park
- Department of Urology, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Sung Won Lee
- Department of Urology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Hak Moon
- Department of Urology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sae Woong Kim
- Department of Urology, The Catholic University of Korea, School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Woong Kim
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kang Su Cho
- Department of Urology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Du Geon Moon
- Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kweonsik Min
- Department of Urology, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Sang Kuk Yang
- Department of Urology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwancheol Son
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwangsung Park
- Department of Urology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
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Basch E, Gasparyan A, Giese N, Hashmi S, Miranda M, Sollars D, Seamon E, Tanguay-Colucci S, Ulbricht C, Varghese M, Vora M, Weissner W. Clove (Eugenia aromatica) and clove oil (eugenol). Natural standard monograph (www.naturalstandard.com) copyright © 2008. J Diet Suppl 2013; 5:117-46. [PMID: 22432430 DOI: 10.1080/19390210802335391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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18
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Gameel TA, Tawfik AM, Abou-Farha MO, Bastawisy MG, El-Bendary MA, El-Gamasy AEN. On-demand use of tramadol, sildenafil, paroxetine and local anaesthetics for the management of premature ejaculation: A randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial. Arab J Urol 2013; 11:392-7. [PMID: 26558110 PMCID: PMC4443019 DOI: 10.1016/j.aju.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To compare the clinical efficacy of the on-demand use of four drugs in the management of patients with premature ejaculation (PE), as the off-label use of selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors and topical penile anaesthetics is frequently indicated for the management of patients with PE, and tramadol HCl and sildenafil citrate were also tried for managing this disorder, but with recommendations based on weak evidence. Patients and methods This was a single-centre, single-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial conducted on 150 patients who had PE for >1 year. Patients were randomised equally into five groups. On-demand tramadol, sildenafil, paroxetine, local lidocaine gel or placebo was given for patients in groups 1–5, respectively. During the month before treatment, the intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT) and sexual satisfaction scores (on a 0–5-point scale) were measured and compared to the mean IELT and sexual satisfaction scores recorded during 4 weeks of on-demand drug administration, with monitoring of any possible side-effects. Results Tramadol-treated patients had a significantly longer mean (SD) IELT, of 351 (119) s, than the other groups. Local anaesthetic was significantly better than paroxetine in prolonging the IELT, at 278 (111) vs. 186 (65) s, respectively. The improvement in sexual satisfaction was significantly better in the sildenafil group, with a mean (SD) improvement of 2.9 (1) points, than in the paroxetine and local anaesthetic groups, at 2.2 (0.9) and 1.9 (0.9) points, respectively. Conclusions The four drugs significantly improved IELT values over placebo. Tramadol was associated with significantly longer IELT values, whilst sildenafil induced significantly better sexual satisfaction than the other drugs. The four drugs had tolerable side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek A Gameel
- Urology Department, Tanta University Hospitals, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ahmad M Tawfik
- Urology Department, Tanta University Hospitals, Tanta, Egypt
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Xia JD, Han YF, Zhou LH, Chen Y, Dai YT. Efficacy and safety of local anaesthetics for premature ejaculation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Asian J Androl 2013; 15:497-502. [PMID: 23708465 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2012.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess the efficacy and safety of local anaesthetics for premature ejaculation (PE), a systematic review of the literature was performed using the Cochrane Library, PUBMED and EMBASE. We screened and retrieved the randomized controlled trials on the treatment of PE with local anaesthetics. End points included intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT), patient-reported outcome assessments and adverse events. Meta-analyses were conducted with Stata 11.0. In total, seven publications involving 566 patients with local anaesthetics and 388 with placebos strictly met our eligibility criteria. Meta-analyses showed that after the patients were treated with the local anaesthetics, the value of the standardized mean difference of the changes in IELT was 5.02 (95% CI: 3.03-7.00). A higher rate of adverse events occurred compared with placebos (odds ratio: 3.30, 95% CI: 1.71-6.36), but these events were restricted to local side effects. In addition, significantly greater improvement was observed in patient-reported outcomes. In summary, local anaesthetics can prolong IELT and improve ejaculatory control and sexual satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Dong Xia
