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Manta MW, da Silva EP, Feltrin SR, Prante AL, Aires KDV, de Andrade LG, da Silva AP, Amaral CDS, Wink LM, Portela VM, Antoniazzi AQ. Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (hCG) induces changes in IFN-pathway and Interferon-Stimulated Genes (ISGs) on the bovine endometrium at Day 18 of pregnancy. Anim Reprod 2024; 21:e20230130. [PMID: 38562608 PMCID: PMC10984569 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2023-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that the hCG modulates the expression of IFNT-pathway and ISGs in bovine endometrium during early pregnancy. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the effect of hCG on IFNT-pathway signals and ISGs expression in endometrial cells. For this, 29 non-lactating cross-bread cows were used in the study and submitted to a 9-day fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) protocol. The day of the AI was considered Day 0 (D0), and five days (D5) after the FTAI, the cows were allocated into two groups: Control and hCG group, when a hCG group received a single dose of 2.500UI of hCG. On day 18 after FTAI (D18) cows were slaughtered and endometrial tissue samples were collected. There was no difference between the embryo recovery rate of the cows in C compared to the hCG. The hCG group increased the accessory corpus luteum formation rate. The hCG resulted in greater serum progesterone concentration in the hCG group compared to the C on Day 14. Only the expression of IFNAR2 and STAT1 were upregulated on pregnant cows of the hCG group compared to the C group. The pathway genes (JAK1, STAT2, and IRF9) were not regulated. The mRNA abundance of ISG15, MX1, MX2, and OAS1 was upregulated in pregnant cows for hCG group, compared to C group. The results show that the administration of hCG, 5 days after AI, in addition to increasing the serum progesterone, modulates the expression of IFNT-pathway and ISGs on bovine endometrium on Day 18 of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Wolker Manta
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Eduardo Pradebon da Silva
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Suzana Rossato Feltrin
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Amanda Luiza Prante
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Karine de Vargas Aires
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Leonardo Guedes de Andrade
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Ana Paula da Silva
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Carolina dos Santos Amaral
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | | | - Valério Marques Portela
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Alfredo Quites Antoniazzi
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
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Alkan H, Tekindal MA, Demirel MA, Soyturk BI, Golbasi M, Deniz YE, Satilmis F, Alkan KK. Effect of strategies to increase progesterone levels on fertility of bovine embryo transfer recipients - A meta-analysis. Theriogenology 2024; 215:177-186. [PMID: 38086311 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The pregnancy rate following embryo transfer (ET) is a very important factor in the success of embryo production programs. Different strategies were therefore developed to increase pregnancy rates. The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the effects of hormone treatments used to increase the success of embryo transfer programs on pregnancy rates. A meta-analysis was performed of 46 trials from 39 publications involving treated (n = 7856) and control (n = 6663) cattle. The meta-analysis explained the effect size with its 95 % confidence interval (CI) for pregnancy per embryo transfer (P/ET) after hormonal treatment under different moderators. Hormonal support was found to increase P/ET compared to the control group (P < 0.05). However, GnRH treatment was found to increase P/ET by approximately 4.3 % and hCG treatment by 8.0 %. Progesterone supplementation was not found to have a statistically significant effect on P/ET. In addition, GnRH treatment significantly increased P/ET when used to transfer in vitro or frozen-thawed embryos or in studies using cows as recipients. It was observed that hCG treatment had a positive effect on P/ET according to all moderators. Progesterone supplementation significantly increased P/ET when frozen embryos were transferred and reduced P/ET, especially in publications where fresh or in vitro produced embryos were transferred or cows were used as recipients. The results of this meta-analysis showed that the use of GnRH, and hCG, in bovine embryo transfer programs increased P/ET, whereas the use of progesterone had no effect on P/ET. However, it was found that P/ET could increase/decrease depending on the moderator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Alkan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Agah Tekindal
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir Katip Çelebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Akif Demirel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Berrak Isik Soyturk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Maide Golbasi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Yunus Emre Deniz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Fatma Satilmis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Kubra Karakas Alkan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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Piotrowska-Tomala KK, Jonczyk AW, Szóstek-Mioduchowska AZ, Żebrowska E, Ferreira-Dias G, Skarzynski DJ. The Effects of Prostaglandin E2 Treatment on the Secretory Function of Mare Corpus Luteum Depends on the Site of Application: An in vivo Study. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:753796. [PMID: 35242830 PMCID: PMC8885592 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.753796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the effect of prostaglandin (PG) E2 on the secretory function of equine corpus luteum (CL), according to the application site: intra-CL injection vs. an intrauterine (intra-U) administration. Moreover, the effect of intra-CL injection vs. intra-U administration of both luteotropic factors: PGE2 and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) as a positive control, on CL function was additionally compared. Mares were assigned to the groups (n = 6 per group): (1) an intra-CL saline injection (control); (2) an intra-CL injection of PGE2 (5 mg/ml); (3) an intra-CL injection of hCG (1,500 IU/ml); (4) an intra-U saline administration (control); (5) an intra-U administration of PGE2 (5 mg/5 ml); (6) an intra-U administration of hCG (1,500 IU/5 ml). Progesterone (P4) and PGE2 concentrations were measured in blood plasma samples collected at −2, −1, and 0 (pre-treatment), and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 24 h after treatments. Moreover, effects of different doses of PGE2 application on the concentration of total PGF2α (PGF2α and its main metabolite 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2α– PGFM) was determined. The time point of PGE2, hCG, or saline administration was defined as hour “0” of the experiment. An intra-CL injection of PGE2 increased P4 and PGE2 concentrations between 3 and 4 h or at 3 and 12 h, respectively (p < 0.05). While intra-U administration of PGE2 elevated P4 concentrations between 8 and 24 h, PGE2 was upregulated at 1 h and between 3 and 4 h (p < 0.05). An intra-CL injection of hCG increased P4 concentrations at 1, 6, and 12 h (p < 0.05), while its intra-U administration enhanced P4 and PGE2 concentrations between 1 and 12 h or at 3 h and between 6 and 10 h, respectively (p < 0.05). An application of PGE2, dependently on the dose, supports equine CL function, regardless of the application site, consequently leading to differences in both P4 and PGE2 concentrations in blood plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna K. Piotrowska-Tomala
- Department Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Agnieszka W. Jonczyk
- Department Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Anna Z. Szóstek-Mioduchowska
- Department Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Ewelina Żebrowska
- Department Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Graca Ferreira-Dias
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, CIISA - Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Dariusz J. Skarzynski
- Department Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
- *Correspondence: Dariusz J. Skarzynski
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Vázquez-Mosquera JM, Fernández-Novo A, Bonet-Bo M, Pérez-Villalobos N, Pesántez-Pacheco JL, Pérez-Solana ML, de Mercado E, Gardón JC, Villagrá A, Sebastián F, Pérez-Garnelo SS, Martínez D, Astiz S. MOET Efficiency in a Spanish Herd of Japanese Black Heifers and Analysis of Environmental and Metabolic Determinants. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:225. [PMID: 35205092 PMCID: PMC8869101 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET) systems have been intensively implemented in Japanese Black cattle in Japan and to create Japanese Black herds out of these areas. Environmental conditions influence MOET efficiency. Thus, we describe results of 137 in vivo, non-surgical embryo flushings performed between 2016-2020, in a full-blood Japanese Black herd kept in Spain and the possible effects of heat, year, bull, donor genetic value, and metabolic condition. Additionally, 687 embryo transfers were studied for conception rate (CR) and recipient related factors. A total of 71.3% of viable embryos (724/1015) were obtained (5.3 ± 4.34/flushing). Donor metabolites did not affect embryo production (p > 0.1), although metabolite differences were observed over the years, and by flushing order, probably related to the donor age. CR was not affected by embryo type (fresh vs. frozen), recipient breed, and whether suckling or not suckling (p > 0.1). CR decreased significantly with heat (44.3 vs. 49.2%; (p = 0.042)) and numerically increased with recipient parity and ET-number. Pregnant recipients showed significantly higher levels of cholesterol-related metabolites, glucose, and urea (p < 0.05). Therefore, adequate MOET efficiency can be achieved under these conditions, and heat stress should be strongly avoided during Japanese Black embryo transfers. Moreover, recipients' metabolites are important to achieve pregnancy, being probably related to better nutrient availability during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M. Vázquez-Mosquera
- Medicine and Surgery Department, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Puerta de Hierro Avenue s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Aitor Fernández-Novo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, C/Tajo s/n, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain; (A.F.-N.); (N.P.-V.)
