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Keyes CA, Giltrow KR, Mahon TJ. A comparison of maceration methods for the preparation of infant skeletal remains for forensic anthropological analysis. Int J Legal Med 2024; 138:1085-1092. [PMID: 37993753 PMCID: PMC11003911 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-023-03137-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Very little literature currently exists prescribing which maceration method to use when preparing infant human remains, resulting in bone quality that is suitable for forensic anthropological analysis. The aim of the study was to test five maceration methods to determine which is most suitable for infant remains for forensic anthropological analysis. The sample included five neonate pig carcasses (Sus scrofa domesticus), ranging between one to three days old. Five maceration methods were tested on the pig carcasses (one pig per maceration method) to determine their effectiveness. The methods included invertebrate maceration by meal worms, chemical maceration by bleach, chemical maceration by borax solution, enzymatic maceration by laundry detergent and sodium carbonate solution, and chemical maceration by sodium hypochlorite. A scoring method was created to assess the effectiveness of each maceration method. Invertebrate maceration and chemical maceration using bleach were the least successful methods of maceration (total maceration score = 8 respectively). Chemical maceration using borax and chemical maceration using sodium hypochlorite achieved complete maceration of the skeletal remains; however, they both resulted in artifacts that are unsuitable for forensic analysis (total maceration score = 14 respectively). Enzymatic maceration using laundry detergent and sodium carbonate was the most successful method (total maceration score = 17). The detergent technique subsequently successfully macerated all five sets of infant human remains. This study has validated that the enzymatic maceration technique using laundry detergent and sodium carbonate can be used to effectively macerate the remains of infant skeletal remains for forensic anthropological analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Keyes
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - K R Giltrow
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - T-J Mahon
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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2
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Ni CQ, Xie WQ. Quantifying sodium hypochlorite content in hypochlorite-based disinfectants via phase-conversion headspace technique. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1721:464812. [PMID: 38569297 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
In this work, a novel and efficient approach for sodium hypochlorite analysis is proposed via phase-conversion headspace technique, which is based on the gas chromatography (GC) detection of generated carbon dioxide (CO2) from the redox reaction of sodium hypochlorite with sodium oxalate. The data obtained by the proposed method suggest the high detecting precision and accuracy. In addition, the method has low detection limits (limit of quantification (LOQ) = 0.24 μg/mL), and the recoveries of added standard ranged from 98.33 to 101.27 %. The proposed phase-conversion headspace technique is efficient and automated, thereby offering an efficient strategy for highly efficient analysis of sodium hypochlorite and related products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Quan Ni
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Wei-Qi Xie
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
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3
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Plehiers PM. Comment on "Detection of exposed phosgene in household bleach: development of a selective and cost-effective sensing tool" by S. Saha and P. Sahoo, Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts, 2023, 25, 1144. Environ Sci Process Impacts 2024; 26:791-792. [PMID: 38516873 DOI: 10.1039/d3em00483j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
In the absence of an identified source of carbon, the reported formation of phosgene from bleach powder is questioned. Interferences and confounding effects other than those investigated by the authors may have led to artifactual results.
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Xiao X, He M, Ma L, Lv W, Huang K, Yang H, Li Y, Zou L, Xiao Y, Wang W. Insights into microbial contamination and antibiotic resistome traits in pork wholesale market: An evaluation of the disinfection effect of sodium hypochlorite. J Hazard Mater 2024; 468:133811. [PMID: 38382341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Chlorine and its derivatives, such as sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and chlorine dioxide, are frequently employed as disinfectants throughout the pork supply chain in China. Nevertheless, the extensive use of NaClO has the potential to cause the creation of 'chlorine-tolerant bacteria' and accelerate the evolution of antibiotic resistance. This study evaluated the efficacy of NaClO disinfection by examining alterations in the microbiome and resistome of a pork wholesale market (PWM), and bacteria isolation and analysis were performed to validate the findings. As expected, the taxonomic compositions of bacteria was significantly different before and after disinfection. Notably, Salmonella enterica (S. enterica), Salmonella bongori (S. bongori), Escherichia coli (E. coli), Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) were observed on all surfaces, indicating that the application of NaClO disinfection treatment in PWM environments for pathogenic bacteria is limited. Correlations were identified between antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) associated with aminoglycosides (aph(3'')-I, aph(6')-I), quinolone (qnrB, abaQ), polymyxin (arnA, mcr-4) and disinfectant resistance genes (emrA/BD, mdtA/B/C/E/F). Furthermore, correlations were found between risk Rank I ARGs associated with aminoglycoside (aph(3')-I), tetracycline (tetH), beta_lactam (TEM-171), and disinfectant resistance genes (mdtB/C/E/F, emrA, acrB, qacG). Importantly, we found that Acinetobacter and Salmonella were the main hosts of disinfectant resistance genes. The resistance mechanisms of the ARGs identified in PWM were dominated by antibiotic deactivation (38.7%), antibiotic efflux (27.2%), and antibiotic target protection (14.4%). The proportion of genes encoding efflux pumps in the PWM resistome increased after disinfection. Microbial cultures demonstrated that the traits of microbial contamination and antibiotic resistane were consistent with those observed by metagenomic sequencing. This study highlights the possibility of cross-resistance between NaClO disinfectants and antibiotics, which should not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingning Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, MOA Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Hangzhou), Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Miao He
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, MOA Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Hangzhou), Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China; College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Lingyan Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, MOA Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Hangzhou), Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wentao Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, MOA Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Hangzhou), Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kang Huang
- Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, USA
| | - Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, MOA Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Hangzhou), Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanbin Li
- Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Likou Zou
- College of Resources and Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yingping Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, MOA Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Hangzhou), Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Wen Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, MOA Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Hangzhou), Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
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5
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Joshi S, Madhav VNV, Saini RS, Gurumurthy V, Alshadidi AAF, Aldosari LIN, Okshah A, Mosaddad SA, Heboyan A. Evaluation of the effect of chemical disinfection and ultraviolet disinfection on the dimensional stability of polyether impression material: an in-vitro study. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:458. [PMID: 38622548 PMCID: PMC11020824 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04188-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various methods, chemical and physical, disinfect dental impressions. Common chemicals include 1% Sodium Hypochlorite and 2% glutaraldehyde, while UV radiation is a prevalent physical method. Few studies compare their effects on dimensional stability in polyether impressions. This study aims to assess such stability using different disinfection methods. Therefore, this study was planned to evaluate the dimensional stability of polyether impression material using different disinfection methods. METHODS This in vitro study compared the effects of chemical disinfectants (1% Sodium Hypochlorite and 2% glutaraldehyde) and UV irradiation on the dimensional stability of polyether impression material. Groups A, B, C, and D, each with ten samples (N = 10), were studied. Group A was untreated (control). Group B was treated with 2% glutaraldehyde for 20 min, Group C with 1% Sodium Hypochlorite for 20 min, and Group D with UV rays for 20 min. A pilot milling machine drill was used to make four parallel holes labeled A, B, C, and D in the anterior and premolar regions from right to left. After sequential drilling, four implant analogs were positioned using a surveyor for accuracy. Ten open-tray polyether impressions were made and treated as described in the groups, followed by pouring the corresponding casts. Distortion values for each disinfection method were measured using a coordinate measuring machine capable of recording on the X- and Y-axes. RESULTS A comprehensive analysis was conducted using the one-way ANOVA test for distinct groups labeled A, B, C, and D, revealing significant differences in the mean distances for X1, X2, X4, X5, and X6 among the groups, with p-values ranging from 0.001 to 0.000. However, no significant differences were observed in X3. Notably, mean distances for the Y variables exhibited substantial differences among the groups, emphasizing parameter variations, with p-values ranging from 0.000 to 0.033. The results compared the four groups using the one-way ANOVA test, revealing statistically significant distance differences for most X and Y variables, except for X3 and Y4. Similarly, post-hoc Tukey's tests provided specific pairwise comparisons, underlining the distinctions between group C and the others in the mean and deviation distances for various variables on both the X- and Y-axes. CONCLUSIONS This study found that disinfection with 1% sodium hypochlorite or UV rays for 20 min maintained dimensional stability in polyether impressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehal Joshi
- Department of Prosthodontics, SMBT Dental College and Hospital, Sangamner, 422608, Maharashtra, India
| | - V N V Madhav
- Department of Prosthodontics, YCMM & RDF's Dental College and Hospital, Ahmednagar, India
| | - Ravinder S Saini
- Department of Dental Technology, COAMS, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Abdulmajeed Okshah
- Department of Dental Technology, COAMS, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seyed Ali Mosaddad
- Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Qasr-e-Dasht Street, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Artak Heboyan
- Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Stomatology, Yerevan State Medical University after Mkhitar Heratsi, Str. Koryun 2, Yerevan, 0025, Armenia.
