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Lawrenz B, Kalafat E, Ata B, Del Gallego R, Melado L, Elkhatib I, Fatemi H. The combination of dydrogesterone and micronized vaginal progesterone can render serum progesterone level measurements on the day of embryo transfer and rescue attempts unnecessary in an HRT FET cycle. J Assist Reprod Genet 2024; 41:885-892. [PMID: 38372882 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-024-03049-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the role of serum progesterone (P4) on the day of embryo transfer (ET) when dydrogesterone (DYD) and micronized vaginal progesterone (MVP) are combined as luteal phase support (LPS) in a hormone replacement therapy (HRT) frozen ET (FET) cycles. METHODS Retrospective study, including single euploid HRT FET cycles with DYD and MVP as LPS and P4 measurement on ET day. Initially, patients with P4 levels < 10 ng/ml increased MVP to 400 mg/day; this "rescue" was abandoned later. RESULTS 560 cycles of 507 couples were included. In 275 women, serum P4 level was < 10 ng/ml on the ET day. Among those with low P4 levels, MVP dose remained unchanged in 65 women (11.6%) and was increased in 210 women (37.5%). Women with P4 levels ≥ 10 ng/ml continued LPS without modification. Overall pregnancy rates in these groups were 61.5% (40/65), 54.8% (115/210), and 48.4% (138/285), respectively (p = n.s.). Association of serum P4 levels with ongoing pregnancy rates was analyzed in women without any additional MVP regardless of serum P4 levels (n = 350); multivariable analysis (adjusted for age, BMI, embryo quality (EQ)) did not show a significant association of serum P4 levels with OPR (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.90-1.02; p = 0.185). Using inverse probability treatment weights, regression analysis in the weighted sample showed no significant association between P4 treatment groups and OP. Compared to fair EQ, the transfer of good EQ increased (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.22-2.15; p = 0.001) and the transfer of a poor EQ decreased the odds of OP (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.55-0.97; p = 0.029). CONCLUSION In HRT FET cycle, using LPS with 300 mg/day MVP and 30 mg/day DYD, it appears that serum P4 measurement and increase of MVP in patients with P4 < 10 ng/ml are not necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lawrenz
- ART Fertility Clinic, Royal Marina Village, B22-23, POB: 60202, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, UZ Gent, Gent, Belgium.
| | - E Kalafat
- ART Fertility Clinic, Royal Marina Village, B22-23, POB: 60202, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - B Ata
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
- ART Fertility Clinic, Jumeirah St-Umm Suqeim-Umm Suqeim 3, Dubai, UAE
| | - R Del Gallego
- ART Fertility Clinic, Royal Marina Village, B22-23, POB: 60202, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - L Melado
- ART Fertility Clinic, Royal Marina Village, B22-23, POB: 60202, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - I Elkhatib
- ART Fertility Clinic, Royal Marina Village, B22-23, POB: 60202, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - H Fatemi
- ART Fertility Clinic, Royal Marina Village, B22-23, POB: 60202, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- ART Fertility Clinic, Jumeirah St-Umm Suqeim-Umm Suqeim 3, Dubai, UAE
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Jin Z, Li J, Yang E, Shi H, Bu Z, Niu W, Wang F, Huo M, Song H, Zhang Y. Effect of endometrial thickness changes on clinical pregnancy rates after progesterone administration in a single frozen-thawed euploid blastocyst transfer cycle using natural cycles with luteal support for PGT-SR- and PGT-M-assisted reproduction: a retrospective cohort study. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2021; 19:154. [PMID: 34627292 PMCID: PMC8501735 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-021-00841-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate whether the endometrial thickness change ratio from the progesterone administration day to the blastocyst transfer day is associated with pregnancy outcomes in a single frozen-thawed euploid blastocyst transfer cycle. METHODS All patients used natural cycles with luteal support for endometrial preparation and selected a single euploid blastocyst for transfer after a biopsy for preimplantation genetic testing. The endometrial thickness was measured by transvaginal ultrasound on the progesterone administration day and the transfer day, the change in endometrial thickness was measured, and the endometrial thickness change ratio was calculated. According to the change rate of endometrial thickness, the patients were divided into three groups: the endometrial thickness compaction group, endometrial thickness non-change group and endometrial thickness expansion group. Among them, the endometrial thickness non-change and expansion groups were combined into the endometrial thickness noncompaction group. RESULTS Ultrasound images of the endometrium in 219 frozen-thawed euploid blastocyst transfer cycles were evaluated. The clinical pregnancy rate increased with the increase in endometrial thickness change ratio, while the miscarriage rate and live birth rate were comparable among the groups. The multiple logistic regression results showed that in the fully adjusted model a higher endometrial thickness change ratio (per 10%) was associated with a higher clinical pregnancy rate (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.64; P = .040). Similarly, when the patients were divided into three groups according to the change rate of endometrial thickness, the endometrial thickness noncompaction group had a significant positive effect on the clinical pregnancy rate compared with the endometrial thickness compaction group after adjusting for all covariates. CONCLUSIONS In frozen-thawed euploid blastocyst transfer cycles in which the endometrium was prepared by natural cycles with luteal support, the clinical pregnancy rate was higher in cycles without endometrial compaction after progesterone administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Jin
- Reproductive Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingdi Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - EnTong Yang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hao Shi
- Reproductive Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiqin Bu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Niu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingzhu Huo
- Reproductive Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Song
- Reproductive Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - YiLe Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
- , Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Cecchino GN, Roque M, Cerrillo M, Filho RDR, Chiamba FDS, Hatty JH, García-Velasco JA. DuoStim cycles potentially boost reproductive outcomes in poor prognosis patients. Gynecol Endocrinol 2021; 37:519-522. [PMID: 32954881 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2020.1822804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the overall performance and oocyte quality of follicular phase stimulation (FPS) vs. luteal phase stimulation (LPS) among patients undergoing double ovarian stimulation (DuoStim). MATERIALS AND METHODS Observational retrospective two-center cohort study including 79 infertile women who underwent a total of 87 DuoStim cycles between January 2017 and May 2019. Besides assessing baseline characteristics in order to determine the patients' clinical profile, we analyzed the FPS and LPS regarding the total dose of gonadotropin received, the duration of stimulation, the number and maturity of oocytes, fertilization and blastocyst formation rates, and the number of blastocysts obtained. RESULTS The patients' baseline characteristics were compatible with a diminished ovarian reserve and poor reproductive prognosis. While the luteal phase needed longer stimulation (12 days (5-19) vs. 11 (7-16), p < .001) and slightly higher gonadotropin doses (2946 ± 890 IU vs. 2550 ± 970 IU, p < .001), no significant differences were detected in the oocyte maturity, fertilization, and blastocyst formation rates. However, the number of oocytes retrieved (5 (0-16) vs. 4 (0-15), p = .006), mature oocytes (4 (0-15) vs. 3 (0-11), p = .032), and blastocysts obtained (70 vs. 53) were substantially greater after LPS. CONCLUSIONS The DuoStim strategy in poor prognosis patients increases the number of oocytes and blastocysts available. Moreover, the number of oocytes and blastocysts obtained are higher after LPS when compared to FPS. Thus, it should be considered for selected patients in order to not only improve reproductive outcomes but also shorten the time to pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo N Cecchino
- Department of Gynecology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
- IVIRMA Global Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Mater Prime, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Juan A García-Velasco
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
- IVIRMA Global Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Jeschke L, Santamaria CG, Meyer N, Zenclussen AC, Bartley J, Schumacher A. Early-Pregnancy Dydrogesterone Supplementation Mimicking Luteal-Phase Support in ART Patients Did Not Provoke Major Reproductive Disorders in Pregnant Mice and Their Progeny. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5403. [PMID: 34065597 PMCID: PMC8161261 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Progestogens are frequently administered during early pregnancy to patients undergoing assisted reproductive techniques (ART) to overcome progesterone deficits following ART procedures. Orally administered dydrogesterone (DG) shows equal efficacy to other progestogens with a higher level of patient compliance. However, potential harmful effects of DG on critical pregnancy processes and on the health of the progeny are not yet completely ruled out. We treated pregnant mice with DG in the mode, duration, and doses comparable to ART patients. Subsequently, we studied DG effects on embryo implantation, placental and fetal growth, fetal-maternal circulation, fetal survival, and the uterine immune status. After birth of in utero DG-exposed progeny, we assessed their sex ratios, weight gain, and reproductive performance. Early-pregnancy DG administration did not interfere with placental and fetal development, fetal-maternal circulation, or fetal survival, and provoked only minor changes in the uterine immune compartment. DG-exposed offspring grew normally, were fertile, and showed no reproductive abnormalities with the exception of an altered spermiogram in male progeny. Notably, DG shifted the sex ratio in favor of female progeny. Even though our data may be reassuring for the use of DG in ART patients, the detrimental effects on spermatogenesis in mice warrants further investigations and may be a reason for caution for routine DG supplementation in early pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Jeschke
- Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39108 Magdeburg, Germany; (L.J.); (C.G.S.); (N.M.); (A.C.Z.)
| | - Clarisa Guillermina Santamaria
- Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39108 Magdeburg, Germany; (L.J.); (C.G.S.); (N.M.); (A.C.Z.)
- UFZ—Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-Halle, Department of Environmental Immunology, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nicole Meyer
- Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39108 Magdeburg, Germany; (L.J.); (C.G.S.); (N.M.); (A.C.Z.)
- UFZ—Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-Halle, Department of Environmental Immunology, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ana Claudia Zenclussen
- Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39108 Magdeburg, Germany; (L.J.); (C.G.S.); (N.M.); (A.C.Z.)
- UFZ—Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-Halle, Department of Environmental Immunology, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Bartley
- Reproductive Medicine and Gynecological Endocrinology, University Women’s Clinic, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39108 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Anne Schumacher
- Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39108 Magdeburg, Germany; (L.J.); (C.G.S.); (N.M.); (A.C.Z.)