| | - Martin Bonet-Bo
- Embriovet SL, Polígono Industrial de Piadela II-8, A Coruña, 15300 Betanzos, Spain; (M.B.-B.); (D.M.)
| | - Natividad Pérez-Villalobos
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, C/Tajo s/n, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain; (A.F.-N.); (N.P.-V.)
| | - Jose L. Pesántez-Pacheco
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, University of Cuenca, Av. Doce de Octubre, Cuenca 010220, Ecuador;
| | - Maria Luz Pérez-Solana
- Animal Reproduction Department, National Institute of Agronomic Research (INIA-CSIC), Puerta de Hierro Avenue s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.P.-S.); (E.d.M.); (S.S.P.-G.)
| | - Eduardo de Mercado
- Animal Reproduction Department, National Institute of Agronomic Research (INIA-CSIC), Puerta de Hierro Avenue s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.P.-S.); (E.d.M.); (S.S.P.-G.)
| | - Juan Carlos Gardón
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary and Experimental Sciences School, Catholic University of Valencia-San Vicente Mártir, Guillem de Castro, 94, 46001 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Arantxa Villagrá
- Institut Valencià d’Investigacions Agràries (IVIA), CV-315, Km, 10700 Valencia, Spain;
| | | | - Sonia Salomé Pérez-Garnelo
- Animal Reproduction Department, National Institute of Agronomic Research (INIA-CSIC), Puerta de Hierro Avenue s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.P.-S.); (E.d.M.); (S.S.P.-G.)
| | - Daniel Martínez
- Embriovet SL, Polígono Industrial de Piadela II-8, A Coruña, 15300 Betanzos, Spain; (M.B.-B.); (D.M.)
| | - Susana Astiz
- Animal Reproduction Department, National Institute of Agronomic Research (INIA-CSIC), Puerta de Hierro Avenue s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.P.-S.); (E.d.M.); (S.S.P.-G.)
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Gallelli MF, Bianchi C, Zampini E, Bertuzzi M, Aba M, Neild D, Miragaya M. Effect of hCG administration on Day 7 post-mating on accessory corpus luteum development and progesterone concentration in llamas. Theriogenology 2021; 180:154-160. [PMID: 34973647 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A high embryo loss rate has been reported in llamas. As strategies that lead to an increase in plasma progesterone (P4) concentration might improve fertility, the aim of the present study was to evaluate if the administration of hCG on Day 7 post-mating is useful to develop an accessory corpus luteum (CL), increasing plasma P4 concentration. Twenty (n = 20) female llamas, ranging between 5 and 10 years of age and four (n = 4) males of proven fertility, ranging between 8 and 10 years of age were included in the study. Accessory CL developed in all treated llamas after hCG administration and plasma P4 concentration was significantly greater in treated than in control females (P˂0.0001). The diameter and vascularization of the original CL were not affected by treatment in pregnant llamas. However, in treated non-pregnant llamas, corpus luteum diameter was greater than in the control group from Day 14 post-mating until the end of the study (P˂0.001). In treated llamas, the accessory CL was detected throughout the study in pregnant and non-pregnant females, but its vascularization started to decrease around Day 16 post-mating in non-pregnant animals (P˂0.05). In conclusion, hCG treatment on Day 7 post mating was useful to induce an accessory CL and increase plasma P4 concentration in llamas. Thus, this treatment could be considered as a useful strategy to improve pregnancy rates in llama herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Florencia Gallelli
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Carolina Bianchi
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Endocrinología, CIVETAN, Fac. de Cs. Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Enzo Zampini
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Bertuzzi
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Aba
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología, CIVETAN, Fac. de Cs. Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Deborah Neild
- Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Miragaya
- Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Hazano K, Miki T, Goto A, Kayano M, Haneda S, Van Bui D, Miura R, Matsui M. Effects of the formation and regression of accessory corpus lutea during pregnancy on plasma progesterone concentration and pregnancy status in cross-bred beef heifers. Anim Reprod Sci 2021; 232:106825. [PMID: 34418612 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2021.106825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
There was examination of effects of accessory corpus lutea (CLs) formation and regression during pregnancy on circulating progesterone (P4) concentrations and pregnancy maintenance in beef heifers. Heifers (Experiment 1, n = 75; Experiment 2, n = 496) were randomly assigned to either a human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) treatment or untreated group 5 days post-estrus, followed by embryo transfer (ET) on Days 6-8 (Day 0 = Estrus). In Experiment 1, blood samples were collected from pregnant heifers on Days 33, 40, and 47 for conducting P4 assays. Plasma P4 concentrations were greater in hCG-treated heifers than in untreated heifers on Day 33. In hCG-treated heifers with accessory CL regression between Days 33 and 47, plasma P4 decreased to concentrations similar to those of untreated heifers after Day 40. In hCG-treated pregnant heifers in Experiment 2, CL regression by Day 50 of gestation was more frequent when CLs were contralateral (49.3 %) rather than ipsilateral (4.4 %, P < 0.001) to the original CL. The hCG treatment resulted in a greater pregnancy percentages on Days 30 (80.5 % and 68.6 %, P = 0.002) and 50 (76.2 % and 65.3 %, P = 0.007) compared with untreated heifers. There, however, were no differences in either pregnancy percentages on Days 30 and 50 or pregnancy losses between hCG-treated heifers with ipsilateral and contralateral accessory CLs. These results indicate accessory CL formation improves pregnancy percentages resulting from ET. Furthermore, plasma P4 decreases associated with accessory CL regression does not affect pregnancy loss in beef heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Hazano
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, 080-8555, Japan
| | | | - Akira Goto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Kayano
- Research Center for Global Agromedicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Shingo Haneda
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Dung Van Bui
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, 080-8555, Japan; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy Town, Gia Lam District, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Ryotaro Miura
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan
| | - Motozumi Matsui
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, 080-8555, Japan.
