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Perrone C, Bozzano F, Dal Bello MG, Del Zotto G, Antonini F, Munari E, Maggi E, Moretta F, Farshchi AH, Pariscenti G, Tagliamento M, Genova C, Moretta L, De Maria A. CD34 +DNAM-1 brightCXCR4 + haemopoietic precursors circulate after chemotherapy, seed lung tissue and generate functional innate-like T cells and NK cells. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1332781. [PMID: 38390333 PMCID: PMC10881815 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1332781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background There is little information on the trajectory and developmental fate of Lin-CD34+DNAM-1bright CXCR4+ progenitors exiting bone marrow during systemic inflammation. Objective To study Lin-CD34+DNAM-1bright CXCR4+ cell circulation in cancer patients, to characterize their entry into involved lung tissue and to characterize their progenies. Methods Flow cytometric analysis of PBMC from 18 patients with lung cancer on samples collected immediately before the first and the second treatment was performed to study Lin-CD34+DNAM-1bright CXCR4+ precursors. Precursors were purified (>99%) and cultured in vitro from all patients. Paired PBMC and tissue samples from patients undergoing tumor resection were analyzed by flow cytometry to assess tissue entry and compare phenotype and developmental potential of Lin-CD34+DNAM-1bright CXCR4+ cells in both compartments. Results Significant circulation of Lin-CD34+DNAM-1bright CXCR4+ precursors was observed 20d after the first treatment. Precursors express CXC3CR1, CXCR3, CXCR1 consistent with travel towards inflamed tissues. Flowcytometric analysis of lung tissue samples showed precursor presence in all patients in tumor and neighboring uninvolved areas. Successful purification and in vitro culture from both blood and lung tissue generates a minor proportion of maturing NK cells (<10%) and a predominant proportion (>85%) of α/β T-progenies with innate-like phenotype expressing NKG2D,NKp30,DNAM-1. Innate-like maturing T-cells in vitro are cytotoxic, can be triggered via NKR/TCR co-stimulation and display broad spectrum Th1,Th2 and Th1/Th17 cytokine production. Conclusion In advanced stage lung cancer CD34+DNAM-1brightCXCR4+ inflammatory precursors increase upon treatment, enter involved tissues, generate functional progenies and may thus represent an additional player contributing to immune balance in the highly SDF-1/CXCR4-biased pro-metastatic tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Perrone
- Experimental Immunology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Federica Bozzano
- Laboratorio Diagnostico di Autoimmunologia, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Genny Del Zotto
- Integrated Department of Services and Laboratories, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Francesca Antonini
- Integrated Department of Services and Laboratories, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Enrico Munari
- Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Enrico Maggi
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Moretta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Gianluca Pariscenti
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Marco Tagliamento
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Carlo Genova
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea De Maria
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
- Infections of Immunocompromised Hosts Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
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Pant H, Hercus TR, Tumes DJ, Yip KH, Parker MW, Owczarek CM, Lopez AF, Huston DP. Translating the biology of β common receptor-engaging cytokines into clinical medicine. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 151:324-344. [PMID: 36424209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The family of cytokines that comprises IL-3, IL-5, and GM-CSF was discovered over 30 years ago, and their biological activities and resulting impact in clinical medicine has continued to expand ever since. Originally identified as bone marrow growth factors capable of acting on hemopoietic progenitor cells to induce their proliferation and differentiation into mature blood cells, these cytokines are also recognized as key mediators of inflammation and the pathobiology of diverse immunologic diseases. This increased understanding of the functional repertoire of IL-3, IL-5, and GM-CSF has led to an explosion of interest in modulating their functions for clinical management. Key to the successful clinical translation of this knowledge is the recognition that these cytokines act by engaging distinct dimeric receptors and that they share a common signaling subunit called β-common or βc. The structural determination of how IL-3, IL-5, and GM-CSF interact with their receptors and linking this to their differential biological functions on effector cells has unveiled new paradigms of cell signaling. This knowledge has paved the way for novel mAbs and other molecules as selective or pan inhibitors for use in different clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshita Pant
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Timothy R Hercus
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Damon J Tumes
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kwok Ho Yip
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Michael W Parker
- Bio 21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Angel F Lopez
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - David P Huston
- Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Houston, Tex; Houston Methodist Hospital and Research Institute, Houston, Tex.