- UFZ—Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-Halle, Department of Environmental Immunology, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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Gao H, Ye J, Ye H, Hong Q, Sun L, Chen Q. Strengthened luteal phase support for patients with low serum progesterone on the day of frozen embryo transfer in artificial endometrial preparation cycles: a large-sample retrospective trial. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2021; 19:60. [PMID: 33892741 PMCID: PMC8063468 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-021-00747-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low serum progesterone on the day of frozen embryo transfer (FET) is associated with diminished pregnancy rates in artificial endometrium preparation cycles, but there is no consensus on whether strengthened luteal phase support (LPS) benefits patients with low progesterone on the FET day in artificial cycles. This single-centre, large-sample retrospective trial was designed to investigate the contribution of strengthened LPS to pregnancy outcomes for groups with low progesterone levels on the FET day in artificial endometrium preparation cycles. METHODS Women who had undergone the first artificial endometrium preparation cycle after a freeze-all protocol in our clinic from 2016 to 2018 were classified into two groups depending on their serum progesterone levels on the FET day. Routine LPS was administered to group B (P ≥ 10.0 ng/ml on the FET day, n = 1261), and strengthened LPS (routine LPS+ im P 40 mg daily) was administered to group A (P < 10.0 ng/ml on the FET day, n = 1295). The primary endpoint was the live birth rate, and the secondary endpoints were clinical pregnancy, miscarriage and neonatal outcomes. RESULTS The results showed that the clinical pregnancy rate was significantly lower in group A than in group B (48.4% vs 53.2%, adjusted risk ratio (aRR) 0.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.68, 0.96), whereas miscarriage rates were similar between the two groups (16.0% vs 14.7%, aRR 1.09, 95% CI 0.77, 1.54). The live birth rate was slightly lower in group A than in group B (39.5% vs 43.3%, aRR 0.84, 95% CI 0.70, 1.0). Birthweights and other neonatal outcomes were similar between the two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that the serum progesterone level on the FET day was one of the risk factors predicting the chances of pregnancy in artificial endometrium preparation cycles, and strengthened LPS in patients with low progesterone on the FET day might help to provide a reasonable pregnancy outcome in artificial cycles, although further prospective evidence is needed to confirm this possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Gao
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Ye
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongjuan Ye
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Centre of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Hong
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lihua Sun
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Centre of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiuju Chen
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Porter DT, Goodman RL, Hileman SM, Lehman MN. Evidence that synaptic plasticity of glutamatergic inputs onto KNDy neurones during the ovine follicular phase is dependent on increasing levels of oestradiol. J Neuroendocrinol 2021; 33:e12945. [PMID: 33713519 PMCID: PMC7959185 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Neurones in the arcuate nucleus co-expressing kisspeptin, neurokinin B (NKB) and dynorphin (KNDy) play a critical role in the control of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and luteinising hormone (LH) secretion. In sheep, KNDy neurones mediate both steroid-negative- and -positive-feedback during pulsatile and preovulatory surge secretions of GnRH/LH, respectively. In addition, KNDy neurones receive glutamatergic inputs expressing vGlut2, a glutamate transporter that serves as a marker for those terminals, from both KNDy neurones and other populations of glutamatergic neurones. Previous work reported higher numbers of vGlut2-positive axonal inputs onto KNDy neurones during the LH surge than in luteal phase ewes. In the present study, we further examined the effects of the ovarian steroids progesterone (P) and oestradiol (E2 ) on glutamatergic inputs to KNDy neurones. Ovariectomised (OVX) ewes received either no further treatment (OVX) or steroid treatments that mimicked the luteal phase (low E2 + P), and early (low E2 ) or late follicular (high E2 ) phases of the oestrous cycle (n = 4 or 5 per group). Brain sections were processed for triple-label immunofluorescent detection of NKB/vGlut2/synaptophysin and analysed using confocal microscopy. We found higher numbers of vGlut2 inputs onto KNDy neurones in high E2 compared to the other three treatment groups. These results suggest that synaptic plasticity of glutamatergic inputs onto KNDy neurones during the ovine follicular phase depend on increasing levels of E2 required for the preovulatory GnRH/surge. These synaptic changes likely contribute to the positive-feedback action of oestrogen on GnRH/LH secretion and thus the generation of the preovulatory surge in the sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle T. Porter
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Dept. of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center
| | | | | | - Michael N. Lehman
- Brain Health Research Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University
- Corresponding author and reprint requests to: Michael N. Lehman, Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, 251K Integrated Sciences Building, Kent, Ohio, 44242-0001 USA, Phone: 330-672-2732;
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Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been demonstrated that luteal phase support (LPS) is crucial in filling the gap between the disappearance of exogenously administered hCG for ovulation triggering and the initiation of secretion of endogenous hCG from the implanting conceptus. LPS has a pivotal role of in establishing and maintaining in vitro fertilization (IVF) pregnancies. Over the last decade, a plethora of studies bringing new information on many aspects of LPS have been published. Due to lack of consent between researchers and a dearth of robust evidence-based guidelines, we wanted to make the leap from the bench to the bedside, what are the common LPS practices in fresh IVF cycles compared to current evidence and guidelines? How has expert opinion changed over 10 years in light of recent literature? METHODS Over a decade (2009-2019), we conducted 4 web-based surveys on a large IVF-specialist website on common LPS practices and controversies. The self-report, multiple-choice surveys quantified results by annual IVF cycles. RESULTS On average, 303 IVF units responded to each survey, representing, on average, 231,000 annual IVF cycles. Most respondents in 2019 initiated LPS on the day of, or the day after egg collection (48.7 % and 36.3 %, respectively). In 2018, 72 % of respondents administered LPS for 8-10 gestational weeks, while in 2019, 65 % continued LPS until 10-12 weeks. Vaginal progesterone is the predominant delivery route; its utilization rose from 64 % of cycles in 2009 to 74.1 % in 2019. Oral P use has remained negligible; a slight increase to 2.9 % in 2019 likely reflects dydrogesterone's introduction into practice. E2 and GnRH agonists are rarely used for LPS, as is hCG alone, limited by its associated risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). CONCLUSIONS Our Assisted reproductive technology (ART)-community survey series gave us insights into physician views on using progesterone for LPS. Despite extensive research and numerous publications, evidence quality and recommendation levels are surprisingly low for most topics. Clinical guidelines use mostly low-quality evidence. There is no single accepted LPS protocol. Our study highlights the gaps between science and practice and the need for further LPS research, with an emphasis on treatment individualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gon Shoham
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, P.O.B. 39040, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Milton Leong
- The IVF Clinic, 13/F Central Tower, 28 Queens Road Central, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ariel Weissman
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, P.O.B. 39040, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
- IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, 62 Halochamim Street, 5822012, Holon, Israel
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Zhang J, Sun YF, Xu YM, Shi BJ, Han Y, Luo ZY, Zhao ZM, Hao GM, Gao BL. Effect of Endometrium Thickness on Clinical Outcomes in Luteal Phase Short-Acting GnRH-a Long Protocol and GnRH-Ant Protocol. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:578783. [PMID: 34079517 PMCID: PMC8165441 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.578783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the factors that influence luteal phase short-acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) long protocol and GnRH-antagonist (GnRH-ant) protocol on pregnancy outcome and quantify the influence. About the statistical analysis, it is not correct for the number of gravidities. METHODS Infertile patients (n = 4,631) with fresh in-vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) and embryo transfer were divided into GnRH-a long protocol (n =3,104) and GnRH-ant (n =1,527) protocol groups and subgroups G1 (EMT ≤7mm), G2 (7 mm <EMT ≤10 mm), and G3 (EMT >10 mm) according to EMT on the trigger day. The data were analyzed. RESULTS The GnRH-ant and the GnRH-a long protocols had comparable clinical outcomes in the clinical pregnancy, live birth, and miscarriage rate after propensity score matching. In the medium endometrial thickness of 7-10 mm, the clinical pregnancy rate (61.81 vs 55.58%, P < 0.05) and miscarriage rate (19.43 vs 12.83%, P < 0.05) of the GnRH-ant regime were significantly higher than those of the GnRH-a regime. The EMT threshold for clinical pregnancy rate in the GnRH-ant group was 12 mm, with the maximal clinical pregnancy rate of less than 75% and the maximal live birth rate of 70%. In the GnRH-a long protocol, the optimal range of EMT was >10 mm for the clinical pregnancy rate and >9.5 mm for the live birth rate for favorable clinical outcomes, and the clinical pregnancy and live birth rates increased linearly with increase of EMT. In the GnRH-ant protocol, the EMT thresholds were 9-6 mm for the clinical pregnancy rate and 9.5-15.5 mm for the live birth rate. CONCLUSIONS The GnRH-ant protocol has better clinical pregnancy outcomes when the endometrial thickness is in the medium thickness range of 7-10 mm. The optimal threshold interval for better clinical pregnancy outcomes of the GnRH-ant protocol is significantly narrower than that of the GnRH-a protocol. When the endometrial thickness exceeds 12 mm, the clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate of the GnRH-ant protocol show a significant downward trend, probably indicating some negative effects of GnRH-ant on the endometrial receptivity to cause a decrease of the clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate if the endometrial thickness exceeds 12 mm.
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Griesinger G, Blockeel C, Kahler E, Pexman-Fieth C, Olofsson JI, Driessen S, Tournaye H. Dydrogesterone as an oral alternative to vaginal progesterone for IVF luteal phase support: A systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241044. [PMID: 33147288 PMCID: PMC7641447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the evidence on the efficacy and safety of oral dydrogesterone versus micronized vaginal progesterone (MVP) for luteal phase support. Embase and MEDLINE were searched for studies that evaluated the effect of luteal phase support with daily administration of oral dydrogesterone (20 to 40 mg) versus MVP capsules (600 to 800 mg) or gel (90 mg) on pregnancy or live birth rates in women undergoing fresh-cycle IVF (protocol registered at PROSPERO [CRD42018105949]). Individual participant data (IPD) were extracted for the primary analysis where available and aggregate data were extracted for the secondary analysis. Nine studies were eligible for inclusion; two studies had suitable IPD (full analysis sample: n = 1957). In the meta-analysis of IPD, oral dydrogesterone was associated with a significantly higher chance of ongoing pregnancy at 12 weeks of gestation (odds ratio [OR], 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08 to 1.61; P = 0.0075) and live birth (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.57; P = 0.0214) compared to MVP. A meta-analysis combining IPD and aggregate data for all nine studies also demonstrated a statistically significant difference between oral dydrogesterone and MVP (pregnancy: OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.34; P = 0.04; live birth: OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.38; P = 0.02). Safety parameters were similar between the two groups. Collectively, this study indicates that a higher pregnancy rate and live birth rate may be obtained in women receiving oral dydrogesterone versus MVP for luteal phase support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Griesinger
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Christophe Blockeel
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elke Kahler
- Established Pharmaceuticals Division, Global Biometrics, Abbott Laboratories GmbH, Hannover, Germany
| | - Claire Pexman-Fieth
- Established Pharmaceuticals Division, Global Clinical Development, Abbott GmbH, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Jan I. Olofsson
- Established Pharmaceuticals Division, Global Medical Affairs, Abbott Products Operations AG, Allschwil, Switzerland
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Driessen
- Global Biometrics, Established Pharmaceuticals Division, Abbott Healthcare Products BV, Weesp, The Netherlands
| | - Herman Tournaye
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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Atzmon Y, Aslih N, Estrada D, Bilgory A, Ellenbogen A, Shalom-Paz E. Comparable Outcomes Using Oral Dydrogesterone Vs. Micronized Vaginal Progesterone in Frozen Embryo Transfer: a Retrospective Cohort Study. Reprod Sci 2020; 28:1874-1881. [PMID: 33140324 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00376-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This retrospective study was conducted to determine whether using oral dydrogesterone (DYD) instead of micronized vaginal progesterone (MVP) in frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles affects pregnancy outcomes. Women undergoing autologous FET in an academic fertility center were evaluated. Uses of 10 mg TID oral DYD or MVP for patients treated in FET cycles (artificial and ovulatory cycle, separately) were compared. The main outcome measure was live birth rates in each group. The study analyzed 599 cycles that occurred from January 2018 through December 2019. Chemical and clinical pregnancy rates were comparable between DYD vs. MVP groups (41.6% vs. 38.1%; P = 0.44 and 36.7% vs. 31.4%; P = 0.18, respectively). The ongoing pregnancy and delivery rates (29% vs. 22%, P = 0.06), as well as abortion rate (12.3% vs. 15.8%, P = 0.2), were comparable between the two groups. In a case-control sub-analysis of artificial FET cycles, we found comparable results between the two modes of luteal support. Similarly, results were comparable in ovulatory cycles using these medications for luteal support. Chemical and clinical pregnancy rates were comparable with DYD vs. MVP, in artificial FET (33.7% vs. 34.8%; P = 0.89 and 27.7% vs. 27.5%; P = 1), and in ovulatory FET (46.5% vs. 43.9%; P = 0.71 and 42.3% vs. 38.2%; P = 0.53), respectively. Our results indicate that in FET, pregnancy outcomes with oral DYD were not inferior to those with MVP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Atzmon
- IVF Unit, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
| | - Nardin Aslih
- IVF Unit, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
| | | | - Asaf Bilgory
- IVF Unit, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
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Luo Y, Sun L, Dong M, Zhang X, Huang L, Zhu X, Nong Y, Liu F. The best execution of the DuoStim strategy (double stimulation in the follicular and luteal phase of the same ovarian cycle) in patients who are poor ovarian responders. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2020; 18:102. [PMID: 33059712 PMCID: PMC7566062 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-020-00655-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients found to be poor ovarian responders (POR) are a challenging patient population for any assisted reproduction technology. Despite attempts at various controlled ovarian stimulation schemes, reproductive outcomes in this patient population have not improved. In recent years, the DuoStim protocol (both follicular and luteal phase stimulation during the same menstrual cycle) has shown a potential for use in patients with POR. METHODS This retrospective study reviewed the medical records of 304 women who were diagnosed as POR and underwent the DuoStim protocol. We compared follicular phase stimulation (FPS) data and luteal phase stimulation (LPS) data of the same patients. We also compared the effects of different trigger drugs including urine human chorionic gonadotropin (uHCG; 10,000 IU), recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin (rHCG; 250 μg), and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a; 0.2 mg) at the FPS and LPS stages. RESULTS POR undergoing the DuoStim protocol resulted in a significantly higher number of oocytes retrieved, normal fertilised oocytes, cleaved embryos, cryopreserved embryos, and good quality embryos at the LPS stage than at the FPS stage. Trigger drugs at the FPS stage did not affect the FPS stage data. Regardless of the stage, rHCG and GnRH-a yielded significantly more cryopreserved embryos and good quality embryos than uHCG. CONCLUSION The use of GnRH-a or rHCG as the trigger drug may be better than uHCG in both the FPS and LPS stages for POR undergoing the DuoStim protocol. This will increase the number of good quality embryos at the LPS stage. We found that the LPS stage results in more oocytes (and therefore more embryos) than the FPS stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqun Luo
- grid.412601.00000 0004 1760 3828The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 613 Huangpu Avenue West, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510630 Guangdong Province China
- grid.459579.3Department of Reproductive Medical Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, No. 521 Xingnan Road, Guangzhou, 511400 Guangdong Province China
| | - Li Sun
- grid.459579.3Department of Reproductive Medical Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, No. 521 Xingnan Road, Guangzhou, 511400 Guangdong Province China
| | - Mei Dong
- grid.459579.3Department of Reproductive Medical Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, No. 521 Xingnan Road, Guangzhou, 511400 Guangdong Province China
| | - Xiqian Zhang
- grid.459579.3Department of Reproductive Medical Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, No. 521 Xingnan Road, Guangzhou, 511400 Guangdong Province China
| | - Li Huang
- grid.459579.3Department of Reproductive Medical Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, No. 521 Xingnan Road, Guangzhou, 511400 Guangdong Province China
| | - Xiulan Zhu
- grid.459579.3Department of Reproductive Medical Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, No. 521 Xingnan Road, Guangzhou, 511400 Guangdong Province China
| | - Yingqi Nong
- grid.459579.3Department of Reproductive Medical Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, No. 521 Xingnan Road, Guangzhou, 511400 Guangdong Province China
| | - Fenghua Liu
- grid.459579.3Department of Reproductive Medical Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, No. 521 Xingnan Road, Guangzhou, 511400 Guangdong Province China
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Deng L, Chen X, Blockeel C, Ye DS, Chen SL. Intramuscular injection of human chorionic gonadotropin prior to secretory transformation in patients undergoing frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2020; 18:52. [PMID: 32450894 PMCID: PMC7249381 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-020-00606-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The major difference between a natural cycle and an artificially prepared cycle is the lack of luteinizing hormone (LH) peak in the latter. The LH/hCG receptors were identified to express in human endometrium and evidences of experiments also suggested the beneficial role of hCG in embryo implantation, indicating that the LH peak might be of clinical significance and the activation of LH/hCG receptors in the endometrium could improve embryo implantation. Hence, we postulated that the addition of hCG prior to secretory transformation in an artificial cycle might improve pregnancy outcomes. METHODS This retrospective cohort study was conducted at a Reproductive Medicine Center between 2016 and 2018. Patients aged ≤43 years at the (index) oocyte retrieval and undergoing artificially prepared frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) with at least one good-quality embryo transferred were included. The cycles were divided into two groups: The hCG group (n = 337) received an intramuscular injection of 10,000 IU hCG before secretory transformation; the control group (n = 364) performed FET without hCG administration. The primary endpoint was live birth delivery rate (LBR), secondary outcomes included implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) and ongoing pregnancy rate (OPR). RESULTS The LBR (49.9% vs 39.6%, P < 0.01), CPR (61.4% vs 50.5%, P < 0.01) and OPR (52.8% vs 43.1%, P < 0.05) were statistically significantly higher in the hCG group than the control group. The superiority in LBR after hCG administration remained significant after adjusting for confounding factors (OR 1.613, 95% CI 1.173-2.217; P < 0.01). In the subgroup analysis, the improvement in LBR was statistically significant after hCG administration for cleavage-stage embryo transfer cycles (51.2% vs 42.3%, P < 0.05), whereas for blastocyst transfer cycles, the improvement in LBR was not (45.7% vs 31.3%, P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Intramuscular hCG injection prior to secretory transformation may benefit LBR in patients undergoing artificially prepared FET cycles. But it should be noted that nonsignificant tendency towards higher LBR was observed after hCG administration in patients undergoing blastocyst transfer. So, future prospective randomized controlled studies are required to confirm, especially for blastocyst transfer cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Deng
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China.