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Hazano K, Haneda S, Kayano M, Miura R, Matsui M. Effects of hCG administration on corpus luteum development and plasma sex steroid hormone concentration in beef heifers differ according to the locational relationships of the original corpus luteum and the first-wave dominant follicle. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:1219-1225. [PMID: 32581156 PMCID: PMC7468056 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to compare the effects of an intramuscular human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration on corpus luteum (CL) development, plasma progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2) concentration in ipsilateral (first-wave dominant follicle [W1DF] in the same ovary as the CL) and contralateral (W1DF and CL in opposite ovaries) cattle. Cross-bred beef heifers (Holstein × Japanese black, n=83) with synchronized ovulation were randomly assigned to either treatment with 1,500 IU hCG or no treatment on day 5 post-ovulation and were subdivided into ipsilateral (hCG treatment, n=21; no treatment, n=23) or contralateral (hCG treatment, n=17; no treatment, n=17) groups. Five heifers were excluded from the study, as they presented with double ovulation in response to hCG treatment. The effects of hCG treatment, location (ipsilateral and contralateral), and the number of days post-ovulation (days 5, 7, and 14) were analyzed using three-way ANOVA. hCG treatment significantly increased CL diameter on day 7 and plasma P4 concentration on days 7 and 14 in the contralateral group, but not the ipsilateral group. In contrast, hCG treatment decreased plasma E2 concentration on days 7 and 14 in both groups. In summary, our results indicate that the hCG treatment more significantly promoted CL development and increased plasma P4 concentration in the contralateral than in the ipsilateral group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Hazano
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan
| | - Shingo Haneda
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Kayano
- Research Center for Global Agromedicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Miura
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Motozumi Matsui
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan
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Hazano K, Haneda S, Kayano M, Matsui M. Possible roles of local oviductal estradiol-17β in luteal formation phase on the function of bovine oviductal epithelium. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:1817-1823. [PMID: 31666443 PMCID: PMC6943306 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oviducts play an important role in the reproductive process, such as in gamete transport,
fertilization, and early embryonic development. However, the regulation of oviductal
function during luteal formation phase (3−5 days post-ovulation), which is a crucial phase
for early embryonic development, remains poorly understood. This study investigated the
roles of oviductal estradiol-17β (E2) and progesterone (P4) concentrations on bovine
oviductal functions in the luteal formation phase using RT-qPCR for some genes of
oviductal epithelial cells. Bovine oviducts ipsilateral to the corpus luteum (CL) in the
luteal formation phase were collected from a slaughterhouse. The concentration of
oviductal E2 was positively correlated with the mRNA expressions of nuclear P4 receptor
(PGR) and protein disulfide isomerase family A member 4
(PDIA4), which is related to protein secretion, in the ampulla and with
estrogen receptor α (ESR1) mRNA expression in the isthmus. In contrast,
the concentration of oviductal P4 was not correlated with oviductal mRNA expressions in
either regions. Furthermore, for the candidate factor related to the oviductal E2
concentration, the CL parameters (CL size and tissue P4 concentration), first-wave
dominant follicle (W1DF) parameters (follicle size and intrafollicular E2 concentration),
and W1DF location (ipsilateral or contralateral to CL) did not influence the oviductal E2
concentration. In conclusion, our results suggest that the local oviductal E2 is a
potential oviductal function regulator during the luteal formation phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Hazano
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Shingo Haneda
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Kayano
- Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Motozumi Matsui
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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9
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Niles AM, Fricke HP, Carvalho PD, Wiltbank MC, Hernandez LL, Fricke PM. Effect of treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin 7 days after artificial insemination or at the time of embryo transfer on reproductive outcomes in nulliparous Holstein heifers. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:2593-2606. [PMID: 30692012 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Our objective was to assess the effect of treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) 7 d after artificial insemination (AI) or at the time of in vitro-fertilized (IVF) embryo transfer on reproductive outcomes, including progesterone (P4), interferon-tau stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), pregnancy-specific protein B (PSPB), and pregnancies per AI (P/AI) or pregnancies per embryo transfer (P/ET), in nulliparous Holstein heifers. Heifers in experiment 1 were randomly assigned to receive no treatment (control; n = 129) or 2,000 IU of hCG 7 d after AI to a detected estrus (estrus = experimental d 0; hCG; n = 132). Heifers in experiment 2 were randomly assigned to receive no treatment (control; n = 143) or 2,000 IU of hCG (hCG; n = 148) at transfer of an IVF embryo 7 d after the last GnRH treatment of a 5-d controlled internal drug release-synch protocol (last GnRH = experimental d 0). Blood samples were collected from a subgroup of heifers (experiment 1, n = 82; experiment 2, n = 104) at d 7, 11, 18, 20, 25, 28, and 32, and blood samples from heifers diagnosed pregnant were collected on d 35, 39, 46, 53, 60, and 67. Blood samples were assayed for P4 by RIA and for PSPB by ELISA, and expression of ISG15 was assessed in mRNA isolated from blood leukocytes on d 18 and 20. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and logistic regression using the MIXED and GLIMMIX procedures. In both experiments, treatment with hCG increased P4 concentrations from d 11 to 32; however, treatment did not affect P/AI or P/ET at d 32 or 67, PSPB concentrations from d 11 to 67 of pregnancy, or relative ISG15 mRNA concentrations on d 18 or 20. Heifers diagnosed not pregnant at d 32 in experiment 2 with an extended luteal phase (>20 d) and treated with hCG had greater relative ISG15 mRNA concentrations on d 20 than control heifers. Treatment with hCG did not affect pregnancy loss in experiment 1, whereas heifers treated with hCG at the time of IVF embryo transfer had fewer pregnancy losses from d 32 to 67 than control heifers. We concluded that treatment with 2,000 IU of hCG 7 d after AI or at the time of embryo transfer increased P4 concentrations without affecting P/AI or P/ET in nulliparous Holstein heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Niles
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706
| | - H P Fricke
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706
| | - P D Carvalho
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706
| | - M C Wiltbank
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706
| | - L L Hernandez
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706
| | - P M Fricke
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706.
