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Bhattacharjee A, Singh RK, Patil RK, Chandra S, Singhai A, Singh US, Ansari AA, Khanna R. Comparative assessment of cleaning efficacy of two exclusive paediatric rotary files in root canals of primary teeth: An in vitro study. Int J Paediatr Dent 2023. [PMID: 38124259 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.13148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paediatric rotary file systems have recently been developed for primary teeth use. AIM To study the cleaning efficacies of two paediatric rotary endodontic files, the Prime PedoTM , and the Kedo-SG BlueTM against the standard H files. DESIGN This in vitro study included 54 freshly extracted primary molars, which were randomised into three groups (n = 18 each) and were prepared using either Kedo-SG BlueTM , Prime PedoTM or hand H files after injecting methylene blue dye into the canals. Pre- and post-operative cone beam computerised tomography (CBCT) was performed to assess change in root canal volumes. Methylene blue dye removal from canals was assessed using stereomicroscopy, and canal cleanliness was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS Both Prime PedoTM and Kedo-SG BlueTM files reduced significantly less dentine when compared with conventional hand filing with Prime PedoTM removing the least amount of dentine. No significant difference was found in median SEM scores among the groups in the cervical, middle and apical thirds of the roots. Stereomicroscopic assessment of root canal cleanliness using dye removal technique shows a statistically significant difference existing between Kedo-SG BlueTM and hand H files groups. CONCLUSION Prime PedoTM removed the least amount of dentine. Kedo-SG BlueTM performed significantly better than conventional hand filing with H files when the root canal cleanliness was assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhisek Bhattacharjee
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajeev Kumar Singh
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ranjit Kumar Patil
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shaleen Chandra
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Atin Singhai
- Department of Pathology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Uma Shankar Singh
- Department of Pathology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Afroz Alam Ansari
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Richa Khanna
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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In Vitro Analysis of the Fatigue Resistance of Four Single File Canal Preparation Instruments. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15020688. [PMID: 35057402 PMCID: PMC8778973 DOI: 10.3390/ma15020688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Instrument separation during root canal therapy is inevitable in endodontics with several unfavorable clinical consequences. Therefore, examining the cyclic flexural fatigue resistance of commonly used rotary endodontic files is crucial. This study aimed to determine the cyclic flexural fatigue resistance of four nickel–titanium (NiTi) rotary files used as a single canal preparation technique: WaveOne, Reciproc, Protaper F2, and Unicone medium instruments. According to the manufacturer’s instructions, each file was rotated freely within a 1.3 mm deep and 1.3 mm wide V-shaped groove in a stainless-steel block with a 40° and 5 mm radius of curvature. Cyclic fatigue resistance was compared between the NiTi files by verifying the time needed to crack. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Scheffé post hoc with a significant level set at p < 0.05. Our results demonstrated that the WaveOne instrument had the highest cyclic flexural fatigue resistance among the tested groups (p ≤ 0.05), while Unicone had the lowest cyclic flexural fatigue resistance. This study concluded that WaveOne size 25/0.08 could illustrate a superior cyclic flexural fatigue resistance when instrumenting root canals with the lowest possibility to cause instrument separation.
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Arslan H, Doğanay Yıldız E, Taş G, Karataş E, Tepecik E. Effects of continuous irrigation at room temperature or +4ºC on the cyclic fatigue resistance of K3XF instruments. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2021; 14:153-157. [PMID: 33408819 PMCID: PMC7770397 DOI: 10.34172/joddd.2020.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of continuous irrigation with saline solution at room temperature or +4°C on the cyclic fatigue resistance of K3XF files.
Methods. Forty-eight new K3XF files (#30, .04 taper) were randomly assigned to three groups: control group (no irrigation), continuous irrigation with saline solution at room temperature, and continuous irrigation with saline solution at +4°C. The instruments were tested in an artificial, stainless steel root canal with a double curvature at body temperature (37±1°C). Time to fracture was converted to the number of cycles to fracture (NCF). The lengths of the fractured fragments were recorded. Kruskal–Wallis H test and one-way ANOVA were used to analyze data.
Results. K3XF files’ cyclic fatigue resistance was significantly higher in the continuous irrigation groups than in the control group. Continuous irrigation with saline solution at +4°C resulted in higher cyclic fatigue resistance than continuous irrigation with saline solution at room temperature. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of the fractured fragments’ length.
Conclusion. Within this study’s limitations, continuous irrigation with saline solution increased the NCF of NiTi instruments; decreasing the saline solution’s temperature increased this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Arslan
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Health Sciences University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Doğanay Yıldız
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Bursa Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Gizem Taş
- Çorlu Oral and Dental Health Hospital, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Ertuğrul Karataş
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ebru Tepecik
- Private Practice, Dental Clinic, İstanbul, Turkey
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Alshwaimi EO. Effect of Sterilization on Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Proflexendo Endodontic Rotary Files. SAUDI JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 7:151-155. [PMID: 31543735 PMCID: PMC6734735 DOI: 10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_123_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background: Proflexendo file (Nexen, Houston, TX, USA) is a recently developed, novel nickel-titanium rotary file. However, several physical properties of the Proflexendo system remain to be investigated. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of sterilization on cyclic resistance of Proflexendo files. Material and Methods: A total of 120 unused Proflexendo rotary files (40 each of file sizes 40/0.04, 30/0.04 and 20/0.06) were used in this study. Each set of files was subdivided into four groups of ten files. Group 1 did not undergo any sterilization (control), Group 2 underwent two rounds (2×) of sterilization, Group 3 five rounds (5×) and Group 4 ten rounds (10×). Cyclic fatigue resistance was tested using an artificial canal with a 5-mm radius curve. Results: The nonsterilized size 30/0.04 files had the highest cycles to failure, followed by the nonsterilized size 40/0.04 and 20/0.06 files (P < 0.001). With increasing rounds of sterilization, cycles to failure reduced for sizes 40 (2×, 5× and 10×) and 30 (2×) files compared with nonsterilized sizes 40 (P < 0.05) and 30 files (P < 0.001), respectively. Conclusion: Under the conditions of the current study, the results provide preliminary evidence that autoclave sterilization of Proflexendo rotary files reduced their cyclic fatigue resistance, except for size 20 (2× and 5×) and 30 (10×) files, in which resistance increased. Single use of this file is recommended to reduce the risk of separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad O Alshwaimi
