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Saskianti T, Purnamasari S, Pradopo S, Nugraha AP, Prahasanti C, Ernawati DS, Kanawa M. The Effect of Mixed Polymethylmethacrylate and Hydroxyapatite on Viability of Stem Cell from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth and Osteoblast. Eur J Dent 2024; 18:314-320. [PMID: 37336482 PMCID: PMC10959596 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1768971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Stem cell from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) has great potential for bone tissue engineering and cell therapy for regenerative medicine. It has been combined with biomaterials such as mixed of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and hydroxyapatite (HA) as candidates for synthetic bone graft biomaterial. The aim of this study was to analyze the toxicity test of mixed PMMA-HA scaffold seeded with SHED and osteoblast in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS SHED was isolated from the pulp of noncarious deciduous teeth and osteoblast cells were cultured, and exposed to PMMA-HA scaffolds with three concentration groups: 20/80, 30/70, and 40/60 for 24 hours. Cytotoxicity test was performed by MTT assay to cell viability. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 25, one-way analysis of variance followed by least significant difference test, considering the level of significance p-value less than 0.05 RESULTS: The percentage of SHED's viability was best in the PMMA-HA group with concentrations of 20/80, followed by 30/70, and 40/60 with 87.03, 75.33, and 65.79%, respectively. The percentage of osteoblast cell's viability was best in the PMMA-HA group with concentrations of 20/80, followed by 30/70, and 40/60 with 123.6, 108.36, and 93.48%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Mixed PMMA-HA was not toxic for the SHED and osteoblast. This characteristic is the initial requirement to be proposed as an alternative material for healing alveolar bone defects. In vivo animal research is mandatory to confirm the use of PMMA-HA on the alveolar defect model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Saskianti
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Shinta Purnamasari
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Seno Pradopo
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Alexander Patera Nugraha
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Chiquita Prahasanti
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Diah Savitri Ernawati
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Masami Kanawa
- Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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An in vitro study on probable inhibition of cerebrovascular disease by salidroside as a potent small molecule against Aβ aggregation and cytotoxicity in cerebrovascular endothelial cells. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Soesilawati P, Rizqiawan A, Roestamadji RI, Arrosyad AR, Firdauzy MAB, Abu Kasim NH. In vitro Cell Proliferation Assay of Demineralized Dentin Material Membrane in Osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 Cells. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2021; 13:443-449. [PMID: 34744460 PMCID: PMC8565888 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s313184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Demineralized dentin material membrane (DDMM) is a novel bioresorbable guided bone regeneration (GBR) which is derived from the demineralization process of bovine dentin. This material/process could be an alternative to resolve musculoskeletal dysfunction that harms the quality of human life. Purpose To evaluate the cytotoxic effect of DDMM as GBR membrane on MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cell line. Methods Cytotoxic effect was evaluated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cell culture was used as a parameter of cell viability after reacting with GBR materials. The absorbance values were examined at each treatment to determine the percentage of cell viability. There were four groups created in the present study: two treatment groups and two control groups. The treatment groups consisted of a DDMM group and a bovine pericardium collagen membrane (BPCM) group. The control groups comprised a group containing cell culture medium as a negative control group and another positive control group that contained cell cultures. Results The results revealed no significant difference in MC3T3-E1 cell viability between the treatment and control groups (p < 0.05). Moreover, as observed in the DDMM group, there was an increase in the number of osteoblast cells. Conclusion DDMM is a suitable alternative biomaterial for GBR as it is non-cytotoxic and could potentially increase the rate of repair of craniofacial defects. ![]()
Point your SmartPhone at the code above. If you have a QR code reader the video abstract will appear. Or use: https://youtu.be/-9wbabBPZIo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratiwi Soesilawati
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Cell and Tissue Bank-Regenerative Medicine, Dr Soetomo General Academic Hospital/Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Immunology Program, Postgraduate School, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Dental Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Andra Rizqiawan