| | - Christophe Blockeel
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, Brussels, 1090, Belgium
| | - De-Sheng Ye
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Ling Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Castillo JC, Haahr T, Martínez-Moya M, Humaidan P. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist for ovulation trigger - OHSS prevention and use of modified luteal phase support for fresh embryo transfer. Ups J Med Sci 2020; 125:131-137. [PMID: 32366146 PMCID: PMC7721056 DOI: 10.1080/03009734.2020.1736696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) trigger greatly impacted modern IVF treatment. Patients at low risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) development, undergoing fresh embryo transfer and GnRHa trigger can be offered a virtually OHSS-free treatment with non-inferior reproductive outcomes by using a modified luteal phase support in terms of small boluses of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), daily recombinant luteinizing hormone LH (rLH) or GnRHa. In the OHSS risk patient, GnRHa trigger can safely be performed, followed by a 'freeze-all' policy with a minimal risk of OHSS development and high live birth rates in the subsequent frozen embryo transfer cycle. Importantly, GnRHa trigger opened the 'black box' of the luteal phase, promoting research in the most optimal steroid levels during the luteal phase. GnRHa trigger allows high-dose gonadotropin stimulation to achieve the optimal number of oocytes and embryos needed to ensure the highest chance of live birth. This review thoroughly discusses how the GnRHa trigger concept adds safety and efficacy to modern IVF in terms of OHSS prevention. Furthermore, the optimal luteal phase management after GnRHa trigger in fresh embryo transfer cycles is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Castillo
- Instituto Bernabeu, Alicante, Spain
- CONTACT Juan Carlos Castillo Instituto Bernabeu, Av. Albufereta 31, Alicante, 03016, Spain
| | - Thor Haahr
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Fertility Clinic Skive, Skive Regional Hospital, Skive, Denmark
| | | | - Peter Humaidan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Fertility Clinic Skive, Skive Regional Hospital, Skive, Denmark
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Abdelhakim AM, Abd-ElGawad M, Hussein RS, Abbas AM. Vaginal versus intramuscular progesterone for luteal phase support in assisted reproductive techniques: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Gynecol Endocrinol 2020; 36:389-397. [PMID: 32054365 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2020.1727879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to compare the efficacy of vaginal progesterone versus intramuscular progesterone (IMP) for luteal phase support in assisted reproductive techniques (ART). A comprehensive electronic search of four electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science) was performed from inception till August 2019 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We included studies performed different ART with the use of vaginal progesterone versus IMP for luteal phase support. Our primary outcome was clinical pregnancy rate. Our secondary outcomes were ongoing pregnancy, miscarriage, live birth rates, and satisfaction in both groups. 15 RCTs met our inclusion criteria with a total of 5656 patients. Our analysis indicated no significant differences between vaginal progesterone and IMP regarding clinical and ongoing pregnancies (RR = 0.90, 95% CI [0.80, 1.00], p = .06), (RR = 0.90, 95% CI [0.76, 1.06], p = .21), respectively. No significant differences were found between both routes of progesterone in miscarriage (p = .98) and live birth (p = .99). Subgroup analysis between fresh and frozen embryo transfer cycles in above outcomes showed no difference between progesterone routes. Vaginal progesterone was significantly associated with more satisfaction compared to IMP (p < .00001). In conclusion, vaginal progesterone can be used an alternative method for luteal phase support instead of IMP in ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mohamed Abdelhakim
- Medical Research Group of Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
- Kasralainy, Faculty of medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abd-ElGawad
- Medical Research Group of Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
- Faculty of medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Reda S Hussein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ahmed M Abbas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt
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Niu C, Zheng L. Androstadienone resulted in a rightward shift of women's preference for sexually dimorphic male faces across the continuum of femininity-masculinity. Horm Behav 2020; 118:104635. [PMID: 31765659 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2019.104635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
As a derivative of testosterone, androstadienone (AND) can influence human psychological and physiological states. To explore the influence of AND on women's preferences for male sexual dimorphic faces in a mate-choice context, we asked 52 females in the luteal phase to choose one from four sexual dimorphic male faces in a long-term and short-term context while inhaling 250 μm of AND or a placebo odor on two consecutive days. Results revealed that participants had a greater and lesser preference for the +30% masculinized and 60% feminized faces, respectively, while inhaling AND, as compared to when inhaling the placebo. The AND intervention resulted in a rightward shift of the women's preference for male sexual dimorphic faces across the continuum of femininity-masculinity. The current findings highlight that AND may influence women's preference for male sexually dimorphic faces in a mate-choice context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caoyuan Niu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lijun Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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16
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Yang DZ, Griesinger G, Wang W, Gong F, Liang X, Zhang H, Sun Y, Kahler E, Pexman-Fieth C, Olofsson JI, Tournaye H, Chen ZJ. A Phase III randomized controlled trial of oral dydrogesterone versus intravaginal progesterone gel for luteal phase support in in vitro fertilization (Lotus II): results from the Chinese mainland subpopulation. Gynecol Endocrinol 2020; 36:175-183. [PMID: 31397179 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2019.1645110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lotus II, a randomized, open-label, multicenter, international study compared the efficacy and safety of oral dydrogesterone versus micronized vaginal progesterone (MVP) gel for luteal support in IVF. A prespecified subgroup analysis was performed on 239 Chinese mainland subjects from the overall study population (n = 1034), who were randomized to oral dydrogesterone 30 mg or 8% MVP gel 90 mg daily from the day of oocyte retrieval until 12 weeks of gestation. The aim was to demonstrate non-inferiority of oral dydrogesterone to MVP gel, assessed by the presence of a fetal heartbeat at 12 weeks of gestation. In the Chinese mainland subpopulation, there was a numerical difference of 9.4% in favor of oral dydrogesterone, with ongoing pregnancy rates at 12 weeks of gestation of 61.4% and 51.9% in the oral dydrogesterone and MVP gel groups, respectively (adjusted difference, 9.4%; 95% CI: -3.4 to 22.1); in the overall population, these were 38.7% and 35%, respectively (adjusted difference, 3.7%; 95% CI: -2.3 to 9.7). In both the Chinese mainland subpopulation and the overall population, dydrogesterone had similar efficacy and safety to MVP gel. With convenient oral administration, dydrogesterone has potential to transform luteal support treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Zi Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Georg Griesinger
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Gong
- Reproductive & Genetic Hospital of Citic-Xiangya, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liang
- Reproductive Medicine Research Center, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanwang Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yingpu Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | | | - Jan I Olofsson
- Abbott Products Operations AG, Allschwil, Switzerland
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Herman Tournaye
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital of the Brussels Free University, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Zi-Jiang Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Di Guardo F, Midassi H, Racca A, Tournaye H, De Vos M, Blockeel C. Luteal Phase Support in IVF: Comparison Between Evidence-Based Medicine and Real-Life Practices. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:500. [PMID: 33013681 PMCID: PMC7461775 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Luteal phase support (LPS) in assisted reproduction cycles has been widely investigated in recent years. Although progesterone represents the preferential product for luteal phase supplementation in cycles with fresh embryo transfer, there is ongoing debate as to when to start, which is the best route, dosage and duration, and whether there is a place for additional agents. Nevertheless, fertility specialists do not always adhere to evidence-based recommendations in their clinical practice. The aim of this worldwide web-based survey is to document the currently used protocols for luteal phase support and appraisal tendencies of drug prescription behavior and to compare these to the existing evidence-based literature. Material and Methods: A questionnaire was developed and sent by secure e-mail to 1,480 clinicians involved in ART worldwide. One hundred and forty-eighth clinicians from 34 countries returned completed questionnaires. Results: Progesterone support is usually started on the day of oocyte retrieval. Eighty percent of clinicians applied the administration of vaginal progesterone only. Intramuscular progesterone was prescribed by 6%, while oral progestin or subcutaneous progesterone were each prescribed by 5% of clinicians, respectively. Progesterone was administered until 8-10 weeks' gestation by 35% and 12 weeks by 52% of respondents. Conclusions: Vaginal administration was the preferred route for luteal phase support. The reported emerging use of the oral route confirms the expected shift in clinical practice as a result of recent evidence showing a reassuring safety score of oral progestins. In spite of the lack of evidence supporting the continuation of luteal support until 12 weeks' gestation, this practice was adhered to by more than half of the clinicians surveyed, highlighting the difference between evidence-based medicine and real-life practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Di Guardo
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, Gynecology and Obstetrics Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- *Correspondence: Federica Di Guardo ;
| | - Habib Midassi
- Polyclinique Ibn Annafis, Faculte de Medecine de Sfax, Universite de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Annalisa Racca
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Herman Tournaye
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michel De Vos
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christophe Blockeel
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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Saupstad M, Freiesleben NLC, Skouby SO, Andersen LF, Knudsen UB, Petersen KB, Husth M, Egeberg A, Petersen MR, Ziebe S, Andersen AN, Løssl K, Pinborg A. Preparation of the endometrium and timing of blastocyst transfer in modified natural cycle frozen-thawed embryo transfers (mNC-FET): a study protocol for a randomised controlled multicentre trial. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e031811. [PMID: 31843833 PMCID: PMC6924851 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the high number of frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles being conducted (190 000 cycles/year) in Europe, the timing of blastocyst transfer and the use of luteal phase progesterone support in modified natural cycle FET (mNC-FET) in assisted reproductive technologies are controversial. In mNC-FET, the timing of blastocyst warming and transfer is determined according to the time of implantation in a natural cycle, aiming to reach blastocyst endometrial synchronicity. However, the optimal day of blastocyst transfer following ovulation trigger is not determined. In addition, the value of luteal phase support to maintain the endometrium remains uncertain. Thus, there is a need to identify the optimal timing of blastocyst warming and transfer and the effect of luteal phase support in a randomised controlled trial design. The aim of this randomised controlled trial is to investigate if progesterone supplementation from the early luteal phase until gestational age 8 weeks is superior to no progesterone supplementation and to assess if blastocyst warming and transfer 6 days after ovulation trigger is superior to 7 days after ovulation trigger in mNC-FET with live birth rates as the primary outcome. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Multicentre, randomised, controlled, single-blinded trial including 604 normo-ovulatory women aged 18-41 years undergoing mNC-FET with a high-quality blastocyst originating from their first to third in vitro fertilisation/intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycle. Participants are randomised (1:1:1:1) to either luteal phase progesterone or no luteal phase progesterone and to blastocyst warming and transfer on day 6 or 7 after human chorionic gonadotropin trigger. Only single blastocyst transfers will be performed. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study is approved by the Danish Committee on Health Research Ethics (H-18025839), the Danish Medicines Agency (2018061319) and the Danish Data Protection Agency (VD-2018-381). The results of the study will be publicly disseminated. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER The study is registered in EudraCT (2018-002207-34) and on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03795220); Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marte Saupstad
- The Fertility Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nina La Cour Freiesleben
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Fertility Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sven Olaf Skouby
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Fertility Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Franch Andersen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Fertility Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital, Nordsjællands Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Ulla Breth Knudsen
- Kvindeafdelingen, Aarhus University Hospital, Horsens Hospital and the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Horsens, Denmark
| | - Kathrine Birch Petersen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Fertility Clinic, Zealands University Hospital, Køge Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - Merete Husth
- Fertilitetsenheden og Center for Præimplantationsdiagnostik, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Anne Egeberg
- The Fertility Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Rønn Petersen
- The Fertility Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Ziebe
- The Fertility Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Nyboe Andersen
- The Fertility Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristine Løssl
- The Fertility Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anja Pinborg
- The Fertility Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Fusi FM, Brigante CM, Zanga L, Mignini Renzini M, Bosisio C, Fadini R. GnRH agonists to sustain the luteal phase in antagonist IVF cycles: a randomized prospective trial. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2019; 17:103. [PMID: 31783862 PMCID: PMC6884808 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-019-0543-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The addition of a GnRH analogue to the luteal phase in in vitro fertilization programs has been seldom proposed due to the presence of GnRH receptors in the endometrium. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of triptorelin addition in short antagonist cycles, compared to cycles where the only supplementation was progesterone. METHODS The primary objective of this study was the study of the effect of Triptorelin addiction during the luteal phase on the live birth rate. Secondary objectives of efficacy were pregnancy rates and implantation rates, as well as safety in terms of OHSS risks. The study was a prospective, randomized, open study, performed in two independent Centers from July 2013 to October 2015. Patients were divided into three groups: a) Regular antagonist protocol, with only luteal progesterone; b) Antagonist protocol with luteal triptorelin as multiple injections, c) Antagonist protocol with luteal triptorelin as single bolus. Descriptive statistics were obtained for all the parameters. Mean and standard deviation were used for all quantitative parameters. Differences between percentages were studied using Chi-square test generalized to the comparison of several proportions. RESULTS A total number of 1344 patients completed the study, 786 under the age of 35 years, and 558 over 35 years. It was observed an increase of positive HCG results, Clinical pregnancy rates and Delivery rates when triptorelin was added in the luteal phase, irrespective whether as a single bolus or five injections. This increase was statistically significant both for pregnancy rates and delivery rates. The statistic difference between pregnancies and deliveries obtained with or without luteal triptorelin reached p < 0,01. No increase of OHSS risk was observed. CONCLUSIONS From this large study it appears that the concept of luteal phase supplementation should be revisited. From our study it appears that triptorelin addition to the luteal phase of antagonist cycles, either as a single bolus or using multiple injections, is a good tool to optimize ART results. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Provincia di Bergamo (n 1203/2013).