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3
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Yao X, Liu X, Wang X, Zhang L. IL-25R + circulating fibrocytes are increased in asthma and correlate with fixed airflow limitation. Clin Respir J 2021; 15:1248-1256. [PMID: 34328707 DOI: 10.1111/crj.13433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Interleukin (IL)-25 is a T helper (Th) type-2 cytokine implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma. Fibrocytes are progenitor cells that can migrate into circulation and inflamed bronchial epithelium. OBJECTIVES We aim to test the hypothesis that circulating fibrocytes may be the novel cellular targets of IL-25 and the recruitment of IL-25R+ circulating fibrocytes may correlate with asthmatic airway obstruction. METHODS By using flow cytometry analysis, IL-25R+ fibrocytes (i.e., IL-17RB+ fibrocytes) in the freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 15 control subjects and 35 patients with asthma were enumerated and compared. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the plasma levels of IL-25. RESULTS We found the percentage of total and IL-25R+ (IL-17RB+ ) fibrocytes in PBMCs was significantly increased in patients with asthma when compared with control subjects. Subgroup analysis further showed that the percentage of circulating total and IL-25R+ fibrocytes in PBMCs was markedly increased in asthma patients with severe-to-very severe fixed airflow limitation. Furthermore, IL-25R+ circulating fibrocytes in asthma patients were shown to significantly correlate with forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity (FEV1 /FVC), FEV1 % predicted, blood eosinophils, serum IgE and plasma IL-25 levels. CONCLUSION We concluded that circulating fibrocytes are the novel potential cellular targets of IL-25. IL-25R+ fibrocytes are increased in asthma patients. Increased proportions of IL-25R+ fibrocytes predict a distinct asthma phenotype with fixed airflow limitation. Biological therapy-targeting IL-25-fibrocytes axis may offer great promise for the control of asthma patients with severe airway remodelling and obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Yao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Luo Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
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Salter BM, Ju X, Sehmi R. Eosinophil Lineage-Committed Progenitors as a Therapeutic Target for Asthma. Cells 2021; 10:412. [PMID: 33669458 PMCID: PMC7920418 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophilic asthma is the most prevalent phenotype of asthma. Although most asthmatics are adequately controlled by corticosteroid therapy, a subset (5-10%) remain uncontrolled with significant therapy-related side effects. This indicates the need for a consideration of alternative treatment strategies that target airway eosinophilia with corticosteroid-sparing benefits. A growing body of evidence shows that a balance between systemic differentiation and local tissue eosinophilopoietic processes driven by traffic and lung homing of bone marrow-derived hemopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) are important components for the development of airway eosinophilia in asthma. Interleukin (IL)-5 is considered a critical and selective driver of terminal differentiation of eosinophils. Studies targeting IL-5 or IL-5R show that although mature and immature eosinophils are decreased within the airways, there is incomplete ablation, particularly within the bronchial tissue. Eotaxin is a chemoattractant for mature eosinophils and eosinophil-lineage committed progenitor cells (EoP), yet anti-CCR3 studies did not yield meaningful clinical outcomes. Recent studies highlight the role of epithelial cell-derived alarmin cytokines, IL-33 and TSLP, (Thymic stromal lymphopoietin) in progenitor cell traffic and local differentiative processes. This review provides an overview of the role of EoP in asthma and discusses findings from clinical trials with various therapeutic targets. We will show that targeting single mediators downstream of the inflammatory cascade may not fully attenuate tissue eosinophilia due to the multiplicity of factors that can promote tissue eosinophilia. Blocking lung homing and local eosinophilopoiesis through mediators upstream of this cascade may yield greater improvement in clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roma Sehmi
- CardioRespiratory Research Group, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (B.M.S.); (X.J.)
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Hörnig F, Kohajda T, Röder S, Herberth G, von Bergen M, Borte M, Diez U, Rolle-Kampczyk U, Simon JC, Denburg JA, Lehmann I, Junge KM. The LINA Study: Higher Sensitivity of Infant Compared to Maternal Eosinophil/Basophil Progenitors to Indoor Chemical Exposures. J Environ Public Health. 2016;2016:5293932. [PMID: 27313631 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5293932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. Enhanced eosinophil/basophil (Eo/B) progenitor cell levels are known to be associated with allergic inflammation and atopy risk. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of different indoor exposures on the recruitment and differentiation of Eo/B progenitors in mother-child pairs. Methods. In 68 mother-child pairs of the LINA study peripheral blood mononuclear cells were used to assess Eo/B colony forming units (CFUs). Information about disease outcomes and indoor exposures was obtained from questionnaires. Indoor concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured by passive sampling. Results. Infant's Eo/B CFUs were positively associated with exposure to tobacco smoke, disinfectants, or VOCs. In contrast, for maternal Eo/B CFUs, only a few associations were seen. Higher numbers of infant Eo/B CFUs were observed in children with wheezing symptoms within the second year of life. Conclusions. We demonstrate that infant's hematopoietic cells seem to respond with more sensitivity to environmental exposure compared to maternal cells. At least in infants, an activation of these hematopoietic cells by environmental exposure could contribute to an enhanced risk for the development of respiratory outcomes.