- Division of Andrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
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Pu C, Yang L, Liu L, Yuan H, Wei Q, Han P. Topical Anesthetic Agents for Premature Ejaculation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Urology 2013; 81:799-804. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2012.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Serefoglu EC, Saitz TR, Trost L, Hellstrom WJ. Premature ejaculation: do we have effective therapy? Transl Androl Urol 2013; 2:45-53. [PMID: 26816723 PMCID: PMC4708597 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-4683.2013.01.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Premature ejaculation (PE) is the most common sexual dysfunction, with the majority of PE patients remaining undiagnosed and undertreated. Despite its prevalence, there is a current paucity of data regarding available treatment options and mechanisms. The objective of the current investigation is to review and summarize pertinent literature on therapeutic options for the treatment of PE, including behavioral/psychologic, oral pharmacotherapy, and surgery. METHODS A pubmed search was conducted on articles reporting data on available treatment options for PE. Articles describing potential mechanisms of action were additionally included for review. Preference was given towards randomized, controlled trials, when available. RESULTS PE remains an underdiagnosed and undertreated disease process, with limited data available regarding potential underlying mechanisms and long-term outcomes of treatment options. Psychological/behavioral therapies, including the stop-start, squeeze, and pelvic floor rehabilitation techniques have demonstrated improvements in short-term series, with decreased efficacy with additional follow-up. Topical therapies, which are commonly utilized result in prolonged intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT) at the expense of potential penile/vaginal Hypothesia. Oral therapies similarly demonstrate improved IELTs with variable side effect profiles and include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (daily or on demand), phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, alpha-1 adrenergic antagonists, and tramadol. Alternative therapies such as acupuncture have shown benefits in limited studies. Surgery is not commonly performed and is not recommended by available guidelines. CONCLUSIONS PE is a common condition, with limited data available regarding its underlying pathophysiology and treatment. Available therapies include topical, oral, behavioral/psychologic modification, or a combination thereof. Additional research is required to assess the optimal treatment strategies and algorithms as well as to better define the mechanisms for PE and its management.
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Morales A. Evolving therapeutic strategies for premature ejaculation: The search for on-demand treatment - topical versus systemic. Can Urol Assoc J 2012; 6:380-5. [PMID: 23093633 DOI: 10.5489/cuaj.12002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Premature ejaculation (PE) is a common sexual dysfunction affecting 20% to 30% of men worldwide. Definitions of PE vary, but it is typically characterized by short intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT) with concomitant sexual dissatisfaction and distress. PE may be lifelong or acquired, but its etiology remains unclear. Treatment of PE typically involves pharmacotherapy, particularly when lifelong. Although there are numerous reports on the off-label use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and other compounds, only 2 treatments have been evaluated in randomized controlled phase 3 clinical trials: PSD502 and dapoxetine (SSRI). Both significantly improved IELT and patient-reported outcome domains of ejaculatory control, sexual satisfaction, and distress as measured by the index of premature ejaculation (IPE), compared with placebo. They constitute the focus of this review. Evidence demonstrated that PSD502, dapoxetine and other SSRIs all significantly improve the symptoms of PE. Systemic use of SSRIs presents risks associated with the known pharmacology of this class. PSD502 allows for topical on-demand treatment applied applied immediately before intercourse, and is not associated with systemic adverse events.