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Mehlawat R, Kapoor R, Gandhi K, Kumar D, Malhotra R, Ahuja S. Comparative evaluation of instrumentation timing and cleaning efficacy in extracted primary molars using manual and NiTi rotary technique - Invitro study. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2019; 9:151-155. [PMID: 30963021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To compare the timing of instrumentation and cleaning efficacy between manual K files and NiTi rotary files in extracted primary molars. Study design in-vitro study was conducted in 90 root canals of extracted primary molars which were subdivided in three groups viz. Control (No instrumentation), Manual (K files), Rotary (ProFiles) with 30 canals in each group. Mesiobuccal (MB) and Mesiolingual (ML) canals of mandibular molars, and MB and Distobuccal (DB) canals of maxillary molars were included in the test group whereas Distal canals in mandibular molars and Palatal canals in maxillary molars were included in the control group. Method Teeth were mounted and canals were injected with India ink to stain the canal walls. Canal preparation was done as per the group. After instrumentation, teeth were demounted, decalcified and cleared to make them transparent for scoring according to the extent of removal of India ink. Timing of instrumentation and cleaning efficacy of canals in coronal, middle and apical thirds were assessed in each sample. Results Mean timing of instrumentation in rotary group was 3.54 ± 1.14 min and 4.32 ± 1.04 min in manual group. Mean cleaning efficacy scores in manual and rotary groups were 2.03 and 1.66 in coronal third, 1.08 and 1.18 in middle third and 0.67 and 1.08 in apical third respectively. Inter-group comparisons showed no statistically significant difference in cleaning efficacy among test groups in all thirds of root canals. Conclusion NiTi rotary technique has comparable cleaning efficacy, with significantly less timing of instrumentation compared to manual K-files.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachita Mehlawat
- Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Inderprastha Dental College & Hospital, 46/1, Site IV, Industrial Area, Sahibabad, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201010, India
| | - Rishabh Kapoor
- Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Inderprastha Dental College & Hospital, 46/1, Site IV, Industrial Area, Sahibabad, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201010, India
| | - Kapil Gandhi
- Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Inderprastha Dental College & Hospital, 46/1, Site IV, Industrial Area, Sahibabad, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201010, India
| | - Dipanshu Kumar
- Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Inderprastha Dental College & Hospital, 46/1, Site IV, Industrial Area, Sahibabad, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201010, India
| | - Ritika Malhotra
- Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Inderprastha Dental College & Hospital, 46/1, Site IV, Industrial Area, Sahibabad, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201010, India
| | - Shilpa Ahuja
- Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Inderprastha Dental College & Hospital, 46/1, Site IV, Industrial Area, Sahibabad, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201010, India
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Mohammadian F, Sadeghi A, Dibaji F, Sadegh M, Ghoncheh Z, Kharrazifard MJ. Comparison of Apical Transportation with the Use of Rotary System and Reciprocating Handpiece with Precurved Hand Files: An In Vitro Study. IRANIAN ENDODONTIC JOURNAL 2017; 12:462-467. [PMID: 29225642 PMCID: PMC5722116 DOI: 10.22037/iej.v12i4.16063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Success of root canal treatment depends on several factors; among which, maintaining the original canal path during mechanical preparation is extremely important. This in vitro study aimed to compare apical transportation using RaCe NiTi rotary system and precurved stainless steel (SS) hand files in a reciprocating handpiece. Methods and Materials: Mesiobuccal canals of 40 extracted human mandibular first and second molars with 20 to 45° curvatures and 3 to 7 mm curve radius were chosen for this study. After working length determination, the teeth were divided into two groups (n=20). Root canals were prepared with RaCe in group 1 and NSK handpiece and precurved SS hand files in group 2 up to #30 with 2% taper in both groups. Radiographs were taken of teeth before and after instrumentation from buccolingual and mesiodistal directions. The images were superimposed using Adobe Photoshop CS3 software. Degree of straightening and amount of apical transportation at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mm levels short of the working length were determined using digital subtraction radiography. The student’s t test was used to compare the degree of straightening and Mann Whitney test was applied to compare apical transportation (millimeters) between the two groups. Results: No significant difference was noted between the two groups on buccolingual or mesiodistal views in degree of straightening and apical transportation on buccolingual view (P>0.05). However, on mesiodistal view, NSK reciprocating handpiece caused greater apical transportation at 0. 0.5 and 1 mm levels (P<0.05). Conclusion: The RaCe system and precurved SS files in reciprocating handpiece were highly similar in terms of degree of straightening and apical transportation. Thus, engine-driven NSK reciprocating handpiece can be used as an efficient adjunct for root canal preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mohammadian
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Dibaji
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Sadegh
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Ghoncheh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Dental School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Tehran, Iran
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George S, Anandaraj S, Issac JS, John SA, Harris A. Rotary endodontics in primary teeth - A review. Saudi Dent J 2016; 28:12-7. [PMID: 26792964 PMCID: PMC4688451 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endodontic treatment in primary teeth can be challenging and time consuming, especially during canal preparation, which is considered one of the most important steps in root canal therapy. The conventional instrumentation technique for primary teeth remains the "gold-standard" over hand instrumentation, which makes procedures much more time consuming and adversely affects both clinicians and patients. Recently nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) rotary files have been developed for use in pediatric endodontics. Using rotary instruments for primary tooth pulpectomies is cost effective and results in fills that are consistently uniform and predictable. This article reviews the use of nickel-titanium rotary files as root canal instrumentation in primary teeth. The pulpectomy technique is described here according to different authors and the advantages and disadvantages of using rotary files are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sageena George
- Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, PMS College of Dental Science & Research, Vattapara, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
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Elemam RF, Capelas JA, Vaz MAP, Viriato N, Pereira ML, Azevedo A, West J. Evaluating Transportation by Comparing Several uses of Rotary Endodontic Files. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015; 16:927-32. [PMID: 27018025 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the frequent use of ProTaper Next (PTN; Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) systems on shaping ability of root canal utilizing Solidworks (2014, Dassault Systemes) software. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-six root canals in clear resin blocks (Dentsply-Maillefer) were allocated into six experimental groups (n = 36). Six new sets of PTN instruments (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) were used six times to shape the resin blocks. A #15 K-file was inserted to the working length (WL), followed by ProGlider (PG) to create a glide path. Sequential use of PTN instrumentation in a crown-down technique was used to reach size (30/07) apically. Macroscopic photos of the blocks were taken before and after instrumentation, layered by Paint Shop Pro 9 from JascSoftware, and then canal transportation was measured using Solidwork 2014. The data were analyzed by SPSS software version 22. Multivariate statistical analysis general linear model (GLM) was also applied. Bonferroni correction test was used in multiple comparisons and the statistical significance was set to 0.05. RESULTS There was no difference in canal transportation resulted from utilizing PTN files after six multiple uses; in addition, the PTN files showed ability to maintain the original canal anatomy, especially in the apical level, where lowest total mean value of canal center displacement was seen (3 mm level) (0.019 ± 0.017). CONCLUSION ProTaper Next files can be used to prepare single and multiple canals in a single furcated tooth. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE ProTaper Next nickel-titanium (NiTi) file system is a safe instrument that respects the canal shape, allows practitioners to treat difficult cases with good results, and low risk of separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranya F Elemam