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Kaddah S, Selim S, Rashed L, Noaman M. Circulating fibrocytes are an indicator of severity and exacerbation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Egyptian Journal of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcdt.2014.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Lee MH, Choi JW, Jang WR, Kim JM, Kim JH. Activation of eosinophils is more closely linked with interleukin-5 and nitric oxide production than tumor necrosis factor-α and immunoglobulin E levels. Acta Haematol 2013; 130:238-41. [PMID: 23860462 DOI: 10.1159/000350474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moon Hee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
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Weisse K, Lehmann I, Heroux D, Kohajda T, Herberth G, Röder S, von Bergen M, Borte M, Denburg J. The LINA cohort: indoor chemical exposure, circulating eosinophil/basophil (Eo/B) progenitors and early life skin manifestations. Clin Exp Allergy 2012; 42:1337-46. [PMID: 22925320 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2012.04024.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hematopoietic progenitor cells, especially those committed to the Eo/B lineage, are known to contribute to allergic inflammation. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate whether environmental factors are associated with changes in numbers of circulating Eo/B progenitors at 1 year of age. METHODS Peripheral blood from 60 1-year-old children enrolled in the LINA (Lifestyle and environmental factors and their Influence on Newborns Allergy risk) birth cohort was assessed for Eo/B progenitor cells (Eo/B CFU) using standardized and validated methylcellulose assays. Frozen peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were cultured in the presence of IL-3, IL-5 or GM-CSF, and Eo/B CFUs enumerated. Clinical outcomes and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) were documented by standardized questionnaires, and indoor volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations were assessed by passive sampling. RESULTS Children with skin manifestations (atopic dermatitis or cradle cap) within the first year of life had higher numbers of circulating IL-3-, IL-5- or GM-CSF-stimulated Eo/B CFUs (P < 0.05) at 1 year. In children with cradle cap, a positive correlation was found between Eo/B CFUs and exposure to ETS-related VOCs during pregnancy or at 1 year of age (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE This is the first demonstration that environmental exposures are positively associated with levels of circulating Eo/B progenitors. The recruitment and differentiation of Eo/B progenitors in response to environmental triggers may play a role in the development of skin manifestations during the first year of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Weisse
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
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9
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Wang CH, Huang CD, Lin HC, Huang TT, Lee KY, Lo YL, Lin SM, Chung KF, Kuo HP. Increased activation of fibrocytes in patients with chronic obstructive asthma through an epidermal growth factor receptor–dependent pathway. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 129:1367-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2011] [Revised: 01/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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10
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Abstract
Progenitor cells play important roles in the physiology and homeostasis of the overall hemopoietic system. The majority of hemopoietic activity takes place in the bone marrow, under the influence of resident marrow stromal cells, accessory cells, and/or their products. This constitutes the complex network of the hemopoietic inductive microenvironment, which is crucial for providing signals necessary for the maintenance of populations of progenitors at varying stages of lineage commitment. Accumulation of eosinophils and basophils in tissues is characteristic of allergic inflammation. A large body of evidence now exists which confirms that these tissue inflammatory events are coincident with relevant changes in progenitors; it has thus been hypothesized that the observed changes in mature cell numbers occur directly or indirectly as a result of differentiation of lineage-committed eosinophil/basophil, and perhaps other, progenitor cells. Differentiation and maturation of hemopoietic cells have traditionally been thought to be restricted to the bone marrow microenvironment. More recently, evidence has accumulated to suggest that some hemopoietic cells present in allergic tissue may be recruited from the bone marrow, traffic through the peripheral circulation and into tissues to participate in the ongoing inflammatory process at these distal sites. The clinical administration of monotherapy with topical corticosteroids, oral cysteinyl leukotriene antagonists and cytokine antagonists such as antibodies to interleukin-5, suggest that suppression of hemopoietic contributions to allergic inflammation may be necessary for full control of allergic inflammation and disease manifestations. In addition to progenitors being targets of therapy, they may well determine how and whether allergic inflammation is generated in early life, thus serving as biomarkers of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail M Gauvreau
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada.