- Dental Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Retno Indrawati Roestamadji
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Immunology Program, Postgraduate School, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Ahmad Rizal Arrosyad
- Dental Profession Program, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Alwino Bayu Firdauzy
- Immunology Program, Postgraduate School, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Dental Profession Program, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Noor Hayaty Abu Kasim
- Faculty of Dentistry, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Tomokiyo A, Hasegawa D, Ono T, Nagano R, Ipposhi K, Yamashita K, Alhasan MA, Maeda H. Characterization of a clonal human periodontal ligament stem cell line exposed to methacrylate resin-, bioactive glass-, or silicon-based root canal sealers. Odontology 2021; 110:127-137. [PMID: 34382118 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-021-00648-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize a clonal human periodontal ligament (PDL) stem cell line (line 2-23 cells) cultured with root canal sealers based on methacrylate resin (SuperBond sealer; SB), bioactive glass (Nishika Canal Sealer BG; BG), or silicon (GuttaFlow 2; GF). The sealers were set in rubber molds to form sealer discs. Line 2-23 cells were cultured with or without the discs for 3 days. The cell viability was evaluated by direct cell counting and MTT assay. Inflammation-, PDL-, collagen-, and cell cycle-related gene expression was investigated by real-time RT-PCR. Collagen production was analyzed by Picro Sirius Red staining. Calcium ion concentration in the culture was measured by a QuantiChrom calcium assay kit. Line 2-23 cells survived when cultured with GF discs, but decreased cell viability was observed with SB and BG discs. The expression of inflammation-related genes was higher in cells cultured with SB discs, and expression of PDL-related genes was lower in cells exposed to SB and BG discs. These discs also down-regulated collagen production in line 2-23 cells. BG discs increased calcium ion concentration in the culture medium. Cells exposed to GF discs exhibited the same inflammation-, PDL-, collagen-, and cell cycle-related gene expression and collagen production as untreated cells. These results suggested that the characteristics of line 2-23 cells cultured with GF discs was highly resemble to untreated cells throughout the 3 days of the culture model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Tomokiyo
- Department of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka, 812 8582, Japan.
| | - Daigaku Hasegawa
- Department of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka, 812 8582, Japan
| | - Taiga Ono
- Faculty of Dental Science, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryoko Nagano
- Faculty of Dental Science, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keita Ipposhi
- Faculty of Dental Science, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kozue Yamashita
- Faculty of Dental Science, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - M Anas Alhasan
- Faculty of Dental Science, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Maeda
- Department of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka, 812 8582, Japan.,Faculty of Dental Science, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Development of Aldehyde Hyaluronic Acid - N,O-Carboxymethyl Chitosan based Hydrogel for Intraperitoneal Antiadhesion Application. JOURNAL OF BIOMIMETICS BIOMATERIALS AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbbe.52.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Intraperitoneal adhesion is a serious case that often occurs with a prevalence of 90-97 % after undergoing gynecological surgery and laparotomy. This study aims are to characterized the hydrogel and identified the optimal composition of Hyaluronic acid (HA) - N, O-carboxymethyl chitosan (NOCC) as an anti-adhesion biomaterial barrier. The synthesis method involved firstly the synthesis of aldehyde derivative of hyaluronic acid (AHA) and also the conversion of chitosan into its derivative, N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan. These two compounds were mixed in various compositions and crosslinked to form N, O-carboxymethyl chitosan (NOCC) /AHA. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy has confirmed that the functional groups found -C = O stretching at 1644 cm-1 indicating the hyaluronic acid and carboxymethyl group (-CH2COOH) in 1380 cm-1 which indicate the presence of chitosan. The crosslink is evidenced by the group C = N stretching at a wavenumber of about 1630 cm-1. The best composition of intraperitoneal anti-adhesion is the ratio of hyaluronic acid: chitosan at 30:10 mg/ml. The swelling test is showed a swelling ratio of around 211.8 % in accordance with the standard as intraperitoneal anti-adhesion. Hydrogel has a degradation rate up to 86.87 % on day 10, and this is in accordance with the standard as intraperitoneal anti-adhesion. Cytotoxicity assay showed that hydrogel was nontoxic with a percentage of 92.9 % cell viability. The newly developed hyaluronic acid-carboxymethyl chitosan has characteristics that conform to the criteria of an intraperitoneal anti-adhesion.