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New insights on premature ejaculation: a review of definition, classification, prevalence and treatment. Asian J Androl 2012; 14:822-9. [PMID: 23064688 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2012.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
There are ongoing debates about the definition, classification and prevalence of premature ejaculation (PE). The first evidence-based definition of PE was limited to heterosexual men with lifelong PE who engage in vaginal intercourse. Unfortunately, many patients with the complaint of PE do not meet these criteria. However, these men can be diagnosed as one of the PE subtypes, namely acquired PE, natural variable PE or premature-like ejaculatory dysfunction. Nevertheless, the validity of these subtypes has not yet been supported by evidence. The absence of a universally accepted PE definition and lack of standards for data acquisition have resulted in prevalence studies that have reported conflicting rates. The very high prevalence of 20%-30% is probably due to the vague terminology used in the definitions at the time when such surveys were conducted. Although many men may complain of PE when questioned for a population-based prevalence study, only a few of them will actively seek treatment for their complaint, even though most of these patients would define symptoms congruent with PE. The complaints of acquired PE patients may be more severe, whereas complaints of patients experiencing premature-like ejaculatory dysfunction seem to be least severe among men with various forms of PE. Although numerous treatment modalities have been proposed for management of PE, only antidepressants and topical anaesthetic creams have currently been proven to be effective. However, as none of the treatment modalities have been approved by the regulatory agencies, further studies must be carried to develop a beneficial treatment strategy for PE.
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Asimakopoulos AD, Miano R, Agrò EF, Vespasiani G, Spera E. Does Current Scientific and Clinical Evidence Support the Use of Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Premature Ejaculation? A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis. J Sex Med 2012; 9:2404-16. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02628.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hutchinson K, Cruickshank K, Wylie K. A Benefit-Risk Assessment of Dapoxetine in the Treatment of Premature Ejaculation. Drug Saf 2012; 35:359-72. [DOI: 10.2165/11598150-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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28
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Fortney L. Erectile Dysfunction. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4377-1793-8.00044-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Francischi FBD, Ayres DC, Itao RE, Spessoto LCF, Arruda JGFD, Facio Junior FN. Premature ejaculation: is there an efficient therapy? EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2011; 9:545-9. [PMID: 26761263 DOI: 10.1590/s1679-45082011rb1929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature ejaculation is the most frequent male sexual dysfunction, estimated to affect 20 to 30% of men at some time in their life. A Pubmed search from the year 2000 to the present was performed to retrieve publications related to management or treatment of premature ejaculation. Behavioral techniques have been the mainstay of premature ejaculation management for many years, although evidence of their short-term efficacy is limited. Topical therapies for premature ejaculation act by desensitizing the penis and do not alter the sensation of ejaculation. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), commonly used in the treatment of depression, are often used to treat premature ejaculation, based on the observation that delayed ejaculation is a frequent side effect of this drug class. Dapoxetine is a short-acting SSRI formulated to treat premature ejaculation, and results seem very promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Barros de Francischi
- Hospital de Base, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto - FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, BR
| | - Daniel Cernach Ayres
- Hospital de Base, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto - FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, BR
| | - Ricardo Eidi Itao
- Hospital de Base, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto - FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, BR
| | - Luis Cesar Fava Spessoto
- Hospital de Base, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto - FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, BR
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Kendirci M, Salem E, Hellstrom WJG. Dapoxetine, a novel selective serotonin transport inhibitor for the treatment of premature ejaculation. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2011; 3:277-89. [PMID: 18360636 PMCID: PMC1936309 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.2007.3.2.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Premature ejaculation (PE) is the most common male sexual disorder, estimated to affect up to 30% of men. Over the past one or two decades, clinical investigators have participated in an increasing number of studies that are helping in our understanding of PE, which will undoubtedly facilitate future treatments. Apart from a number of behavioral approaches, the treatment of PE consists of primarily off-label use of oral selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) via either on-demand or daily delivery. However, various undesirable side-effects of these medications have led researchers to search for and develop new therapeutic approaches for PE. Dapoxetine is a short-acting SSRI developed specifically for the treatment of PE. Early trials with dapoxetine have documented successful outcomes without serious short- or long-term side-effects. This review addresses the definition, classification, diagnosis, physiology, and neurobiopathology of PE, and evaluates therapeutic strategies with novel treatments for PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muammer Kendirci
- Department of Urology, Sisli Etfal Training and Research HospitalIstanbul, Turkey
| | - Emad Salem
- Department of Urology, Tulane University Health Sciences CenterNew Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Wayne JG Hellstrom
- Department of Urology, Tulane University Health Sciences CenterNew Orleans, LA, USA
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31
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Xin ZC, Zhu YC, Yuan YM, Cui WS, Jin Z, Li WR, Liu T. Current therapeutic strategies for premature ejaculation and future perspectives. Asian J Androl 2011; 13:550-7. [PMID: 21532601 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2010.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Premature ejaculation (PE) is a common sexual disorder in men that is mediated by disturbances in the peripheral and central nervous systems. Although all pharmaceutical treatments for PE are currently used 'off-label', some novel oral agents and some newer methods of drug administration now provide important relief to PE patients. However, the aetiology of this condition has still not been unified, primarily because of the lack of a standard animal model for basic research and the absence of a widely accepted definition and assessment tool for evidence-based clinical studies in patients with PE. In this review, we focus on the current therapeutic strategies and future treatment perspectives for PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Cheng Xin
- Andrology Centre of Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.
