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Shin YS, Sohn JH, Kim JY, Lee JH, Cho SH, Hong SJ, Lee JS, Hong CS, Park JW. Endotoxin is not essential for the development of cockroach induced allergic airway inflammation. Yonsei Med J 2012; 53:593-602. [PMID: 22477005 PMCID: PMC3343443 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2012.53.3.593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Cockroach (CR) is an important inhalant allergen and can induce allergic asthma. However, the mechanism by which CR induces airway allergic inflammation and the role of endotoxin in CR extract are not clearly understood in regards to the development of airway inflammation. In this study, we evaluated whether endotoxin is essential to the development of CR induced airway allergic inflammation in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Airway allergic inflammation was induced by intranasal administration of either CR extract, CR with additional endotoxin, or endotoxin depleted CR extract, respectively, in BALB/c wild type mice. CR induced inflammation was also evaluated with toll like receptor-4 (TLR-4) mutant (C3H/HeJ) and wild type (C3H/HeN) mice. RESULTS Intranasal administration of CR extracts significantly induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), eosinophilic and neutrophilic airway inflammation, as well as goblet cell hyperplasia in a dose-dependent manner. The addition of endotoxin along with CR allergen attenuated eosinophilic inflammation, interleukin (IL)-13 level, and goblet cell hyperplasia of respiratory epithelium; however, it did not affect the development of AHR. Endotoxin depletion in CR extract did not attenuate eosinophilic inflammation and lymphocytosis in BAL fluid, AHR and IL-13 expression in the lungs compared to CR alone. The attenuation of AHR, eosinophilic inflammation, and goblet cell hyperplasia induced by CR extract alone was not different between TLR-4 mutant and the wild type mice. In addition, heat inactivated CR extract administration induced attenuated AHR and eosinophilic inflammation. CONCLUSION Endotoxin in CR extracts may not be essential to the development of airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Seob Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seou, Korea
| | - Jung-Ho Sohn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seou, Korea
- Department of Life Science, Biomedical Research Institute, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo-Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seou, Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seou, Korea
| | - Sang-Heon Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Jong Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo-Shil Lee
- Center for Immunology and Pathology, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongwon, Korea
| | - Chein-Soo Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seou, Korea
| | - Jung-Won Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seou, Korea
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He S, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Wei J, Yang L, Yang H, Sun W, Zeng X, Yang P. Analysis of properties and proinflammatory functions of cockroach allergens Per a 1.01s. Scand J Immunol 2011; 74:288-295. [PMID: 21535080 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2011.02571.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cockroaches have been identified as one of the major indoor allergens inducing perennial rhinitis and asthma. Per a 1s are a group of the major allergens from American cockroach. Although Per a 1s are major allergens from American cockroach, factors contributing to the allergenicity of Per a 1s are still poorly defined. To investigate the effects of Per a 1s on the expression of PARs and the release of proinflammatory cytokines from mast cells. Per a 1.0101 and Per a 1.0104 were cloned from American cockroach and then expressed in Eschericia coli. The purified allergens were used to stimulate P815 mast cells, and the expression of protease-activated receptors (PARs) was determined by real-time RT-PCR and flow cytometry. The levels of IL-4 and IL-13 in culture media were detected with ELISA. Sera from 80 and 77.3% of cockroach allergy patients reacted to recombinant Per a (rPer a) 1.0101 and rPer a 1.0104, confirming they are major allergens. Both rPer a 1.0101 and rPer a 1.0104 had no enzymatic activity, but rPer a 1.0101 upregulated the expression of PAR-1 and PAR-2, and rPer a 1.0104 enhanced the expression of PAR-1 and PAR-4 proteins. Both recombinant allergens were able to increase the release of IL-4 and IL-13 from P815 mast cells. This is the first study aiming to investigate functions of group 1 allergens of American cockroach. rPer a 1.0101 and rPer a 1.0104 have the capacity to upregulate the expression of PARs and to enhance Th2 cytokine production in mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S He
- Clinical Research Centre, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, ChinaThe Key Immunopharmacology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Allergy and Inflammation Research Institute, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, ChinaDepartment of Pathophysiology, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan 571101, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaiyin, Jiangsu, 223300Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Z Zhang
- Clinical Research Centre, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, ChinaThe Key Immunopharmacology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Allergy and Inflammation Research Institute, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, ChinaDepartment of Pathophysiology, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan 571101, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaiyin, Jiangsu, 223300Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - H Zhang
- Clinical Research Centre, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, ChinaThe Key Immunopharmacology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Allergy and Inflammation Research Institute, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, ChinaDepartment of Pathophysiology, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan 571101, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaiyin, Jiangsu, 223300Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J Wei
- Clinical Research Centre, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, ChinaThe Key Immunopharmacology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Allergy and Inflammation Research Institute, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, ChinaDepartment of Pathophysiology, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan 571101, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaiyin, Jiangsu, 223300Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - L Yang