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco M. Fusi
- ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Piazza OMS 1, 24127 Bergamo, Italy
- 0000 0004 1757 2822grid.4708.bUniversità degli Studi Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio M. Brigante
- Biogenesi Reproductive Medicine Center , Istituti Clinici Zucchi, Monza, Italy
| | - Laura Zanga
- ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Piazza OMS 1, 24127 Bergamo, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Bosisio
- ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Piazza OMS 1, 24127 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Rubens Fadini
- Biogenesi Reproductive Medicine Center , Istituti Clinici Zucchi, Monza, Italy
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Scarinci E, Tropea A, Notaristefano G, Arena V, Alesiani O, Fabozzi SM, Lanzone A, Apa R. "Hormone of darkness" and human reproductive process: direct regulatory role of melatonin in human corpus luteum. J Endocrinol Invest 2019; 42:1191-1197. [PMID: 30912058 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-019-01036-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the possible role of melatonin on human luteal cell function. METHODS Corpora lutea were obtained from normally menstruating women (25-38 years old) in the midluteal phase (days 5-6 from ovulation) at the time of surgery for non-endocrine gynecologic diseases. The protocol was approved by the institutional review board of Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore in Rome and all patients provided written informed consent. The corpora lutea were dated on the basis of the presumptive day of ovulation (day 0) , determined by urinary luteinizing hormone (LH) peak, ultrasound detection of corpus luteum or disappearance of the dominant follicle, and a rise in the plasma P concentration. ELISA or EIA kit and immunohistochemistry were performed. RESULTS Melatonin was able to increase progesterone release and to influence the balance between luteotrophic and luteolityc factors. In addition, melatonin expression and MT2 receptor were detected, confirming the direct action of this indoleamine on CL. CONCLUSIONS Melatonin may play an intriguing role in direct regulation of CL function and in establishing and maintaining of initial pregnancy. In conclusion, melatonin could become a relevant medication for improving ovarian and luteal function and in the early stages of pregnancy, opening new opportunities for the management of several ovarian-luteal and pregnancy diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Scarinci
- Department of "Scienze della Salute della donna, del bambino e di Sanità Pubblica" della Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go Agostino Gemelli, 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.
| | - A Tropea
- Department of "Scienze della Salute della donna, del bambino e di Sanità Pubblica" della Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go Agostino Gemelli, 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - G Notaristefano
- Department of "Scienze della Salute della donna, del bambino e di Sanità Pubblica" della Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go Agostino Gemelli, 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - V Arena
- Department of Pathology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - O Alesiani
- Department of "Scienze della Salute della donna, del bambino e di Sanità Pubblica" della Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go Agostino Gemelli, 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - S M Fabozzi
- Department of "Scienze della Salute della donna, del bambino e di Sanità Pubblica" della Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go Agostino Gemelli, 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - A Lanzone
- Department of "Scienze della Salute della donna, del bambino e di Sanità Pubblica" della Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go Agostino Gemelli, 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - R Apa
- Department of "Scienze della Salute della donna, del bambino e di Sanità Pubblica" della Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go Agostino Gemelli, 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
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Dupuis S, Dani V, Fatfouta I, Staccini P, Delotte J. [Impact of luteal phase support by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in intrauterine inseminations]. Gynecol Obstet Fertil Senol 2019; 47:739-746. [PMID: 31336184 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of our study is to evaluate the impact of luteal phase support by hCG in intrauterine inseminations preceded by ovarian gonadotropin stimulation. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted at the CHU of Nice between March 1, 2016 and October 31, 2017. During this period, 300 intrauterine inseminations were included in data analysis. Ovarian stimulation was performed by gonadotropins and a GnRH antagonist was added, if needed. Following a modification of standard operative procedure in the department, patients who performed an intrauterine insemination from December 1, 2016 received luteal phase support with two injections of hCG 1500 IU, performed at three days of interval. Pregnancy and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome were the primary and secondary study endpoints, respectively. RESULTS Out of 300 inseminations included in the analysis, 144 were performed with luteal phase support and 156 without support. No statistically significant difference in pregnancy rate was observed between these two groups (19.4% of pregnancy in the luteal phase support group and 15.38% in the group without luteal phase support, P=0.353). No ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome occurred over the course of the study. CONCLUSION Our study shows a slight improvement of pregnancy rate in the group subjected to luteal phase support by hCG after intrauterine insemination, but the benefit was not significant. A randomised prospective study based on a large cohort could help to assess the effect of luteal phase support during intrauterine inseminations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dupuis
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, université Côte d'Azur, affiliation centre hospitalier universitaire de Nice, Archet 2, 151, route Saint-Antoine de Ginestière, 06202 Nice cedex 3, France
| | - V Dani
- Institut de Biologie Valrose UMR7277, université Côte d'Azur, 06000 Nice, France
| | - I Fatfouta
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, université Côte d'Azur, affiliation centre hospitalier universitaire de Nice, Archet 2, 151, route Saint-Antoine de Ginestière, 06202 Nice cedex 3, France
| | - P Staccini
- Département « ingénierie du risque et informatique de santé », UMR 912 SESSTIM Inserm, université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 06202 Nice, France
| | - J Delotte
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, université Côte d'Azur, affiliation centre hospitalier universitaire de Nice, Archet 2, 151, route Saint-Antoine de Ginestière, 06202 Nice cedex 3, France.
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Ye H, Luo X, Pei L, Li F, Li C, Chen Y, Zhang X, Huang G. The addition of single dose GnRH agonist to luteal phase support in artificial cycle frozen embryo transfer: a randomized clinical trial. Gynecol Endocrinol 2019; 35:618-622. [PMID: 30700175 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2018.1563888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This prospective randomized clinical trial (RCT) was to evaluate the effect of single-dose gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) in artificial cycle frozen-embryo transfer (AC-FET). A total of 868 FET cycles were included and randomized into two groups: Group A (n = 434) received GnRHa 0.1 mg subcutaneous injection on day 3 after embryo transfer (ET); Group B (n = 434) did not receive GnRHa. The demographic characteristics, primary endpoint (implantation rate) and secondary endpoints (chemical pregnancy rate, clinical pregnancy rate, ongoing pregnancy rate) were compared between two groups and subgroups (aged <35 years and 35-37 years). There were no significant differences in terms of the rates of implantation, clinical pregnancy, ongoing pregnancy, and miscarriage between two groups. While, the subgroups analysis showed the implantation rate was significantly increased in advanced age women (35-37 years) in GnRHa group compared with control group (45.3% vs. 27.8%, p = .03). In conclusion, single dose of GnRHa (0.1 mg triptorelin acetate) supplementation 3 days after ET in AC-FET cycles did not show significant benefit on pregnancy outcomes as a whole. However, in ageing women subgroup, the implantation rate was increasing by adding up GnRHa in peri-implantation periods, and this tendency needs to be further demonstrated by RCT with larger sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ye
- a Chongqing Maternity and Children Health Care Hospital , Institute of Genetics and Reproduction , Chongqing , P.R. China
| | - Xiu Luo
- a Chongqing Maternity and Children Health Care Hospital , Institute of Genetics and Reproduction , Chongqing , P.R. China
| | - Li Pei
- a Chongqing Maternity and Children Health Care Hospital , Institute of Genetics and Reproduction , Chongqing , P.R. China
| | - Fujie Li
- a Chongqing Maternity and Children Health Care Hospital , Institute of Genetics and Reproduction , Chongqing , P.R. China
| | - Chunli Li
- a Chongqing Maternity and Children Health Care Hospital , Institute of Genetics and Reproduction , Chongqing , P.R. China
| | - Yueduo Chen
- a Chongqing Maternity and Children Health Care Hospital , Institute of Genetics and Reproduction , Chongqing , P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- a Chongqing Maternity and Children Health Care Hospital , Institute of Genetics and Reproduction , Chongqing , P.R. China
| | - Guoning Huang
- a Chongqing Maternity and Children Health Care Hospital , Institute of Genetics and Reproduction , Chongqing , P.R. China
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Chi H, Li R, Qiao J, Chen X, Wang X, Hao G, Wu Q, Cao Y, Cai L, Ye H, Zhu Y, Wang S, Zhang X, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Lv Q, Sun Y, Li H, Huang X, Wang F. Vaginal progesterone gel is non-inferior to intramuscular progesterone in efficacy with acceptable tolerability for luteal phase support: A prospective, randomized, multicenter study in China. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2019; 237:100-105. [PMID: 31035117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Research suggests the efficacy of progesterone for luteal phase support in assisted reproduction cycles using gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues. Our study objective was to compare the efficacy of two available preparations of progesterone, vaginal gel and intramuscular injection, for luteal phase support in assisted reproduction cycles. STUDY DESIGN This study included data gathered from 18 reproductive centers in China. Subjects were randomly allocated to receive progesterone gel or intramuscular progesterone (IMP). The progesterone gel group received micronized progesterone in gel (8%, 90 mg) once daily; the IMP group received IMP (progesterone oil) once daily. The ongoing pregnancy rate was calculated (number of women with a viable pregnancy at 12 weeks divided by the number of women who had undergone an oocyte pickup cycle). RESULTS A total of 1313 patients were enrolled in the study, 1248 of whom began treatment. The intention-to-treat set included 527 and 531 patients in the gel and IMP groups, respectively. The ongoing pregnancy rate in the progesterone gel group was non-inferior to that in the IMP group (48.4% [95% confidence interval (CI): 44.0, 52.8] vs. 46.3% [95% CI: 42.0, 50.7]); the between-group rate difference was 2.1% (-4.0, 8.1). There was no difference between the gel group and IMP group on most secondary endpoints, including implantation rate, biochemical pregnancy rate, clinical pregnancy rate, multiple pregnancy rate, early abortion rate, and vaginal bleeding rate, but there was a between-group difference in luteal phase bleeding rate. The safety analysis showed no difference in the incidence of total adverse events. CONCLUSIONS Progesterone gel showed good efficacy and safety outcomes and therefore provides an alternative method of luteal support in Chinese in vitro fertilization patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Chi
- Peking University Third Hospital, IVF Center, No. 49, North Garden Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, PR China.
| | - Rong Li
- Peking University Third Hospital, IVF Center, No. 49, North Garden Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, PR China.
| | - Jie Qiao
- Peking University Third Hospital, IVF Center, No. 49, North Garden Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, PR China.
| | - Xiujuan Chen
- The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, No. 1, North Road, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, PR China.
| | - Xingling Wang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 7, Heping Qianjie, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, PR China.
| | - Guimin Hao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215, Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, PR China.
| | - Qiongfang Wu
- Jiangxi Maternal and Child Hospital, No. 318, Bayi Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, PR China.
| | - Yunxia Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218, Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, PR China.
| | - Liyi Cai
- Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No. 48, Yushu Lane, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Hong Ye
- Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, No. 64, Jingtang Street, Qixinggang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Yimin Zhu
- Women's Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 1, Xueshi Road, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
| | - Shuyu Wang
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, No. 251, Yaojiayuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 1, Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, PR China.
| | - Cuilian Zhang
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, No. 7, Weiwu, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, PR China.
| | - Yunshan Zhang
- Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, No. 156, Nankai Sanma Road, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Qun Lv
- Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, No. 32, West Second Section First Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Yingpu Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, PR China.
| | - Hong Li
- Suzhou Municipal Hospital, No. 26, Daoqian Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Xuefeng Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
| | - Fang Wang
- Chengdu Women's & Children's Central Hospital, No. 1617, Riyue Avenue, Qingyang District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, PR China.
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Ginsburg ES, Jellerette-Nolan T, Daftary G, Du Y, Silverberg KM. Patient experience in a randomized trial of a weekly progesterone vaginal ring versus a daily progesterone gel for luteal support after in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril 2019; 110:1101-1108.e3. [PMID: 30396554 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess patient experience and convenience of using progesterone vaginal ring (VR) versus vaginal gel for women requiring luteal phase support during in vitro fertilization (IVF). DESIGN Post hoc analysis of a prospective, randomized, single-blind, multicenter, phase 3 clinical trial. SETTING Twenty-two U.S. IVF centers. PATIENT(S) Women undergoing IVF (N = 1,297). INTERVENTION(S) Randomization to weekly VR or daily gel the day after egg retrieval for up to 10 weeks, with fresh embryo transfer IVF per site-specific procedures. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Patient satisfaction questionnaire completed at final study visit. RESULT(S) In the women who were taking ≥1 dose of either VR (n = 647) or gel (n = 650), >97% reported that learning to use the formulation, remembering to take it at the correct time, and using it as prescribed was "easy" or "somewhat easy." More VR than gel users reported noninterference with daily activity (93.3% vs. 74.7%, P<.001), sexual comfort (80.3% vs. 67.8%, P<.001), and sexual desire (73.8% vs. 61.8%, P<.001), as well as not being bothered during sexual intercourse (66.9% vs. 39.2%, P<.001). More gel than VR users reported no difficulty with application (97.4% vs. 80.9%, P<.001). Among women who had previously used progesterone during IVF, more VR users than gel users preferred their currently assigned treatment to their previous treatment (91.4% vs. 83.0%, P=.03). CONCLUSION(S) Weekly progesterone VR and daily progesterone gel were easy to use, with limited impact on quality of life. Overall, the VR appeared to interfere less with daily life, social activities, and sexual activity although the gel was less difficult or stressful to apply. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT00615251.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Ginsburg
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | | | | | - Yunling Du
- Ferring International Pharmascience Center US, Parsippany, New Jersey
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Griesinger G, Blockeel C, Tournaye H. Oral dydrogesterone for luteal phase support in fresh in vitro fertilization cycles: a new standard? Fertil Steril 2018; 109:756-762. [PMID: 29778368 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Oral dydrogesterone has been used for luteal phase support on an empirical basis since the early days of in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. Systematic comparisons of oral dydrogesterone with vaginal progesterone, so far considered to be the standard of care, started to appear in the middle 2000s. Recently, a large, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy phase III trial on the use of daily 30 mg oral dydrogesterone versus daily 600 mg micronized vaginal progesterone for LPS in IVF was published. This company-sponsored trial confirmed the efficacy findings from previous independent researchers and firmly established the noninferiority of daily 30 mg oral dydrogesterone for luteal phase support. Despite oral administration and first pass through the liver, dydrogesterone was as well tolerated as vaginal progesterone in safety analyses. Moreover, no new fetal safety concerns have arisen from that trial. Given the widespread preference of women for an oral compound, dydrogesterone may well become the new standard for luteal phase support in fresh embryo transfer IVF cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Griesinger
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany.