- PhD, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine University of Porto, Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva 4200-393, Porto, Portugal Phone: +351 92005818, e-mail:
| | - J A Capelas
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mário A P Vaz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Viriato
- Laboratory of Optics and Experimental Mechanics, INEGI-Institute of Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Management Porto, Portugal
| | - M L Pereira
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, EPI Unit-Institute of Public Health University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Azevedo
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, EPI Unit-Institute of Public Health University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - John West
- Department of Endodontics, University of Washington School of Dentistry, Washington, USA
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Grande NM, Ahmed HMA, Cohen S, Bukiet F, Plotino G. Current Assessment of Reciprocation in Endodontic Preparation: A Comprehensive Review—Part I: Historic Perspectives and Current Applications. J Endod 2015; 41:1778-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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OLIVEIRA MAVCD, ALVES LD, PEREIRA AG, RAPOSO LHA, BIFFI JCG. Influence of flexion angle of files on the decentralization of oval canals during instrumentation. Braz Oral Res 2015; 29:S1806-83242015000100273. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2015.vol29.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Cyclic fatigue of instruments for endodontic glide path. Odontology 2013; 103:56-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s10266-013-0138-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Stavileci M, Hoxha V, Görduysus Ö, Tatar I, Laperre K, Hostens J, Küçükkaya S, Berisha M. Effects of preparation techniques on root canal shaping assessed by micro-computed tomography. Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2013; 19:163-8. [PMID: 23760162 PMCID: PMC3692384 DOI: 10.12659/msmbr.889350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Root canal shaping without any procedural error is of the utmost preference. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to use micro-computed tomography to evaluate and compare the root canal shaping efficacy of ProTaper rotary files and standard stainless steel K-files. Material/Methods Sixty extracted upper second premolars were selected and were divided into 2 groups of 30. Before preparation, all samples were scanned by micro-CT. Then, 30 teeth were prepared with stainless steel files and the remaining 30 with ProTaper rotary files. Canal transportation and centering ability before and after root canal shaping were assessed using micro-CT. The amount and direction of canal transportation and the centering ratio of each instrument were determined in the coronal, middle, and apical parts of the canal. The 2 groups were statistically compared using one-way ANOVA. Results ProTaper rotary files gave less transportation (p<0.001) and better centering ability (p<0.00001) compared with stainless steel files. Conclusions The manual technique for preparation of root canals with stainless steel files produces more canal transportation, whereas rotary files remain more centered in the canal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Stavileci
- Department of Dental Pathology and Endodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo.
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Leonardi DP, Haragushiku GA, Tomazinho FSF, Furuse AY, Volpato L, Baratto-Filho F. Undergraduate students introduction to manual and rotary root canal instrumentation. THE BULLETIN OF TOKYO DENTAL COLLEGE 2012; 53:155-9. [PMID: 23124306 DOI: 10.2209/tdcpublication.53.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of undergraduates in their first contact with manual and rotary root canal instrumentation. Forty-two students who had never worked on a root canal before instrumented 42 extracted lower-incisors. Participants were assigned to one of two groups: Rotary instrumentation or manual instrumentation. Pre- and post-operative computed tomography scans were obtained with a 3-dimensional dental imaging system. Starting and finishing times of preparation were recorded. The cross-sectional area of the root canal was analyzed with 2-mm-below-the-apex initial and final transverse images recorded through a digital imaging system and analyzed with software to measure the initial and final area of the root canal in mm(2). Data from the cross-sectional area of the root canal and time spent were subjected to the Mann-Whitney's U-test (p<0.05). The rotary instrumentation group showed smaller time for preparation (p=0.0204). No differences between rotary and manual instrumentation regarding the cross-sectional area of the root canal were observed (p=0.25). No accidents occurred. Undergraduate students showed good performance in their first contact with the manual and rotary instrumentation with regard to time spent and cross-sectional area of the root canal, with no operative accidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Piotto Leonardi
- Master Program in Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Positivo University, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Gambarini G, Gergi R, Grande NM, Osta N, Plotino G, Testarelli L. Cyclic fatigue resistance of newly manufactured rotary nickel titanium instruments used in different rotational directions. AUST ENDOD J 2012; 39:151-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-4477.2012.00353.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Hartmann MSM, Fontanella VRC, Vanni JR, Fornari VJ, Barletta FB. CT evaluation of apical canal transportation associated with stainless steel hand files, oscillatory technique and pro taper rotary system. Braz Dent J 2011; 22:288-93. [PMID: 21861027 DOI: 10.1590/s0103-64402011000400005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study used computed tomography (CT) to compare apical canal transportation in mesiobuccal canals of maxillary molars prepared with different techniques. Sixty teeth were assigned to 3 groups (n=20), according to the technique used for root canal instrumentation: hand instrumentation with K-Flexofiles, K-Flexofiles activated by an oscillatory system and ProTaper NiTi rotary system. Pre and post-instrumentation CT images were obtained 3 mm short of the apical foramen and were superimposed to compare canal transportation. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey's test using the SPSS software (α=0.05). In the buccal direction, the manual technique produced significantly less canal transportation than the oscillatory technique (p<0.05) and both were similar to the rotary technique (p>0.05). In the distal and distopalatal directions, the oscillatory technique produced more canal transportation (p<0.05). In the mesiopalatal direction, the oscillatory technique produced more canal transportation than the manual technique (p<0.05), and both were similar to the rotary technique (p>0.05). In conclusion, all techniques produced canal transportation, and the oscillatory technique produced the greatest removal of root dentin toward the innerside of the root curvature.