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32
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Abstract
Current and upcoming treatment options for premature ejaculation (PE) are of global clinical interest. In 2008, the International Society for Sexual Medicine published an evidence-based definition for PE. While there are no US Food and Drug Administration-approved therapies for PE, the American Urological Association 2004 guidelines state the serotonergic antidepressants paroxetine, sertraline, fluoxetine and clomipramine and the topical lidocaine-prilocaine cream are effective treatment options. However, there are limitations associated with their use, which may be overcome by PE-specific therapies currently in development. Two agents that are in advanced stages of clinical development include: (i) dapoxetine, an on-demand short-acting selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, and (ii) PSD502, a metered-dose aerosol containing lidocaine and prilocaine, also for on-demand treatment. Another on-demand agent in development is tramadol, a weak opioid that is currently approved for treating pain. Coupled with efficient diagnosis, it is hoped that these newer agents will improve the quality of life for patients who suffer from PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J G Hellstrom
- Department of Urology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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33
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Hatzimouratidis K, Amar E, Eardley I, Giuliano F, Hatzichristou D, Montorsi F, Vardi Y, Wespes E. Guidelines on male sexual dysfunction: erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation. Eur Urol 2010; 57:804-14. [PMID: 20189712 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2010.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 678] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Erectile dysfunction (ED) and premature ejaculation (PE) are the two most prevalent male sexual dysfunctions. OBJECTIVE To present the updated version of 2009 European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines on ED and PE. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A systematic review of the recent literature on the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of ED and PE was performed. Levels of evidence and grades of recommendation were assigned. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS ED is highly prevalent, and 5-20% of men have moderate to severe ED. ED shares common risk factors with cardiovascular disease. Diagnosis is based on medical and sexual history, including validated questionnaires. Physical examination and laboratory testing must be tailored to the patient's complaints and risk factors. Treatment is based on phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5-Is), including sildenafil, tadalafil, and vardenafil. PDE5-Is have high efficacy and safety rates, even in difficult-to-treat populations such as patients with diabetes mellitus. Treatment options for patients who do not respond to PDE5-Is or for whom PDE5-Is are contraindicated include intracavernous injections, intraurethral alprostadil, vacuum constriction devices, or implantation of a penile prosthesis. PE has prevalence rates of 20-30%. PE may be classified as lifelong (primary) or acquired (secondary). Diagnosis is based on medical and sexual history assessing intravaginal ejaculatory latency time, perceived control, distress, and interpersonal difficulty related to the ejaculatory dysfunction. Physical examination and laboratory testing may be needed in selected patients only. Pharmacotherapy is the basis of treatment in lifelong PE, including daily dosing of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and topical anaesthetics. Dapoxetine is the only drug approved for the on-demand treatment of PE in Europe. Behavioural techniques may be efficacious as a monotherapy or in combination with pharmacotherapy. Recurrence is likely to occur after treatment withdrawal. CONCLUSIONS These EAU guidelines summarise the present information on ED and PE. The extended version of the guidelines is available at the EAU Web site (http://www.uroweb.org/nc/professional-resources/guidelines/online/).