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Gasparelli CHC, Marceliano-Alves MFV, Bastos LF, Lopes RT, Limoeiro AGDS, Nascimento WM, Dos Santos LMH, Boukpessi T, Soares ADJ, Frozoni M. Analysis of the penetration of NaOCl 5.25% into dentinal tubules using different irrigation protocols: An ex vivo study. AUST ENDOD J 2024; 50:140-147. [PMID: 38152976 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to investigate the 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) penetration into the dentinal tubules after different irrigation methods. Seventy canines were stained with 1% crystal violet and divided into groups (n = 20): GEC-EasyClean; GPUI-E1 Irrisonic ultrasonic insert; GXP-XP-Endo finisher; GPC-conventional irrigation and GNC-stained tooth without irrigation. Axial sections (16×) were assessed and irrigant penetration was quantified as a bleaching halo on the surface of the apical, middle and coronal third. In the apical third, GPUI promoted greater NaOCl penetration (p < 0.05). GXP was better than GEC (p < 0.05), as was GPC (p > 0.05). The GPUI and GXP groups were similar in the middle and coronal third (p > 0.05). GPUI and GXP showed better results than GEC (p < 0.05). GPUI was more effective in the apical third and like GXP in the cervical and middle third.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marília Fagury Videira Marceliano-Alves
- Department of Dental Research and Endodontics, Iguaçu University, Nova Iguaçu, Brazil
- Laboratory of Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, School of Dentistry, Laboratoire d'Excellence INFLAMEX, Université Paris Cité, URP 2496, Montrouge, France
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT - Biomaterials Research group & UZ Leuven (University Hospitals Leuven), KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luan Ferreira Bastos
- Nuclear Instrumentation Department, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Tadeu Lopes
- Nuclear Instrumentation Department, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Wayne Martins Nascimento
- Department of Endodontics, São Leopoldo Mandic Dental Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Tchilalo Boukpessi
- Laboratory of Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, School of Dentistry, Laboratoire d'Excellence INFLAMEX, Université Paris Cité, URP 2496, Montrouge, France
- Pitié Salpétrière Hospital Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Adriana de Jesus Soares
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Frozoni
- Department of Endodontics, São Leopoldo Mandic Dental Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Aslan T, Dadi Ş, Kafdag O, Temur N, Ildiz N, Ocsoy I, Ustun Y. Rational design of EDTA-incorporated nanoflowers as novel and effective endodontic disinfection against biofilms. Odontology 2024; 112:444-452. [PMID: 37787827 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00857-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
The ethylenediaminetetradiacetic acid (EDTA) is one of the most commonly used irrigation solutions. Although EDTA has a very low antimicrobial property, it is used to remove inorganic part of smear layer in areas of root canal system. Herein, we developed EDTA-incorporated nanoflowers (EDTA NFs), for the first time, as novel and effective irrigation solution with quite high antimicrobial property to provide complete disinfection in root canal system. We both systematically elucidated the formation of the EDTA NFs with various techniques, and their catalytic and antimicrobial activities in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were documented through intrinsic EDTA property and peroxidase-like activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugrul Aslan
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Şeyma Dadi
- Department of Nanotechnology Engineering, Abdullah Gül University, 38080, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Kafdag
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Nimet Temur
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
| | - Nilay Ildiz
- Medical Imaging Department, Bandırma Onyedi Eylul University, Vocational School of Health Services, 12 10200, Bandirma, Turkey
| | - Ismail Ocsoy
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
| | - Yakup Ustun
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
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Sehitoglu G, Cakici F, Soylemez S, Dengiz C. Evaluation of the effect of graphene oxide-based nanocomposites on smear layer by a scanning electron microscope: Laboratory investigation. AUST ENDOD J 2024; 50:3-14. [PMID: 37800647 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
This study is to examine the effect of graphene oxide (GO) and GO-based nanocomposites (GO_EDTA, GO_CHIT) on the smear layer by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Sixty human single-rooted anterior teeth were used. Samples were randomly categorised into six groups. Distilled water in group 1, 17% EDTA in group 2, chitosan (CHIT) solution in group 3, GO solution in group 4, GO_EDTA solution in group 5 and GO_CHIT in group 6 were used as irrigation solutions. Photomicrographs were acquired from the coronal, middle and apical parts of the samples by SEM. Statistical analyses were performed using Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon tests. There was a statistically significant difference among the groups (p < 0.003). Adding GO to CHIT and EDTA did not affect removing the smear layer in all segments (p < 0.003). Incorporating GO into EDTA and CHIT solutions did not change their interaction with the smear layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulbin Sehitoglu
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Fatih Cakici
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Saniye Soylemez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram, Turkey
| | - Cagatay Dengiz
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
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Wang M, Sun H, Ma X, Wang H, Shi B. Metabolic response of bacterial community to sodium hypochlorite and ammonia nitrogen affected the antibiotic resistance genes in pipelines biofilm. Water Res 2024; 252:121179. [PMID: 38324986 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The biofilm is important for the antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) propagation in drinking water pipelines. This study investigated the influence of chlorine disinfection and ammonia nitrogen on the ARGs in pipelines biofilm using metagenomic and metabolomics analysis. Chlorine disinfection reduced the relative abundance of unclassified_c_Actinobacteria, Acidimicrobium, and Candidatus_Pelagibacter to 394-430 TPM, 114-123 TPM, and 49-54 TPM, respectively. Correspondingly, the ARGs Saur_rpoC_DAP, macB, and mfd was reduced to 8-12 TPM, 81-92 TPM and 30-35 TPM, respectively. The results of metabolomics suggested that chlorine disinfection suppressed the pathways of ABC transporters, fatty acid biosynthesis, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, and biosynthesis of amino acids. These pathways were related to the cell membrane integrality and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) secretion. Chlorine disinfection induced the decrease of EPS-related genes, resulting in the lower relative abundance of bacterial community and their antibiotic resistance. However, added approximately 0.5 mg/L NH3-N induced up-regulation of these metabolic pathways. In addition, NH3-N addition increased the relative abundance of enzymes related to inorganic and organic nitrogen metabolic pathway significantly, such as ammonia monooxygenase, glutamine synthetase, and glutamate synthase. Due to the EPS protection and nitrogen metabolism, the relative abundance of the main bacterial genera and the related ARGs increased to the level equal to that in pipelines biofilm with no disinfection. Therefore, NH3-N reduced the ARGs removal efficiency of chlorine disinfection. It is necessary to take measures to improve the removal rate of NH3-N and ARGs for preventing their risks in drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Huifang Sun
- Institute of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Xu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Baoyou Shi
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Timponi Goes Cruz A, Antoniw Klemz A, Ribeiro Rosa EA, Soares Grecca F, Mattos B, Piasecki L, Machado R, Ignácio SA, da Silva Neto UX. Cleaning and disinfection of the root canal system provided by four active supplementary irrigation methods. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3795. [PMID: 38361036 PMCID: PMC10869831 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53375-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
This in vitro study evaluated the bacterial reduction provided by the EndoActivator (EA), Easy Clean (EC), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), and XP-Endo Finisher. Eight-four mesial roots of mandibular first molars were instrumented, inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis, and divided into four groups (n. 20). Bacterial reduction in the main canals and dentinal tubules were respectively determined by MTT assays and Live/Dead BackLight technique through confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) at 50, 100, and 150 µm in-depth (n. 10 per group). Statistical analyses were conducted following a significance level of 95% (P < 0.05). A significant statistical difference was just identified between XPF and EC in the main canals. In the dentinal tubules from the main root canals, at 100 and 150 µm in-depths, significant statistical differences were only observed between XPF and EC (P = 0.027) for the former and between XPF and EC (P = 0.011) and XPF and PUI (P = 0.021) for the latter. In the dentinal tubules from the isthmus, at 100 µm in-depth, statistically relevant differences did occur between XPF and EC (P = 0.038) and EC and EA (P = 0.029). At 150 µm in-depth, these differences were only significant by comparing XPF and PUI (P = 0.025) and XPF and EC (P = 0.036). Although no irrigation method could thoroughly disinfect the RCS, bacterial reduction indexes were generally better after using XPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Timponi Goes Cruz
- Department of Endodontics, College of Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná-PUC/PR, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Adriane Antoniw Klemz
- Department of Endodontics, College of Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná-PUC/PR, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Edvaldo Antônio Ribeiro Rosa
- Department of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná-PUC/PR, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Soares Grecca
- Department of Endodontics, College of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Bianca Mattos
- Department of Endodontics, College of Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná-PUC/PR, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lucila Piasecki
- Department of Periodontics & Endodontics, College of Dentistry, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Ricardo Machado
- Clinical practice limited to Endodontics, Navegantes, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Sérgio Aparecido Ignácio
- Department of Statistics, College of Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná-PUC/PR, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ulisses Xavier da Silva Neto
- Department of Endodontics, College of Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná-PUC/PR, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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11
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Coelho SRG, da Silva MDD, Nunes TSBS, Viotto HEC, Marin DOM, Pero AC. Effect of immersion in disinfectants on the color stability of denture base resins and artificial teeth obtained by 3D printing. J Prosthodont 2024; 33:157-163. [PMID: 36740784 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of immersion in disinfecting solutions on the color stability of denture base resins and artificial teeth obtained by 3D printing. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty discs (15 × 3 mm) were obtained for each group: Lucitone 550 and Cosmos Denture 3D (denture base resins), Duralay and Cosmos TEMP 3D (artificial teeth resins). The discs were immersed in disinfectant solutions: Corega Tabs, 2% chlorhexidine digluconate, 0.25% sodium hypochlorite, and distilled water. Color measurements were obtained with a spectrophotometer before immersion in disinfectants and after the simulated periods of 6 and 12 months. Data (ΔE00 ) were submitted to mixed three-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post-test. RESULTS For denture base resins, Cosmos Denture 3D showed greater color change regardless of the solution and immersion time. The immersion time of 6 months influenced the color change of the denture base resins regardless of the disinfectant solution. For the artificial teeth resins, the immersion time of 12 months showed a significant color change when compared to 6 months. Cosmos TEMP 3D showed greater color change for all solutions, except for 0.25% sodium hypochlorite. Duralay resin showed greater color change in 2% chlorhexidine, regardless of immersion time. CONCLUSIONS For denture base resins, the immersion time significantly changed the color regardless of the solution. For artificial teeth resins, Cosmos TEMP 3D showed greater color changes in all solutions when compared to Duralay, except for 0.25% sodium hypochlorite. Chlorhexidine digluconate significantly changed the color of Duralay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina R G Coelho
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcela D D da Silva
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais S B S Nunes
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hamile E C Viotto
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danny O M Marin
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ana C Pero
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Vo E, Horvatin M, Zhuang Z, McClain C, Streeter R, Brannen J, Suhon NL. Evaluation of the effects of wiping decontamination for filter cartridges of elastomeric half-mask respirators (EHMRs). Am J Infect Control 2024; 52:159-166. [PMID: 37268019 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2023.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A major concern among health care experts is a shortage of N95 filtering facepiece respirators during a pandemic. If the supply of N95 filtering facepiece respirators becomes limited, reusable elastomeric half-mask respirators (EHMRs) may be used to protect health care workers. The focus of this study was to evaluate the effects on the filter performance of wiping decontamination for EHMR P100 filter cartridges. METHODS The filter cartridge exterior of EHMR Honeywell, Moldex, and Mine Safety Appliance (MSA) models was wiped using quaternary ammonium and sodium hypochlorite wipes. These filter cartridge properties were assessed including observational analysis and filter performance tests. These wiping and assessing procedures were repeated after each set of wiping cycles (50, 100, 150, 200, and 400 cycles) to determine the effects of wiping decontamination. RESULTS For sodium hypochlorite wipes, Honeywell, Moldex, and MSA models passed the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) liquid particulate penetration criteria for all wiping cycles from 50 to 400 (penetrations<0.014%). For quaternary ammonium wipes, filter penetrations of Moldex failed (penetrations>0.03%) after 150 cycles, while the filter penetrations of Honeywell and MSA passed for all wiping cycles (penetrations ≤0.013%). CONCLUSIONS Wiping decontamination methods using sodium hypochlorite and quaternary ammonium wipes could be considered promising decontamination candidates for Honeywell, Moldex, and MSA reuse, except for the wiping number selection for Moldex (<150 cycles) when using the quaternary ammonium wipe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evanly Vo
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory, Pittsburgh, PA.