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10
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Irikura N, Uematsu M, Kitahara G, Osawa T, Sasaki Y. Effects of service number on conception rate in Japanese Black cattle. Reprod Domest Anim 2017; 53:34-39. [PMID: 28801993 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The conception rate (CR) of Japanese Black cattle has been decreasing since 1990. The objectives of this study were to compare CR by artificial insemination (AI) number, and to assess the interaction between AI number and possible factors related to CR in Japanese Black cattle. Records of 11,182 AI records for 6,741 heifers and 61,302 AI records for 13,139 cows on 977 farms were analysed. The average CR of heifers was 47.0%, and CR at the first, second and third AI was higher than at the fourth or subsequent AI (p < 0.05). The average CR of cows was 47.8%, and their CR at first and second AI was higher than the fourth or subsequent AI (p < 0.05). Data analysis with CR as the dependent variable revealed significant interactions of AI number with interval from calving to first AI and AI season. Cows first serviced at ≤48 days post-partum had lower CR than those at ≥90 days at first AI (p < 0.05), but the interval from calving to first AI did not affect CR at second AI. Cows serviced in the autumn had a higher CR at first AI than those serviced in the spring and winter (p < 0.05); however, there was no seasonal difference in CR at the second AI. In summary, CR began to decrease from the fourth AI in heifers and the third AI in cows. The AI season and the interval from calving to first AI significantly affected CR only at the first AI.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Irikura
- Department of Animal and Grassland Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - M Uematsu
- Miyazaki Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - G Kitahara
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.,Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - T Osawa
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.,Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Y Sasaki
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.,Organization for Promotion of Tenure Track, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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11
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Alnimer MA, Shamoun AI. Treatment with hCG 4 or 6 days after TAI to improve pregnancy outcomes in repeat-breeding dairy cows. Anim Reprod Sci 2015; 157:63-70. [PMID: 25890835 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Revised: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration 4 or 6 days after timed AI (TAI) on P4 concentration and pregnancy outcomes in repeat breeding dairy cows. All cows were treated by Cosynch protocol before being assigned into 3 groups: CON (n=139): did not receive hormonal treatments; D4 (n=136): received 1500 IU hCG 4 days post TAI; and D6 (n=131): received 1500 IU hCG 6 days post TAI. Plasma P4 concentration was evaluated on Day of hCG and 12 days post TAI. Pregnancies per AI (P/AI) on Day 45 were greater for D6 (38.9%) than CON (30.9%) groups. Pregnancy losses (PL) were lower for D6 (15.0%) and D4 (26.7%) than CON (37.7%) groups. Treatment by season revealed a greater P/AI and lower PL for D6 (30.3% and 18.2%) and D4 (33.3% and 31.0%) than CON (19.2% and 58.3%) groups during summer, while P/AI was greater for D6 (57.1%) than D4 (30.6%) and CON (37.9%) groups during winter. Treatment by parity indicated a greater P/AI for D4 (46.4%) and D6 (31.6%) than CON (15.8%) groups within primiparous cows. Pregnancy losses were lower for D6 (15.1%) than CON (36.5%) groups within multiparous cows while D4 tended to be lower (13.3%) than CON (50.0%) groups. Plasma P4 concentration on Day 12 post TAI was higher for treated than for CON groups. Applying hCG 6 days after TAI was beneficial in improving P/AI either in summer or winter as a result of reducing PL and increasing P4 concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mufeed A Alnimer
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan.
| | - Ahmad I Shamoun
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
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12
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Maillo V, Duffy P, O'Hara L, de Frutos C, Kelly AK, Lonergan P, Rizos D. Effect of hCG administration during corpus luteum establishment on subsequent corpus luteum development and circulating progesterone concentrations in beef heifers. Reprod Fertil Dev 2014; 26:367-74. [DOI: 10.1071/rd12353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effect of a single administration of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) on Day 1 to 4 after oestrus on corpus luteum (CL) development and circulating progesterone (P4). Oestrus-synchronized heifers (n = 43) were administered a single intramuscular injection of saline on Day 1 (control) or 3000 IU hCG on Day 1, 2, 3 or 4 after oestrus. Administration of hCG on Day 1 had no effect on CL area, on Day 2 increased CL area from Day 6 to 12 (P < 0.05), on Day 3 increased CL area from Day 9 to 11, while on Day 4 increased CL size on Days 9 and 10 (P < 0.05). Administration of hCG on Day 4 induced the formation of an accessory CL in 89% of heifers, resulting in a significant increase in total luteal tissue area on the ovaries compared with all other groups. Consistent with the effects on the CL, hCG on Day 1 did not affect P4 concentrations, on Day 2 significantly increased P4 compared with the control from Day 6 to 11 (P < 0.05), on Day 3 resulted in a non-significant increase in P4 while hCG on Day 4 increased P4 from Day 8 to 13 compared with the control (P < 0.05). In conclusion, administration of hCG as early as Day 2 after oestrus results in increased P4 in circulation from Day 6, which should have beneficial downstream effects in terms of uterine receptivity and conceptus elongation.
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Torres A, Silva JCE, Deloche MC, Humblot P, Horta AEM, Lopes-da-Costa L. Secondary Corpora Lutea Induced by hCG Treatment Enhanced Demi-Embryo Survival in Lactating High-Yielding Dairy Cows. Reprod Domest Anim 2013; 48:643-50. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Torres
- Reproduction and Obstetrics; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; CIISA; Technical University of Lisbon; Avenida da Universidade Técnica; Lisboa; Portugal
| | - J Chagas e Silva
- Reproduction and Obstetrics; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; CIISA; Technical University of Lisbon; Avenida da Universidade Técnica; Lisboa; Portugal
| | - MC Deloche
- Department Recherche et Development; UNCEIA; Maisons Alfort; France
| | | | - AEM Horta
- URGRMA; INIA-INRB; Vale de Santarém; Portugal
| | - L Lopes-da-Costa
- Reproduction and Obstetrics; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; CIISA; Technical University of Lisbon; Avenida da Universidade Técnica; Lisboa; Portugal
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14
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Evaluation of treatments with hCG and carprofen at embryo transfer in a demi-embryo and recipient virgin heifer model. Animal 2013; 7:1317-22. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731113000426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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15
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Tang KQ, Yang WC, Pai B, Li SJ, Chen L, Yang LG. Effects of PGR and ESRα genotypes on the pregnancy rates after embryo transfer in Luxi cattle. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 40:579-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2095-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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16
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Lonergan P. Influence of progesterone on oocyte quality and embryo development in cows. Theriogenology 2012; 76:1594-601. [PMID: 21855985 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Revised: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In cattle, the majority of embryo loss occurs very early during pregnancy (approximately Day 16), around or prior to maternal recognition of pregnancy. The actions of P4 in controlling LH pulsatility and ovarian follicular development may impinge negatively on oocyte quality. A considerable proportion of embryo loss may be attributable to inadequate circulating progesterone (P4) concentrations and the subsequent downstream consequences on endometrial gene expression and histotroph secretion into the uterine lumen. Conceptus growth and development require the action of P4 on the uterus to regulate endometrial function, including conceptus-maternal interactions, pregnancy recognition, and uterine receptivity for implantation. This review summarizes recent data highlighting the role of progesterone in determining oocyte quality and embryo development in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Lonergan