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Linton KD, Wylie KR. Recent advances in the treatment of premature ejaculation. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2010; 4:1-6. [PMID: 20368901 PMCID: PMC2846147 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s6077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Premature ejaculation (PE) is the most common sexual problem affecting men. It can affect men at all ages and has a serious impact on the quality of life for men and their partners. Currently there are no pharmaceutical agents approved for use in the UK, and so all drugs used for this condition are off label. Behavioral therapy has been used to treat PE, but the results are not durable once therapy has been concluded. Several topical therapies have been used including severance-secret (SS) cream, lignocaine spray, lidocaine-prilocaine cream and lidocaine-prilocaine spray (TEMPE). There has been recent interest in the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for the treatment of PE, due to the fact that one of their common side effects is delayed ejaculation. Currently used SSRIs have several non-sexual side effects and long half lives, therefore there has been interest in developing a short acting, efficacious SSRI that can be used on-demand for PE. Dapoxetine has been recently evaluated for the treatment of PE by several groups, and results so far appear promising.
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Abstract
Premature ejaculation (PE) is the most common male sexual problem worldwide affecting 22–38% of men. It has a significant morbidity both on patients and their partners, causing distress, anxiety and relationship difficulties. The mainstay of treatment is a combined approach using behavioural therapies and non-licensed medication such as topical anaesthetic preparations, selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors and phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors. In recent years, there has been a greater emphasis placed on researching novel treatments and exploring the on-demand use of current preparations. This review provides an overview of current accepted treatments and emerging agents for the use in PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J McCarty
- Department of Genitourinary Medicine, Royal Victoria Hospital, Grosvenor Road, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK
| | - W W Dinsmore
- Department of Genitourinary Medicine, Royal Victoria Hospital, Grosvenor Road, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK
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36
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Ferran García J, Puigvert Martínez A, Castro RP. Eyaculación prematura. Rev Int Androl 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1698-031x(10)70006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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37
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Salonia A, Saccà A, Briganti A, Del Carro U, Dehò F, Zanni G, Rocchini L, Raber M, Guazzoni G, Rigatti P, Montorsi F. ORIGINAL RESEARCH—EJACULATORY DISORDERS: Quantitative Sensory Testing of Peripheral Thresholds in Patients with Lifelong Premature Ejaculation: A Case-Controlled Study. J Sex Med 2009; 6:1755-1762. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01276.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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38
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Abstract
Premature ejaculation (PE) is a common problem in men worldwide. It has a significant impact on affected men and their partners in terms of self-esteem, dissatisfaction with their sexual relationships, personal distress, and interpersonal difficulty. Psychological therapies may achieve short-term improvements, but there are limited data on the long-term success of these methods. Oral therapy with long-acting selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) improves intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT), but these agents are designed to be administered daily and may be associated with unwanted sexual side effects and withdrawal symptoms upon abrupt discontinuation. Dapoxetine is a short-acting SSRI that can be taken as needed (prn) by men with PE. It has been studied in five separate multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials involving more than 6000 men with PE. In four studies that evaluated IELT as an endpoint (N = 4843), dapoxetine 30 and 60 mg prn achieved statistically significant increases in IELT versus placebo. Dapoxetine also showed statistically significant improvements in perceived control over ejaculation, PE-related personal distress, and other patient-reported outcomes in all five trials. Dapoxetine treatment is generally well-tolerated, with low incidences of discontinuation syndrome, sexual dysfunction, and treatment-emergent mood symptoms. The most common adverse events with dapoxetine included nausea, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, and somnolence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne J G Hellstrom
- Chief, Section of Andrology, Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL 42,New Orleans, LA, USA.