| | - Christophe Blockeel
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Herman Tournaye
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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Gram A, Redmer DA, Kowalewski MP, Dorsam ST, Valkov V, Warang P, Reyaz A, Bass CS, Kaminski SL, Grazul-Bilska AT. Angiopoietin expression in ovine corpora lutea during the luteal phase: Effects of nutrition, arginine and follicle stimulating hormone. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 269:131-140. [PMID: 30195024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate angiopoietin (ANGPT) 1 and 2, and tyrosine-protein kinase receptor 2 (TIE2) expression in the corpora lutea (CL) of FSH-treated, or non-treated sheep administered arginine (Arg) or vehicle (saline, Sal), and fed a control (C), excess (O) or restricted (U) diet. Ewes from each dietary group were treated with Arg or Sal (experiment 1), and with FSH (experiment 2). Luteal tissues were collected at the early-, mid- and/or late-luteal phases of the estrous cycle. Protein and mRNA expression was determined using immunohistochemistry followed by image analysis, and quantitative RT-PCR, respectively. The results demonstrated that ANGPT1 and TIE2 proteins were localized to luteal capillaries and endothelial cells of larger blood vessels, and ANGPT2 was localized to tunica media of larger blood vessels. TIE2 protein was also present in luteal cells. In experiment 1, ANGPT1 protein expression was greater in O than C during early- and mid-luteal phases, and was greatest during late-luteal phase, less at the mid- and least at the early-luteal phase; 2) TIE2 protein expression was greatest at the mid-, less at the early- and least at the late-luteal phase; 3) ANGPT1 and 2 mRNA expression was greater at the mid- and late- than the early-luteal phase, and TIE2 mRNA expression was greatest at the late-, less at the mid- and least at the early-luteal phase. The ANGPT1/2 ratio was less at the early- than mid- or late-luteal phases. In experiment 2, ANGPT1 protein expression was greater in O during the mid-luteal phase than in other groups, and was greater at the mid- than early-luteal phase. TIE2 protein expression was highest at the mid-, less at the early- and least during the late-luteal phase. ANGPT1 and 2, and TIE2 mRNA expression was higher at the mid- than the early-luteal phase. During mid-luteal phase, ANGPT1 mRNA expression was greater in C than O and U, ANGPT2 was greatest in C, less in O and least in U, and TIE2 mRNA expression was greater in C than O and U. The ANGPT1/2 ratio was higher in U than in any other group. Comparison of FSH vs. Sal treatment effects (experiment 2 vs. experiment 1) demonstrated that FSH affected ANGPT1 and/or -2, and TIE2 protein and mRNA expression depending on luteal phase and/or diet. Thus, expression of ANGPTs and TIE2 in the CL changes during the luteal lifespan, indicating their involvement in luteal vascular formation, stabilization and degradation. Moreover, this study has demonstrated that plane of nutrition and/or FSH treatment affect the ANGPT system, and may alter luteal vascularity and luteal function in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aykut Gram
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dale A Redmer
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Mariusz P Kowalewski
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sheri T Dorsam
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Veselina Valkov
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Prajakta Warang
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Arshi Reyaz
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Casie S Bass
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Samantha L Kaminski
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Anna T Grazul-Bilska
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA.
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Alur-Gupta S, Hopeman M, Berger DS, Gracia C, Barnhart KT, Coutifaris C, Senapati S. Impact of method of endometrial preparation for frozen blastocyst transfer on pregnancy outcome: a retrospective cohort study. Fertil Steril 2018; 110:680-686. [PMID: 30196965 PMCID: PMC6186459 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether live birth rates differ by type of endometrial preparation in frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Academic fertility center. PATIENT(S) Reproductive-aged women undergoing autologous vitrified-warmed blastocyst FETs. INTERVENTION(S) Comparison of two methods of endometrial preparation: programmed FET (known as group A: luteal phase GnRH agonist suppression, oral E2, and IM P starting 5 days before ET) versus unstimulated FET (known as group B: hormone and ultrasound monitoring for follicle collapse to time transfer). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Live birth rates in group A and group B. RESULT(S) Group A consisted of 923 cycles, and group B consisted of 105. When stratified by age at transfer, there was no difference in any of the measured outcomes, including live birth rates in adjusted models (adjusted odds ratio 1.0, 95% confidence interval 0.6-1.5), except in patients older than 40 years. These patients in group B had a 100% failure rate (n = 6). CONCLUSION(S) In most women, unstimulated endometrial preparation with luteal support before FET has similar success compared with exogenous hormone preparation. Women older than 40 years may benefit from programmed FETs owing to the challenges of increased cycle variability expected in that age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snigdha Alur-Gupta
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Margaret Hopeman
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dara S Berger
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Clarisa Gracia
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kurt T Barnhart
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Christos Coutifaris
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Suneeta Senapati
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Abstract
Isotretinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid) is a pharmaceutical vitamin A analog that is frequently used in the treatment of severe cystic acne, many women at reproductive age being exposed to this substance. This drug has a clearly documented teratogenicity and data from rodents and humans indicate that a direct aggression to ovarian follicles also occurs. Here we report the case of a 29-year-old woman with breast cancer referred for emergency preservation of reproductive potential that used isotretinoin up to the day before the initiation of ovarian stimulation. Ultrasound scan showed an antral follicle count of 17 and 13 follicles on the right and the left ovary, respectively, and her antimüllerian hormone levels were 4.03 ng/ml. Standard ovarian stimulation for oocyte vitrification in oncological patients was initiated during the luteal phase and final estradiol levels were 49 pg/ml. Three mature oocytes were obtained. Other four oocytes were retrieved in the germinal vesicle and metaphase I developmental stage, all of which matured in vitro in the following 30 h and were also vitrified. Response to ovarian stimulation, both in terms of the number of mature oocytes obtained and serum sex steroids production were in the lower range of what is observed in patients with a similar clinical profile. These findings suggest that isotretinoin impairs follicular-oocyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Cozzolino
- a Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad - IVI Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Javier Domingo
- b Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad - IVI Las Palmas , Las Palmas , Spain
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Vanetik S, Segal L, Breizman T, Kol S. Day two post retrieval 1500 IUI hCG bolus, progesterone-free luteal support post GnRH agonist trigger - a proof of concept study. Gynecol Endocrinol 2018; 34:132-135. [PMID: 28933569 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2017.1379496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Small dose of hCG (1500 IU) on the day of oocyte retrieval, followed by daily progesterone administration, is currently the preferred way to secure adequate luteal support following GnRH agonist trigger. In the current proof-of-concept study, we explored the possibility that a bolus of 1500 IU hCG, given two days after oocyte retrieval, may be sufficient to sustain adequate luteal support without additional progesterone treatment. From February 2015 to August 2016, we obtained 44 pregnancies following GnRHa trigger followed by day 2 hCG (1500 IU) support only (study group). Data from these 44 cycles were compared with the latest 44 pregnancies obtained following hCG (6500 IU) trigger followed by conventional progesterone luteal documented (control group). Mean progesterone levels (14 days postoocyte retrieval) in the study and control groups were 197 nmol/l and 173 nmol/l, respectively (NS). Mean E2 levels (14 days post oocyte retrieval) in the study group was 6937 pmol/l, significantly higher (p < .001) than in the control group (3.276 pmol/l). We conclude that bolus of 1500 IU hCG, administered 2 days after retrieval, can provide excellent support, without the need to further supplement with progesterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Vanetik
- a Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of medicine , Technion - Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa , Israel
| | - Linoy Segal
- a Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of medicine , Technion - Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa , Israel
| | - Tatiana Breizman
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , IVF Unit , Haifa , Israel
| | - Shahar Kol
- a Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of medicine , Technion - Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa , Israel
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , IVF Unit , Haifa , Israel
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30
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Lainas GT, Lainas TG, Venetis CA, Sfontouris IA, Zorzovilis IZ, Alexopoulou E, Tarlatzis BC, Kolibianakis EM. Ultrasound and hematological changes during early luteal phase in women at high risk for developing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2018; 51:126-133. [PMID: 29105961 DOI: 10.1002/uog.18949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess ultrasound and hematological changes during the early luteal phase following triggering of final oocyte maturation with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in women at high risk for developing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of 319 women undergoing in-vitro fertilization who were at high risk for OHSS following administration of hCG for the triggering of final oocyte maturation. Patients were treated with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist or antagonist protocol and were monitored for 5 days post-oocyte retrieval (early luteal phase). Severe OHSS was diagnosed in the presence of at least moderate ascites and two or more of the following: maximum ovarian diameter (MOD) > 100 mm, hematocrit (Ht) > 45%, white blood cell count (WBC) > 15 000/mm3 , hydrothorax, dyspnea and oliguria. Outcome measures included change in Ht, ascites grade, WBC and MOD, as well as the association between these changes during the early luteal phase. RESULTS Ascites grade, Ht and WBC increased significantly (P ≤ 0.001) during the early luteal phase, both in patients who developed and in those who did not develop severe early OHSS. MOD increased significantly (P = 0.001) only in patients who developed severe early OHSS. On multivariable analysis, both time following oocyte retrieval and whether severe early OHSS developed were significantly associated with ascites grade, Ht, WBC and MOD; furthermore, there was also a significant interaction between time and development of severe early OHSS for all four variables (P ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In women at high risk of OHSS, ascites grade, Ht and WBC significantly increased with time over the 5-day observation period, in line with the pathophysiology of the syndrome. Our data support the use of MOD in the diagnosis of severe early OHSS, and provide novel evidence for the role of change in Ht as a patient-specific hemoconcentration marker during development of OHSS. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- G T Lainas
- Eugonia Assisted Reproduction Unit, Athens, Greece
| | - T G Lainas
- Eugonia Assisted Reproduction Unit, Athens, Greece
| | - C A Venetis
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, St George Hospital, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Kogarah, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - E Alexopoulou
- 2nd Department of Radiology, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - B C Tarlatzis
- Unit for Human Reproduction, 1st Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - E M Kolibianakis
- Unit for Human Reproduction, 1st Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Tannus S, Burke Y, McCartney CR, Kol S. GnRH-agonist triggering for final oocyte maturation in GnRH-antagonist IVF cycles induces decreased LH pulse rate and amplitude in early luteal phase: a possible luteolysis mechanism. Gynecol Endocrinol 2017; 33:741-745. [PMID: 28440715 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2017.1318275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of GnRH agonist to trigger final oocyte maturation in GnRH-antagonist in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles has been shown to significantly reduce or even eliminate the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) by inducing rapid luteolysis early in the luteal phase. The exact mechanism of this early luteolysis is still widely unknown. Since luteinizing hormone (LH) has a major role in corpus luteum support, we sought to explore the pattern of LH secretion early in the luteal phase. Ten high risk patients for developing OHSS and triggered with GnRH agonist were included. Frequent blood sampling (every 20 min for 6 h) to measure LH, estradiol and progesterone was done on the day of oocyte collection (n = 5, Group 1) and on the day of embryo transfer, 48 h after oocyte collection (n = 5, Group 2). We found that the mean LH concentration and its secretion rate decreased significantly in Group 2 compared to Group 1. Both groups had similar number of LH pulses characterized by very small amplitude. In Group 2, there was a steady significant decrease in estradiol and progesterone over time. The results of this study show that LH secretion deviates significantly from normal physiologic pattern, which can explain, at least in part, the post-GnRH-agonist trigger early luteolysis mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Tannus
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Rambam Health Care Campus , Haifa , Israel
- b McGill Reproductive Center, McGill University, Royal Victoria Hospital , Montreal, Québec
| | - Yechiel Burke
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Rambam Health Care Campus , Haifa , Israel
| | - Christopher R McCartney
- c Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Department of Medicine) , Center for Research in Reproduction, University of Virginia School of Medicine , Charlottesville , Virginia , USA , and
| | - Shahar Kol
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Rambam Health Care Campus , Haifa , Israel
- d The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa , Israel
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Armbruster D, Kirschbaum C, Strobel A. The not-so-bitter pill: Effects of combined oral contraceptives on peripheral physiological indicators of emotional reactivity. Horm Behav 2017; 94:97-105. [PMID: 28676251 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Combined oral contraceptives (COC) are used by millions of women worldwide. Although findings are not entirely consistent, COC have been found to impact on brain function and, thus, to modulate affective processes. Here, we investigated electro-physiological responses to emotional stimuli in free cycling women in both the early follicular and late luteal phase as well as in COC users. Skin conductance response (SCR), startle reflex, corrugator and zygomaticus activity were assessed. COC users showed reduced overall startle magnitude and SCR amplitude, but heightened overall zygomaticus activity, although effect sizes were small. Thus, COC users displayed reduced physiological reactions indicating negative affect and enhanced physiological responses signifying positive affect. In free cycling women, endogenous 17β-estradiol levels were associated with fear potentiated startle in both cycle phases as well as with SCR and zygomaticus activity during the follicular phase. Testosterone was associated with corrugator and zygomaticus activity during the luteal phase, while progesterone levels correlated with corrugator activity in the follicular phase. To the contrary, in COC users, endogenous hormones were not associated with electro-physiological measures. The results further underscore the importance of considering COC use in psychophysiological studies on emotional processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Armbruster
- Personality and Individual Differences, Institute of Psychology I, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Clemens Kirschbaum
- Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology I, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Strobel