- School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, College of Life Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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17
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Rizos D, Scully S, Kelly AK, Ealy AD, Moros R, Duffy P, Al Naib A, Forde N, Lonergan P. Effects of human chorionic gonadotrophin administration on Day 5 after oestrus on corpus luteum characteristics, circulating progesterone and conceptus elongation in cattle. Reprod Fertil Dev 2012; 24:472-81. [DOI: 10.1071/rd11139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that elevated concentrations of progesterone (P4) resulting from the induction of an accessory corpus luteum (CL) by human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) administration on Day 5 after oestrus would lead to advanced conceptus elongation on Day 14 following embryo transfer on Day 7. The oestrous cycles of cross-bred beef heifers were synchronised and animals were randomly assigned to receive either of two treatments: (1) intramuscular injection of 3000 IU hCG on Day 5 after oestrus (n = 14); or (2) intramuscular injection of saline on Day 5 after oestrus (n = 13). Ovaries were scanned daily by transrectal ultrasonography to assess CL development. Serum concentrations of P4 were determined from daily blood samples collected from the jugular vein. In vitro-produced bovine blastocysts were transferred to synchronised recipients on Day 7 after oestrus (n = 15 blastocysts per recipient). Heifers were killed on Day 14 after oestrus and the uterus was flushed to recover the embryos. Injection of hCG on Day 5 induced ovulation of the dominant follicle in all treated heifers and increased the total area of luteal tissue on the ovary, which was associated with a significant increase (P < 0.001) in serum concentrations of P4 from Day 7 to Day 14. Positive associations were detected between circulating P4 with CL area (within-day correlations ranging from r = 0.45 to r = 0.67) and total area of luteal tissue (within-day correlations ranging from r = 0.65 to r = 0.86) Administration of hCG did not affect the proportion of Day 14 conceptuses recovered. However, compared with the control group, hCG-treated heifers had increased conceptus length (3.91 ± 1.23 vs 5.57 ± 1.02 mm, respectively; P = 0.06), width (1.00 ± 0.06 vs 1.45 ± 0.05 mm, respectively; P = 0.002) and area (5.71 ± 0.97 vs 8.31 ± 0.83, respectively; P = 0.02). Although numerically greater, mean interferon-τ (IFNT) production in vitro did not differ significantly (P = 0.54) between embryos recovered from hCG-treated and control heifers. In contrast, there was a strong positive correlation between individual embryo length (r = 0.76; P < 0.001) and individual embryo area (r = 0.72; P < 0.001) and IFNT production. In conclusion, administration of hCG on Day 5 after oestrus resulted in the formation of an accessory CL and hypertrophy of the original CL, the result of which was an increase in P4 concentrations from Day 7 onwards. These elevated P4 concentrations were associated with an increased conceptus area. Furthermore, conceptus size was highly correlated with IFNT secretion in vitro.
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18
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Rossetti RC, Perdigão A, Mesquita FS, Sá Filho M, Nogueira GP, Machado R, Membrive CMB, Binelli M. Effects of flunixin meglumine, recombinant bovine somatotropin and/or human chorionic gonadotropin on pregnancy rates in Nelore cows. Theriogenology 2011; 76:751-8. [PMID: 21719091 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to compare pharmacological strategies aiming to inhibit prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF(2α)) synthesis (flunixin meglumine; FM), stimulate growth of the conceptus (recombinant bovine somatotropin; bST) and progesterone (P(4)) synthesis (human chorionic gonadotropin; hCG), as well as their combinations, regarding their ability to improve pregnancy rates in beef cattle. Lactating Nelore cows (N = 975), 35 to 70 days postpartum, were synchronized and inseminated by timed artificial insemination (TAI) on Day 0. On Day 7, cattle were allocated into eight groups and received one of the following treatments: saline (S) on Days 7 and 16 (Group Control); S on Day 7 and FM on Day 16 (Group FM); bST on Day 7 and S on Day 16 (Group bST); bST on Day 7 and FM on Day 16 (Group bST + FM); hCG on Day 7 and S on Day 16 (Group hCG); hCG on Day 7 and FM on Day 16 (Group hCG + FM); bST and hCG on Day 7 and S on Day 16 (Group bST + hCG), or bST and hCG on Day 7 and FM on Day 16 (Group bST + hCG + FM). The aforementioned treatments were administered at the following doses: 2.2 mg/kg FM (Banamine®; Intervet Schering-Plough, Cotia, SP, Brazil), 500 mg bST (Boostin®; Intervet Schering-Plough), and 2500 IU hCG (Chorulon®; Intervet Schering-Plough). Pregnancy diagnosis was performed 40 days after TAI by transrectal ultrasonography. Pregnancy rates were not significantly different among treatments. However, there was a main effect of hCG treatment to increase pregnancy rates (63.0 vs. 55.4%; P = 0.001). Concentrations of P(4) did not differ significantly among groups on Day 7 or on Day 16. However, consistent with the higher pregnancy rates, hCG increased P(4) concentrations on Day 16 (10.6 vs. 9.6 ng/mL, respectively; P = 0.05). We concluded that hCG treatment 7 days after TAI improved pregnancy rates of lactating Nelore cows, possibly via a mechanism leading to induction of higher P(4) concentrations, or by reducing the luteolytic stimulus during maternal recognition of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Rossetti
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
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19
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Wallace L, Breiner C, Breiner R, Spell A, Carter J, Lamb G, Stevenson J. Administration of human chorionic gonadotropin at embryo transfer induced ovulation of a first wave dominant follicle, and increased progesterone and transfer pregnancy rates. Theriogenology 2011; 75:1506-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Revised: 11/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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20
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Vasconcelos J, Sá Filho O, Justolin P, Morelli P, Aragon F, Veras M, Soriano S. Effects of postbreeding gonadotropin treatments on conception rates of lactating dairy cows subjected to timed artificial insemination or embryo transfer in a tropical environment. J Dairy Sci 2011; 94:223-34. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2010-3462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2010] [Accepted: 10/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Tsuji Y, Kato Y, Tsunoda Y. Effect of human chorionic gonadotropin and progesterone administration on the developmental potential of mouse somatic cell nuclear-transferred oocytes. Cell Reprogram 2010; 12:183-9. [PMID: 20677932 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2009.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic cell nuclear-transferred (SCNT) oocytes have a relatively high potential to develop into blastocysts in vitro, but a large proportion embryos die at various pre- and postimplantation stages after transfer to recipients. Although the reason for the high mortality of SCNT embryos at the peri- and postimplantation stages is not clear, epigenetic abnormalities of SCNT embryos are considered to be the main cause. Such abnormalities of SCNT embryos may decrease their ability to maintain the corpora lutea, which is necessary for initiating implantation and maintaining fetal development. To examine this hypothesis, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and progesterone were administered at different times to recipients that received SCNT embryos. When hCG was administered daily from day 3.5 to day 6.5 of pregnancy, the implantation and fetal development rates increased significantly compared to those of controls. The potential of SCNT embryos to develop to full term, however, was not greater than that of controls, even if hCG administration was continued to day 11.5 or day 17.5 and progesterone was administered from day 7.5 to day 17.5 after hCG injection. These findings demonstrated that administering hCG to recipients protects the in vivo development of SCNT embryos until day 10.5, but other treatment is necessary to support the progression of the embryos to full-term development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Tsuji