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39
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40
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Palmer NR, Stuckey BGA. Premature ejaculation: a clinical update. Med J Aust 2008; 188:662-6. [PMID: 18513177 DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2008.tb01827.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2007] [Accepted: 03/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Premature ejaculation (PE) is ejaculation occurring without control, on or shortly after vaginal penetration and before the subject wishes it, causing marked distress or interpersonal difficulties. PE is the most common male sexual complaint. Primary (lifelong) PE has a physiological basis. Therapy should involve the man and his partner. The primary aims of therapy are for the man to regain a sense of control over his ejaculation time and for him and his partner to feel satisfaction with sexual intercourse. The most effective therapies for primary PE are certain selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, given on a daily basis or "on demand" before sexual activity. Topical anaesthetics have also been shown to be effective. The most common cause of secondary PE is declining erectile function. The approach to treating secondary PE is to treat the underlying condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil R Palmer
- Keogh Institute for Medical Research, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
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41
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Sadeghi-Nejad H, Watson R. Premature ejaculation: current medical treatment and new directions (CME). J Sex Med 2008; 5:1037-1050. [PMID: 18439148 DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.00831.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Premature ejaculation (PE) is the most common form of male sexual dysfunction. Until very recently, scientific investigation of PE has been hampered by a lack of standardized definitions and objective, validated questionnaires. Small numbers of randomized controlled studies evaluating various treatment options have also added to the challenges facing the clinicians who manage PE. AIM This article provides a summary of some of the more relevant the peer-reviewed literature pertaining to the medical therapy of premature ejaculation. METHODS A retrospective review of peer reviewed publications relevant to the field of premature ejaculation and related medical therapies. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Review of safety and efficacy of various medical therapies for premature ejaculation. RESULTS Selective serotonin release inhibitors have been the most promising agents to date. The on-demand "PRN" use of these agents is more convenient, but its efficacy is less well established. Chronic use of this class of medications has been associated with minor, but bothersome side effects. More recently, concern over the risk of an increased suicide rate in young men upon initiation of SSRIs has dampened enthusiasm. Recent experience with the use of Tramadol raises the hope that this might prove to be an agent as effective as SSRIs with less worrisome risk of side-effects. New trials on novel formulations of topical solutions are currently underway in the United States. CONCLUSIONS Interest in medical therapy for PE is rapidly increasing and reflected in a disproportionate number of publications in this field in the past few years. Clinical research in this field is hampered by the complexity, variability among different men and cultures, and subjectivity of PE. Reliable, appropriately controlled and assessed studies are generally lacking and carefully devised, methodically conducted research is much needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Sadeghi-Nejad
- UMDNJ New Jersey Medical School-Surgery, Division of Urology, Newark, NJ, USA; Hackensack University Medical Center-Urology, Hackensack, NJ, USA.