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Synthesis and Characterization of Nanohydroxyapatite-Gelatin Composite with Streptomycin as Antituberculosis Injectable Bone Substitute. Int J Biomater 2019; 2019:7179243. [PMID: 31341479 PMCID: PMC6614967 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7179243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The most effective treatment for spinal tuberculosis was by eliminating the tuberculosis bacteria and replacing the infected bone with the bone graft to induce the healing process. This study aims to synthesize and characterize nanohydroxyapatite-gelatin-based injectable bone substitute (IBS) with addition of streptomycin. The IBS was synthesized by mixing nanohydroxyapatite and 20 w/v% gelatin with ratio of 40:60, 45:55, 50:50, 55:45, 60:40, 65:35, 70:30, and 75:25 ratio and streptomycin addition as antibiotic agent. The mixture was added by hydroxypropyl methylcellulose as suspending agent. FTIR test showed that there was a chemical reaction occurring in the mixture, between the gelatin and streptomycin. The result of injectability test showed that the highest injectability of the IBS sample was 98.64% with the setting time between 30 minutes and four hours after injection on the HA scaffold that represents the bone cavity and coat the pore scaffold. The cytotoxicity test result showed that the IBS samples were nontoxic towards BHK-21 fibroblast cells and human hepatocyte cells since the viability cell was more than 50% with significant difference (p-value<0.05). The acidity of the IBS was stable and it was sensitive towards Staphylococcus aureus with significantly difference (p-value<0.05). The streptomycin release test showed that the streptomycin could be released from the IBS-injected bone scaffold with release of 2.5% after 4 hours. All the results mentioned showed that IBS was suitable as a candidate to be used in spinal tuberculosis case.
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Synthesis of Nanohydroxyapatite from Cuttlefish Bone ( Sepia sp.) Using Milling Method. Int J Biomater 2019; 2019:1831208. [PMID: 31186648 PMCID: PMC6521385 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1831208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of nanohydroxyapatite from cuttlefish bone (Sepia sp.) has been done by using High Energy Milling (HEM) and its characterization in vitro as bone repair. This study aimed to determine the effect of the milling process on microscopic properties and mechanical properties of nano-HA through XRD, TEM, and compressive strength tests. The hydroxyapatite (HA) used in this study consisted of 1M CaCO3 from aragonite which was extracted from cuttlefish lamella bone (Sepia sp.) and 0.6 M NH4H2PO4, which was hydrothermally processed at 200°C for 12 h and then sintered at 900°C for 1h. Parameter milling includes the variation of milling time, i.e., 3 h, 6 h, and 9 h at rotational speed of 350 rpm. An increase in milling time causes a decrease in HA particle size. This is shown from the results of TEM at the milling time of 9 h with the smallest size up to 65 nm. The result of cell viability test showed that all samples are not toxic with cell viability value of >80%. The milling time of 9 h was an optimum condition with a compressive strength of 4.35952 MPa that can be applied to cancellous bone.
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In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Zinc Fructoborate, a Novel Zinc-Boron Active Natural Complex. CURRENT HEALTH SCIENCES JOURNAL 2019; 44:113-117. [PMID: 30746157 PMCID: PMC6320461 DOI: 10.12865/chsj.44.02.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the role of zinc in biological systems has been a subject of intense research. Zinc is required for multiple metabolic processes as a structural, regulatory, or catalytic ion. The objective of this study, was to assess the toxicity profile of a newly synthesized zinc-boron molecule on cultured cells. Zinc fructoborate, at different levels of concentration, was tested for its impact on the Vero kidney cell line (ATCC® CCL-81™) using the MTT assay. The compound exhibited a low cytotoxic effect on the cell line. Thus, our study demonstrates that the zinc fructoborate could become a promising dietary supplement molecule.