| | - Matthew Horvatin
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ziqing Zhuang
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Caitlin McClain
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Jeremy Brannen
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Nichole L Suhon
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory, Pittsburgh, PA
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Guo S, Wu Y, Wang Z, Yin X. Effect of electrolytic zero-valent iron activated sodium hypochlorite on sludge dewatering performance. Water Sci Technol 2024; 89:989-1002. [PMID: 38423613 PMCID: wst_2024_037 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2024.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Using electrolytic zero-valent iron-activated sodium hypochlorite (EZVI-NaClO) to pretreat sludge, the capillary suction time (CST) was utilized to evaluate sludge dewaterability. Ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N), dissolved phosphorus, and total phosphorus in the supernatant were used to analyze sludge disintegration. This approach aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the pretreatment process and its impact on the sludge composition. The migration and transformation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), including dissolved EPS (S-EPS), loosely boundEPS, and tightly bound-EPS (TB-EPS), were analyzed by detecting protein and polysaccharide concentrations and three-dimensional fluorescence excitation-emission spectroscopy (3D-EEM). The sludge particle properties, including sludge viscosity and particle size, were also analyzed. The results suggested that the optimal pH value, NaClO dosage, current, and reaction time were 2, 100 mg/gDS (dry sludge), 0.2A, and 30 min, respectively, with a CST reduction of 43%. Protein and polysaccharide contents in TB-EPS were significantly reduced in the EZVI-NaClO group. Conversely, protein and polysaccharides contents in S-EPS increased, suggesting that EZVI-NaClO treatment could disrupt the EPS. Besides, the viscosity of the treated sludge decreased from 195.4 to 54.9 mPa·S, indicating that sludge fluidity became better. ZEVI-NaClO could enhance sludge dewaterability by destructing protein and polysaccharide structure and improving sludge hydrophobicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaodong Guo
- School of Urban Construction, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 10 of Huangjiahu West Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, China E-mail:
| | - Yuhang Wu
- School of Urban Construction, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 10 of Huangjiahu West Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, China
| | - Zhangyu Wang
- School of Urban Construction, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 10 of Huangjiahu West Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, China
| | - Xi Yin
- School of Urban Construction, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 10 of Huangjiahu West Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, China
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Anna B, Craig D, Gordon L, Eric S. Current Trends in Regenerative Endodontics: A Web-based Survey. J Endod 2024; 50:181-188. [PMID: 38013150 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2023.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to ascertain the current trends in regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) among clinicians, including case selection criteria and clinical protocols. METHODS An online questionnaire consisting of provider demographics, case selection criteria for REPs, and clinical protocols was made available to members of the American Association of Endodontists and members of the Endolit website. Data were analyzed using the Fisher exact test. RESULTS Two hundred seventy-two responses were analyzed (64.6% were men and 34.7% were women). Of those, 44.5% of respondents practiced in the United States, and 55.5% practiced outside of the Unites States. Most respondents (85.4%) reported performing REPs in their practice, and 92.2% were using sodium hypochlorite as one of their disinfecting irrigants. Calcium hydroxide was the most commonly used intracanal medicament (68.4%), and the majority of respondents use a blood clot alone as the scaffold (73.5%). Most (93%) of the providers reported using a bioceramic material for coronal capping. Practitioners outside the United States were found to be more likely to use adjunctive irrigation activation (P = .003). Younger practitioners preferred REPs over apexification (P = .01). Practitioners outside the United States were more likely to perform an REP in 1 visit (P = .006). Men were found to be more likely to always instrument the canal walls (P = .031). Women were found to be more likely to use manual irrigant activation, whereas men were more likely to use sonic activation (P = .043). CONCLUSIONS There is significant heterogeneity within REPs regarding case selection and clinical protocol. Notable differences were observed from the reported findings of REPs from 5 years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowers Anna
- Department of Endodontics, University of the Pacific, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, California
| | - Dunlap Craig
- Department of Endodontics, University of the Pacific, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, California.
| | - Lai Gordon
- Department of Endodontics, University of the Pacific, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, California
| | - Salmon Eric
- Outcome Assessment Liaison, University of the Pacific, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, California
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15
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Endodontic irrigation: Science or marketing? Br Dent J 2024; 236:341. [PMID: 38388615 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-024-7156-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
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16
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Zhang XY, Hu JK, Ma K, Gao XW, Wei YH, Han HD, Li KX. [Carbon Emission Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Typical Processes in Drinking Water Treatment Plant]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2024; 45:123-130. [PMID: 38216464 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202302078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Based on the actual operating conditions and data monitoring, the carbon emission characteristics of typical processes of a drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) in Tianjin were studied. The total carbon emission intensity measured by CO2-eq was 0.254 kg·m-3, and the proportion of carbon emissions from electricity consumption and reagent consumption was 81.76% and 9.15%, respectively. The key carbon emission sectors of electricity consumption were the water supply pump house, ultrafiltration membrane process, and inlet pump house, which accounted for 50.99%-73.51%, 17.64%-20.70%, and 17.97%-22.40% of the total carbon emission from electricity consumption in the DWTP, respectively. The contribution of sodium hypochlorite to the carbon emission of reagent consumption was 89.12%-90.30%, followed by ferric chloride, PAC, and ammonium sulfate. In the traditional water purification process, the carbon emission intensity of the process unit was in the order of inlet pump house > rapid filter > sedimentation tank. The order in the ultrafiltration membrane advanced treatment process was inlet pump house > ultrafiltration membrane > mechanical coagulation > clarification tank. The carbon emission intensity of the rapid filter process and the ultrafiltration membrane process were 0.070 9 kg·m-3 and 0.109 0 kg·m-3, respectively. The ultrafiltration membrane process could save 23% of the reagent consumption, and its carbon emission of electricity consumption was twice that of the traditional treatment process. The analysis of factors affecting carbon emission in key sectors showed that the raw water quality parameters such as turbidity, pH, ammonia nitrogen, temperature, etc., were significantly correlated with the carbon emission intensity of sodium hypochlorite. There was a significant linear regression relationship between ex-factory water pressure, daily water supply, and carbon emission intensity of the water supply pump house. The control measures of water quality and water pressure can effectively reduce the carbon emissions of the DWTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yu Zhang
- Tianjin Water Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300042, China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Tianjin Waterworks Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300040, China
| | - Jian-Kun Hu
- Tianjin Water Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300042, China
| | - Kai Ma
- Tianjin Water Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300042, China
| | - Xin-Wei Gao
- Tianjin Water Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300042, China
| | - Yue-Hua Wei
- Lingzhuang Waterworks, Tianjin Waterworks Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Hong-da Han
- Tianjin Water Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300042, China
| | - Ke-Xun Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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17
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Teixeira ÉF, Girundi ALG, Alexandrino LD, Morel LL, de Almeida MVR, Dos Santos VR, Fraga S, da Silva WJ, Mengatto CM. Effects of disinfection with a vinegar-hydrogen peroxide mixture on the surface characteristics of denture acrylic resins. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 28:45. [PMID: 38153515 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05405-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate changes in the surface characteristics of two denture resins when disinfected with a vinegar-hydrogen peroxide (VHP) mixture. MATERIALS AND METHODS Microwave-polymerized or 3D printed acrylic resin disks were immersed for 900 min (simulating 90 daily uses) in the following solutions (N = 10): water; 0.5% sodium hypochlorite; hydrogen peroxide and water dilution (1:1 ratio); vinegar and water dilution (1:1 ratio); and VHP mixture. Surface roughness, Knoop microhardness, surface free energy, and scanning electron microscopic images were assessed before and after the immersions. Results were compared using the 2-way ANOVA for repeated measures and Tukey test, at 5% significance. RESULTS Surface roughness and microhardness did not differ (P > .05) among the solutions and times. Surface free energy and its dispersive component increased (P < .05) for all solutions. All solutions, except for water and VHP mixture, degraded microtopography. CONCLUSIONS The VHP mixture was not deleterious to conventional and 3D-printed resin surfaces. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Conventional and 3D printed resin dentures can be disinfected with a VHP mixture in a 1:1 ratio because this mixture does not substantially affect the surface characteristics after 90 daily immersions. On the contrary, sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, and vinegar solutions, even in low concentrations, should be used with caution for denture disinfection because they may alter the resin microtopography over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Érico Fabbro Teixeira
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ana Luíza Gonçalves Girundi
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa Dolfini Alexandrino
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laura Lourenço Morel
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Rocha de Almeida
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Rodrigues Dos Santos
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sara Fraga
- Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Wander José da Silva
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Machado Mengatto
- Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Xie T, Yang J, Fang C, Zhang J, Lin H, Zhu Y, Tang T, Wang C. The survival of murine hepatitis virus (a surrogate of SARS-CoV-2) on conventional packaging materials under cold chain conditions. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1319828. [PMID: 38115844 PMCID: PMC10728718 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1319828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The cold chain conditions have been suggested to facilitate long-distance transmission of SARS-CoV-2, but it is unclear how viable the virus is on cold chain packaging materials. Methods This study used the MHV-JHM strain of murine hepatitis virus as a model organism to investigate the viability of SARS-CoV-2 on foam, plastic, cardboard, and wood sheets at different temperatures (-40°C, -20°C, and 4°C). In addition, the ability of peracetic acid and sodium hypochlorite to eliminate the MHV-JHM on plastic and cardboard sheets were also evaluated. Results The results indicate that MHV-JHM can survive on foam, plastic, or cardboard sheets for up to 28 days at -40°C and -20°C, and up to 14 days on foam and plastic surfaces at 4°C. Although viral nucleic acids were still detectable after storing at 4°C for 28 days, the corresponding virus titer was below the limit of quantification (LOQ). Discussion The study highlights that a positive nucleic acid test result may not indicate that the virus is still viable, and confirms that peracetic acid and sodium hypochlorite can effectively eliminate MHV-JHM on packaging materials under cold chain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiancheng Xie
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaxue Yang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chubin Fang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Technology Center of Chengdu Customs, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Lin
- Technology Center of Chengdu Customs, Chengdu, China
| | - Yalan Zhu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tian Tang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Zarean P, Özcan M, Molaie M, Mortaheb A, Al-Haj Husain N, Molaeinasab H, Zare Jahromi M, Zarean P. Comparative Evaluation of Apically Extruded Debris During Root Canal Preparation Using Three Different File Systems Applied Under 2.5% Sodium Hypochlorite or 2% CHX Irrigation. Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2023; 31:391-397. [PMID: 37265244 DOI: 10.1922/ejprd_2499zareana07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The chemomechanical cleaning of the root canal system is performed using manual and rotary files. This study aimed to compare the effect of ProTaper, Reciproc and HyFlex rotary files considering 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) as irrigating solutions on apical extrusion of intracanal debris. Single-canal mandibular premolars (N=165) were evaluated. The teeth were divided into 6 experimental groups (N=25) for root canal instrumentation using 3 file systems, (Reciproc, HyFlex and ProTaper) and two irrigation solutions, namely 2.5% sodium hypochlorite or 2% CHX. Fifteen teeth were also assigned into three control groups (n=5) with saline as irrigation solution. Eppendorf tubes were weighed and the teeth were placed inside. The canals were instrumented and the tubes weighed to determine the dry weight of extruded debris. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni test (α=0.05). The mean amount of extruded debris using the sodium hypochlorite solution was significantly higher than other irrigating solutions (p⟨0.001). The mean amount of extruded debris using the Reciproc file system was significantly higher compared to ProTaper and HyFlex (p⟨0.001). The use of the sodium hypochlorite solution, single-file systems and reciprocal movement are associated with higher debris extrusion and might be associated with higher risk of postoperative pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zarean
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Clinic for Reconstructive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Özcan
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Clinic for Reconstructive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Molaie
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - A Mortaheb
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - N Al-Haj Husain
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
| | - H Molaeinasab
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - M Zare Jahromi
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - P Zarean
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Clinic for Reconstructive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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20
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Karatas E, Hadis M, Palin WM, Milward MR, Kuehne SA, Camilleri J. Minimally invasive management of vital teeth requiring root canal therapy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20389. [PMID: 37990070 PMCID: PMC10663499 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47682-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the possible use of a non-instrumentation technique including blue light irradiation for root canal cleaning. Extracted human single rooted teeth were selected. Nine different groups included distilled water, NaOCl, intra-canal heated NaOCl, and NaOCl + EDTA irrigation after either instrumentation or non-instrumentation, and a laser application group following non-instrumentation technique. The chemical assessment of the root canal dentine was evaluated using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Surface microstructural analyses were performed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antimicrobial efficacy of different preparation techniques was evaluated using microbial tests. Light application didn't change the calcium/phosphorus, carbonate/phosphate and amide I/phosphate ratios of the root canal dentin. The root canal dentin preserved its original chemistry and microstructure after light application. The instrumentation decreased the carbonate/phosphate and amide I/phosphate ratios of the root canal dentin regardless of the irrigation solution or technique (p < 0.05). The application of light could not provide antibacterial efficacy to match the NaOCl irrigation. The NaOCl irrigation both in the non-instrumentation and instrumentation groups significantly reduced the number of bacteria (p < 0.05). The use of minimally invasive root canal preparation techniques where the root canal is not instrumented and is disinfected by light followed by obturation with a hydraulic cement sealer reduced the microbial load and preserved the dentin thus may be an attractive treatment option for management of vital teeth needing root canal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Karatas
- Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, 5, Mill Pool Way Edgbaston, Birmingham, B5 7EG, UK
| | - M Hadis
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, 5, Mill Pool Way Edgbaston, Birmingham, B5 7EG, UK
| | - W M Palin
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, 5, Mill Pool Way Edgbaston, Birmingham, B5 7EG, UK
| | - M R Milward
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, 5, Mill Pool Way Edgbaston, Birmingham, B5 7EG, UK
| | - S A Kuehne
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, 5, Mill Pool Way Edgbaston, Birmingham, B5 7EG, UK
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - J Camilleri
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, 5, Mill Pool Way Edgbaston, Birmingham, B5 7EG, UK.