- Personality and Individual Differences, Institute of Psychology I, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Aslih N, Ellenbogen A, Shavit T, Michaeli M, Yakobi D, Shalom-Paz E. Can we alter pregnancy outcome by adjusting progesterone treatment at mid-luteal phase: a randomized controlled trial. Gynecol Endocrinol 2017; 33:602-606. [PMID: 28277886 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2017.1298742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study aimed to determine whether mid-luteal serum P concentrations can serve as a predictive factor for in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes and whether increasing P dosage for patients with low levels at mid-luteal phase may improve pregnancy rates. It was a prospective, randomized controlled study. A total of 146 patients undergoing IVF treatment were prospectively enrolled and received routine luteal phase support (LPS) regimen of Endometrin® (progesterone) 200 mg/day. Serum P levels were measured 7 days after embryo transfer (ET). Considering a cutoff level of 15 ng/ml on this day, patients with higher levels continued the same dosage until pregnancy test (control group). Patients with lower levels were randomly allocated to continue Endometrin® 200 mg/day (Group A) or to increase Endometrin® dosage to 300 mg/day (Group B). The Main Outcome Measures were pregnancy rates. Both biochemical and clinical pregnancy and live birth rates were comparable between all groups regardless of P level on day 7 of luteal phase and regardless of dose adjustment. ROC analysis determined that mid-luteal P levels of 17 ng/ml can be a better predictor of cycle outcome. In conclusion raising the P dose at mid-luteal phase to 300 mg daily did not improve cycle outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nardin Aslih
- a IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, The Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Hadera , Israel
| | - Adrian Ellenbogen
- a IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, The Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Hadera , Israel
| | - Tal Shavit
- a IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, The Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Hadera , Israel
| | - Medeia Michaeli
- a IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, The Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Hadera , Israel
| | - Devora Yakobi
- a IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, The Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Hadera , Israel
| | - Einat Shalom-Paz
- a IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, The Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Hadera , Israel
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Lawrenz B, Garrido N, Samir S, Ruiz F, Melado L, Fatemi HM. Individual luteolysis pattern after GnRH-agonist trigger for final oocyte maturation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176600. [PMID: 28459828 PMCID: PMC5411051 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Final oocyte maturation using GnRH-agonist trigger in a GnRH-antagonist protocol is increasingly common, as ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome is almost completely avoided. However, this approach might lead to reduced pregnancy rates due to severe luteolysis. This proof of concept study evaluated the extend of luteolysis by measuring progesterone levels 48 hours after oocyte retrieval in 51 patients, who received GnRH-agonist trigger for final oocyte maturation in a GnRH-antagonist protocol due to the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. It was shown, that luteolysis after GnRHa-trigger differs greatly among patients, with progesterone levels ranging from 13.0 ng/ml to ≥ 60.0 ng/ml, 48 hours after oocyte retrieval. Significant positive correlations could be demonstrated between progesterone levels and the number of ovarian stimulation and suppression days (p = 0.006 and p = 0.002 respectively), the total amount of medication used for ovarian suppression (p = 0.015), the level of progesterone on the day of final oocyte maturation (p = 0.008) and the number of retrieved oocytes (p = 0.019). Therefore it was concluded, that luteolysis after GnRH-agonist trigger is patient-specific and also luteal phase support requires individualization. Longer stimulation duration as well as a higher level of progesterone on the day of final oocyte maturation and more retrieved oocytes will result in higher levels of progesterone 48 hours after oocyte retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Lawrenz
- IVF department, IVI Middle-East Fertility Clinic, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Obstetrical Department, Women´s university hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Suzan Samir
- IVF department, IVI Middle-East Fertility Clinic, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Francisco Ruiz
- IVF department, IVI Middle-East Fertility Clinic, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Laura Melado
- IVF department, IVI Middle-East Fertility Clinic, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Human M. Fatemi
- IVF department, IVI Middle-East Fertility Clinic, Abu Dhabi, UAE
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35
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Orazov MR, Radzinskiy VE, Nosenko EN, Khamoshina MB, Lebedeva MG, Tokaeva ES, Barsegyan LK, Novginov DS, Zakirova YR, Minayeva AV. Combination therapeutic options in the treatment of the luteal phase deficiency. Gynecol Endocrinol 2017; 33:1-4. [PMID: 29264988 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2017.1399695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Luteal phase deficiency (LPD) is described as a condition of insufficient progesterone exposure to maintain a regular secretory endometrium and allow for normal embryo implantation and growth. There is evidence that both follicular and luteal phase abnormalities can result in LPD cycles. The aim of this randomized prospective noncomparative study is to evaluate the effectiveness of combination therapy in patients with LPD. This prospective study included 35 women of the reproductive age. They were diagnosed with the LPD with sonographically and laboratory-verified methods. The age of patients was 36 ± 0.46 years. The results of the study sonographically demonstrated an increase in the diameter of the corpus luteum from 1.36 ± 0.32 (initially) to 2.16 ± 0.21 mm after combination therapy. In addition, there was a statistically significant increase in the level of estrogens and progesterone in the corresponding phases of the menstrual cycle. Thus, the combination therapy for patients with LPD contributes to the recovery of cyclic events in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal system, which determines the restoration of the endocrine function of the ovaries and promotes adequate secretory rearrangement of the endometrium in women of reproductive age.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Orazov
- a Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University) , Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - V E Radzinskiy
- a Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University) , Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - E N Nosenko
- b Odessa National Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Ukraine , Odessa , Ukraine
| | - M B Khamoshina
- a Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University) , Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - M G Lebedeva
- a Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University) , Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - E S Tokaeva
- a Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University) , Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - L K Barsegyan
- a Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University) , Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - D S Novginov
- a Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University) , Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Y R Zakirova
- a Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University) , Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - A V Minayeva
- a Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University) , Moscow , Russian Federation
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36
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Seikkula J, Anttila L, Polo-Kantola P, Bloigu R, Engblom J, Tinkanen H, Jokimaa V. Effect of mid-luteal phase GnRH agonist on frozen-thawed embryo transfers during natural menstrual cycles: a randomised clinical pilot study. Gynecol Endocrinol 2016; 32:961-964. [PMID: 27348542 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2016.1196176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This prospective randomised crossover study evaluated the effect of mid-luteal single-dose gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (triptoreline) on pregnancy outcomes in natural-cycle frozen embryo transfers (FETs). Ninety-eight women were randomised to receive either standard luteal support with vaginal micronised progesterone or an additional single dose of 0.1 mg triptoreline at the time of implantation. The intervention group was composed of 65 FET cycles and the control group of 62 cycles. In the intervention group, there were more positive pregnancy tests, clinical pregnancies and live births, but the differences did not reach statistical significance. The mean beta human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) concentration of singleton pregnancies was significantly lower in the intervention group compared to the control group (p = 0.048). No difference was detected in the median birth weight of the newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaana Seikkula
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Central Ostrobothnia Central Hospital , Kokkola , Finland
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Turku University Hospital and University of Turku , Turku , Finland
| | | | - Päivi Polo-Kantola
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Turku University Hospital and University of Turku , Turku , Finland
| | - Risto Bloigu
- d Medical Informatics and Statistics Research Group, University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland
| | - Janne Engblom
- e Department of Mathematics and Statistics , University of Turku , Turku , Finland , and
| | - Helena Tinkanen
- f Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere , Tampere , Finland
| | - Varpu Jokimaa
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Turku University Hospital and University of Turku , Turku , Finland
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Ding N, Chang J, Jian Q, Liang X, Liang Z, Wang F. Luteal phase clomiphene citrate for ovulation induction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gynecol Endocrinol 2016; 32:866-871. [PMID: 27425581 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2016.1197196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy of late luteal phase clomiphene citrate (CC) administration relative to early follicular phase CC for ovulation induction for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). STUDY DESIGN Review. MATERIALS AND METHODS A complete electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and CBM were searched for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The search was not restricted by language and publication time. Two reviewers selected trials and assessed trial quality by the Cochrane Handbook 5.1.0 independently. RESULTS Four eligible RCT studies involving 708 women (934 cycles) were included. The results of the Meta-analysis: Late luteal phase group was associated with a number of higher total follicles (MD 1.82; 95% CI 0.86-2.78, p < 0.00001) and significant higher endometrial thickness on the day of HCG (MD 0.88; 95% CI 0.78-0.99, p < 0.00001) compared with early follicular group. There were no significant differences in the rate of pregnancy (RR 1.29; 95% CI 0.83-2.01, p = 0.26), ovulation rate (RR 0.99; 95% CI 0.86-1.14, p = 0.87), and abortion rate (RR 1.12; 95% CI 0.38 to 3.29, p = 0.84) between the two groups. CONCLUSION It appeared that late luteal phase CC for ovulation induction might be an effective method for ovulation induction in women with PCOS compared to conventional CC administration. Further intensive randomized-controlled studies should be warranted to define the efficacy of CC used in late luteal phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Ding
- a Reproductive Medicine Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital , Lanzhou City , China and
| | - Jianbo Chang
- b Evidence-Based Medicine Centre of Lanzhou University, School of Basic Medicine Sciences of Lanzhou University , Lanzhou City , China
| | - Qiliang Jian
- a Reproductive Medicine Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital , Lanzhou City , China and
| | - Xuefei Liang
- a Reproductive Medicine Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital , Lanzhou City , China and
| | - Zhongzhen Liang
- a Reproductive Medicine Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital , Lanzhou City , China and
| | - Fang Wang
- a Reproductive Medicine Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital , Lanzhou City , China and
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Hamstra DA, de Kloet ER, Tollenaar M, Verkuil B, Manai M, Putman P, Van der Does W. Mineralocorticoid receptor haplotype moderates the effects of oral contraceptives and menstrual cycle on emotional information processing. J Psychopharmacol 2016; 30:1054-61. [PMID: 27222270 DOI: 10.1177/0269881116647504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The processing of emotional information is affected by menstrual cycle phase and by the use of oral contraceptives (OCs). The stress hormone cortisol is known to affect emotional information processing via the limbic mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). OBJECTIVES We investigated in an exploratory study whether the MR-genotype moderates the effect of both OC-use and menstrual cycle phase on emotional cognition. METHODS Healthy premenopausal volunteers (n=93) of West-European descent completed a battery of emotional cognition tests. Forty-nine participants were OC users and 44 naturally cycling, 21 of whom were tested in the early follicular (EF) and 23 in the mid-luteal (ML) phase of the menstrual cycle. RESULTS In MR-haplotype 1/3 carriers, ML women gambled more than EF women when their risk to lose was relatively small. In MR-haplotype 2, ML women gambled more than EF women, regardless of their odds of winning. OC-users with MR-haplotype 1/3 recognised fewer facial expressions than ML women with MR-haplotype 1/3. CONCLUSION MR-haplotype 1/3 carriers may be more sensitive to the influence of their female hormonal status. MR-haplotype 2 carriers showed more risky decision-making. As this may reflect optimistic expectations, this finding may support previous observations in female carriers of MR-haplotype 2 in a naturalistic cohort study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle A Hamstra
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands Leiden Institute of Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - E Ronald de Kloet
- Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke Tollenaar
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands Leiden Institute of Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Bart Verkuil
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands Leiden Institute of Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Meriem Manai
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands Leiden Institute of Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Putman
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands Leiden Institute of Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Willem Van der Does
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands Leiden Institute of Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Barbosa MWP, Silva LR, Navarro PA, Ferriani RA, Nastri CO, Martins WP. Dydrogesterone vs progesterone for luteal-phase support: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016; 48:161-170. [PMID: 26577241 DOI: 10.1002/uog.15814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the effects of dydrogesterone and progesterone for luteal-phase support (LPS) in women undergoing assisted reproductive techniques (ART). METHODS We performed a systematic review to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) by searching the following electronic databases: Cochrane CENTRAL, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, ISRCTN Registry and WHO ICTRP. RESULTS The last search was performed in October 2015. Eight RCTs were considered eligible and were included in the review and meta-analyses. There was no relevant difference between oral dydrogesterone and vaginal progesterone for LPS with respect to rate of ongoing pregnancy (risk ratio (RR), 1.04 (95% CI, 0.92-1.18); I(2) , 0%; seven RCTs, 3134 women), clinical pregnancy (RR, 1.07 (95% CI, 0.93-1.23); I(2) , 34%; eight RCTs, 3809 women) or miscarriage (RR, 0.77 (95% CI, 0.53-1.10); I(2) , 0%; seven RCTs, 906 clinical pregnancies). Two of the three studies reporting on dissatisfaction of treatment identified lower levels of dissatisfaction among women using oral dydrogesterone than among women using vaginal progesterone (oral dydrogesterone vs vaginal progesterone capsules: 2/79 (2.5%) vs 90/351 (25.6%), respectively; oral dydrogesterone vs vaginal progesterone gel: 19/411 (4.6%) vs 74/411 (18.0%), respectively). The third study showed no difference in dissatisfaction rate (oral dydrogesterone vs vaginal progesterone capsules: 8/96 (8.3%) vs 8/114 (7.0%), respectively). CONCLUSIONS Oral dydrogesterone seems to be as effective as vaginal progesterone for LPS in ART cycles, and appears to be better tolerated . Copyright © 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W P Barbosa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - L R Silva