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Prahasanti C, Wulandari DT, Ulfa N. Viability test of fish scale collagen ( Oshpronemus gouramy) on baby hamster kidney fibroblasts-21 fibroblast cell culture. Vet World 2018; 11:506-510. [PMID: 29805217 PMCID: PMC5960791 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.506-510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aims to examine the toxicity of collagen extracted from gouramy fish scales (Oshpronemus gouramy) by evaluating its viability against baby hamster kidney fibroblasts-21. Materials and Methods Collagen was extracted from gouramy fish scales (O. gouramy) with 6% acetic acid. Its results were analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and freeze-dried technique. Its morphology then was analyzed with scanning electron microscope. Afterward, 3-(4.5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)2.5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay was conducted to compare cells with and without fish scale collagen treatment. Results Collagen extracted from gouramy fish scales had no influence statistically on cultured fibroblast cells with a statistical significance (2-tailed) value of0.754 (p>00025). Conclusion Collagen extracted from gouramy fish scales has high viability against BHK21 fibroblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiquita Prahasanti
- Department of Periodontic, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Denny Tri Wulandari
- Department of Periodontic, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Noer Ulfa
- Department of Periodontic, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Bioceramic-Based Root Canal Sealers: A Review. Int J Biomater 2016; 2016:9753210. [PMID: 27242904 PMCID: PMC4868912 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9753210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioceramic-based root canal sealers are considered to be an advantageous technology in endodontics. The aim of this review was to consider laboratory experiments and clinical studies of these sealers. An extensive search of the endodontic literature was made to identify publications related to bioceramic-based root canal sealers. The outcome of laboratory and clinical studies on the biological and physical properties of bioceramic-based sealers along with comparative studies with other sealers was assessed. Several studies were evaluated covering different properties of bioceramic-based sealers including physical properties, biocompatibility, sealing ability, adhesion, solubility, and antibacterial efficacy. Bioceramic-based sealers were found to be biocompatible and comparable to other commercial sealers. The clinical outcomes associated with the use of bioceramic-based root canal sealers are not established in the literature.
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Koo YC, Pyo MC, Nam MH, Hong CO, Yang SY, Lee KW. Chebulic acid prevents hepatic fibrosis induced by advanced glycation end-products in LX-2 cell by modulating Nrf2 translocation via ERK pathway. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 34:8-15. [PMID: 27021876 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are formed during normal aging, and at an accelerated rate in metabolic syndrome patients. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) can be caused by the AGEs in plasma, while glyceraldehyde-derived AGEs (glycer-AGEs) are significantly higher in the serum of NASH patients. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of chebulic acid, isolated from Terminalia chebula Retz., in the inhibition of glycer-AGEs induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and collagen accumulation using the LX-2 cell line. Chebulic acid significantly inhibited the induction of ROS and accumulation of collagen proteins by glycer-AGEs. ERK phosphorylation and total nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein expression were induced by chebulic acid in a dose-dependent manner. Chebulic acid was also found to induce translocation of Nrf2 into the nucleus, which was attenuated by inhibition of ERK phosphorylation through treatment with PD98059. Following translocation of Nrf2, chebulic acid induced the protein expressions of catalytic subunit of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione synthesis. Collagen accumulation was also significantly reduced by chebulic acid treatment. The observed effects of chebulic acid were all inhibited by PD98059 treatment. Taken together, these results suggest that chebulic acid prevents the glycer-AGEs-induced ROS formation of LX-2 cells and collagen accumulation by ERK-phosphorylation-mediated Nrf2 nuclear translocation, which causes upregulation of antioxidant protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Chang Koo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Cheol Pyo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Hyun Nam
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung-Oui Hong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Yong Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Won Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea.