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Makowska JS, Grzegorczyk J, Ciéslak M, Biénkiewicz B, Kowalski ML. Recruitment of CD34+ progenitor cells into peripheral blood and asthma severity. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2008; 101:402-6. [PMID: 18939729 DOI: 10.1016/s1081-1206(10)60317-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested that the number of progenitor cells is elevated in the peripheral blood of asthmatic patients and that the number of progenitors correlate with the severity of the disease. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the number of leukocyte progenitor and eosinophil progenitor cells in the peripheral blood of patients with bronchial asthma in relation to disease severity. METHODS The study involved 51 patients with asthma (25 patients with a mild form and 26 with a severe form of the disease) and a group of 12 healthy controls. Using the flow cytometric method, leukocyte (CD34+ leukocytes) and eosinophil progenitors (CD34+CD125+) were detected in the peripheral blood of both asthmatic patients and healthy controls. RESULTS Patients with asthma had significantly more leukocyte progenitor cells (median, 0.06% vs 0.016%) and eosinophil progenitor cells (median, 0.046% vs 0.004%) compared with the controls. Patients with severe asthma had more leukocyte progenitor cells (0.12% vs 0.035%) and more eosinophil progenitor cells (0.102% vs 0.019%) than patients with mild asthma. The number of circulating leukocyte and eosinophil progenitor cells inversely correlated with the forced expiratory volume in 1 second percentage of predicted value (r = -0.4 and r = -0.35, respectively) and positively correlated (r = 0.63 and r = 0.65, respectively) with the dose of inhaled steroids used to control asthma. CONCLUSION These data suggest that the presence of leukocyte precursors and eosinophil progenitor cells in the peripheral blood of asthmatic patients may reflect ongoing airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna S Makowska
- Department of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Wang CH, Huang CD, Lin HC, Lee KY, Lin SM, Liu CY, Huang KH, Ko YS, Chung KF, Kuo HP. Increased Circulating Fibrocytes in Asthma with Chronic Airflow Obstruction. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008; 178:583-91. [DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200710-1557oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Keskin O, Tuncer A, Yildirim S, Bursali B, Adalioglu G, Sekerel BE. Does specific immunotherapy injection cause an increase in bronchial reactivity? J Asthma 2006; 42:765-8. [PMID: 16316871 DOI: 10.1080/02770900500308213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several well-controlled studies have proven the clinical benefit of specific immunotherapy (SIT) for seasonal allergic rhinitis (AR). However, whether subcutaneous SIT injection could cause a transient increase in bronchial reactivity (BR) remains unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether subcutaneous SIT injection, either during or outside the pollen season, could cause an increase in BR in children with pollen allergy. METHODS Twenty-two children (mean age 13.6 +/- 0.7 years) with AR who were receiving maintenance SIT for 15 months were included in the study. Pre-injection BR of the patients was evaluated with methacholine provocation test immediately before maintenance dose of SIT during the peak pollen season and outside the season. The post-injection test was administered 24 hours after SIT injection. RESULTS There was no difference in FEV1 measures recorded during [98(93-109)%] and outside [102(96-111)%] the pollen season. There was no significant difference between pre- [64(7-64) mg/mL] and post-allergen injection [32(7.5-64) mg/mL] BR outside the pollen season (p = 0.9). A trend towards improvement following allergen injection [64(5.4-64)] as compared to pre-allergen injection [14.6(3.5-64)] was shown during the pollen season (p = 0.053). Although PC20 measures in the pollen season were lower than outside the season, the difference was not significant. The percentage of the patients with bronchial hyperreactivity was 62% during and 43% outside the season. CONCLUSION SIT injections both during and outside the pollen season cause no increase in BR in children with AR. This calls into question the necessity of empirical dose reduction during the pollen season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Keskin
- Pediatric Allergy and Asthma Unit, Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Abstract
Even since the late 19th century, a relationship has been suspected between upper airway disease and the subsequent development or aggravation of asthma symptoms. To date, it has been generally accepted that pathologic conditions of the upper airways, e.g. allergic rhinitis, chronic sinusitis and nasal polyposis, may influence the lower airways. However, the mechanisms underlying this relationship were, for a long time, poorly understood. Recently, evidence has been accumulating which indicates a systemic connection as one of the responsible mechanisms in nasobronchial crosstalk. In this review, the pathophysiologic and immunologic aspects of the interaction between upper and lower airways will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G-J Braunstahl