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Kandaswamy D, Venkateshbabu N, Porkodi I, Pradeep G. Canal-centering ability: An endodontic challenge. J Conserv Dent 2011; 12:3-9. [PMID: 20379433 PMCID: PMC2848810 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.53334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
During instrumentation of the root canal, it is important to develop a continuously tapered form and to maintain the original shape and position of the apical foramen. However, the presence of curvatures may cause difficulty in root canal instrumentation. The ability to keep the instruments centered is essential to provide a correct enlargement, without excessive weakening of the root structure. Several studies have shown that Ni-Ti instruments remain significantly more centered and demonstrated less canal transportation than stainless steel files. Considerable research has been undertaken to understand the several factors related to an instrument's canal-centering ability. In this article, we have discussed the influence of various parameters such as alloys used in the manufacture of instruments, instrument cross-section, taper, and have given tips on canal-centering ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deivanayagam Kandaswamy
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Ramachandra Dental College, Porur, Chennai - 600 116, India
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Pirani C, Cirulli PP, Chersoni S, Micele L, Ruggeri O, Prati C. Cyclic fatigue testing and metallographic analysis of nickel-titanium rotary instruments. J Endod 2011; 37:1013-6. [PMID: 21689562 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2011.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to compare cyclic fatigue resistance of four nickel-titanium rotary systems and to evaluate their surface, fractographic, and matrix morphology. METHODS Four models of endodontic rotary files (EasyShape [Komet/Gebr. Brasseler, Lemgo, Germany], ProTaper [Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland], NRT [MANI Inc, Toshigi-Ken, Japan], and AlphaKite [Komet/Gebr. Brasseler]) were subjected to fatigue testing in artificial canals with angle of curvature of 45° and 60° and a radius of curvature of 5 mm until fracture occurred. Nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloy properties were investigated by light microscopy, environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), and energy dispersive x-ray spectrophotometry (EDS). ESEM analysis was conducted on new files to examine surface characteristics and on fractured samples to identify the crack origin and the fractographic features. RESULTS Analysis of variance testing revealed significant differences (P < .001) among the groups. NRT files had the highest fatigue resistance followed by AlphaKite, EasyShape, and ProTaper. All the new files presented surface imperfections. Fractographic analysis found the crack initiation to originate at the level of surface irregularities. Optical microscope inspection of the NiTi alloy matrix disclosed different-sized nonmetallic inclusions among models. EDS analysis of these inclusions showed that they were composed of carbon and oxygen in addition to nickel and titanium. Under light microscopy, austenitic grains appeared larger near the handle and smaller near the tip in all instruments. CONCLUSIONS NRT files presented the longest fatigue life. All samples showed surface irregularities and nonmetallic inclusions. Austenitic grains were smaller near the tip than near the handle. The angle of curvature was confirmed to influence the fatigue life of NiTi instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Pirani
- Department of Dental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Nordmeyer S, Schnell V, Hülsmann M. Comparison of root canal preparation using Flex Master Ni-Ti and Endo-Eze AET stainless steel instruments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 111:251-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2010.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Revised: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lee WJ, Lee JH, Chun KA, Seo MS, Yoo YJ, Baek SH. Evaluation of apical canal shapes produced sequentially during instrumentation with stainless steel hand and Ni-Ti rotary instruments using Micro-computed tomography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.5395/jkacd.2011.36.3.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Jin Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, College of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, College of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-A Chun
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Yeon-Jee Yoo
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, College of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Baek
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, College of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Taşdemir T, Er K, Yildirim T, Buruk K, Celik D, Cora S, Tahan E, Tuncel B, Serper A. Comparison of the sealing ability of three filling techniques in canals shaped with two different rotary systems: a bacterial leakage study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 108:e129-34. [PMID: 19716483 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2009] [Revised: 04/30/2009] [Accepted: 05/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study compared the sealing ability of 3 current filling techniques in root canals shaped with 2 different rotary systems. STUDY DESIGN Eighty human extracted mandibular premolars were divided randomly into 2 similar groups of 40 each and instrumented with either ProTaper (Dentsply Maillefer, Tulsa, OK; group A) or Mtwo (VDW; Antaeos, Munich, Germany; group B) rotary systems. Each group was divided into 3 subgroups (n = 10) and 2 control groups (n = 5). Canals were filled either with the tapered single-cone technique (SC; subgroups A1 and B1), with lateral condensation (LC; subgroups A2 and B2), or warm vertical compaction (WVC; subgroups A3 and B3). AH Plus was used as a root canal sealer in all groups. Samples were sterilized in an ethylene oxide sterilizer for 12 hours. The apical 3-4 mm of the roots were immersed in brain-heart infusion culture medium with phenol red indicator within culture chambers. The coronal access of each specimen was inoculated every 48 hours with a suspension of Enterococcus faecalis. Bacterial leakage was monitored every 24 hours for 8 weeks. The data obtained were analyzed using a chi-squared test, and P was set at .05. RESULTS In group A, 70% of the specimens filled with SC (subgroup A1), 50% of the specimens filled with LC (subgroup A2), and 20% of the specimens filled with WVC (subgroup A3) leaked. There was no statistically significant difference between the subgroups (P > .05). In group B, bacterial leakage was observed in 50% of SC samples (subgroup B1), 40% of LC samples (subgroup B2), and 50% of WVC samples (subgroup B3). There was no statistically significant difference between subgroups B1, B2, and B3 (P > .05). There was also no statistically significant difference between group A and group B (P > .05). CONCLUSION Filling with SC, LC, and WVC techniques in canals treated with ProTaper or Mtwo rotary instruments showed similar levels of sealing efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer Taşdemir
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
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Venkateshbabu N, Emmanuel S, Santosh GK, Kandaswamy D. Comparison of the canal centring ability of K3, Liberator and EZ Fill Safesiders by using spiral computed tomography. AUST ENDOD J 2009; 38:55-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-4477.2009.00210.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Pasternak-Júnior B, Sousa-Neto MD, Silva RG. Canal transportation and centring ability of RaCe rotary instruments. Int Endod J 2009; 42:499-506. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2008.01536.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tu MG, Chen SY, Huang HL, Tsai CC. Endodontic Shaping Performance Using Nickel–Titanium Hand and Motor ProTaper Systems by Novice Dental Students. J Formos Med Assoc 2008; 107:381-8. [DOI: 10.1016/s0929-6646(08)60103-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Hörsted-Bindslev P, Andersen MA, Jensen MF, Nilsson JH, Wenzel A. Quality of Molar Root Canal Fillings Performed With the Lateral Compaction and the Single-Cone Technique. J Endod 2007; 33:468-71. [PMID: 17368341 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2006.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2006] [Revised: 12/01/2006] [Accepted: 12/21/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to compare the quality of root canal fillings performed with the single-cone and lateral compaction technique. Thirty-six canals in extracted molars were filled with ISO-standardized gutta-percha points, .02 taper, by using the lateral compaction technique; 38 were filled with one gutta-percha point, .04 taper, by using the single-cone technique. Each root canal was radiographed in the bucco-oral (BO) and the mesiodistal projection (MD). A root was sufficiently filled when three of four observers had assessed it so. There was no significant impact of the filling technique on the quality (logistic regression analysis, p > 0.4). There was a significant impact of the canal type, the mandibular distal canal having a higher chance for a sufficient root filling than the mandibular mesial canal in projection BO (p = .003), but both the mandibular distal (p = 0.001) and the maxillary palatal canals (p = 0.014) had a lower chance for a sufficient filling in projection MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preben Hörsted-Bindslev