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, College of Agriculture, Kinki University , Nara 631-8505, Japan
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22
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Dahlen CR, Bird SL, Martel CA, Olson KC, Stevenson JS, Lamb GC. Administration of human chorionic gonadotropin 7 days after fixed-time artificial insemination of suckled beef cows1. J Anim Sci 2010; 88:2337-45. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2009-2596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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23
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24
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Clinical use of human chorionic gonadotropin in dairy cows: An update. Theriogenology 2010; 73:1001-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2009] [Revised: 11/25/2009] [Accepted: 11/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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25
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Lamb GC, Dahlen CR, Larson JE, Marquezini G, Stevenson JS. Control of the estrous cycle to improve fertility for fixed-time artificial insemination in beef cattle: a review. J Anim Sci 2009; 88:E181-92. [PMID: 19783709 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2009-2349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Early estrus-synchronization protocols focused on regressing the corpus luteum (CL) with an injection of PGF(2alpha) followed by detection of estrus or involved the use of exogenous progestins that prevent estrus from occurring. Later, protocols combining the use of PGF(2alpha) and exogenous progestins were developed. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone was utilized to control follicular waves, synchronize ovulation, or to luteinize large dominant follicles. Our research aimed to develop reliable protocols that 1) relied solely on fixed-timed AI (TAI); 2) required a maximum of 3 animal handlings, and 3) were successful in estrous-cycling and noncycling females. In cows, insertion of an intravaginal progesterone insert during the 7-d interval between the initial GnRH and PGF(2alpha) injections enhanced pregnancy rates by 9 to 10%. In a multi-location study, a TAI protocol yielded pregnancy rates similar to a protocol involving detection of estrus plus a fixed-time clean-up AI for females not detected in estrus (54 vs. 58%, respectively, for cows and 53 vs. 57%, respectively, for heifers). Initiation of estrous cycles in noncycling cows is likely the primary manner in which beef producers may improve fertility in response to estrus synchronization and TAI protocols. Treatment of noncycling females with progesterone and GnRH increases the percentage of cycling females and improves fertility to a TAI, but inducing cyclicity with hCG failed to enhance fertility in TAI protocols. Supplementing progesterone after TAI failed to increase pregnancy rates in beef cattle. In contrast, administration of hCG 7 d after TAI induced an accessory CL, increased progesterone, and tended to enhance pregnancy rates. Development of TAI protocols that reduce the hassle factors associated with ovulation synchronization and AI provide cattle producers efficient and effective tools for capturing selective genetic traits of economic consequences. Location variables, however, which may include differences in pasture and diet, breed composition, body condition, postpartum interval, climate, and geographic location, affect the success of TAI protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Lamb
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL 32446, USA.
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26
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Siqueira LGB, Torres CAA, Souza ED, Monteiro PLJ, Arashiro EKN, Camargo LSA, Fernandes CAC, Viana JHM. Pregnancy rates and corpus luteum-related factors affecting pregnancy establishment in bovine recipients synchronized for fixed-time embryo transfer. Theriogenology 2009; 72:949-58. [PMID: 19709722 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2008] [Revised: 05/01/2009] [Accepted: 06/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to investigate the influence of corpora lutea physical and functional characteristics on pregnancy rates in bovine recipients synchronized for fixed-time embryo transfer (FTET). Crossbred (Bos taurus taurus x Bos taurus indicus) nonlactating cows and heifers (n=259) were treated with the following protocol: 2mg estradiol benzoate (EB) plus an intravaginal progesterone device (CIDR 1.9g progesterone; Day 0); 400 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG; Day 5); prostaglandin F(2alpha) (PGF(2alpha)) and CIDR withdrawal (Day 8); and 1mg EB (Day 9). Ovarian ultrasonography and blood sample collections were performed on Day 17. Of the 259 cattle initially treated, 197 (76.1%) were suitable recipients; they received a single, fresh, quality grade 1 or 2 in vivo-derived (n=90) or in vitro-produced (n=87) embryo on Day 17. Pregnancy rates (23 d after embryo transfer) were higher for in vivo-derived embryos than for in vitro-produced embryos (58.8% vs. 31.0%, respectively; P<0.001). Mean (+/-SD) plasma progesterone (P(4)) concentration was higher in cattle that became pregnant than that in nonpregnant cattle (5.2+/-5.0 vs. 3.8+/-2.4 ng/mL; P=0.02). Mean pixel values (71.8+/-1.3 vs. 71.2+/-1.1) and pixel heterogeneity (14.8+/-0.3 vs. 14.5+/-0.5) were similar between pregnant and nonpregnant recipients (P>0.10). No significant relationship was detected between pregnancy outcome and plasma P(4), corpus luteum area, or corpus luteum echotexture. Embryo type, however, affected the odds of pregnancy. In conclusion, corpus luteum-related traits were poor predictors of pregnancy in recipients. The type of embryo, however, was a major factor affecting pregnancy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G B Siqueira
- Federal University of Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs s/n, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Gholami S, Jelodar G, Alborzinia H. Effect of hCG on Rat Endometrium at Preimplantation Stage. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2008.9706904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kawate N, Sakase M, Watanabe K, Fukushima M, Noda M, Takeda K, Ueno S, Inaba T, Kida K, Tamada H, Sawada T. Ovsynch plus CIDR protocol for timed embryo transfer in suckled postpartum Japanese Black beef cows. J Reprod Dev 2007; 53:811-7. [PMID: 17446660 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.18097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We compared synchronization and pregnancy rates, and the increase in blood progesterone concentrations during luteal development, between (1) Ovsynch plus an intravaginal controlled internal drug release (CIDR) device protocol followed by timed embryo transfer (timed ET), and (2) a conventional estrus synchronization method using PGF(2 alpha) and ET in suckled postpartum Japanese Black beef cows. Cows in the PGF group (n=18) received a PGF(2 alpha) analogue when a CL was first palpated per rectum at 10-d intervals after 1 to 2 month postpartum. Cows (n=11), which showed estrus (Day 0) within 5 d of the PGF(2 alpha), and had a CL on Day 7, received ET. Cows in the Ovsynch+CIDR group (n=19) underwent the Ovsynch protocol plus a CIDR for 7 d (GnRH analogue and CIDR on Day-9, PGF(2alpha) analogue with CIDR removal on Day-2, and GnRH analogue on Day 0), with ET on Day 7. The ovulation synchronization (100%) and embryo transfer (100%) rates in the Ovsynch+CIDR group were greater (P<0.01) than the estrus synchronization (66.7%) and the embryo transfer (61.1%) rates in the PGF group. The postpartum interval at ET in the Ovsynch+CIDR group (62.5 +/- 2.5 d) was shorter (P<0.01) than in the PGF group (74.9 +/- 3.9 d). The pregnancy rate in the Ovsynch+CIDR group (57.9%) did not differ significantly from that in the PGF group (50.0%). Plasma progesterone concentrations were not significantly different in the two groups on Days 0, 1, 2, 5, 7, 14 and 21. In summary, higher synchronization and transfer rates, and shorter postpartum interval to ET, can be achieved with timed ET following the Ovsynch plus CIDR protocol than after estrus with the single PGF(2 alpha) treatment followed by ET in suckled postpartum recipient beef cows. Pregnancy rates were similar. Also, the increase in blood progesterone concentrations during luteal development following ovulation synchronized by the Ovsynch plus CIDR protocol was similar to that after estrus induced by the PGF(2 alpha) treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noritoshi Kawate
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan.