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Wang CH, Lin HC, Lin CH, Yu CT, Liu SL, Huang KH, Chung KF, Kuo HP. Effect of theophylline and specific phosphodiesterase IV inhibition on proliferation and apoptosis of progenitor cells in bronchial asthma. Br J Pharmacol 2003; 138:1147-55. [PMID: 12684271 PMCID: PMC1573747 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0705131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
1. Theophylline possesses anti-inflammatory activities in asthma. We examined whether theophylline and agents that modulate cyclic AMP can determine the survival and proliferation of progenitor cells. 2. Progenitor cells from the blood of normal and asthmatic subjects were cultured for 14 days in methylcellulose with GM-CSF, stem cell factor, IL-3 and IL-5. Apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry of propidium-iodide-stained cells. 3. A greater number of colonies with a higher proportion of cells of eosinophil lineage from asthmatics compared to normal subjects were grown. Theophylline (at 5 and 20 micro g ml(-1)) significantly inhibited colony formation and increased apoptotic cells in asthmatics compared to control. Salbutamol (0.1, 1, 10 micro M), dibutyryl-cAMP (0.1, 1 mM) and rolipram (0.1, 1 mM), a phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor, also dose-dependently decreased colony numbers and increased apoptosis of progenitor cells from asthmatics. 4. There was no significant effect of theophylline, db-cAMP, salbutamol or rolipram on colony formation or the survival of progenitor cells from normal subjects. AMP did not affect the colony formation and apoptosis. Expression of Bcl-2 protein on progenitor cells of asthma was downregulated by theophylline, salbutamol, db-cAMP and rolipram. 5. Theophylline and rolipram decreased colony formation committed to the eosinophil lineage, together with an increase in apoptosis through an inhibition of Bcl-2 expression effects that may occur through cAMP. The anti-inflammatory properties of theophylline include an inhibition of circulating progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hua Wang
- Department of Thoracic Medicine II, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Chyuan Lin
- Department of Thoracic Medicine II, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Huang Lin
- School of Respiratory Therapy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Teng Yu
- Department of Thoracic Medicine II, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Su-Ling Liu
- Department of Thoracic Medicine II, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Huang
- Department of Thoracic Medicine II, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College School of Medicine & Royal Brompton Hospital, London
| | - Han-Pin Kuo
- Department of Thoracic Medicine II, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Author for correspondence:
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Braunstahl GJ, Prins JB, KleinJan A, Overbeek SE, Hoogsteden HC, Fokkens WJ. Nose and lung cross-talk in allergic airways disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1472-9725.2003.00060.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kuo HP, Wang CH, Lin HC, Hwang KS, Liu SL, Chung KF. Interleukin-5 in growth and differentiation of blood eosinophil progenitors in asthma: effect of glucocorticoids. Br J Pharmacol 2001; 134:1539-47. [PMID: 11724761 PMCID: PMC1573080 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0704389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
1. There are increased numbers of circulating CD34(+) progenitor cells for eosinophils in patients with atopic asthma, with a further increase following allergen exposure or spontaneous worsening of asthma. We investigated the expression of IL-5 and IL-5Ralpha receptor in circulating CD34(+) progenitor cells in allergic asthmatics and the effects of corticosteroids. 2. Using double-staining techniques, up to 50% of CD34(+) cells expressed intracellular IL-5, and by RT - PCR, there was significant expression of IL-5 mRNA. When cultured in a semi-liquid methylcellulose medium, there were more eosinophil colony-forming units grown from asthmatic non-adherent mononuclear cell depleted of T cells in the presence of the growth factors GM-CSF, SCF and IL-3, but not of IL-5. 3. An anti-IL-5Ralpha receptor antibody and an anti-sense IL-5 oligonucleotide reduced the number of eosinophil colony forming units. No IL-5 mRNA or protein expression on T cells was observed in asthmatics or normal subjects. In the presence of growth factors including IL-5, there were significantly greater colony numbers with eosinophilic lineage grown from either asthmatics or normal subjects. 4. Dexamethasone (10(-6) M) suppressed IL-5 mRNA and protein expression in CD34(+) cells, and reduced eosinophil colony-forming units in asthmatics, but not in normal subjects. Dexamethasone did not change the expression of IL-5Ralpha on CD34(+) cells. 5. We conclude that there is increased expression of IL-5 on blood CD34(+) cells of patients with asthma and that this expression may auto-regulate eosinophilic colony formation from these progenitor cells. Corticosteroids inhibit the expression of IL-5 in circulating CD34(+) progenitor cells.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antigens, CD34/immunology