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21
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Hernandez M. Comment reconnaître et distinguer les anomalies de structure dentaire ? Orthod Fr 2023; 94:439-451. [PMID: 37930342 DOI: 10.1684/orthodfr.2023.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The precise diagnosis of dental structural anomalies is an essential step preceding our restorative and orthodontic therapies. Indeed, first of all, it is necessary to identify the type of structural anomaly and to determine if it is an isolated or a syndromic form: the dental anomaly could be included in a more complex clinical picture combining other clinical signs. Moreover, the establishment of the diagnosis will allow the practitioner to adapt his clinical protocol according to the observed dental structure anomaly. The choice of the bonding material, the type of preparation (no prep, prep less, complete eviction), and the application of a deproteinization protocol with sodium hypochlorite depend to the structural defect. Material and Method The diagnosis of dental structural anomalies is based on several key points described in this article in order to facilitate the practitioner's diagnostic approach. Conclusion The diagnosis of amelogenesis or dentinogenesis imperfecta should justify the search for other signs to determine whether the anomaly of tooth structure is isolated or syndromic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Hernandez
- Service d’Odontologie Pédiatrique et CCMR O-Rares, CHRU Brabois, rue du Morvan, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- Faculté d’Odontologie, Département d’Odontologie Pédiatrique, Université de Lorraine, 7 avenue de la forêt de Haye, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Shaffer M, Fischer RJ, Gallogly S, Ginn O, Munster V, Bibby K. Environmental Persistence and Disinfection of Lassa Virus. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:2285-2291. [PMID: 37877545 PMCID: PMC10617325 DOI: 10.3201/eid2911.230678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lassa fever, caused by Lassa virus (LASV), is endemic to West Africa, where ≈300,000 illnesses and ≈5,000 deaths occur annually. LASV is primarily spread by infected multimammate rats via urine and fomites, highlighting the need to understand the environmental fate of LASV. We evaluated persistence of LASV Josiah and Sauerwald strains on surfaces, in aqueous solutions, and with sodium hypochlorite disinfection. Tested strains were more stable in deionized water (first-order rate constant [k] for Josiah, 0.23 days; for Sauerwald, k = 0.34 days) than primary influent wastewater (Josiah, k = 1.3 days; Sauerwald, k = 1.9 days). Both strains had similar decay rates on high-density polyethylene (Josiah, k = 4.3 days; Sauerwald, k = 2.3 days) and stainless steel (Josiah, k = 5.3 days; Sauerwald, k = 2.7 days). Sodium hypochlorite was highly effective at inactivating both strains. Our findings can inform future risk assessment and management efforts for Lassa fever.
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Kovalski E, Salazar L, Levin D, Kamine TH. A 3D-Printed Portable Sterilizer to Be Used During Surgical Procedures in Spaceflight. Aerosp Med Hum Perform 2023; 94:857-860. [PMID: 37853595 DOI: 10.3357/amhp.6294.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: During spaceflight, it is important to consider the mechanisms by which surgeries and medical procedures can be safely and efficiently conducted. Instruments used to carry out these processes need to be sterilized. Thus, we have designed and tested a three-dimensional-printed (3D-printed) portable sterilizer that implements far ultraviolet-C (Far UV-C) light radiation to disinfect bacteria and microorganisms from surgical instruments.METHODS: The sterilizer was 3D-printed with polylactic acid filament. Effectiveness was assessed through three trials at differing times of sterilization and compared against a control group of no sterilization and against Clorox wipes. Cultures were incubated on agar dishes and counted with ImageJ.RESULTS: Increasing time under Far UV-C light radiation increased the percentage of sterilization up to 100% at 10 min. The 3D-printed sterilizer was significantly better than Clorox wipes and control.DISCUSSION: As sterilization will be necessary for surgical procedures in microgravity and upmass is a significant concern, we have successfully demonstrated a 3D-printable portable sterilizer for surgical instruments that achieves 100% success in using Far UV-C light to disinfect its surface of bacteria with a 10-min sterilizing time. Further research is necessary to test this design in microgravity and with differently sized and shaped instruments.Kovalski E, Salazar L, Levin D, Kamine TH. A 3D-printed portable sterilizer to be used during surgical procedures in spaceflight. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2023; 94(11):857-860.
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Dos Reis-Prado AH, Abreu LG, de Arantes LC, Dos Santos de Paula K, de Castro Oliveira S, Goto J, Viana ACD, Benetti F. Influence of sodium hypochlorite on cyclic fatigue resistance of nickel-titanium instruments: A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:6291-6319. [PMID: 37704917 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05243-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review/meta-analysis investigated the influence of NaOCl on cyclic fatigue resistance of endodontic NiTi instruments. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic search until July 2022 in PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, Cochrane Library, and grey literature was conducted. According to the PECOS strategy, only in vitro studies evaluating the effects of NaOCl on the cyclic fatigue resistance of NiTi instruments were eligible. Cyclic fatigue resistance was the primary outcome. A modified Joanna Briggs Institute's Checklist was used for risk of bias assessment. RESULTS Of the 2,445 records screened, 37 studies were included. Most studies used simulated canals made of stainless-steel block with severe to moderate curvatures. NaOCl concentration varied from 1-6%, mainly at 37 °C. Regarding fatigue resistance, 23 studies using 1.2% to 6% NaOCl showed a reduction in the resistance compared to the control groups, especially when pre-heated. Four meta-analyses were performed according to the tested NiTi systems. The meta-analyses indicated that the PTU F2 files had higher reduction of fatigue resistance after exposure to 5.25% NaOCl; no differences between NaOCl and no immersion were observed for Reciproc R25, WaveOne 25.08, and WaveOne Gold Primary files. Included studies had low risk of bias. CONCLUSION NaOCl appears to reduce cyclic fatigue resistance of certain NiTi files, especially when they are pre-heated, particularly in conventional NiTi files compared to some heat-treated instruments. It is possible that the temperature of the solution may have a greater influence on resistance than NaOCl itself. Important to note that an overall tendency toward no significant influence was observed among various systems. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Precautions are necessary when a pre-heated high-concentration NaOCl is used to enhance its properties during root canal preparation, mainly using conventional wire.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucas Guimarães Abreu
- Department of Child's and Adolescent's Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lara Cancella de Arantes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Kiani Dos Santos de Paula
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Sabrina de Castro Oliveira
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Juliana Goto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Cecília Diniz Viana
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Francine Benetti
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Mokhtari H, Milani AS, Zand V, Shakuie S, Nazari L. The effect of different concentrations and temperatures of sodium hypochlorite irrigation on pain intensity following endodontic treatment of mandibular molars with irreversible pulpitis: A randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Clin Exp Dent Res 2023; 9:859-867. [PMID: 37345724 PMCID: PMC10582240 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the severity of pain after endodontic treatment of mandibular molars with irreversible pulpitis following the use of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) at different temperatures and concentrations. METHODS In this randomized, controlled clinical trial, 72 patients with mandibular molars with irreversible pulpitis were randomly assigned to six groups. The teeth were anesthetized and the root canals were prepared. During the instrumentation, the root canals were irrigated with NaOCl solution at concentrations of 0.5% and 1% and temperatures of 2.5°C, 22°C, and 40°C, 2.5°C were achieved through cryotherapy. Assessment of pain was conducted before, immediately after, and 3, 24, 48, and 72 h after treatment. After obturation, the patients recorded their pain intensity at different time intervals on the visual analog scale (VAS) and reported the number of analgesics tablets they used. The frequency of analgesics tablets and their effect on pain sensation was recorded in the second part of the form. Repeated measures two-way analysis of variance test was used to compare the trend of pain changes over time between two intervals of time in each group. Friedman's nonparametric test was used to compare the intragroup mean score of pain over time and Kruskal-Wallis for comparing the intergroup mean score. RESULTS Changes in VAS pain scores of all the groups were significant over time (p < .001). Pain in all the groups decreased immediately after treatment and increased 3 h after treatment. There were no significant differences in pain ratings and the number of analgesics tablets used in the groups of NaOCl with different concentrations and temperatures over time. CONCLUSIONS Within the study's limitations, we concluded that there was no significant difference between concentrations of 0.5%, and 1% and temperatures of 2.5°C, 22°C, and 40°C in pain intensity following endodontic treatment of mandibular molars with irreversible pulpitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Mokhtari
- Department of Endodontic, Faculty of DentistryTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Amin Salem Milani
- Department of Endodontic, Faculty of DentistryTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Vahid Zand
- Department of Endodontic, Faculty of DentistryTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Sahar Shakuie
- Department of Endodontic, Faculty of DentistryTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Leila Nazari
- Department of Endodontic, Faculty of DentistryTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
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Wen C, Zuo W, Luo W, He F. Effectiveness of three auxiliary irrigation methods for cleaning the internal walls of root canals of curved isolated teeth. Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2023; 41:554-562. [PMID: 37805679 PMCID: PMC10580228 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2023.2023062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of ultrasound and acoustic and laser cleaning of curved root canals. METHODS A total of 92 molars with independent root canals with a curvature of 20°-40° were prepared and standardized at 04 25# and stained with gentian violet solution for 72 h. Among them, 52 were randomly divi-ded into four groups for final rinsing (n=13): NI group, PUI group, EDDY group, and PIPS group. Ten samples in each group were cut horizontally along the long axis perpendicular to the root and divided into curved upper, curved, and apical segments. Images were taken with a stereomicroscope and Image J measurements were taken to calculate the depth of rinse penetration. The remaining three samples from each group were split along the long axis of the dentin, photographed by scanning electron microscope to record the dentin tubule exposure and staining layer, and scored for staining layer by double-blind method. SPSS 26.0 software was used to perform statistical analysis and select the best flushing method. An extra 40 samples were randomly divided into four groups for detection of flushing fluid penetration depth (n=10): 10, 20, 30, and 40 s. RESULTS In the upper part, the mean depth of infiltration was not significantly different between the experimental and control groups (P>0.05). The PIPS group had a significantly lower smear layer score than the control group and the EDDY group (P<0.01). In the curved segment, the mean depth of infiltration was significantly greater in the PUI group than in the control group (P<0.05); the tarnish layer score was lower in each experimental group than in the control group. At the top, the mean depth of infiltration was greater in the PUI and PIPS groups than in the control group (P<0.05), and the smear layer score was lower in the PIPS group than in the other groups (P<0.05). After the time was changed, the depth of infiltration of PUI increased only in the apical segment as the flushing time increased. CONCLUSIONS The PUI and PIPS methods facilitate the penetration of irrigation solution into the dentin canal in curved root canals, especially in the apical segment. The PIPS technique is effective in removing the smear layer in curved root canals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoying Wen