- Department of Dental Pathology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Aarhus, Vennelyst Boulevard, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Grande NM, Plotino G, Butti A, Messina F, Pameijer CH, Somma F. Cross-sectional analysis of root canals prepared with NiTi rotary instruments and stainless steel reciprocating files. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 103:120-6. [PMID: 17178505 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2005.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2005] [Revised: 12/17/2005] [Accepted: 12/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether the shaping of oval-shaped root canals using 2 different preparation techniques resulted in significant morphologic differences. STUDY DESIGN Forty lower premolars with oval-shaped root canals were divided into group A, instrumented with the Anatomic Endodontic Technology (AET) system, and group B, treated with ProTaper instruments. A modified Bramante technique was used to analyze changes in root canal diameters (DeltaD), changes in surface area (DeltaA), and the change in buccolingual and mesiodistal ratio (DeltaR). The data were subjected to a Student t test at a significance level of P < 0.05. RESULTS Statistically significant differences were found between the 2 groups at coronal and middle levels. There was no statistically significant difference at the apical level. CONCLUSIONS The 2 techniques produced a significant difference in the ultimate shape of the coronal and middle portions of oval-shaped root canals, with the AET system removing more tooth structure at these levels. However, no differences were observed at the apical third.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola M Grande
- Department of Endodontics, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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Iqbal MK, Kohli MR, Kim JS. A retrospective clinical study of incidence of root canal instrument separation in an endodontics graduate program: a PennEndo database study. J Endod 2006; 32:1048-52. [PMID: 17055904 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2006.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2005] [Revised: 03/01/2006] [Accepted: 03/02/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the incidence of hand and rotary instrument separation (IS) in the endodontics graduate program at the University of Pennsylvania between 2000 and 2004. In 4,865 endodontic resident cases the incidence of hand and rotary IS was 0.25% and 1.68%, respectively. The odds for rotary IS were seven times more than for hand IS. The probability of separating a file in apical third was 33, and 6 times more likely when compared to coronal and middle thirds of the canals. The highest percentage of IS occurred in mandibular (55.5%) and maxillary (33.3%) molars. Furthermore, the odds of separating a file in molars were 2.9 times greater than premolars. Among the ProFile series 29 rotary instruments, the .06 taper # 5 and # 6 files separated the most. There was no significant difference in IS between the use of torque controlled versus nontorque controlled handpieces, nor between first and second year residency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian K Iqbal
- Department of Endodontics, The Robert Schattner Center, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6030, USA.
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Berutti E, Angelini E, Rigolone M, Migliaretti G, Pasqualini D. Influence of sodium hypochlorite on fracture properties and corrosion of ProTaper Rotary instruments. Int Endod J 2006; 39:693-9. [PMID: 16916358 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2006.01134.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the influence of immersion in NaOCl on resistance to cyclic fatigue fracture and corrosion of ProTaper NiTi Rotary instruments. METHODOLOGY A total of 120 new ProTaper NiTi Rotary files (F2) were randomized and assigned to three different groups of 40 each. Group 1 was the control group; 20 mm (excluding the shaft) of group 2 instruments were immersed in 5% NaOCl at 50 degrees C for 5 min; instruments in group 3 were completely immersed in 5% NaOCl at 50 degrees C for 5 min. All instruments were then tested for cyclic fatigue, recording the time in seconds to fracture. Data were analysed by the Kruskall-Wallis test and post-hoc multiple comparisons (P < 0.05). Micromorphological and microchemical analyses were also completed by means of a field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on those instruments in group 3 that had undergone early fracture. RESULTS Instruments in group 3 had a significantly lower resistance to fracture because of cyclic fatigue than those in groups 1 and 2 (P < 0.001). In some instruments in group 3, early fracture occurred after only a few seconds of fatigue testing. SEM observations revealed evident signs of corrosion of the fractured instruments. CONCLUSION Group 3 had significantly reduced resistance to cyclic fatigue compared with instruments in groups 1 and 2. The phenomenon of early fracture may be attributed to galvanic corrosion induced by the presence of dissimilar metals, where one acts as the cathode of a galvanic couple, established when the instrument is immersed in NaOCl solution. The NiTi alloy may acts as the anode and thus undergoes corrosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Berutti
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Schirrmeister JF, Strohl C, Altenburger MJ, Wrbas KT, Hellwig E. Shaping ability and safety of five different rotary nickel-titanium instruments compared with stainless steel hand instrumentation in simulated curved root canals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 101:807-13. [PMID: 16731405 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2005.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2005] [Revised: 06/07/2005] [Accepted: 06/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the shaping ability and safety of engine-driven FlexMaster, GT Rotary, ProFile, ProTaper, and RaCe rotary instrumentation and Hedström hand instrumentation in simulated root canals. STUDY DESIGN One hundred fifty simulated colored root canals with a curvature of 20 degrees and a radius of 10 mm were randomly distributed among 6 groups of 25 specimens each. After preparation to apical size 30 the area of remaining color on the canal wall indicating unprepared areas was measured in mm2 using image analyzer software. RESULTS Specimens treated with RaCe left least areas of remaining color compared to all other groups (P < .001), followed by ProTaper. Preparation with ProFile left behind the highest amount of unprepared areas. The ProFile group revealed significantly more remaining color than ProTaper, GT Rotary, and FlexMaster (P < .05). Four FlexMaster files separated. CONCLUSION RaCe rotary files were safe and more effective compared to the other instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg F Schirrmeister
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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30
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Iqbal MK, Rafailov H, Kratchman SI, Karabucak B. A Comparison of Three Methods for Preparing Centered Platforms Around Separated Instruments in Curved Canals. J Endod 2006; 32:48-51. [PMID: 16410068 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2005.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study compared three methods for creating the most centered staging platform (SP) around separated instruments (SI) in curved canals. Green .04 ProFiles, notched at D(3), were separated in the apical third of 42 mesiobuccal canals of maxillary and mandibular molars. Teeth were divided into three groups. SPs were prepared in group 1 with Gates Gliddens (GG) to a size #3; group 2 with LightSpeed to a size 90; and group 3 with incrementally cut rotary .06 ProFiles to size 82. Pre- and postoperative digital radiographs were imported into AutoCAD to measure the deviation of SP from the head of the separated instrument. Pearson's correlation showed a positive relationship between deviation of the SP and the distance of the SI from the elbow of the canal. ANOVA showed that LightSpeed instruments were significantly more effective in preparing a centered staging platform around separated instruments in curved canals when compared to GG drills and ProFiles (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian K Iqbal
- Department of Endodontics, The Robert Schattner Center, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, 240 South 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6030, USA.