| | - Richard Watson
- UMDNJ New Jersey Medical School-Surgery, Division of Urology, Newark, NJ, USA; Hackensack University Medical Center-Urology, Hackensack, NJ, USA
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42
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The role of psychological treatment strategies in ejaculatory dysfunction. CURRENT SEXUAL HEALTH REPORTS 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11930-008-0016-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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43
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Abstract
Premature ejaculation (PE) is recognized to be the most common male sexual disorder. PE provides difficulties for professionals who treat this condition because there is neither a universally accepted definition nor a medication approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Despite these shortcomings, physicians continue to diagnose their patients with PE according to major guidelines and treat them with either behavioral therapies or off-label medications. This review focuses on current and emerging treatment options and medications for PE. Advantages and limitations of each treatment option are discussed in the light of current published peer-reviewed literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levent Gurkan
- Department of Urology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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44
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Henry R, Morales A, Wyllie MG. TEMPE: Topical Eutectic-Like Mixture for Premature Ejaculation. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2008; 5:251-61. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.5.2.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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45
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Tian L, Wu YG, Jin Z, Zhu YC, Qin XC, Gong YQ, Xin ZC. Effects of Renewal SS-cream on the Bulbocavernosus Reflex (BCR) in Rabbits. Chonnam Med J 2008. [DOI: 10.4068/cmj.2008.44.3.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Long Tian
- Andrology Center of Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Institute of Urology Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Guang Wu
- Andrology Center of Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Institute of Urology Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Jin
- Andrology Center of Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Institute of Urology Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Chen Zhu
- Andrology Center of Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Institute of Urology Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Cheng Qin
- Andrology Center of Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Institute of Urology Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Qing Gong
- Andrology Center of Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Institute of Urology Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong Cheng Xin
- Andrology Center of Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Institute of Urology Peking University, Beijing, China
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46
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Ham WS, Kim WT, Choi HK, Choi YD. Recent Concepts of Premature Ejaculation. Korean J Urol 2008. [DOI: 10.4111/kju.2008.49.9.765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Won Sik Ham
- Department of Urology and Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Tae Kim
- Department of Urology and Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Ki Choi
- Department of Urology and Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Deuk Choi
- Department of Urology and Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Dugoua JJ, Seely D, Perri D, Cooley K, Forelli T, Mills E, Koren G. From type 2 diabetes to antioxidant activity: a systematic review of the safety and efficacy of common and cassia cinnamon barkThis article is one of a selection of papers published in this special issue (part 1 of 2) on the Safety and Efficacy of Natural Health Products. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2007; 85:837-47. [DOI: 10.1139/y07-080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Common ( Cinnamomum verum , C. zeylanicum ) and cassia ( C. aromaticum ) cinnamon have a long history of use as spices and flavouring agents. A number of pharmacological and clinical effects have been observed with their use. The objective of this study was to systematically review the scientific literature for preclinical and clinical evidence of safety, efficacy, and pharmacological activity of common and cassia cinnamon. Using the principles of evidence-based practice, we searched 9 electronic databases and compiled data according to the grade of evidence found. One pharmacological study on antioxidant activity and 7 clinical studies on various medical conditions were reported in the scientific literature including type 2 diabetes (3), Helicobacter pylori infection (1), activation of olfactory cortex of the brain (1), oral candidiasis in HIV (1), and chronic salmonellosis (1). Two of 3 randomized clinical trials on type 2 diabetes provided strong scientific evidence that cassia cinnamon demonstrates a therapeutic effect in reducing fasting blood glucose by 10.3%–29%; the third clinical trial did not observe this effect. Cassia cinnamon, however, did not have an effect at lowering glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). One randomized clinical trial reported that cassia cinnamon lowered total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides; the other 2 trials, however, did not observe this effect. There was good scientific evidence that a species of cinnamon was not effective at eradicating H. pylori infection. Common cinnamon showed weak to very weak evidence of efficacy in treating oral candidiasis in HIV patients and chronic salmonellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Jacques Dugoua
- Graduate Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
- Motherisk Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Research and Clinical Epidemiology, Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto, ON M2K 1E2, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8,
Canada
| | - Dugald Seely
- Graduate Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
- Motherisk Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Research and Clinical Epidemiology, Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto, ON M2K 1E2, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8,
Canada
| | - Dan Perri
- Graduate Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
- Motherisk Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Research and Clinical Epidemiology, Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto, ON M2K 1E2, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8,