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Dept. of Stomatology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Wenxin Zuo
- Dept. of Stomatology, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - Wen Luo
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Dept. of Stomatology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Fei He
- Dept. of Stomatology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China
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de Moraes Cruz V, Duarte MAH, Kato AS, Alcalde MP, Coelho LAS, Tanomaru-Filho M, Gavini G, Vivan RR. Impact of the final agitation system in the irrigant diffusion inside the root canal: A micro-CT analysis. AUST ENDOD J 2023; 49 Suppl 1:315-322. [PMID: 36658667 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated, through micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), the volume of irrigant diffusion by different techniques of final agitation. Sixty mesiobuccal canals were scanned in a micro-CT and standardised according to the volume. They were instrumented with the MTwo 40/04 system and using the Terebrix 35 contrast solution as irrigant, were divided into six groups (n = 10): Conventional irrigation with syringe and needle (CI), EndoActivator (EA), EasyClean (EC), RinsEndo (RE), Utrasonic agitation (UI) and XP-Clean (XP). A second micro-CT scan was performed and the total irrigant volume and in the final 3 mm apical were determined. The data were analysed using the Anova, Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (p < 0.05). UI and XP showed a higher percentage of total diffusion than CI, EA and RS groups (p < 0.05). In apical diffusion, there was no significant difference between groups (p > 0.05). The final agitation system increases the diffusion of irrigating agents inside the root canal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor de Moraes Cruz
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio Húngaro Duarte
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Augusto Shoji Kato
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Murilo Priori Alcalde
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Letycia Accioly Simões Coelho
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Mario Tanomaru-Filho
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Giulio Gavini
- School of Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Ricci Vivan
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
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Tyagi G, Kumar P, Kumari A, Shakarwal P, Singh A, Kusum P. Comparing the EdgeFile X3, GenEndo, HeroGold, and ProTaper Gold Rotary Instruments Regarding the Effect of Different Concentrations and Temperature of NaOCl on Cyclic Fatigue Resistance. J Contemp Dent Pract 2023; 24:715-721. [PMID: 38152947 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM This research was carried out with the objective of comparison between GenEndo, Protaper Gold, Hero Gold and EdgeFile X3 regarding the effect of different concentrations of NaOCl. MATERIALS AND METHODS About 720 study specimens were included in the study. They were divided into four groups. Each group consisted of 180 files. Group A: GenEndo, Group B: Protaper Gold, Group C: Hero Gold, Group D: EdgeFile X3. Each group of instruments were further subdivided into nine subgroups (n = 20 for each subgroup). Testing of the cyclic fatigue was carried out in artificial canals which were prepared inside the blocks of stainless steel. The stainless steel blocks with artificial canals were established in a receiver that was packed with experimental solutions like distilled water, 5.25% NaOCl and 2.5% NaOCl. The adjustment of temperature was done at 25, 37, and 60°C. The rotation of the instrument was carried out inside the artificial canal as per the instructions of the manufacturer. The instrument was rotated until it got fractured. The time taken by the instrument to fracture was recorded in seconds. The number of cycles to fracture (NCF) was analyzed with the help of the equation (NCF = time to fracture × rpm/60). Surfaces at the site of fracture were examined with the help of a scanning electron microscope (EVOLS10, ZEISS) at magnification (300x and 2000x). RESULTS It was noticed that there was a statistically significant increase in cyclic fatigue when sodium chloride was used as an endodontic irrigant instead of distilled water. The increase in cyclic fatigue was also observed when 5.25% sodium chloride was used instead of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite. Cyclic fatigue increased on change in temperature from 25 to 37°C and from 37 to 60°C. The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). It was observed that resistance against cyclic fatigue on treatment with different irrigation solutions at different temperatures was in the order of GenEndo > Protaper Gold > Hero Gold > EdgeFile X3. CONCLUSION The resistance against cyclic fatigue in new NiTi rotary files can be affected significantly by different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite irrigant solution and the GenEndo rotary endodontic instrument has the maximum resistance against cyclic fatigue. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Irrigation of the root canal with irrigants, such as sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) has been recommended strongly. NaOCl is used in the range of 0.5 and 6.5% concentration owing to its antimicrobial activity and tissue dissolution activities, particularly at higher temperatures. It has been postulated that fatigue of rotary endodontic instruments can be influenced by adjoining medium and their concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Tyagi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kothiwal Dental College & Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prakash Kumar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Mithila Minority Dental College and Hospital, Darbhanga, Bihar, Phone: +91 6205229036, e-mail:
| | - Annu Kumari
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Mithila Minority Dental College and Hospital, Darbhanga, Bihar, India
| | - Parul Shakarwal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sardar Patel Post Graduate Institute of Dental and Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aditya Singh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sardar Patel Post Graduate Institute of Dental and Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pallavi Kusum
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Buddha Institute of Dental Sciences & and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India
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Hepsenoglu YE, Ersahan S. Is XP-endo Finisher a better treatment option for its efficacy against intracanal bacteria for post-treatment apical periodontitis cases than EndoActivator? AUST ENDOD J 2023; 49 Suppl 1:399-412. [PMID: 37026533 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the efficacy of the supplementary use of a rotary agitation method [XP-endo Finisher (XPF)] and sonically-activated irrigation [EndoActivator (EA)], using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) on reducing the bacterial load in previously root canal treated teeth with apical periodontitis. Twenty patients with post-treatment apical periodontitis were allocated into two groups according to the irrigation activation method used: XPF and EA group. Total bacterial loads, as well as the amount of Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) were determined before (S1) and after (S2) chemomechanical preparation, and after final irrigation activation (S3) by means of ddPCR. The bacterial copy numbers were compared between groups using the Friedman test (Nonparametric Repeated Measures ANOVA). When the groups were examined in terms of gender, age, number of root canals, periapical index score, sterility control total bacteria (SCTB), S1- and S2-total bacteria copy number, it was found that there was no statistical difference between the XPF group and the EA group (p > 0.05). Subsequent activation (S3) resulted in a significant microbial reduction in both XPF and EA groups, both of which reduced significantly more bacteria than chemomechanical instrumentation (S2) (p < 0.0001). On the contrary, S3-total bacteria copy number of the EA group was lower than the XPF group (p < 0.0147). There was no statistical difference between the XPF group and the EA group in terms of E. faecalis copy number (p > 0.05). Although both the XPF and the EA optimised the antibacterial efficiency of chemomechanical preparation in previously root canal-treated teeth with apical periodontitis, a lower total bacterial copy number was achieved with the EA application than the XPF application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelda Erdem Hepsenoglu
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seyda Ersahan
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Vinothkumar M, Karthikeyan BS, Janani K, Mahalaxmi S. Glycolic acid - A promising root canal chelator. AUST ENDOD J 2023; 49 Suppl 1:540-541. [PMID: 37178012 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muralikrishnan Vinothkumar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | | | - Krishnamachari Janani
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Sekar Mahalaxmi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
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Souza MA. Response to, "Glycolic acid - A promising root canal chelator". AUST ENDOD J 2023; 49 Suppl 1:542-543. [PMID: 37178010 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
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Kishimoto A, Ohtsubo R, Okada Y, Sugiyama K, Goda H, Yoshikawa T, Kohno M, Fukui K. Elucidation of composition of chlorine compounds in acidic sodium chlorite solution using ion chromatography. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289534. [PMID: 37561805 PMCID: PMC10414608 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
With the spread of coronavirus infections, the demand for disinfectants, such as a sodium chlorite solution, has increased worldwide. Sodium chlorite solution is a food additive and is used in a wide range of applications. There is evidence that chlorous acid or sodium chlorite is effective against various bacteria, but the actual mechanism is not well understood. One reason for this is that the composition of chlorine-based compounds contained in sodium chlorite solutions has not been clearly elucidated. The composition can vary greatly with pH. In addition, the conventional iodometric titration method, the N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine sulfate (DPD) method and the absorption photometric method cannot clarify the composition. In this study, we attempted to elucidate the composition of a sodium chlorite solution using absorption spectrophotometry and ion chromatography (IC). IC is excellent for qualitative and quantitative analysis of trace ions. Through this, we aimed to develop an evaluation method that allows anyone to easily determine the bactericidal power of sodium chlorite. We found that commercially available sodium chlorite solution is 80% pure, with the remaining 20% potentially containing sodium hypochlorite solution. In addition, when sodium chlorite solution became acidified, its absorption spectrum exhibited a peak at 365 nm. Sodium chlorite solution is normally alkaline, and it cannot be measured by the DPD method, which is only applicable under acidic conditions. The presence of a peak at 365 nm indicates that the acidic sodium chlorite solution contains species with oxidizing power. On the other hand, the IC analysis showed a gradual decrease in chlorite ions in the acidic sodium chlorite solution. These results indicate that chlorite ions may not react with this DPD reagent, and other oxidizing species may be present in the acidic sodium chlorite solution. In summary, when a sodium chlorite solution becomes acidic, chlorine-based oxidizing species produce an absorption peak at 365 nm. Sodium hypochlorite and sodium chlorite solutions have completely different IC peak profiles. Although there are still many problems to be solved, we believe that the use of IC will facilitate the elucidation of the composition of sodium chlorite solution and its sterilization mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayuta Kishimoto
- Department of Bioscience and Engineering, Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, College of System Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Ohtsubo
- Department of Systems Engineering and Science, Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuta Okada
- Department of Bioscience and Engineering, Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, College of System Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kenta Sugiyama
- Department of Bioscience and Engineering, Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, College of System Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Toshikazu Yoshikawa
- Louis Pasteur Center for Medical Research, Tanaka Monzen-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kohno
- Department of Bioscience and Engineering, Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, College of System Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama, Japan
- Louis Pasteur Center for Medical Research, Tanaka Monzen-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koji Fukui