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Galvão KN, Santos JEP, Coscioni AC, Juchem SO, Chebel RC, Sischo WM, Villaseñor M. Embryo survival from gossypol-fed heifers after transfer to lactating cows treated with human chorionic gonadotropin. J Dairy Sci 2006; 89:2056-64. [PMID: 16702269 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(06)72273-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Objectives were to determine the effects of gossypol exposure during early embryo development on embryonic survival after transfer of frozen and thawed embryos to lactating dairy cows treated with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Holstein cows (n = 269) were either treated or not treated with 3,300 IU of hCG on d 5 of the estrous cycle and received an embryo collected from heifers fed or not fed gossypol. Embryo donor heifers consumed either 0 or 12 g/d of free gossypol for 76 d prior to embryo collection, resulting in mean plasma gossypol concentrations of 0 and 7.38 microg/mL, respectively. Embryos were transferred on d 7 of the estrous cycle and pregnancy diagnosed 21 and 35 d later. Progesterone was analyzed in plasma collected on d 5 and 12 of the estrous cycle. Treatment with hCG increased the total luteal area on d 12 (818.0 vs. 461.1 mm2) because of increased number of corpora lutea (2.0 vs. 1.0) and increased area of the original corpora lutea (522.7 vs. 443.5 mm2). Plasma progesterone concentrations were similar between treatments on d 5, but increased by d 12 in hCG-treated cows (6.46 vs. 4.78 ng/ mL). Pregnancy rates on d 28 and 42 were not affected by hCG. However, after transfer into lactating cows, embryos collected from heifers not fed gossypol resulted in higher pregnancy rates at 28 d (33.3 vs. 23.1%) and 42 d (29.6 vs. 20.2%) of gestation compared with embryos collected from heifers fed gossypol. Our data suggest that the negative effects of gossypol on fertility are mediated by changes in embryo viability in spite of similar grade quality at transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- K N Galvão
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, University of California-Davis, Tulare 93274, USA
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Thatcher WW, Bilby TR, Bartolome JA, Silvestre F, Staples CR, Santos JEP. Strategies for improving fertility in the modern dairy cow. Theriogenology 2006; 65:30-44. [PMID: 16280156 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The high producing dairy cow of the 21st century is subfertile during lactation. Our objectives are to characterize physiological periods limiting reproductive performance and to describe integrated management strategies to improve pregnancy rates. Ovarian recrudescence with normal re-occurring estrous cycles and restoration of fertility to first service are associated with a reduced occurrence of periparturient metabolic and reproductive disorders. Marked negative changes in energy balance and reduced immunocompetence influence gonadotropic and metabolic hormones. Induced ovarian inactivity was associated with enhanced uterine involution. Post-partum health and reproductive performance were improved when by-pass lipids enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids were fed in the pre- and post-partum periods. Pharmaceutical control of follicle, CL, and uterine function with PGF, GnRH and intravaginal progesterone releasing inserts, has permitted development of more optimal timed-insemination programs for first service. Likewise, resynchronization of nonpregnant cows coupled with the use of ultrasound for early pregnancy diagnosis provides the opportunity for a second timed-insemination within 3 days of a nonpregnant diagnosis. Bovine somatotropin (bST) increases embryo development and embryo survival when coupled with a timed-insemination program or cows detected in estrus. Presence of a conceptus alters endometrial expression of genes and proteins in response to bST and nutraceuticals (i.e., unsaturated fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid in by-pass lipids) to improve pregnancy rates. Postovulatory increases in progesterone may enhance pregnancy rates in targeted populations of lactating dairy cows, but timing and magnitude of the progesterone increases are pharmaceutically dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- W W Thatcher
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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31
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Chagas e Silva J, Lopes da Costa L. Luteotrophic influence of early bovine embryos and the relationship between plasma progesterone concentrations and embryo survival. Theriogenology 2005; 64:49-60. [PMID: 15935842 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2004.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2004] [Revised: 07/29/2004] [Accepted: 10/28/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out to evaluate the luteotrophic influence of early (before Day 7 as well as after Day 7; Day 0=estrus) bovine embryos and the relationship between plasma progesterone (P4) concentrations and embryo survival. Virgin Holstein dairy heifers (n=325) from a single herd were randomly allocated to be nonbred, bred by artificial insemination (AI) or by embryo transfer (ET). Bred heifers were either treated with 1500 IU human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) on Day 7 of the estrous cycle or received no hCG treatment. Plasma P4 concentrations on Days 0, 5, 7, 10, 13, 15, 17, 19 and 21 were similar in pregnant AI- and ET-bred heifers and, this was observed in both hCG-treated and untreated females. Nonbred, AI- and ET-bred nonpregnant heifers (both hCG-treated and untreated) presented similar plasma P4 concentrations. Plasma P4 concentrations of pregnant heifers significantly deviated from those of nonpregnant and nonbred heifers on Day 17. In hCG-treated heifers, plasma P4 concentrations and Day 28 pregnancy rate were significantly higher in females with an induced accessory corpus luteum (CL) than in those females without an induced accessory CL. Treatment with hCG, although inducing the formation of accessory CL and significantly increasing plasma P4 concentrations had no significant effect on Day 28 pregnancy rate. In conclusion, this study does not support the existence of any peripherally detectable luteotrophic influence from early embryos (Days 5-7). Plasma P4 was only significantly related to embryo survival on Day 17, the time of expected onset of luteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chagas e Silva
- Division for Animal Selection and Reproduction, Amadora, Portugal
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Santos JEP, Thatcher WW, Chebel RC, Cerri RLA, Galvão KN. The effect of embryonic death rates in cattle on the efficacy of estrus synchronization programs. Anim Reprod Sci 2004; 82-83:513-35. [PMID: 15271477 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2004.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 362] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Reproductive failure in inseminated cattle results from poor fertilization and embryo survival. Recent studies utilizing dairy and beef cattle indicate that fertilization rates are higher for nulliparous dairy and beef heifers and nonlactating beef cows than lactating beef and dairy cows and nonlactating dairy cows. Several factors affect fertilization rates, but the greatest impact was observed for high producing cows under heat stress, when fertilization was only 55%. Once fertilization has occurred, the fate of a successful pregnancy is then determined by the survival of the embryo and fetus. Losses of pregnancy are characterized by early embryonic death, which occurs prior to the period of corpus luteum (CL) maintenance in the cow at days 15-17 of the cycle, and late embryonic death, which occurs from CL maintenance to the end of the differentiation stage, at approximately 42 days of gestation. After 50 days of gestation, pregnancy losses are less frequent and characterize fetal death. Most pregnancy losses occur prior to the period of maintenance of the CL, but in high producing lactating dairy cattle, substantial losses continue to occur up to 42-56 days after insemination. Several factors affect pregnancy losses in cattle, such as compromised oocytes, which result in poorly developed embryos incapable of cross-talking with the endometrial epithelial cells, to inadequate uterine environment and infectious agents resulting in death of the embryo from undernourishment. Recently, studies have indicated that anovulation/anestrous, the metabolic status of the animal, some dietary ingredients, as well as occurrence of diseases, predispose the cow to experience embryonic and fetal death. Although some insemination protocols might impact embryo survival, when timed AI has been implemented properly, it has not influenced embryonic or fetal death in cattle. Improvements in reproductive programs in the future will have to focus on enhancing fertilization rates and minimizing embryonic losses to optimize conception rates in dairy and beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E P Santos
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, University of California-Davis, 18830 Road 112, Tulare, CA 93274, USA.