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Hong ES, Park JK, Hur B, Kim HC. Comparison of shaping ability between various hybrid instrumentation methods with ProTaper. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.5395/jkacd.2006.31.1.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Sook Hong
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Korea
| | - Jeong-Kil Park
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Korea
| | - Bock Hur
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Korea
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Guelzow A, Stamm O, Martus P, Kielbassa AM. Comparative study of six rotary nickel-titanium systems and hand instrumentation for root canal preparation. Int Endod J 2005; 38:743-52. [PMID: 16164689 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2005.01010.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare ex vivo various parameters of root canal preparation using a manual technique and six different rotary nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) instruments (FlexMaster, System GT, HERO 642, K3, ProTaper, and RaCe). METHODOLOGY A total of 147 extracted mandibular molars were divided into seven groups (n = 21) with equal mean mesio-buccal root canal curvatures (up to 70 degrees), and embedded in a muffle system. All root canals were prepared to size 30 using a crown-down preparation technique for the rotary nickel-titanium instruments and a standardized preparation (using reamers and Hedströem files) for the manual technique. Length modifications and straightening were determined by standardized radiography and a computer-aided difference measurement for every instrument system. Post-operative cross-sections were evaluated by light-microscopic investigation and photographic documentation. Procedural errors, working time and time for instrumentation were recorded. The data were analysed statistically using the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Mann-Whitney U-test. RESULTS No significant differences were detected between the rotary Ni-Ti instruments for alteration of working length. All Ni-Ti systems maintained the original curvature well, with minor mean degrees of straightening ranging from 0.45 degrees (System GT) to 1.17 degrees (ProTaper). ProTaper had the lowest numbers of irregular post-operative root canal diameters; the results were comparable between the other systems. Instrument fractures occurred with ProTaper in three root canals, whilst preparation with System GT, HERO 642, K3 and the manual technique resulted in one fracture each. Ni-Ti instruments prepared canals more rapidly than the manual technique. The shortest time for instrumentation was achieved with System GT (11.7 s). CONCLUSIONS Under the conditions of this ex vivo study all Ni-Ti systems maintained the canal curvature, were associated with few instrument fractures and were more rapid than a standardized manual technique. ProTaper instruments created more regular canal diameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Guelzow
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University School of Dental Medicine, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
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Kim HC, Park JK, Hur B. Relative efficacy of three Ni-Ti file systems used by undergraduates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.5395/jkacd.2005.30.1.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Cheol Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Korea
| | - Jeong-Kil Park
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Korea
| | - Bock Hur
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Korea
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Webber J. ProTaper for hand use. AUST ENDOD J 2004; 30:80-1. [PMID: 15378977 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-4477.2004.tb00193.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Limongi O, Klymus ÂO, Baratto Filho F, Vanni JR, Travassos R. In vitro evaluation of the presence of apical deviation with employment of automated handpieces with continuous and alternate motion for root canal preparation. J Appl Oral Sci 2004; 12:195-9. [DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572004000300006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2003] [Accepted: 04/16/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study conducted an in vitro evaluation of the presence of apical deviation on the root canal preparation of the mesiobuccal roots of human maxillary molars employing automated handpieces with continuous motion, the Pow R system (Moyco Union Broach), and alternate motion, the M4 system (Kerr). Analysis of the presence of apical deviation was carried out by means of radiographs obtained on a radiographic desk fabricated for the study. The results demonstrated the lack of statistically significant differences between the two systems as to the evaluation of the presence of apical deviation. There was no correlation between the degree of curvature of the roots and the degree of apical deviation for the continuous motion system. However, there was a statistic difference for the alternate motion system, with a direct correlation of moderate degree.
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Abstract
Nickel-titanium rotary instruments are important adjuncts in endodontic therapy. This review attempts to identify factors that influence shaping outcomes with these files, such as preoperative root-canal anatomy and instrument tip design. Other, less significant factors include operator experience, rotational speed, and specific instrument sequence. Implications of various working length definitions and desired apical widths are correlated with clinical results. Despite the existence of one ever-present risk factor, dental anatomy, shaping outcomes with nickel-titanium rotary instruments are mostly predictable. Current evidence indicates that wider apical preparations are feasible. Nickel-titanium rotary instruments require a preclinical training period to minimize separation risks and should be used to case-related working lengths and apical widths. However, and despite superior in vitro results, randomized, clinical trials are required to evaluate outcomes when using nickel-titanium instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ove A Peters
- Division of Endodontology, Clinic for Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University of Zürich, Switzerland.
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37
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Schäfer E, Schulz-Bongert U, Tulus G. Comparison of Hand Stainless Steel and Nickel Titanium Rotary Instrumentation: A Clinical Study. J Endod 2004; 30:432-5. [PMID: 15167474 DOI: 10.1097/00004770-200406000-00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the effect of hand instruments and rotary nickel titanium Flex-Master files used by eight experienced dentists in private practice on the extent of straightening of curved root canals. In patients, 110 canals were prepared by FlexMaster instruments, and 84 canals were enlarged using hand instruments. After instrumentation, all canals were obturated. Preoperative and postoperative radiographs were taken of each tooth using customized bite blocks. Straightening of the canal curvatures was determined with a computer image analysis program. Preparation time and size of the master apical file were also recorded. The use of FlexMaster instruments resulted in significantly less straightening and a shorter preparation time (p < 0.0001) compared with hand instrumentation. Master apical file sizes were significantly greater for FlexMaster than for hand instruments (p < 0.01). This clinical study indicates that FlexMaster instruments prepared curved canals rapidly and with only minimal straightening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Schäfer
- Poliklinik für Zahnerhaltung, University School of Dentistry, Waldeyerstrasse 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
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Fife D, Gambarini G, Britto Lr LR. Cyclic fatigue testing of ProTaper NiTi rotary instruments after clinical use. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 97:251-6. [PMID: 14970785 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2003.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cyclic fatigue of ProTaper nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments (Tulsa Dental, Tulsa, Okla) after multiple clinical uses. STUDY DESIGN Two hundred twenty-five ProTaper instruments were divided into 3 groups: A = 75 used as controls, B = 75 used in 2 molars (6-8 canals), and C = 75 used in 4 molars (12-16 canals). The number of rotations to breakage and the fractured tip length were recorded for each file and the mean was calculated by ANOVA. RESULTS No S1-2 or F1-2-3 instrument separated during intracanal use, even if they were reused for a number of cases (x 4 molar cases). CONCLUSION It is clear that prolonged reuse of NiTi rotary instruments strongly affects instruments' fatigue, but our data suggest the hypothesis that other factors (primarily errors and misuse) may be more accountable for intracanal instrument separation. Further studies could assess the cyclic fatigue of each instrument at different levels of the shaft by altering the radius of curvature.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Fife
- Department of Endodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0436, USA
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Abstract
The ProFile instruments were among the first nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments to be marketed. This article describes the unique file design, clinical performance, safety concerns, and clinical applications of this system. Guidelines for NiTi rotary instrument usage need to be followed to minimize complications and maximize benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeung-Yi Hsu
- Private Practice, 11F, No. 9, Lane 81, Chung-shan N. Road, Sec. 7 Shihlin District, Taipei 111, Taiwan.