- Department of Bioscience and Engineering, Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, College of System Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Systems Engineering and Science, Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama, Japan
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Uğur Aydın Z, Erdönmez D, Ateş MO, Doğan Çankaya T. Efficacy of different irrigation activation systems on bacterial extrusion. AUST ENDOD J 2023; 49:458. [PMID: 35861450 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeliha Uğur Aydın
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gulhane Faculty of Dentistry, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Demet Erdönmez
- Department of Biology, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Melis Oya Ateş
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Tülin Doğan Çankaya
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey
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Gomes BPFA, Aveiro E, Kishen A. Irrigants and irrigation activation systems in Endodontics. Braz Dent J 2023; 34:1-33. [PMID: 37909632 PMCID: PMC10642269 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202305577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Root canal infections are typically polymicrobial and involve strong bacterial interactions. The goal of endodontic treatment is to remove infected content from the root canal system to allow the healing of a pre-existing periapical lesion or to prevent infection of the periradicular tissues. Instrumentation alone is not capable of touching all of the root canal walls. Therefore, the irrigation process is an essential step in the endodontic treatment. However, due to the complex anatomy of the root canal system, this cleaning is very challenging. Although syringe and needle irrigation associated with the use of chemical substances is still the most used method, it does not guarantee optimal cleaning of the root canals. As a result, not only alternative irrigating substances but also numerous activation systems - which are technologies that aim to optimize the action of irrigating substances, both chemically and physically - have been developed. This work aimed to review the characteristics of both classic and current alternatives of irrigating substances and irrigation activation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda P. F. A. Gomes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics,
Piracicaba Dental School - State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Brazil
| | - Emelly Aveiro
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics,
Piracicaba Dental School - State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Brazil
| | - Anil Kishen
- Department of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Canada
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Heggendorn FL, do Nascimento MB, Lima AM, Ribeiro AA. Demineralized dentin matrix technique - a comparison of different demineralizing solutions. Braz Dent J 2023; 34:72-84. [PMID: 37909644 PMCID: PMC10642266 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202305353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the microstructure formed after the chemical treatment of teeth, for the development of autogenous grafts from the demineralized dentin matrix (DDM) technique, in order to identify the most efficient demineralizing solution. The specimens, originating from the root and coronal portion, were submitted to ultrasonic cleaning and drying in an oven for 1h at 100 ºC. Then, the density was determined by Archimedes' principle for each specimen, using distilled water as immersion liquid. The samples were separated into five groups: Control group: negative control, Distilled water;EDTA group: positive control, trisodium EDTA; NaOCl group: 2.5% sodium hypochlorite; HCl-0.6M group: 0.6M hydrochloric acid; and H2O2/H2SO4 group: hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid. Each specimen was immersed for 1h in the corresponding group descaling solution at 60 ºC. Subsequently, the mass loss and density of the treated specimens were determined by Archimedes' principle. Ultimately, the specimens of each group were characterized by microtomography, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Energy Dispersive Spectrometry X-ray (SEM-EDS). The results demonstrated that the H2O2/H2SO4 solution allowed the formation of interconnected micropores, suggesting better pore structures for application in scaffolds, when compared to the other studied solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano Luiz Heggendorn
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry (PPGO) at UNIGRANRIO, Street
Prof. José de Souza Herdy, 1,160, block C, 2nd floor - 25th of August - Duque de
Caxias - Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Zip code 25071-202
| | - Márcio Batista do Nascimento
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry (PPGO) at UNIGRANRIO, Street
Prof. José de Souza Herdy, 1,160, block C, 2nd floor - 25th of August - Duque de
Caxias - Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Zip code 25071-202
| | - Andreza Menezes Lima
- Laboratory of Powder Technology, Division of Materials, National
Institute of Technology, N° 82 Venezuela Avenue, Room 602, Zip code 20081-312, Rio
de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Antunes Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Powder Technology, Division of Materials, National
Institute of Technology, N° 82 Venezuela Avenue, Room 602, Zip code 20081-312, Rio
de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Kelley SR, McCall AS, Qian ET, Ely EW. Intrapleural Dakin's Solution for Refractory Empyema in a Critically Ill Patient. J Bronchology Interv Pulmonol 2023; 30:296-298. [PMID: 35969007 DOI: 10.1097/lbr.0000000000000886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soibhan R Kelley
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care
| | - Abraham Scott McCall
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care
| | - Edward T Qian
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care
| | - Eugene Wesley Ely
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care
- Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center
- Tennessee Valley Veteran's Affairs Geriatric Research Education Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville, TN
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Bolhari B, Meraji N, Seddighi R, Ebrahimi N, Chiniforush N. Effect of SWEEPS and PIPS techniques on dye extrusion in photodynamic therapy procedure after root canal preparation. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 42:103345. [PMID: 36804946 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study is to measure and compare the amount of apical extrusion of the methylene blue as photosensitizer using Laser-activated irrigation(LAI) techniques (SWEEPS, PIPS) and photodynamic therapy (PDT). MATERIALS AND METHODS 40 single-rooted premolar teeth were selected and their root canals were cleaned and prepared. The photosensitizer, Methylene blue (MB), was used as dye which applied inside the root canals and the access cavities. Then the teeth were randomly allocated to 4 groups. Different techniques (SWEEPS, PIPS, PDT) were used in 3 groups. One group received no activation. Data related to the concentration of the extruded methylene blue was measured using ultraviolet and visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectroscopy. Absorption peak intensity of MB in the wavelength of 668 nm was considered as the concentration index according to Beer Lambert law. Taking into account the normal distribution of this data, one-way ANOVA analysis was used to evaluate the effects of the independent variables on the amount of apical extrusion of the irrigant. RESULTS Based on the results of ANOVA analysis, there was no significant difference between the amounts of apical extrusion of MB between different groups (p = 0.628) CONCLUSION: Using SWEEPS and PIPS techniques, despite diffusion of the photosensitizer, didn't lead to any difference in the amount of apical extrusion. Therefore, these LAI techniques can be used safely for root canal irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Bolhari
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naghmeh Meraji
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rahim Seddighi
- School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Ebrahimi
- School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Chiniforush
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Park EH, Park R, Seo J, Kim W, Kim HY, Shon WJ. Efficacy of a novel remotely-generated ultrasonic root canal irrigation system for removing biofilm-mimicking hydrogel from a simulated isthmus model. Int Endod J 2023; 56:765-774. [PMID: 36825362 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the efficacy of a novel ultrasonic irrigation device, remotely-generated irrigation with a non-invasive sound field enhancement (RINSE) system, in removing biofilm-mimicking hydrogel from a simulated isthmus model and compare it with sonically- and ultrasonically-activated irrigation systems. METHODOLOGY A polycarbonate root canal model containing two standardized root canals (apical diameter of 0.20 mm, 4% taper, 18 mm long with a coronal reservoir) connected by three isthmuses (0.40 mm deep, 2 mm high, 4 mm long) was used as the test model. The isthmuses were filled with a hydroxyapatite powder-containing hydrogel. The canals were filled with irrigant, and the models were randomly assigned to the following activation groups (n = 15): EndoActivator (EA), ultrasonically activated irrigation (UAI), and RINSE system (RS). Syringe irrigation (SI) with a 30G needle served as the control. Standardized images of the isthmuses were taken before and after irrigation, and the amount of hydrogel removed was determined using image analysis software and compared across groups using anova (p < .05). RESULTS Hydrogel removal was significantly higher with the RS (83.7%) than with UAI, EA, or SI (p ≤ .01). UAI (69.2%) removed significantly more hydrogel than SI and EA (p < .05), while there was no significant difference between SI (24.3%) and EA (25.7%) (p = .978). CONCLUSIONS RINSE system resulted in the most hydrogel removal, performing better than UAI or EA. The effect of RS was also not reliant on the insert or tip entering the pulp chamber or root canal, making it particularly useful in conservative endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hyun Park
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ryeol Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaedeok Seo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wonjung Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ho-Young Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won-Jun Shon
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Liu J, Xia L, Xu Z, Wu W, Gao X, Lin L. Applying lysozyme, alkaline protease, and sodium hypochlorite to reduce bioclogging during managed aquifer recharge: A laboratory study. J Environ Manage 2023; 332:117371. [PMID: 36739770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Alleviating bacterial-induced clogging is of great importance to improve the efficiency of managed aquifer recharge (MAR). Enzymes (lysozyme and alkaline protease) and sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) are common biological and chemical reagents for inhibiting bacterial growth and activity. To investigate the applicability of these reagents to reduce bioclogging, percolation experiments were performed to simulate a weak alkaline recharge water infiltration through laboratory-scale sand columns, with adding 10 mg/L lysozyme, alkaline protease, and NaClO, respectively. The results showed that, with the addition of lysozyme, alkaline protease, and NaClO, the average clogging rates (the reduced percentages of relative saturated hydraulic conductivity of the sand columns per hour during the percolation experiments) were 0.53%/h, 0.32%/h and 0.06%/h, respectively, which were much lower than that in the control group (0.99%/h). This implied that bioclogging could be alleviated to some extent following the treatments. For further analyzing the mechanisms of the regents on alleviating bioclogging, the bacterial cell amount and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) concentration were also measured to study the effects of lysozyme, alkaline protease, and NaClO on bacterial growth and EPS secretion. Lysozyme and alkaline protease could disintegrate bacterial EPS by hydrolyzing polysaccharides and proteins, respectively, while they had little effect on the bacterial cell amount. The addition of NaClO significantly decreased the bacterial cell amount (P < 0.05) and thus greatly alleviated bioclogging. Although the lowest average clogging rate was achieved in the NaClO group, it can generate disinfection by-products that are potentially harmful to the environment and human health. Therefore, the biological-based method, i.e., enzyme treatment, could be a promising option for bioclogging control. Our results provide insights for understanding the mechanisms of lysozyme, alkaline protease, and NaClO to alleviate bioclogging, which is of great importance for addressing the clogging problem during MAR activities and achieving groundwater resources sustainable utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Liu
- College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Lu Xia
- College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China.