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Chang SW, Lee SY, Kang SK, Kum KY, Kim EC. In vitro biocompatibility, inflammatory response, and osteogenic potential of 4 root canal sealers: Sealapex, Sankin apatite root sealer, MTA Fillapex, and iRoot SP root canal sealer. J Endod 2014; 40:1642-8. [PMID: 25260738 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of this study was to compare the cytotoxicity, inflammatory response, osteogenic effect, and the signaling mechanism of these biologic activities of 4 calcium compound-based root canal sealers (ie, Sealapex [Sybron Kerr, WA], apatite root sealer [ARS; Dentsply Sankin, Tokyo, Japan], MTA Fillapex [Angelus Indústria de Produtos Odontológicos S/A, Londrina, PR, Brazil], and iRoot SP [Innovative BioCreamix Inc, Vancouver, Canada]) in human periodontal ligament cells. METHODS Cytotoxicity was assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Levels of inflammatory mediators were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot analysis. Osteogenic potential was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase activity, alizarin red staining, and marker genes by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. The signal transduction pathways were examined by Western blotting. RESULTS None of the sealers were cytotoxic. ARS, MTA Fillapex, and iRoot SP induced a lower expression of proinflammatory mediators than Sealapex. All sealers increased ALP activity and the formation of mineralized nodules and up-regulated the expression of osteoblastic marker messenger RNA. ARS, MTA Fillapex, and iRoot SP showed superior osteogenic potential compared with Sealapex. The expression and/or activation of integrin receptors and downstream signaling molecules, including focal adhesion kinase, paxillin, Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and nuclear factor κB, was induced by ARS, MTA Fillapex, and iRoot SP treatment but not by Sealapex treatment. CONCLUSIONS We show for the first time that ARS, MTA Fillapex, and iRoot SP induce a lower expression of inflammatory mediators and enhance osteoblastic differentiation of PDLCs via the integrin-mediated signaling pathway compared with Sealapex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Woo Chang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Youn Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Regeneration (MRC), School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Kyung Kang
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee-Yeon Kum
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Research Institute and BK 21 Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Cheol Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Regeneration (MRC), School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Singh P, Paul J, Al-Khuraif AA, Vellappally S, Halawany HS, Hashim M, Abraham NB, Jacob V, Thavarajah R. Sealing ability of mineral trioxide aggregate, calcium phosphate cement, and glass ionomer cement in the repair of furcation perforations. ACTA MEDICA (HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ) 2013; 56:97-103. [PMID: 24592746 DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2014.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro sealing ability of three repair materials. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA; Group A), calcium phosphate cement (CPC; Group B), and light cured glass ionomer cement (GIC; Group C) when used to repair the perforation created in the pulpal floor of fifty extracted human permanent molars. MATERIALS AND METHODS Preparation of access openings and furcation perforations were done, and the teeth divided into five experimental groups (A, B, C) including two controls (D, E) with ten samples in each group randomly. Following the repair procedure, the pulp chambers and access openings were filled with composite resin and immersed in 2% methylene blue solution for 48 hours. The teeth were sectioned longitudinally and the linear dye penetration measured under a stereomicroscope. RESULTS The comparison of the linear length of micro-leakage (mm) among the experimental groups revealed no significant difference (p = 0.332). On calculating the percentage of depth of leakage to the total length of the perforation, it was observed that the mean leakage was 35.5% in Group A, 53.6% in Group B and the highest, 87.5% in Group C. The mean of leakage percentage was statistically significant by Kruskal-Wallis test (p = 0.003). The results indicated that the dye penetration used as furcation perforation repair material was least with mineral trioxide aggregate. Comparing the depth of penetration of dye, 50% of the Group A samples showed less than 25% of depth penetration. While 40% of Group B cases had more than 50% dye penetration. In our study, all Group C teeth had > or = 50% dye penetration. CONCLUSIONS The present study indicated that GIC had the greatest dye penetration followed by CPC and MTA. Mineral trioxide aggregate and calcium phosphate cement had comparatively better sealing ability than glass ionomer cement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabath Singh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - Joseph Paul
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, VMS Dental College, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abdul Aziz Al-Khuraif
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajith Vellappally
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Suliman Halawany
- Dental Caries Research Chair, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Hashim
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nimmi Biju Abraham
- Dental Caries Research Chair, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vimal Jacob