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Yun HH, Kim SK. A comparison of the shaping abilities of 4 nickel-titanium rotary instruments in simulated root canals. ORAL SURGERY, ORAL MEDICINE, ORAL PATHOLOGY, ORAL RADIOLOGY, AND ENDODONTICS 2003; 95:228-33. [PMID: 12582365 DOI: 10.1067/moe.2003.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare the root canal shaping abilities of 4 nickel-titanium rotary instruments. STUDY DESIGN ProFile, GT Rotary, Quantec, and ProTaper files were used to instrument 48 simulated curved root canals in plastic blocks with the crown-down technique. One operator prepared all the canals until reaching an apical canal size of #30. The instrumentation time, changes of canal dimension and curvature, canal aberration, and instrument deformation were evaluated. Data were analyzed by using one-way analysis of variance followed by the Duncan multiple range test. RESULTS The ProTaper took significantly less instrumentation time, removed more canal wall (especially at the inner side of the canal curve), lessened the canal curvature, and induced more instrument deformation than did the other instruments. CONCLUSION Although ProTaper files cut more canal wall more quickly than the other instruments in the curved canal, they were also the instruments that most frequently became deformed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Hwa Yun
- Department of Conservative Dentristry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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Park SH, Cho KM, Kim JW. The efficiency of the Ni-Ti rotary files in curved simulated canals shaped by novice operators. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.5395/jkacd.2003.28.2.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Se-Hee Park
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Kangnung National University, Korea
| | - Kyung-Mo Cho
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Kangnung National University, Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Kangnung National University, Korea
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Schäfer E, Lohmann D. Efficiency of rotary nickel-titanium FlexMaster instruments compared with stainless steel hand K-Flexofile--Part 1. Shaping ability in simulated curved canals. Int Endod J 2002; 35:505-13. [PMID: 12190907 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2591.2002.00513.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this study was to compare the shaping ability of FlexMaster rotary nickel-titanium instruments with stainless steel hand K-Flexofiles. This part of the two-part report describes the efficiency of these two instruments in simulated curved root canals. METHODOLOGY Simulated 28 degree- and 35 degree-curved canals were prepared by the FlexMaster instruments with a rotational speed of 250 rpm using a crown-down preparation technique. and by the K-Flexofiles using a reaming motion (n = 24 canals in each case). All canals were prepared up to size 35. The pre- and post-instrumentation images were recorded and assessment of the canal shape was completed with a computer image analysis program. The material removal was measured at 20 measuring points, beginning 1 mm away from the apex. Incidence of canal aberrations, preparation time,changes of working length and instrument failures were also recorded. RESULTS In comparison with stainless steel K-Flexofiles, the rotary FlexMaster instruments achieved bet-ter canal geometry, showed less canal transportation and created fewer canal aberrations in both the canal types. Two FlexMaster instruments were separated, and 15 FlexMaster instruments and 11 K-Flexofiles were permanently deformed during preparation. However, these differences were not significant (P > 0.05). Between both the canal types, FlexMaster was significantly faster (P < 0.001) than K-Flexofiles. Both instruments maintained a good working distance. CONCLUSIONS FlexMaster instruments prepared curved canals rapidly, and with minimal transportation towards the outer aspect of the curve.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Schäfer
- Department of Operative Dentistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
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Imura N, Kato AS, Novo NF, Hata G, Uemura M, Toda T. A comparison of mesial molar root canal preparations using two engine-driven instruments and the balanced-force technique. J Endod 2001; 27:627-31. [PMID: 11592493 DOI: 10.1097/00004770-200110000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of two engine-driven, nickel-titanium instrument systems with hand files in the final shape of slight and moderately curved canals. A total of 72 mesial roots of extracted human mandibular molars were divided into three groups: ProFile .04 taper, Pow-R rotary systems, and Flex-R hand-filing technique. The roots were mounted and cross-sectioned at two different horizontal levels using a modified Bramante technique. Pre- and postinstrumented cross-sectional roots were imaged, recorded, and computer analyzed. Results showed that, at the middle third, in almost all groups, there was a tendency of cutting more toward the mesial side with only one exception: Pow-R cut more to the distal side (danger zone) (p < 0.02). At the apical third, Flex-R (p < 0.03) and ProFile (0.001) transported to the mesial side (danger zone) when the curvature increased. When the three techniques were compared analyzing each side and considering the two groups of curvature, at the middle third in the moderately curved-canal group, Flex-R cut statistically more than Pow-R toward the lingual side. The other comparisons showed no statistically significant difference. When the techniques were compared in relation with the degree of curvature, in the apical third, ProFile .04 cut statistically more toward the mesial side in the moderately curved canal group than in the slightly curved canal group. The other comparisons showed no statistically significant difference. Canal preparation time was shorter with hand instrumentation (p < .05) in a few instances.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Imura
- Ensino Odontológico Institute, PAEO, Sào Paulo, Brazil
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Gluskin AH, Brown DC, Buchanan LS. A reconstructed computerized tomographic comparison of Ni-Ti rotary GT files versus traditional instruments in canals shaped by novice operators. Int Endod J 2001; 34:476-84. [PMID: 11556516 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2591.2001.00422.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to compare the effects of preparation with conventional stainless steel Flexofiles and Gates Glidden burs versus nickel-titanium GT rotary files in the shaping of mesial root canals of extracted mandibular molars. METHODOLOGY A total of 54 canals from 27 mesial roots of mandibular molar teeth were prepared using one of two methods by novice dental students. One canal in each root was prepared by a crown-down approach. utilizing stainless steel Flexofiles and Gates Glidden burs. The other canal was prepared using nickel-titanium GT rotary files in a crown-down fashion as recommended by the manufacturer. Preoperative CT scans of each root were recorded and 50 canal specimens were available for postoperative comparisons. Following canal shaping, postoperative scans were superimposed on the original images. Changes in canal area, canal transportation and thickness of remaining root structure at strategic levels of the root were analyzed. The time taken for each method was also noted. RESULTS At the coronal and mid-root coronal one-third sections, the rotary GT files produced a significantly smaller postoperative canal area (P < 0.05). In the mid-root sections there was significantly less transportation of the root canal toward the furcation, and less thinning of the root structure with GT files compared to the stainless steel files (P < 0.05). Overall, there was greater conservation of structure coronally and more adequate shape in the mid-root level. The GT rotary technique was significantly faster than the stainless steel hand-held file technique (P < 0.0001). Two GT instruments fractured during the study. CONCLUSIONS Under the conditions of this study, novice dental students were able to prepare curved root canals with Ni-Ti GT rotary files with less transportation and greater conservation of tooth structure, compared to canals prepared with hand instruments. The rotary technique was significantly faster.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Gluskin
- Department of Endodontics, University of the Pacific School of Dentistry, San Francisco, California 94115, USA.