| | - Zilin Xu
- College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Wenli Wu
- College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Xiaobing Gao
- College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Lei Lin
- College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
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Jose J, Thamilselvan A, Teja KV, Rossi-Fedele G. Influence of access cavity design, sodium hypochlorite formulation and XP-endo Shaper usage on apical debris extrusion - A laboratory investigation. AUST ENDOD J 2023; 49:6-12. [PMID: 35679461 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the amount of apically extruded debris during root canal preparation using XP-endo shaper and the supplemental use of XP-endo finisher comparing the use of traditional endodontic access or conservative endodontic access cavities and liquid or gel-based formulations of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite or distilled water as supplemental agents. Maxillary first premolar teeth (N = 148) were randomly divided based on their access cavity design and sub-grouped according to the supplemental agent used. The amount of extruded debris was analysed based on the dry weight of the debris collected using a previously established laboratory methodology. Debris extrusion occurred in all groups. Overall, the traditional endodontic access cavity design was associated with more debris extrusion compared to the conservative type. The use of sodium hypochlorite solution showed higher debris extrusion than the gel, whilst distilled water had intermediate values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Jose
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aishuwariya Thamilselvan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kavalipurapu Venkata Teja
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Chu X, Feng S, Zhou W, Xu S, Zeng X. Cleaning efficacy of EDDY versus ultrasonically-activated irrigation in root canals: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:155. [PMID: 36932445 PMCID: PMC10024384 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02875-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultrasonically-activated irrigation (UAI) is effective in root canal irrigation but may damage canal walls. EDDY is a sonic activation system with flexible working tips that cause no harm to dentinal walls. This review explores the intracanal cleaning efficacy of EDDY compared with UAI in vitro. METHODS The systematic review was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42021235826). A literature search was conducted in six electronic databases. In vitro studies that compared the removal of smear layer, debris, soft tissue or microbes in root canals between EDDY and UAI were included. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed. Meta-analyses were conducted on smear layer removal and debris elimination with the standardized mean difference (SMD). Heterogeneity was measured using the I2 test and the Chi2 test. The random-effect model was used when I2 > 50%, or p < 0.1, otherwise the fixed-effect model was applied. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS 19 articles were included in this systematic review and 7 articles were included in meta-analyses. Meta-analyses on smear layer removal showed unimportant differences between EDDY and UAI at any canal third (coronal [SMD = 0.08, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): -0.29 to 0.45; p = 0.44, I2 = 0%]; middle [SMD = 0.02, 95% CI: -0.44 to 0.47; p = 0.94, I2 = 0%]; apical [SMD = 0.01, 95%CI: -0.35 to 0.38; p = 0.70, I2 = 0%]). Meta-analyses on debris removal evaluated by scanning electron microscope (coronal [SMD = 0.03, 95% CI: -0.41 to 0.46; p = 0.27, I2 = 23%]; middle [SMD = -0.24, 95% CI: -0.83 to 0.35; p = 0.80, I2 = 0%]; apical [SMD = 0.24, 95%CI: -0.20 to 0.67; p = 0.36, I2 = 2%]) and micro-CT (SMD = 0.36, 95% CI: -0.67 to 1.40; p = 0.03, I2 = 70%) both found insignificant differences. No meta-analysis was undertaken on soft-tissue removal and disinfection due to the various study designs, but the qualitative analyses implied that EDDY achieved similar performance to UAI in both aspects. CONCLUSIONS Limited evidence indicated that EDDY was comparable to UAI in removing smear layer, debris, soft tissue and microbes ex vivo. Considering UAI may damage canal walls, EDDY might be a substitute for UAI in irrigation activation. But more randomized clinical trials are required to explore the clinical extrapolation of the results in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Chu
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, No 366 Jiangnan Avenue South, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuting Feng
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, No 366 Jiangnan Avenue South, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiqing Zhou
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, No 366 Jiangnan Avenue South, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuaimei Xu
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, No 366 Jiangnan Avenue South, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiongqun Zeng
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, No 366 Jiangnan Avenue South, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China.
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Montaser OK, Fayyad DM, Abdelsalam N. Efficacy of different irrigant activation techniques for cleaning root canal anastomosis. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:142. [PMID: 36906530 PMCID: PMC10007824 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02835-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study compared in vitro the anastomosis cleaning efficacy of different irrigant activation techniques at different levels; control group non-activation (NA), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) using Irrisafe, and EDDY sonic activation. METHODS Sixty anastomosis-containing mesial roots of mandibular molars were mounted in resin, sectioned at 2, 4, and 6 mm from the apex. Then reassembled and instrumented in a copper cube. For the irrigation technique roots were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 20): group 1: NA, group 2: Irrisafe, group 3: EDDY. Stereomicroscopic images of anastomoses were taken after instrumentation and after irrigant activation. ImageJ program was used to calculate the percentage of anastomosis cleanliness. The percentage of cleanliness was calculated before and after final irrigation within each group and were then compared using paired t-tests. Intergroup and intragroup analyses were performed to compare between different activation techniques at the same root canal level (2, 4 and 6 mm) (intergroup) and to evaluate if each technique had different cleanliness efficacy according to the root canal level (intragroup) using one-way analysis of variance and post hoc tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS All three irrigation techniques significantly improved anastomosis cleanliness (p < 0.001). Both activation techniques were significantly better than the control group at all levels. Intergroup comparison revealed that EDDY significantly achieved the best overall anastomosis cleanliness. The difference between EDDY and Irrisafe was significant in favor to EDDY at 2 mm and insignificant at 4 and 6 mm. The intragroup comparison showed that improvement in anastomosis cleanliness (i2-i1) in the needle irrigation without activation group (NA) was significantly higher in the apical 2 mm level compared to the 4 & 6 levels. While the difference in anastomosis cleanliness improvement (i2-i1) between levels in both Irrisafe and EDDY groups was insignificant. CONCLUSIONS Irrigant activation improves anastomosis cleanliness. EDDY was the most efficient in cleaning anastomoses located in the critical apical part of the root canal. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Cleaning and disinfection of the root canal system followed by apical and coronal sealing is the key for healing or prevention of apical periodontitis. Remnants of debris and microorganisms retained within the anastomoses (isthmuses), or other root canal irregularities may lead to persistent apical periodontitis. Proper irrigation and activation are essential for cleaning root canal anastomoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- O K Montaser
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - D M Fayyad
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - N Abdelsalam
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
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Navarrete N, Almansa JM, de la Macorra JC, Arias-Moliz MT, Arias A. Effect of the Controlled Delivery of Chelating Agents on the Pulp Tissue Dissolution Ability of Fresh Sodium Hypochlorite Solutions. J Endod 2023; 49:307-312. [PMID: 36574829 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to evaluate pulp tissue dissolution ability of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) when mixed with tetrasodic etidronate (Na4HEBP) and disodic ethylenediaminetetraacetate (Na2EDTA) under controlled flow. METHODS Bovine pulp tissue was extracted from the lower incisors of 10 bovine jaws. Pulp specimens were standardized in size (1 × 3 × 10 mm), blotted dry, and weighed (initial weight [T0]: mean (SD) = 31.98 (1.18) mg). Specimens from the same jaw were randomly assigned to 2 control (n = 3 each) and 4 experimental groups (n = 10 each): NC (negative control/distilled water), PC (positive control/6%NaOCl), G1 (3%NaOCl), G2 (3%NaOCl-17% Na2EDTA), G3 (3%NaOCl-18% Na4HEBP), and G4 (3%NaOCl-9% Na4HEBP). Distilled water and NaOCl were provided using a delivery pump under a continuous controlled rate (1 mL/min). A second pump alternately delivered either Na2EDTA or Na4HEBP at the same rate with a 30-second programmed interval. Percentage of tissue weight loss was calculated at 2, 5, and 10 minutes (T2, T5, and T10) and compared among groups with analysis of variance. Free available chlorine and pH were controlled at T0 and T10. RESULTS No tissue remained in PC at T5. No dissolution occurred in NC. There were no significant differences in the percentage of weight loss among experimental groups at any point of time. Some remnant tissue was found in G3 (1.4% ± 2.4) and G4 (1.6% ± 2.3) at T10, whereas nothing was left in G1 and G2. CONCLUSIONS The controlled delivery of Na2EDTA and Na4HEBP did not alter tissue dissolution ability of NaOCl when fresh solutions were mixed in the root canal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Navarrete
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences
| | - Juan M Almansa
- Department of Conservative and Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - José C de la Macorra
- Department of Conservative and Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ana Arias
- Department of Conservative and Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.
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Li Y, Wang JH, Wang EC, Tang ZS, Han Y, Luo XE, Zeng XA, Woo MW, Han Z. The microstructure and thermal properties of pulsed electric field pretreated oxidized starch. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 235:123721. [PMID: 36801303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The structure and thermal properties of pulsed electric field (PEF) assisted sodium hypochlorite oxidized starch were investigated. The carboxyl content of the oxidized starch was increased by 25 % when compared with the traditional oxidation method. Dents and cracks were evident on the surface of the PEF-pretreated starch. Compared with native starch, the peak gelatinization temperature (Tp) of PEF-assisted oxidized starch (POS) was reduced by 10.3 °C, while that of the oxidized starch without PEF treatment (NOS) was only reduced by 7.4 °C. In addition, PEF treatment further reduces the viscosity and improve the thermal stability of the starch slurry. Therefore, PEF treatment combined with hypochlorite oxidation is an effective method to prepare oxidized starch. PEF showed great potential in expanding starch modification, to promote a wider application of oxidized starch in the paper, the textile and the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Manufacturing, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Jin-Hua Wang
- Foshan Shunde Midea Washing Appliances MFG. Co., Ltd, Foshan 528300, China
| | - Er-Chun Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Zhong-Sheng Tang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Yangjiang 529500,China
| | - Yu Han
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Xiu-Er Luo
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Xin-An Zeng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Manufacturing, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; School of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China; Yangjiang Research Institute, South China University of Technology, Yangjiang 529500,China
| | - Meng-Wai Woo
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Zhong Han
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Manufacturing, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou 510641, China.