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - P A Navarro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - R A Ferriani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - C O Nastri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - W P Martins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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Aytac PC, Bulgan Kilicdag E, Haydardedeoglu B, Simsek E, Cok T, Coban G. Luteal phase support after mild ovulation induction with intrauterine insemination: an on-going debate. Gynecol Endocrinol 2016; 32:543-7. [PMID: 26850073 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2016.1138460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of luteal phase support (LPS) using progesterone vaginal gel on pregnancy rate (PR) and live birth rate (LBR) during cycles in which controlled ovarian stimulation (COH) was performed using gonadotropins with intrauterine insemination (IUI) cycles in patients with unexplained infertility and polycystic ovarian syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS From 2010 to 2015, all IUI cycles in which COH was performed using gonadotropins were evaluated retrospectively. LPS was not used until July 2013, after which vaginal progesterone gel was applied in the luteal phase of IUI cycles. Both groups of patients were evaluated in terms of the effect of LPS on PR and LBR. RESULTS In total, 1578 IUI cycles were evaluated, of which 481 were LPS (+) and 1097 LPS (-). PR and LBR per cycle were 10.6% and 7.4%, respectively, in the LPS (+) group, and 11.6% and 7.7%, respectively, in the LPS (-) group (p = 0.31 and p = 0.25). PR and LBR per patient were 17% and 12%, respectively, in the LPS (+) group, and 17.4% and 12.3%, respectively, in the LPS (-) group (p = 0.48 and p = 0.82). CONCLUSIONS We found no difference in PR and LBR per cycle and per patient according to the use of LPS in IUI cycles in which COH was performed using gonadotropins. Thus, routine use of LPS in gonadotropin-stimulated cycles requires further research involving larger numbers of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Erhan Simsek
- a Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and IVF Unit and
| | - Tayfun Cok
- a Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and IVF Unit and
| | - Gonca Coban
- b Division of Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University , Adana , Turkey
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Doblinger J, Cometti B, Trevisan S, Griesinger G. Subcutaneous Progesterone Is Effective and Safe for Luteal Phase Support in IVF: An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis of the Phase III Trials. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151388. [PMID: 26991890 PMCID: PMC4798618 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To summarize efficacy and safety data on a new progesterone compound which is available for subcutaneous administration as compared to vaginally administered progesterone for luteal phase support in patients undergoing IVF treatment. Design Data from two randomized phase III trials (07EU/Prg06 and 07USA/Prg05) performed according to GCP standards with a total sample size of 1435 per-protocol patients were meta-analyzed on an individual patient data level. Setting University affiliated reproductive medicine unit. Patients Subcutaneous progesterone was administered to a total of 714 subjects and vaginal progesterone was administered to a total of 721 subjects who underwent fresh embryo transfer after ovarian stimulation followed by IVF or ICSI. The subjects were between 18 and 42 years old and had a BMI <30kg/m2. Interventions Subcutaneous progesterone 25 mg daily vs. either progesterone vaginal gel 90 mg daily (07EU/Prg06) or 100 mg intravaginal twice a day (07USA/Prg05) for luteal phase support in IVF patients. Main outcome measures Ongoing pregnancy rate beyond 10 gestational weeks, live birth rate and OHSS risk. Results The administration of subcutaneous progesterone versus intra-vaginal progesterone had no impact on ongoing pregnancy likelihood (OR = 0.865, 95% CI 0.694 to 1.077; P = n.s.), live birth likelihood (OR = 0.889, 95% CI 0.714 to 1.106; P = n.s.) or OHSS risk (OR = 0.995, 95% CI 0.565 to 1.754; P = n.s.) in regression analyses accounting for clustering of patients within trials, while adjusting for important confounders. Only female age and number of oocytes retrieved were significant predictors of live birth likelihood and OHSS risk. Conclusion No statistical significant or clinical significant differences exist between subcutaneous and vaginal progesterone for luteal phase support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Doblinger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Barbara Cometti
- IBSA Institut Biochimique SA, R&D Scientific Affairs, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Trevisan
- IBSA Institut Biochimique SA, R&D Scientific Affairs, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Georg Griesinger
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Jukic AM, Calafat AM, McConnaughey DR, Longnecker MP, Hoppin JA, Weinberg CR, Wilcox AJ, Baird DD, Calafat AM, McConnaughey DR, Longnecker MP, Hoppin JA, Weinberg CR, Wilcox AJ, Baird DD. Urinary Concentrations of Phthalate Metabolites and Bisphenol A and Associations with Follicular-Phase Length, Luteal-Phase Length, Fecundability, and Early Pregnancy Loss. Environ Health Perspect 2016; 124:321-8. [PMID: 26161573 PMCID: PMC4786975 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1408164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Certain phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA) show reproductive effects in animal studies and potentially affect human ovulation, conception, and pregnancy loss. OBJECTIVES We investigated these chemicals in relation to follicular- and luteal-phase lengths, time to pregnancy, and early pregnancy loss (within 6 weeks of the last menstrual period) among women attempting pregnancy. METHODS Women discontinuing contraception provided daily first-morning urine specimens and recorded days with vaginal bleeding for up to 6 months. Specimens had previously been analyzed for estrogen and progesterone metabolites and human chorionic gonadotropin. A total of 221 participants contributed 706 menstrual cycles. We measured 11 phthalate metabolites and BPA in pooled urine from three specimens spaced throughout each menstrual cycle. We analyzed associations between chemical concentrations and outcomes using linear mixed models for follicular- and luteal-phase lengths, discrete-time fecundability models for time to pregnancy, and logistic regression for early pregnancy loss. RESULTS Higher concentrations of monocarboxyoctyl phthalate (MCOP) were associated with shorter luteal phase [2nd tertile vs. 1st tertile: -0.5 days (95% CI: -0.9, -0.1), 3rd vs. 1st: -0.4 days (95% CI: -0.8, 0.01), p = 0.04]. BPA was also associated with shorter luteal phase [2nd vs. 1st: -0.8 days (95% CI: -1.2, -0.4), 3rd vs. 1st: -0.4 days (95% CI: -0.8, 0.02), p = 0.001]. CONCLUSIONS BPA and MCOP (or its precursors) were associated with shorter luteal phase. Menstrual cycle-specific estimates of urinary BPA and phthalate metabolites were not associated with detrimental alterations in follicular-phase length, time to pregnancy, or early pregnancy loss, and in fact, DEHP [di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate] metabolites {MEOHP [mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate] and ΣDEHP} were associated with reduced early loss. These findings should be confirmed in future human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marie Jukic
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Address correspondence to A.M. Jukic, Epidemiology Branch, NIEHS, P.O. BOX 12233, Durham, NC 27709 USA. Telephone: (919) 541-2992. E-mail:
| | - Antonia M. Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Matthew P. Longnecker
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jane A. Hoppin
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Allen J. Wilcox
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Donna D. Baird
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Antonia M. Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Matthew P. Longnecker
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jane A. Hoppin
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Allen J. Wilcox
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Donna D. Baird
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Martins WP, Ferriani RA, Navarro PA, Nastri CO. GnRH agonist during luteal phase in women undergoing assisted reproductive techniques: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016; 47:144-151. [PMID: 25854891 DOI: 10.1002/uog.14874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify, evaluate and summarize the available evidence regarding the effectiveness and safety of administering a gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist during the luteal phase in women undergoing assisted reproductive techniques. METHODS In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the addition of a GnRH agonist during the luteal phase, compared with standard luteal-phase support. We searched seven electronic databases and hand-searched the reference lists of included studies and related reviews. Our primary outcome was live birth or ongoing pregnancy per randomized woman. Our secondary outcomes were clinical pregnancy per randomized woman, miscarriage per clinical pregnancy, adverse perinatal outcome and congenital malformations. RESULTS The evidence from eight studies examining 2776 women showed a relative risk (RR) for live birth or ongoing pregnancy of 1.26 (95% CI, 1.04-1.53; I(2) = 58%). Sensitivity analysis when excluding the studies that did not report live birth and those at high risk of bias resulted in one study examining 181 women with an RR of 1.07 (95% CI, 0.73-1.58). Subgroup analysis separating the studies by single/multiple doses of GnRH agonists or by ovarian stimulation with GnRH agonist/antagonist was unable to explain the observed heterogeneity. The quality of the evidence was deemed to be very low: it was downgraded because of the limitation of the included studies, imprecision, inconsistency across the studies' results, and suspicion of publication bias. None of the included studies reported adverse perinatal outcomes or congenital malformations. CONCLUSIONS There is evidence that adding GnRH agonist during the luteal phase improves the likelihood of ongoing pregnancy. However, this evidence is of very low quality and there is no evidence for adverse perinatal outcome and congenital malformations. We therefore believe that including this intervention in clinical practice would be premature.
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Affiliation(s)
- W P Martins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo (DGO-FMRP-USP), Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - R A Ferriani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo (DGO-FMRP-USP), Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - P A Navarro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo (DGO-FMRP-USP), Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - C O Nastri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo (DGO-FMRP-USP), Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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Pabuccu EG, Pabuccu R, Evliyaoglu Ozdegirmenci O, Bostancı Durmus A, Keskin M. Combined progesterone (IM + V) versus vaginal progesterone for luteal support in cleavage-stage embryo transfer cycles of good prognosis patients. Gynecol Endocrinol 2016; 32:366-9. [PMID: 26732029 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2015.1127910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many reports led to the consensus on the use of progesterone (P) for luteal-phase support. Vaginal P application is the method of choice due to its simplicity and high patient convenience but is hampered by application difficulties and personal or cultural aversions. Inappropriate vaginal P use may alter successful implantation, leading physicians to consider alternate P application routes. A worldwide survey revealed that intramuscular plus vaginal P (combined P) is the method used in nearly one-third of in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles, particularly in Asia and North America; unfortunately, the outcomes of this approach have not been clearly elucidated. In the current analysis, we evaluated any additional benefit of short course parenteral P in addition to vaginal P capsules during a specific period in terms of implantation, pregnancy rates, miscarriages and ectopic pregnancies in cleavage stage embryo transfer (ET) cycles of good-prognosis patients. Despite significantly higher implantation rates in the combined arm, clinical and ongoing pregnancies were comparable in both groups, whereas a trend toward increased pregnancy rates was observed with combined support. The available data are too limited to draw conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E G Pabuccu
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Ufuk University School of Medicine , Ankara , Turkey
| | - R Pabuccu
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Ufuk University School of Medicine , Ankara , Turkey
- b Centrum Clinic Women Health and IVF Centre , Ankara , Turkey
| | | | - A Bostancı Durmus
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Ufuk University School of Medicine , Ankara , Turkey
| | - M Keskin
- d Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Ankara University School of Medicine , Ankara , Turkey
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Skowronska A, Mlotkowska P, Nielsen S, Skowronski MT. Difference in expression between AQP1 and AQP5 in porcine endometrium and myometrium in response to steroid hormones, oxytocin, arachidonic acid, forskolin and cAMP during the mid-luteal phase of the estrous cycle and luteolysis. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2015; 13:131. [PMID: 26625724 PMCID: PMC4665864 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-015-0128-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, we demonstrated in vitro that AQP1 and AQP5 in the porcine uterus are regulated by steroid hormones (P4, E2), arachidonic acid (AA), forskolin (FSK) and cAMP during the estrous cycle. However, the potential of the porcine separated uterine tissues, the endometrium and myometrium, to express these AQPs remains unknown. Thus, in this study, the responses of AQP1 and AQP5 to P4, E2 oxytocin (OT), AA, FSK and cAMP in the porcine endometrium and myometrium were examined during the mid-luteal phase of the estrous cycle and luteolysis. METHODS Real-time PCR and western blot analysis. RESULTS Progesterone up-regulated the expression of AQP1/AQP5 mRNAs and proteins in the endometrium and myometrium, especially during luteolysis. Similarly, E2 also stimulated the expression of both AQPs, but only in the endometrium. AA led to the upregulation of AQP1/AQP5 in the endometrium during luteolysis. In turn, OT increased the expression of AQP1/AQP5 mRNAs and proteins in the myometrium during mid-luteal phase. Moreover, a stimulatory effect of forskolin and cAMP on the expression of AQP1/AQP5 mRNAs and proteins in the endometrium and myometrium dominated during luteolysis, but during the mid-luteal phase their influence on the expression of these AQPs was differentiated depending on the type of tissue and the incubation duration. CONCLUSIONS These results seem to indicate that uterine tissues; endometrium and myometrium, exhibit their own AQP expression profiles in response to examined factors. Moreover, the responses of AQP1/AQP5 at mRNA and protein levels to the studied factors in the endometrium and myometrium are more pronounced during luteolysis. This suggests that the above effects of the studied factors are connected with morphological and physiological changes taking place in the pig uterus during the estrous cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Skowronska
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska 30, 10-082, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Patrycja Mlotkowska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Soren Nielsen
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Mariusz T Skowronski
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
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Palomba S, Santagni S, La Sala GB. Progesterone administration for luteal phase deficiency in human reproduction: an old or new issue? J Ovarian Res 2015; 8:77. [PMID: 26585269 PMCID: PMC4653859 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-015-0205-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Luteal phase deficiency (LPD) is described as a condition of insufficient progesterone exposure to maintain a regular secretory endometrium and allow for normal embryo implantation and growth. Recently, scientific focus is turning to understand the physiology of implantation, in particular the several molecular markers of endometrial competence, through the recent transcriptomic approaches and microarray technology. In spite of the wide availability of clinical and instrumental methods for assessing endometrial competence, reproducible and reliable diagnostic tests for LPD are currently lacking, so no type-IA evidence has been proposed by the main scientific societies for assessing endometrial competence in infertile couples. Nevertheless, LPD is a very common condition that may occur during a series of clinical conditions, and during controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) and hyperstimulation (COH) programs. In many cases, the correct approach to treat LPD is the identification and correction of any underlying condition while, in case of no underlying dysfunction, the treatment becomes empiric. To date, no direct data is available regarding the efficacy of luteal phase support for improving fertility in spontaneous cycles or in non-gonadotropin induced ovulatory cycles. On the contrary, in gonadotropin in vitro fertilization (IVF) and non-IVF cycles, LPD is always present and progesterone exerts a significant positive effect on reproductive outcomes. The scientific debate still remains open regarding progesterone administration protocols, specially on routes of administration, dose and timing and the potential association with other drugs, and further research is still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Palomba
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Surgery, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova - IRCCS, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Susanna Santagni
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Surgery, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova - IRCCS, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Battista La Sala
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Surgery, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova - IRCCS, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Università 4, 41100 Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123, Modena, Italy.