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Schäfer E. Shaping ability of Hero 642 rotary nickel-titanium instruments and stainless steel hand K-Flexofiles in simulated curved root canals. ORAL SURGERY, ORAL MEDICINE, ORAL PATHOLOGY, ORAL RADIOLOGY, AND ENDODONTICS 2001; 92:215-20. [PMID: 11505270 DOI: 10.1067/moe.2001.114622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare the shaping ability of Hero 642 rotary nickel-titanium instruments with that of stainless steel hand K-Flexofiles. STUDY DESIGN Simulated 28 degrees and 35 degrees curved canals were prepared with Hero 642 instruments by using a crown-down preparation and with K-Flexofiles by using a reaming working motion (n = 24 canals in each case). All canals were sequentially prepared up to size 35. Preinstrumental and postinstrumental images were taken, and assessment of the canal shapes was completed with a computer image analysis program. Material removal was measured at 20 measuring points, beginning 1 mm away from the apex. In addition, preparation time, changes of working length, and instrument failures were recorded. RESULTS In comparison with stainless steel K-Flexofiles, rotary Hero 642 instruments achieved better canal geometry and showed less canal transportation, both in canals with 28 degrees curves and in canals with 35 degrees curves. Three Hero instruments separated, whereas none of the K-Flexofiles separated. In 28 degrees curved canals, Hero instruments were significantly faster (P <.01) and maintained working distance significantly better (P <.05) than K-Flexofiles. These differences were insignificant in 35 degrees curved canals. CONCLUSION Hero 642 instruments prepared curved canals rapidly, without change in working length and with only minimal transportation toward the outer aspect of the curve.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Schäfer
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Germany.
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Zimet PO. The use of ProFile in instrumentation. AUST ENDOD J 2001; 26:64-6. [PMID: 11359284 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-4477.2000.tb00272.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Peters OA, Schönenberger K, Laib A. Effects of four Ni-Ti preparation techniques on root canal geometry assessed by micro computed tomography. Int Endod J 2001; 34:221-30. [PMID: 12193268 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2591.2001.00373.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 431] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to compare the effects of four preparation techniques on canal volume and surface area using three-dimensionally reconstructed root canals in extracted human maxillary molars. In addition, micro CT data was used to describe morphometric parameters related to the four preparation techniques. METHODOLOGY A micro computed tomography scanner was used to analyse root canals in extracted maxillary molars. Specimens were scanned before and after canals were prepared using Ni-Ti - K-Files, Lightspeed instruments, ProFile.04 and GT rotary instruments. Differences in dentine volume removed, canal straightening, the proportion of unchanged area and canal transportation were calculated using specially developed software. RESULTS Instrumentation of canals increased volume and surface area. Prepared canals were significantly more rounded, had greater diameters and were straighter than unprepared canals. However, all instrumentation techniques left 35% or more of the canals' surface area unchanged. Whilst there were significant differences between the three canal types investigated, very few differences were found with respect to instrument types. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of the micro CT system, there were few differences between the four canal instrumentation techniques used. By contrast, a strong impact of variations of canal anatomy was demonstrated. Further studies with 3D-techniques are required to fully understand the biomechanical aspects of root canal preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Peters
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Cariology and Periodontology, ETH, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Peters OA, Laib A, Göhring TN, Barbakow F. Changes in root canal geometry after preparation assessed by high-resolution computed tomography. J Endod 2001; 27:1-6. [PMID: 11487156 DOI: 10.1097/00004770-200101000-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Root canal morphology changes during canal preparation, and these changes may vary depending on the technique used. Such changes have been studied in vitro by measuring cross-sections of canals before and after preparation. This current study used nondestructive high-resolution scanning tomography to assess changes in the canals' paths after preparation. A microcomputed tomography scanner (cubic resolution 34 microm) was used to analyze 18 canals in 6 extracted maxillary molars. Canals were scanned before and after preparation using either K-Files, Lightspeed, or ProFile .04 rotary instruments. A special mounting device enabled precise repositioning and scanning of the specimens after preparation. Differences in surface area (deltaA in mm2) and volume (deltaV in mm3) of each canal before and after preparation were calculated using custom-made software. deltaV ranged from 0.64 to 2.86, with a mean of 1.61 +/- 0.7, whereas deltaA varied from 0.72 to 9.66, with a mean of 4.16 +/- 2.63. Mean deltaV and deltaA for the K-File, ProFile, and Lightspeed groups were 1.28 +/- 0.57 and 2.58 +/- 1.83; 1.79 +/- 0.66 and 4.86 +/- 2.53; and 1.81 +/- 0.57 and 5.31 +/- 2.98, respectively. Canal anatomy and the effects of preparation were further analyzed using the Structure Model Index and the Transportation of Centers of Mass. Under the conditions of this study variations in canal geometry before preparation had more influence on the changes during preparation than the techniques themselves. Consequently studies comparing the effects of root canal instruments on canal anatomy should also consider details of the preoperative canal geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Peters
- Division of Endodontology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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