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Fernández-Gómez P, Oliveira M, Cobo-Díaz JF, González-Raurich M, Múgica-Vidal R, Alba-Elías F, Prieto M, Alvarez-Ordóñez A, López M. The background microbiota and sanitization agent drive the fate of Listeria monocytogenes in multispecies biofilms formed on a plasma-polymerized coating applied on stainless steel. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 386:110017. [PMID: 36435098 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.110017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluates the anti-biofilm activity of a coating applied with an atmospheric-pressure plasma jet system on AISI 316 stainless steel (SS) against multispecies biofilms containing Listeria monocytogenes (using background microbiota from three different meat industries) using culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches. Also, the disinfection effectiveness and biofilm evolution after sanitization with two food industry biocides were assessed. The anti-biofilm activity of the coating against L. monocytogenes, observed on mono-species biofilms (p < 0.05), was lost on the multispecies biofilms developed for 7 days at 12 °C (p > 0.05), with L. monocytogenes counts ranging from 5.5 ± 0.7 to 6.1 ± 0.5 CFU/cm2 on the uncoated SS and from 4.4 ± 0.2 to 6.4 ± 0.5 CFU/cm2 on the coated SS. The taxonomic composition of the formed biofilms was highly dependent on the industry but not affected by the artificial inoculation with L. monocytogenes and the nature of the surface (coated vs uncoated SS). When L. monocytogenes was artificially inoculated, its growth was partially controlled in the biofilms developed, with the magnitude of this effect being lower (p < 0.05 on coated SS) for the industry with the lowest taxonomy richness and diversity (3.8 ± 0.2 CFU/cm2), as compared the other two sampled industries (2.4 ± 0.4 and 1.6 ± 0.2 CFU/cm2). The 15-min disinfection treatments with either sodium hypochlorite or peracetic acid at 0.5 % resulted in total viable and L. monocytogenes counts below the limit of detection in most cases, immediately after treatment. The subsequent incubation of the sanitized plates for another 7 days at 12 °C in fresh BHI media led to the development of biofilms with lower bacterial richness and alpha diversity, and higher beta diversity. Even though sodium hypochlorite was in general slightly less effective than peracetic acid immediately after application, it caused a stronger growth control (p < 0.05) of the naturally present L. monocytogenes on the multispecies biofilms developed. This finding highlights the importance of understanding the interspecific competitive relationships between the members of the background microbiota and L. monocytogenes for the long-term control of this pathogen in food processing facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcia Oliveira
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - José F Cobo-Díaz
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | | | | | - Fernando Alba-Elías
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Miguel Prieto
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | | | - Mercedes López
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Universidad de León, León, Spain
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Teed C, Hussein H, Kishen A. Synchronized Microbubble Photodynamic Activation to Disinfect Minimally Prepared Root Canals. J Endod 2023; 49:198-204. [PMID: 36509168 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of a novel irrigation strategy using synchronized microbubble photodynamic activation (SYMPA) in a minimally prepared single canal. METHODS Single-canal mandibular incisors were inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis for 3 weeks and randomly allocated to 4 groups based on the irrigation protocols: (1) control (saline), (2) conventional needle irrigation (CI), (3) ultrasonic-assisted irrigation (UI), and (4) irrigation with SYMPA. The first 3 groups were instrumented to size 25.07v (WaveOne Gold Primary; Dentsply Sirona, Johnson City, TN), and the SYMPA group was minimally prepared to size 20.07v (WaveOne Gold Small, Dentsply Sirona). The apical 5 mm was resected for microbiological assessment using the culture technique (colony-forming unit), adenosine-5'-triphosphate-based viability assay (relative luminescence units), and the percentage of live bacteria using confocal laser scanning microscopy. RESULTS Log colony-forming units from the UI (2.37 ± 0.66) and SYMPA (2.21 ± 0.86) groups showed a reduction compared with the control (5.16 ± 0.75) and CI (4.08 ± 1.19) groups. Relative luminescence unit reduction was significant for UI (619.08 ± 352.78) and SYMPA (415.25 ± 329.51) compared with the control (1213.2 ± 880.03) (P < .05). The percentage of live bacteria was significantly lower in the UI and SYMPA groups compared with the control and CI groups. Although higher microbial reduction was observed in SYMPA compared with UI, there was no statistical significance (P > .05). CONCLUSION SYMPA in minimally prepared canals showed significant antimicrobial efficacy. The novel irrigation strategy using SYMPA could be an effective disinfection strategy for minimally prepared root canals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Teed
- MSc Endodontics Program, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hebatullah Hussein
- Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Anil Kishen
- Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Alquria TA, Alfirdous RA, Gupta S, Santamaria MP, Santamaria IF, Gomes APM, Tiradentes N, Silva EG, Martinho FC. Comparison of conventional and contemporary root canal disinfection protocols against bacteria, lipoteichoic acid (LTA), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Sci Rep 2023; 13:1206. [PMID: 36681702 PMCID: PMC9867776 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26855-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study devised a dual-species biofilm model to investigate bacteria, lipoteichoic acid (LTA), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) simultaneously, and compared the efficacy of conventional and contemporary disinfection protocols. Seventy single-rooted mandibular premolars were included. Fourteen teeth were negative control, and 56 teeth were infected with 3-week-old E. faecalis and E. coli GFP biofilm. Fourteen/56 teeth were positive control, with seven teeth processed for CLSM analysis and seven teeth sampled with paper points (PPs) and cryogenically ground for bacterial, LTA, and LPS analyses. Forty-two teeth were randomly divided into three groups: GWS (GentleWave system) + MIT (minimally invasive technique), PUI (passive ultrasonic irrigation) + CIT (conventional instrumentation technique), and XP-EF (XP-endo Finisher) + CIT (All, n = 14). Samples were collected before (s1) and after disinfection (s2) with PPs and after cryogenically ground (s3). CFUs were counted, and LTA and LPS were quantified with LTA-ELISA and LAL assay, respectively. XP-EF was as effective as PUI (p > 0.05). GWS + MIT was the most effective disinfection protocol against bacteria, LTA, and LPS (p < 0.05). In conclusion, PUI, XP-EF, and GWS were highly effective against bacteria, LTA, and LPS, with GWS being the most effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theeb A Alquria
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rayyan A Alfirdous
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Prince Abdulrahman Advanced Dental Institute, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Swati Gupta
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Ingrid F Santamaria
- Department of General Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ana P M Gomes
- Endodontic Division, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Naiara Tiradentes
- Endodontic Division, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Eduardo G Silva
- Department of Social and Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Frederico C Martinho
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Lee DW, Ahn Y, Cho DW, Basak B, Jeon BH, Choi J. Evaluation of pyrite/ sodium hypochlorite for activating purification of arsenic from fractured-bedrock groundwater. Environ Pollut 2023; 317:120681. [PMID: 36400135 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the effectiveness of pyrite/sodium hypochlorite (FeS2/NaClO) treatment to eliminate arsenic (As) from fractured-bedrock groundwater via oxidative adsorption was evaluated. The As concentration in the tested reactors decreased sharply during the initial 5 min, as the addition of NaClO effectively increased the As removal efficiency, attaining 98.6% removal within 60 min in the presence of 0.05 M NaClO. There was no coexisting anion effect (Cl-, CO3-, HCO3-, NO3-, and F-) on the As removal capacity of FeS2/NaClO, except for the PO43- which resulted in less removal of As. X-ray spectroscopy analysis of As(III)-sorbed FeS2 surfaces revealed that a portion of As(III) was oxidized into As(V) during the adsorption process. Scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive spectrometer results of FeS2 exhibited the distribution of adsorbed As on the newly formed iron (oxy) hydroxide surfaces, with an As element ratio of 1.27%. A continuous flow-bed column study further demonstrated the efficiency of FeS2/NaClO treatment to lower the contamination level of As at the removal rates of 0.66-3.02 mg/L·day for 160 h. These results suggest that FeS2/NaClO treatment can be considered an effective strategy for removing As in groundwater of bedrock aquifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Won Lee
- Center for Environment, Health and Welfare Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarang-ro 14, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Yongtae Ahn
- Center for Environment, Health and Welfare Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarang-ro 14, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Dong-Wan Cho
- Mineral Resources Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, 124 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34132, Republic of Korea
| | - Bikram Basak
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Choi
- Center for Environment, Health and Welfare Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarang-ro 14, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, South Korea.
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Hosokawa S, Morinishi T, Ohara K, Yamaguchi K, Tada S, Tokuhara Y. A spectrophotometric method for the determination of tryptophan following oxidation by the addition of sodium hypochlorite pentahydrate. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279547. [PMID: 36701407 PMCID: PMC9879471 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan (Trp) is an essential amino acid that functions in various biological processes and human daily health. As the significant functions of Trp become more apparent, its measurement is becoming increasingly important in various situations. Herein, we improved the Trp color reaction based on the Hopkins-Cole reaction and established a simple colorimetric method for Trp determination using several different reagents, including sodium hypochlorite pentahydrate and monosodium glutamate. The detection method can be performed using safe materials, rather than conventional toxic substances, and induces a crimson color change with an absorption peak at 525 nm, enabling the quantification of Trp by simple spectrophotometry in just 10 min. This assay exhibited a linear detection range from 10 to 100 mg/L (R2 = 0.9996). The average recoveries in the spiked cerebrospinal fluid ranged from 90.5% to 104.3%, with a relative standard deviation of 0.27% (n = 3, 29.40 mg/L Trp) to 1.19% (n = 3, 72.90 mg/L Trp). This novel spectrophotometric method may enable many researchers and laboratory technicians to detect Trp in various sample solutions without expensive analytical instruments or complicated operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Hosokawa
- Department of Medical Technology, Ehime Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Ehime, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Morinishi
- Department of Medical Technology, Kagawa Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Ohara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa Campus, Tokushima Bunri University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa Campus, Tokushima Bunri University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tada
- Department of Medical Technology, Kagawa Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Yasunori Tokuhara
- Department of Medical Technology, Kagawa Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Kagawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Rosales-Rimache J, Nunayalle-Vargas M, Rueda-Torres L, Inolopú-Cucche J. Performance of Bleach Method Sputum Smear Microscopy for the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in a Highly Endemic District in Lima, Peru. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 20:135. [PMID: 36612454 PMCID: PMC9819322 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Background: Sputum smear microscopy (SSM) is a screening test used to diagnose tuberculosis (TB); however, its performance and sensitivity are relatively low, which can lead to false negatives. We designed a cross-sectional study to estimate the performance of SSM that includes a pretreatment based on sputum digestion with bleach (sodium hypochlorite) for the diagnosis of TB. Methods: We evaluated 73 sputum samples from patients with a diagnosis of TB confirmed by the Xpert MTB/RIF test and 114 samples from patients without TB. We performed sputum digestion using a 5% sodium hypochlorite solution, centrifuged at 2000 rpm for 15 min. We prepared smears for direct and bleach-treated SSM and used Ziehl−Neelsen staining. Results: The bleach-treated SSM obtained absolute identification of the cases of TB confirmed by the Xpert test, compared to 95.9% identified by the direct smear method (without bleach treatment). We also found a significant increase (p < 0.001) in the recovery of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) obtained by the bleach-treated SSM (293.8 ± 215.1 AFB) compared to the direct SSM method (222.9 ± 195.5 AFB). The AUC of the bleach-treated SSM and direct SSM was 100% and 96.6%, respectively. Conclusion: The bleach-treated SSM performs better than the direct SSM in identifying AFB and increasing the bacillary count in the sputum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lenin Rueda-Torres
- Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 31, Peru
| | - Jorge Inolopú-Cucche
- Facultad de Administración y Salud Pública, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 31, Peru
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