- Clinical Research Centre, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, ChinaThe Key Immunopharmacology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Allergy and Inflammation Research Institute, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, ChinaDepartment of Pathophysiology, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan 571101, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaiyin, Jiangsu, 223300Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - H Yang
- Clinical Research Centre, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, ChinaThe Key Immunopharmacology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Allergy and Inflammation Research Institute, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, ChinaDepartment of Pathophysiology, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan 571101, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaiyin, Jiangsu, 223300Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - W Sun
- Clinical Research Centre, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, ChinaThe Key Immunopharmacology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Allergy and Inflammation Research Institute, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, ChinaDepartment of Pathophysiology, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan 571101, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaiyin, Jiangsu, 223300Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - X Zeng
- Clinical Research Centre, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, ChinaThe Key Immunopharmacology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Allergy and Inflammation Research Institute, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, ChinaDepartment of Pathophysiology, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan 571101, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaiyin, Jiangsu, 223300Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - P Yang
- Clinical Research Centre, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, ChinaThe Key Immunopharmacology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Allergy and Inflammation Research Institute, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, ChinaDepartment of Pathophysiology, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan 571101, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaiyin, Jiangsu, 223300Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Wang XY, He ZC, Song LY, Spencer S, Yang LX, Peng F, Liu GM, Hu MH, Li HB, Wu XM, Zeng S, Hilgenfeld R, Stöckigt J, Zhao Y, Qian JF. Chemotherapeutic effects of bioassay-guided extracts of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana. Integr Cancer Ther 2011; 10:NP12-23. [PMID: 21733985 DOI: 10.1177/1534735411413467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The organic extract of Periplaneta americana L. (Dictyoptera; Blattidae) has been traditionally used in southwestern China as an alternative medicine against disorders such as hepatitis, trauma, gastric ulcers, burns, and heart disease. The present study describes bioassay-guided purification and chemotherapeutic evaluation of the 60% ethanolic fraction of P americana organic extracts (PAE60). The most effective cytotoxic fraction was determined by way of repeated in vitro screenings against 12 distinct cultured human carcinoma cell lines: Eca 109, BGC823, HO8910, LS174T, CNE, HeLa, K562, PC-3, A549, BEL 7404, HL-60, and KB, followed by in vivo antitumor assays of the lead fraction (PAE60). The complexity of enriched active fraction was qualitatively evaluated using thin layer chromatography. Reconstituted PAE60 was effective at inhibiting HL-60, KB, CNE, and BGC823 cell growth with IC(50) values <20 µg mL-(1). PAE60 reduced tumor growth in S180-bearing immunocompetent mice by 72.62% after 10 days following oral doses of 500 mg kg d-(1) compared with 78.75% inhibition following 40 mg kg d-(1) of cyclophosphamide (CTX). Thymus and spleen indices of S180-bearing mice treated with PAE60 were significantly greater (P < .05) than CTX treatment groups, suggesting potential immunomodulation of antitumor host defenses by PAE60. Antiviral activity was also investigated and PAE60 inhibited herpes simplex type-2 replication (IC(50) = 4.11 ± 0.64 µg mL-(1)) with a selectivity index (CC(50) to IC(50) ratio) of 64.84 in Vero cells but was less effective on type-1 virus (IC(50) of 25.6 ± 3.16 µg mL-(1)). These results support future clinical trials on P. americana as an alternative or complementary medicinal agent.
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Arruda LK, Vailes LD, Ferriani VP, Santos AB, Pomés A, Chapman MD. Cockroach allergens and asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001; 107:419-28. [PMID: 11240940 DOI: 10.1067/mai.2001.112854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Asthma and allergy are the most common diseases associated with cockroach infestation of houses in the United States and other parts of the world. Sensitization and exposure to cockroach allergens is associated with increased asthma morbidity in the United States, especially among lower socioeconomic groups, including African American and Hispanic populations. Exposure to cockroach allergens in the first 3 months of life has been associated with repeated wheezing and asthma. The principal domestic cockroach species are Blattella germanica and Periplaneta americana. Both species produce several potent allergens, including Bla g 2 (inactive aspartic proteinase), Bla g 4 (calycin), Bla g 5 (glutathione-S-transferase), the group 1 cross-reactive allergens Bla g 1 and Per a 1, and tropomyosin. Structural homology between tropomyosins from cockroaches, mites, and shrimp may explain clinical cases of the oral allergy syndrome. The 3-dimensional structures of several cockroach allergens are known, and biologically active recombinant allergens have been produced in high-level expression vectors. The use of recombinant cockroach allergens should allow mechanisms of cockroach-induced asthma to be investigated and may lead to the development of new approaches to asthma treatment. Environmental allergen measurements of Bla g 1 and Bla g 2 have allowed exposure levels that cause allergic sensitization to be established. Abatement studies have shown that a sustained decrease in cockroach allergen levels is difficult but can be accomplished by professional application of insecticides, together with rigorous household cleaning. Cockroach asthma is an important public health problem that affects patients who are the least likely to be compliant with treatment with asthma medications or environmental control. Patient education, improvements in the housing stock, and improvements in environmental and immunologic treatment strategies are likely to be the most successful approaches to reduce the prevalence of cockroach-induced asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- L K Arruda
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Molecular Biology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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