Canada
| | - Kieran Cooley
- Graduate Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
- Motherisk Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Research and Clinical Epidemiology, Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto, ON M2K 1E2, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8,
Canada
| | - Taryn Forelli
- Graduate Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
- Motherisk Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Research and Clinical Epidemiology, Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto, ON M2K 1E2, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8,
Canada
| | - Edward Mills
- Graduate Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
- Motherisk Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Research and Clinical Epidemiology, Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto, ON M2K 1E2, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8,
Canada
| | - Gideon Koren
- Graduate Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
- Motherisk Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Research and Clinical Epidemiology, Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto, ON M2K 1E2, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8,
Canada
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Morales A, Barada J, Wyllie MG. A review of the current status of topical treatments for premature ejaculation. BJU Int 2007; 100:493-501. [PMID: 17608824 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2007.07051.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We examine the progress that has been made towards the development of topical treatments for premature ejaculation (PE). Although generally regarded as one of the most common male sexual problems, the lack of approved pharmacological agents for PE means that treatment options are limited to behavioural therapy, where available, and the use of drugs 'off-label'. There are various theories on the aetiology of PE, but it seems likely that both biological and psychological factors are important. One theory, that men with PE might have a heightened sensory response to penile stimulation, provides the rationale for using topical therapy; reducing the sensitivity of the glans penis with topical desensitizing agents (e.g. local anaesthetics) might improve ejaculatory latency without adversely affecting the sensation of ejaculation. Off-label topical treatments are now relatively widely used, despite limited supportive efficacy data. There are also new topical treatments in various stages of development, designed specifically for use in PE. Treatments reviewed include TEMPE spray, containing a eutectic mixture of the topical anaesthetics lidocaine and prilocaine, and several creams, including one containing natural products (SS-cream), and preliminary results from another containing the local anaesthetic dylonine, with alprostadil (prostaglandin E1). Despite wide variations in the methods of clinical trials, it is possible to conclude that all placebo-controlled studies of topical treatments have reported a significant increase in intravaginal ejaculatory latency time compared to baseline and placebo. Topical treatments for PE are appealing in that they can be applied as needed and only minimal systemic effects are likely. However, without well-controlled drug delivery there is the theoretical possibility of penile hypoaesthesia and/or transvaginal contamination. Unlike the cream formulations, the TEMPE spray has a well-controlled delivery system, making it easy to administer locally, and it appears to be well tolerated in early clinical trials. It appears that topical treatments might be able to satisfy many of the requirements of an ideal treatment for PE, and certainly have the potential for use as a first-line treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Morales
- Centre for Applied Urological Research, General Hospital & Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
Information concerning the epidemiology, etiology and treatment of premature (rapid) ejaculation is reviewed. Evidence concerning the prevalence of premature ejaculation indicates that subjective concern about rapid ejaculation is a common concern worldwide. Hypotheses concerning the pathogenesis of premature ejaculation include: (1) that it is a learned pattern of ejaculation maintained by interpersonal anxiety, (2) that it is the result of dysfunction in central or peripheral mechanisms regulating ejaculatory thresholds and (3) that it is a normal variant in ejaculatory latency. Current evidence based treatment interventions include behavioral psychotherapy and the use of pharmacological agents, including topical anesthetic agents and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Segraves
- Case School of Medicine, and MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA.
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50
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Until recently, premature ejaculation (PE) was believed to have a psychologic etiology requiring psychosexual therapy. Recognition of a neurobiologic component to the etiology of PE has since highlighted the need for diagnostic and management guidelines for this common sexual problem. One major medical organization-the American Urological Association (AUA)--has established such guidelines. In addition, the Second International Consultation on Sexual Dysfunctions (ICSD) in 2003 developed a set of recommendations for PE, as well as for other sexual dysfunctions. AIM To review the current guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of PE. METHODS The Sexual Medicine Society of North America hosted a State of the Art Conference on Premature Ejaculation on June 24-26, 2005 in collaboration with the University of South Florida. The purpose was to have an open exchange of contemporary research and clinical information on PE. There were 16 invited presenters and discussants; the group focused on several educational objectives. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Data from the AUA Guideline on the Pharmacologic Management of Premature Ejaculation and the Second ICSD. RESULTS Both documents emphasize the importance of a sexual history in diagnosing PE, and each of these two documents recognizes that diagnosis involves a shortened intravaginal latency time as well as patient reports of poor control over ejaculation and patient distress over the condition. CONCLUSIONS Condensed guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of PE are presented. Once diagnosis is suspected, optimal treatment regimens should be established utilizing randomized placebo-controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira D Sharlip
- Clinical Professor of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA.
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