- Asthma/pathology
- Asthma/physiopathology
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Division/drug effects
- DNA, Antisense/pharmacology
- Dexamethasone/pharmacology
- Eosinophils/cytology
- Eosinophils/drug effects
- Eosinophils/immunology
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Glucocorticoids/pharmacology
- Humans
- Interleukin-5/genetics
- Interleukin-5/pharmacology
- Interleukin-5/physiology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Male
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Interleukin/immunology
- Receptors, Interleukin-5
- Stem Cells/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Pin Kuo
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hua Wang
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Chyuan Lin
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Shiung Hwang
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Liang Liu
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College, London
- Author for correspondence:
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Stirling RG, van Rensen EL, Barnes PJ, Chung KF. Interleukin-5 induces CD34(+) eosinophil progenitor mobilization and eosinophil CCR3 expression in asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 164:1403-9. [PMID: 11704586 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.164.8.2010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is characterized by the accumulation of activated T cells and eosinophils within the airway. Eosinophils derive from CD34(+) bone marrow progenitor cells under the influence of hematopoietic growth factors, subsequently migrating to the airways under the cooperative influence of interleukin (IL)-5 and chemokines, including eotaxin. We compared the relative effects of systemic versus local IL-5 on progenitor-cell mobilization and mature eosinophil phenotype by using flow cytometry, following the administration of intravenous (2 microg) or inhaled (15 microg) IL-5 to nine patients with mild asthma. Intravenous IL-5 induced a rapid reduction in circulating eosinophil counts followed by prolonged blood eosinophilia. Both intravenous (p < 0.002) and inhaled (p < 0.05) IL-5 significantly increased CD34(+)/CD45(+) lymphoblastoid eosinophil progenitors. Intravenous IL-5 increased mature eosinophil CCR3 expression from a baseline mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of 658 +/- 51.7 to 995 +/- 93.2 at 24 h (p < 0.05), but had no effect on interleukin-5 receptor subunit alpha or CD11b expression. Lymphocyte CCR3 MFI was increased by intravenous IL-5 from 38.5 +/- 13.6 at baseline to 73.6 +/- 14.3 at 24 h (p < 0.05). Systemic IL-5 increased circulating eosinophil progenitors, suggesting a key role for systemic IL-5 in eosinophil mobilization. Further, IL-5 causes terminal maturation of the eosinophil by increasing CCR3 expression, potentially affecting CCR3-dependent chemotaxis by eosinophils and lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Stirling
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the last two decades the incidence of allergic diseases has increased in industrialized countries, and consequently new approaches have to be explored. OBJECTIVE The potential of probiotics to control allergic inflammation at an early age was assessed in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. METHODS A total of 27 infants, mean age 4.6 months, who manifested atopic eczema during exclusive breast-feeding and who have had no exposure to any infant or substitute formula were weaned to probiotic-supplemented, Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12 or Lactobacillus strain GG (ATCC 53103), extensively hydrolysed whey formulas or to the same formula without probiotics. The extent and severity of atopic eczema, the growth and nutrition of infants, and concentrations of circulating cytokines/chemokines and soluble cell surface adhesion molecules in serum and methyl-histamine and eosinophilic protein X in urine were determined. RESULTS The SCORAD score reflecting the extent and severity of atopic eczema was 16 (7-25) during breast-feeding, median (interquartile range). After 2 months, a significant improvement in skin condition occurred in patients given probiotic-supplemented formulas, as compared to the unsupplemented group; chi(2) = 12.27, P = 0.002. SCORAD decreased in the Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12 group to 0 (0-3.8), and in the Lactobacillus GG group to 1 (0.1-8.7), vs unsupplemented 13.4 (4.5-18.2), median (interquartile range), in parallel with a reduction in the concentration of soluble CD4 in serum and eosinophilic protein X in urine. CONCLUSION The results provide the first clinical demonstration of specific probiotic strains modifying the changes related to allergic inflammation. The data further indicate that probiotics may counteract inflammatory responses beyond the intestinal milieu. The combined effects of these probiotic strains will guide infants through the weaning period, when sensitization to newly encountered antigens is initiated. The probiotic approach may thus offer a new direction in the search for future foods for allergy treatment and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Isolauri
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Turku, Finland
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