- Dental Caries Research Chair, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rooban Thavarajah
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Marundeeshwara Oral Pathology Services and Analytics, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Karapınar-Kazandağ M, Bayrak OF, Yalvaç ME, Ersev H, Tanalp J, Sahin F, Bayırlı G. Cytotoxicity of 5 endodontic sealers on L929 cell line and human dental pulp cells. Int Endod J 2011; 44:626-34. [PMID: 21306404 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2011.01863.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the cytotoxicity of five root canal sealers on L929 mouse fibroblasts and primary human dental pulp cells. METHODOLOGY Cylindrical specimens of AH Plus (Dentsply De Trey GmbH, Konstanz, Germany), RoekoSeal (Coltène Whaledent, Langenau, Germany), EndoREZ (Ultradent Products Inc., South Jordan, UT, USA), Epiphany (Pentron Clinical Technologies, LLCC, Wallingford, CT, USA) and Activ GP (Brasseller Inc., USA, Savannah, GA, USA) were kept at 37 °C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO(2) for thrice the length of the setting time given by the manufacturer. Extraction of specimens was performed after setting in cell growth medium for 1, 4 and 7 days. Undiluted, 50% and 25% diluted eluates were incubated with cultured cells for 24 and 72 h. Cytotoxicity was assessed using MTS colorimetric bioassay. Kruskal-Wallis test and post hoc Dunn's multiple comparison test were used to compare the sealers and diluted/undiluted eluates in terms of cell viability (% of control). Friedman test and post hoc Dunn's multiple comparison test were performed to compare extraction periods. Wilcoxon test was utilized in comparing 24- and 72-h readings. RESULTS Undiluted 1-day eluate of Activ GP was significantly more cytotoxic than all other sealers (P < 0.0001). Undiluted 4- and 7-day eluates of Epiphany and Activ GP were significantly more cytotoxic than the other three sealers (P < 0.0001). Diluted eluates of Activ GP and Epiphany were generally less toxic than the undiluted ones. The cytotoxicity of Epiphany significantly increased as the extraction period increased (P < 0.0001). Epiphany became more toxic with time of exposure to cells. No or minimal cytotoxicity was observed with RoekoSeal, AH Plus and EndoREZ. CONCLUSIONS The sealers exhibited varying degrees of cytotoxicity dependent on their chemical composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Karapınar-Kazandağ
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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16
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Ciftçioğlu N, McKay DS. Pathological calcification and replicating calcifying-nanoparticles: general approach and correlation. Pediatr Res 2010; 67:490-9. [PMID: 20094006 DOI: 10.1203/pdr.0b013e3181d476ce] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Calcification, a phenomenon often regarded by pathologists little more than evidence of cell death, is becoming recognized to be important in the dynamics of a variety of diseases from which millions of beings suffer in all ages. In calcification, all that is needed for crystal formation to start is nidi (nuclei) and an environment of available dissolved components at or near saturation concentrations, along with the absence of inhibitors for crystal formation. Calcifying nanoparticles (CNP) are the first calcium phosphate mineral containing particles isolated from human blood and were detected in numerous pathologic calcification related diseases. Controversy and critical role of CNP as nidi and triggering factor in human pathologic calcification are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neva Ciftçioğlu
- Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science [N.C., D.S.M.], National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058, USA.
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Kim EC, Lee BC, Chang HS, Lee W, Hong CU, Min KS. Evaluation of the radiopacity and cytotoxicity of Portland cements containing bismuth oxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 105:e54-7. [PMID: 18155604 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2007.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2007] [Revised: 07/25/2007] [Accepted: 08/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed at evaluating the radiopacity and cytotoxicity of Portland cements containing bismuth oxide (PcBo) in varying ratios. STUDY DESIGN Specimens measuring 10 mm in diameter and 1 mm in thickness were radiographed with an aluminum step wedge using an occlusal film. The radiographs were digitized, and the radiopacity of each material was compared to the different thicknesses of the aluminum step wedge. Using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, the cytotoxicity of each material was determined in immortalized human periodontal ligament (IPDL) cells. RESULTS The results demonstrated that Portland cement with 20% bismuth oxide presented greater radiopacity (P < .05) compared to the mixtures with less bismuth oxide. The cell viabilities of all PcBo groups were statistically similar (P > .05) throughout the experimental period. CONCLUSION These results indicate that Portland cement with 20% bismuth oxide has a greater potential for being used as a root-end filling material compared to Portland cement with less bismuth oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Cheol Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
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18