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Dimitraki M, Koutlaki N, Gioka T, Messini CI, Dafopoulos K, Anifandis G, Messinis IE. Attenuation of the oestrogen positive feedback mechanism with the age in postmenopausal women. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2015; 83:377-83. [PMID: 25649331 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It has been reported that the positive feedback mechanism of oestrogens and progesterone is preserved, although attenuated, in late postmenopausal years. Whether this is also true for the positive feedback effect of oestrogens alone has not been investigated. DESIGN Prospective intervention study. PATIENTS Thirty healthy postmenopausal women. MEASUREMENTS The women were divided into three groups according to the years since menopause (group I: 2-8 years, group II: 9-17 years, group III: 18-25 years). They were studied during a period of 41 days. Two acute experiments (EP) of exogenous oestradiol, given via skin patches, were performed from days 1 to 7 (EP1) and from days 35 to 41 (EP2) to induce an LH surge. Between the two experiments (days 7-34), oestradiol was given at the dose of 100 μg every 3 days, while oral progesterone was added from day 21 to day 34 in order to simulate a luteal phase. Blood samples were taken every 6 h during EP1 and EP2 as well as on days 8, 13, 20, 21, 27 and 34. FSH, LH, oestradiol and progesterone were measured in all blood samples. RESULTS An LH surge occurred as a result of the oestradiol positive feedback mechanism in group I and in group II, in both EP1 and EP2. Peak LH values during the surge were significantly lower in group II than in group I in both experiments. None of the patients in group III displayed an LH surge. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate for the first time a gradual attenuation of the pituitary response to oestrogenic provocation over a certain period following the menopause, with complete abolition after 20 years. It is suggested that the reserves of pituitary gonadotrophs diminish with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Dimitraki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Nikoletta Koutlaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Theodora Gioka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Christina I Messini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Dafopoulos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - George Anifandis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Ioannis E Messinis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
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Wang Y, He Y, Zhao X, Ji X, Hong Y, Wang Y, Zhu Q, Xu B, Sun Y. Crinone Gel for Luteal Phase Support in Frozen-Thawed Embryo Transfer Cycles: A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial in the Chinese Population. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26222435 PMCID: PMC4519178 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
To compare Crinone vaginal progesterone gel with intramuscularly injected progesterone for luteal phase support in progesterone-supplemented frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles, a randomized prospective study of patients qualified for FET was conducted between September 2010 and January 2013 at a hospital in Shanghai, China. From the day of transformation into secretory phase endometrium (day 0), Crinone vaginal gel (90 mg/d) was administered to patients in the Gel Group, while progesterone (40 mg/d) was injected intramuscularly in patients in the Inj Group (n = 750 per group). All patients received oral dydrogesterone (20 mg/d) and estradiol valerate (4–8 mg/d). Day 3 embryos with the highest pre-frozen scores were transferred to patients in the two groups and the clinical outcomes compared. This study comprised 1,500 cycles (750 in each group). Twenty-nine cycles in the Gel Group and 24 in the Inj Group were withdrawn. There were no significant differences between groups in age, endometrial thickness, endometrial preparation time or number of embryos transferred. No significant differences were observed between the Gel Group and Inj Group in the rates of live birth (32.6% vs. 31.7%, P = 0.71), clinical pregnancy (40.1% vs. 40.6%, P = 0.831), implantation (25.8% vs. 25.3%, P = 0.772), abortion (16.3% vs. 18.3%, P = 0.514) or ectopic pregnancy (2.8% vs. 4.4%, P = 0.288). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the rates of live birth, clinical pregnancy, abortion and ectopic pregnancy (Gel Group relative to Inj Group) were 1.036 (0.829–1.295), 0.971 (0.785–1.200), 0.919 (0.595–1.420) and 0.649 (0.261–1.614), respectively. Our study revealed that using Crinone vaginal gel in FET cycles achieved similar pregnancy outcomes to intramuscular progesterone, indicating that vaginal gel is a viable alternative to intramuscular injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaqiong He
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowei Ji
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Hong
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinling Zhu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Progesterone prepares the endometrium for pregnancy by stimulating proliferation in response to human chorionic gonadotropin(hCG) produced by the corpus luteum. This occurs in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. In assisted reproduction techniques(ART), progesterone and/or hCG levels are low, so the luteal phase is supported with progesterone, hCG or gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists to improve implantation and pregnancy rates. OBJECTIVES To determine the relative effectiveness and safety of methods of luteal phase support provided to subfertile women undergoing assisted reproduction. SEARCH METHODS We searched databases including the Cochrane Menstrual Disorders and Subfertility Group (MDSG) Specialised Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and trial registers. We conducted searches in November 2014, and further searches on 4 August 2015. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of luteal phase support using progesterone, hCG or GnRH agonist supplementation in ART cycles. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Three review authors independently selected trials, extracted data and assessed risk of bias. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95%confidence intervals (CIs) for each comparison and combined data when appropriate using a fixed-effect model. Our primary out come was live birth or ongoing pregnancy. The overall quality of the evidence was assessed using GRADE methods. MAIN RESULTS Ninety-four women RCTs (26,198 women) were included. Most studies had unclear or high risk of bias in most domains. The main limitations in the evidence were poor reporting of study methods and imprecision due to small sample sizes.1. hCG vs placebo/no treatment (five RCTs, 746 women)There was no evidence of differences between groups in live birth or ongoing pregnancy (OR 1.67, 95% CI 0.90 to 3.12, three RCTs,527 women, I2 = 24%, very low-quality evidence, but I2 of 61% was found for the subgroup of ongoing pregnancy) with a random effects model. hCG increased the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) (1 RCT, OR 4.28, 95% CI 1.91 to 9.6, low quality evidence).2. Progesterone vs placebo/no treatment (eight RCTs, 875 women)Evidence suggests a higher rate of live birth or ongoing pregnancy in the progesterone group (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.86, five RCTs, 642 women, I2 = 35%, very low-quality evidence). OHSS was not reported.3. Progesterone vs hCG regimens (16 RCTs, 2162 women)hCG regimens included comparisons of progesterone versus hCG and progesterone versus progesterone + hCG. No evidence showed differences between groups in live birth or ongoing pregnancy (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.65 to 1.38, five RCTs, 833 women, I2 = 0%, low quality evidence) or in the risk of OHSS (four RCTs, 615 women, progesterone vs hCG OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.22 to 1.34; four RCTs,678 women; progesterone vs progesterone plus hCG, OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.09 to 1.26, low-quality evidence).4. Progesterone vs progesterone with oestrogen (16 RCTs, 2577 women)No evidence was found of differences between groups in live birth or ongoing pregnancy (OR 1.12, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.38, nine RCTs,1651 women, I2 = 0%, low-quality evidence) or OHSS (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.2 to 1.63, two RCTs, 461 women, I2 = 0%, low-quality evidence).5. Progesterone vs progesterone + GnRH agonist (seven RCTs, 1708 women)Live birth or ongoing pregnancy rates were lower in the progesterone-only group and increased in women who received progester one and one or more GnRH agonist doses (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.48 to 0.81, nine RCTs, 2861 women, I2 = 55%, random effects, low quality evidence). Statistical heterogeneity for this comparison was high because of unexplained variation in the effect size, but the direction of effect was consistent across studies. OHSS was reported in one study only (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.33 to 3.01, 1 RCT, 300 women, very low quality evidence).6. Progesterone regimens (45 RCTs, 13,814 women)The included studies reported nine different comparisons between progesterone regimens. Findings for live birth or ongoing pregnancy were as follows: intramuscular (IM) versus oral: OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.14 to 3.66 (one RCT, 40 women, very low-quality evidence);IM versus vaginal/rectal: OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.5 (seven RCTs, 2309 women, I2 = 71%, very low-quality evidence); vaginal/rectal versus oral: OR 1.19, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.69 (four RCTs, 857 women, I2 = 32%, low-quality evidence); low-dose versus high-dose vaginal: OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.11 (five RCTs, 3720 women, I2 = 0%, moderate-quality evidence); short versus long protocol:OR 1.04, 95% CI 0.79 to 1.36 (five RCTs, 1205 women, I2 = 0%, low-quality evidence); micronised versus synthetic: OR 0.9, 95%CI 0.53 to 1.55 (two RCTs, 470 women, I2 = 0%, low-quality evidence); vaginal ring versus gel: OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.36 (oneRCT, 1271 women, low-quality evidence); subcutaneous versus vaginal gel: OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.14 (two RCTs, 1465 women,I2 = 0%, low-quality evidence); and vaginal versus rectal: OR 1.28, 95% CI 0.64 to 2.54 (one RCT, 147 women, very low-quality evidence). OHSS rates were reported for only two of these comparisons: IM versus oral, and low versus high-dose vaginal. No evidence showed a difference between groups.7. Progesterone and oestrogen regimens (two RCTs, 1195 women)The included studies compared two different oestrogen protocols. No evidence was found to suggest differences in live birth or ongoing pregnancy rates between a short and a long protocol (OR 1.08, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.43, one RCT, 910 women, low-quality evidence) or between a low dose and a high dose of oestrogen (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.37 to 1.13, one RCT, 285 women, very low-quality evidence).Neither study reported OHSS. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Both progesterone and hCG during the luteal phase are associated with higher rates of live birth or ongoing pregnancy than placebo.The addition of GnRHa to progesterone is associated with an improvement in pregnancy outcomes. OHSS rates are increased with hCG compared to placebo (only study only). The addition of oestrogen does not seem to improve outcomes. The route of progester one administration is not associated with an improvement in outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle van der Linden
- Radboud University Medical CenterDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyPO Box 9101NijmegenNetherlands6500 HB
| | | | - Cindy Farquhar
- University of AucklandDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyFMHS Park RoadGraftonAucklandNew Zealand1003
| | - Jan AM Kremer
- Radboud University Nijmegen Medical CenterDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyPO Box 9101NijmegenNetherlands6500 HB
| | - Mostafa Metwally
- Sheffield Teaching HospitalsThe Jessop Wing and Royal Hallamshire HospitalSheffieldUKS10 2JF
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Escriva AM, Diaz-Garcia C, Monterde M, Rubio JM, Pellicer A. Antral Follicle Priming Before Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection in Previously Diagnosed Low Responders: A Randomized Controlled Trial (FOLLPRIM). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:2597-605. [PMID: 25955224 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-1194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT A low response to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation implies a reduced number of embryos and impaired pregnancy rate. Follicular priming with steroids before controlled ovarian hyperstimulation has been suggested to improve the subsequent ovarian response. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the best follicular priming protocol in low responders and to investigate the intrafollicular mechanisms triggered by steroid hormone priming. DESIGN This was a single-center, randomized, parallel, open-label, controlled trial, in two phases. SETTING The setting was a university-based in vitro fertilization unit. PATIENTS Potential low responders (n = 99) underwent a first intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycle. Confirmed low responders (n = 66) were randomized to different priming protocols before a new intracytoplasmic sperm injection. INTERVENTIONS Randomized patients underwent one of the following priming strategies: transdermal testosterone (20 μg/kg/d), transdermal estradiol (200 μg/d), or combined estrogens and oral contraceptive pills (30 μg of ethinyl estradiol plus 150 μg of desogestrel administered during the luteal phase of two consecutive cycles) and 4 mg/d of estradiol valerate during the follicular phase between them. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES Metaphase II (MII) oocytes were retrieved. Gene expression levels in the granulosa cells of steroidogenesis enzymes and FSH, LH, and androgen receptors were measured. RESULTS The number of retrieved MII oocytes did not differ between the interventional groups (testosterone, 2.2 ± 2.0; estrogen, 2.7 ± 1.7; and combined estrogens and oral contraceptive pills, 2.0 ± 1.3; not significant). Compared with those in nonprimed cycles, estradiol pretreatment yielded more MII oocytes (primed, 2.7 ± 1.7; nonprimed, 1.6 ± 1.2; P = .029) although the clinical pregnancy rate was higher in patients treated with testosterone (P = .003). Testosterone pretreatment increased androgen receptor expression (P = .028) compared with that for the previous cycle without priming. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present trial do not support the superiority of one priming strategy over the others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Marzal Escriva
- Unidad de Reproducción Humana (A.M.E., C.D.-G., J.M.R., A.P.), Área de Salud de la Mujer, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Grupo de Investigación de Medicina Reproductiva (A.M.E., C.D.-G., M.M., J.M.R., A.P.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitario La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; and Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (A.M.E., A.P.), Instituto Universitario IVI, 46015 Valencia, Spain
| | - Cesar Diaz-Garcia
- Unidad de Reproducción Humana (A.M.E., C.D.-G., J.M.R., A.P.), Área de Salud de la Mujer, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Grupo de Investigación de Medicina Reproductiva (A.M.E., C.D.-G., M.M., J.M.R., A.P.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitario La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; and Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (A.M.E., A.P.), Instituto Universitario IVI, 46015 Valencia, Spain
| | - Mercedes Monterde
- Unidad de Reproducción Humana (A.M.E., C.D.-G., J.M.R., A.P.), Área de Salud de la Mujer, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Grupo de Investigación de Medicina Reproductiva (A.M.E., C.D.-G., M.M., J.M.R., A.P.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitario La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; and Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (A.M.E., A.P.), Instituto Universitario IVI, 46015 Valencia, Spain
| | - José María Rubio
- Unidad de Reproducción Humana (A.M.E., C.D.-G., J.M.R., A.P.), Área de Salud de la Mujer, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Grupo de Investigación de Medicina Reproductiva (A.M.E., C.D.-G., M.M., J.M.R., A.P.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitario La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; and Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (A.M.E., A.P.), Instituto Universitario IVI, 46015 Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Pellicer
- Unidad de Reproducción Humana (A.M.E., C.D.-G., J.M.R., A.P.), Área de Salud de la Mujer, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Grupo de Investigación de Medicina Reproductiva (A.M.E., C.D.-G., M.M., J.M.R., A.P.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitario La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; and Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (A.M.E., A.P.), Instituto Universitario IVI, 46015 Valencia, Spain
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