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Nishigai M. Japanese Society for Animal Reproduction: award for outstanding research 2002. The development and prevalence of the transfer technique for frozen-thawed embryos of Japanese black beef cattle in Tochigi Prefecture. J Reprod Dev 2004; 49:23-36. [PMID: 14967946 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.49.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The conditions of embryo transfer by the stepwise method, in which frozen-thawed embryos are transferred on day 7 (day 0=onset of estrus), were investigated with the aim of increasing pregnancy rates in frozen-thawed embryo transfer. The use of a vaginal speculum to prevent bacterial infection when passing an embryo transfer gun through the vagina yielded a pregnancy rate equal to or higher than that with application of a sheath cover to the transfer gun. Administration of a sedative, xylazine, to recipient cattle for preventing movement at the time of embryo transfer improved the pregnancy rate. The influence of the time from thawing of frozen embryos to transfer and of the transportation of the recipient by truck upon pregnancy rate was investigated. Embryo transfer within 60 minutes after aspiration into a straw or transportation of the bovine recipient, 1.5 hours each way before and after transfer, had no influence on pregnancy rate. Relations of the embryonic developmental stage and morphological quality after thawing of frozen embryos to pregnancy rate were investigated in recipients of nulliparous Holstein heifers. The pregnancy rate increased as the embryonic developmental stage advanced from compacted morula, early blastocyst, and blastocyst in that order. The pregnancy rate obtained with blastocyst stage embryos was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that with compacted morula stage embryos, and there was no significant difference in pregnancy rates between excellent morphological quality and good morphological quality for compacted morula stage embryos. When correlation of luteal function and pregnancy rate was investigated in bovine recipients, pregnancy rate showed a tendency to increase with increasing blood progesterone (P) concentration on the day before (on day 6 after estrus) and the day of embryo transfer. The pregnancy rate in bovine recipients, which showed a blood P concentration of > or =2.5 ng/ml on the day before embryo transfer, was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that in those with a blood P concentration of <2.5 ng/ml. Pregnancy rate showed a tendency to increase with decreasing blood estradiol-17beta (E2) concentration on the day of embryo transfer. Activation of luteal function by administration of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in cycling cattle was investigated for its effect on increasing pregnancy rate in bovine recipients. A follicle coexisting with cyclic CL ovulated and induced CL formed after injection of hCG 1,500 IU 5 days after ovulation. The blood P concentration was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the administration group than in the control group, and the blood E2 concentration rapidly decreased, showing a lower concentration than in the control group. These results suggest the possibility that the pregnancy rate could be improved by administration of hCG. Pregnancy rate following intramuscular injection hCG 1,500 IU was comparatively investigated in parous Japanese Black beef cattle receiving frozen-thawed embryos 7 days after estrus. Pregnancy rate was 67.5% in the group in which hCG was administered on day 6 after estrus, and was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that in the control group (45.0%) and the group in which hCG was administered on day 1 after estrus (42.5%), revealing that hCG administration facilitated pregnancy. Transfer of frozen-thawed embryos in the blastocyst stage within 60 minutes after the aspiration into a straw, with a vaginal speculum after administration of xylazine is suggested as a way of improving pregnancy rate in bovine recipients with favorable luteal function and in those with luteal function activated by administration of hCG on the day before embryo transfer.
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Barrett DMW, Bartlewski PM, Batista-Arteaga M, Symington A, Rawlings NC. Ultrasound and endocrine evaluation of the ovarian response to a single dose of 500 IU of eCG following a 12-day treatment with progestogen-releasing intravaginal sponges in the breeding and nonbreeding seasons in ewes. Theriogenology 2004; 61:311-27. [PMID: 14662131 DOI: 10.1016/s0093-691x(03)00215-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A standard dose of 500 IU of eCG is commonly given to progestogen pre-treated anestrous ewes for induction of estrus. Twelve seasonally anestrous and 12 cyclic Western White Face ewes were treated for 12 days with intravaginal sponges impregnated with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP). In trials in both the breeding and nonbreeding seasons, six randomly selected ewes were given 500 IU of eCG at sponge removal to determine the effects of low dose of eCG on ovarian antral follicular dynamics and ovulation. Ultrasound scanning and blood sampling were done daily. Treatment with eCG did not have marked effects on antral follicular growth. All ewes ovulated, except for five of six control anestrous ewes. Luteal structures and progesterone secretion were confirmed in all but the control anestrous ewes. In the breeding season, peak progesterone concentrations were greater (P<0.05) in eCG-treated compared to control ewes. Daily serum estradiol concentrations were greater in the periovulatory period in eCG-treated compared to control ewes (treatment-by-day interaction; P<0.05), particularly in anestrus. Progestogen-treated ewes ovulated follicles from several follicular waves, in contrast to ovulations of follicles from the final wave of the cycle in untreated, cyclic ewes. Anestrous ewes exhibited more frequent follicular waves and FSH peaks compared to cyclic ewes after a progestogen/eCG treatment. In conclusion, 500 IU of eCG given after 12 days of progestogen treatment had limited effects on the dynamics of ovarian follicular waves. However, eCG treatment increased serum concentrations of estradiol during the periovulatory period, particularly in anestrous ewes; this probably resulted in the synchronous estrus and ovulation in anestrous ewes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M W Barrett
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5B4
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