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Zafalon EJ, Versiani MA, de Souza CJA, Moura CCG, Dechichi P. In vivo comparison of the biocompatibility of two root canal sealers implanted into the subcutaneous connective tissue of rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 103:e88-94. [PMID: 17320427 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2006.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2006] [Revised: 07/19/2006] [Accepted: 11/16/2006] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the subcutaneous biocompatibility of 2 root canal sealers. STUDY DESIGN The subcutaneous implant technique recommended by the Fédération Dentaire International (FDI) was used to test Endométhasone and EndoREZ root canal sealers. These materials were placed in Teflon tubes, 1 mm in diameter and 10 mm in length, and implanted into 2 pockets created in the back of 40 Calomys callosus rodents, 20 for each material. Tissue biopsies were collected and histologically examined 15, 30, 60, and 90 days after the implantation procedure. The overall level of the inflammatory tissue response was graded as none, slight, moderate, or severe on the sealer-connective tissue interface at the opening ends of the tubes. The connective tissue response along the lateral wall outside of each tube served as a negative control. RESULTS The tissue reaction to the Endométhasone diminished with time. The EndoREZ sealer was highly toxic during all experimental periods. CONCLUSION Endométhasone root canal sealer presented biocompatibility within the analyzed periods, whereas EndoREZ showed no biocompatible behavior and caused late hypersensitive reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edilson José Zafalon
- Department of Endodontics, College of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Campo Grande, Campo Grande, Brazil
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19
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Miletić I, Devcić N, Anić I, Borcić J, Karlović Z, Osmak M. The cytotoxicity of RoekoSeal and AH plus compared during different setting periods. J Endod 2005; 31:307-9. [PMID: 15793391 DOI: 10.1097/01.don.0000140570.95688.ee] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the root canal sealers RoekoSeal Automix (RSA) and AH Plus in vitro on human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cells and mouse skin fibroblasts (L929). The sealers were covered with a 3 x 10(4) cell suspension 1 h, 24 h, 48 h, 7 days and 1 month after mixing. Four samples and respective controls without sealer were prepared. After 5 days of incubation, the number of cells was determined using an electronic counter; the number of viable cells was determined under light microscopy following the addition of nigrosin dye. The experiment was repeated twice for each sealer and each period. AH Plus was significantly more cytotoxic after 1 h, 24 h, and 48 h, compared to the 7 day and 1 month setting period on both cell lines. RoekoSeal had no cytotoxic effect on either cell line at any setting time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Miletić
- Department of Dental Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia.
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20
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Michaïlesco P, Kouassi M, El Briak H, Armynot A, Boudeville P. Antimicrobial activity and tightness of a DCPD-CaO-based hydraulic calcium phosphate cement for root canal filling. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2005; 74:760-7. [PMID: 15981171 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.30270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Calcium hydroxide is currently used in dentistry for endodontic treatments where its main advantage is its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity. However, it also has some drawbacks such as pulp necrosis, slight solubility, slow and insufficient hardening, and retraction on drying. In consequence, it is used only as temporary material for root canal disinfection. By mixing calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate (CaHPO4 . 2H2O, also called dicalcium phosphate dihydrate, DCPD) and calcium oxide with a sodium phosphate buffer as liquid phase, we obtained a CPC with better mechanical properties than calcium hydroxide pastes. The setting reaction produced either hydroxyapatite (HA) or a mixture of HA and calcium hydroxide depending on the relative masses of DCPD and CaO in the cement powder. The presence of calcium hydroxide a priori confers antimicrobial properties to this cement which were investigated in agar plates (diffusion method) against Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus hominis (clinical isolates), and a preparation of polymicrobial flora isolated from dental plaque. The cement samples tested were prepared at molar calcium-to-phosphate ratios (Ca/P) of 1.67 to 2.75. A pure calcium hydroxide paste was used as reference material. Clear and reproducible bacterial growth inhibition was observed for cement samples with Ca/P > or = 2 against all the microorganisms tested. With Ca/P = 2.5, this cement alkalinizes dentinal tubules and provides a fluid-tight sealing that well compares with sealing obtained using a zinc oxide-eugenol cement without gutta-percha point. DCPD-CaO-based cement is therefore a potential root canal filler.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Michaïlesco
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Faculté d'Odontologie, 545 Avenue du Professeur Jean Louis Viala, 34193 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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21
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare ISO standards versus a new technique for in vitro evaluation of cytotoxicity of root canal sealers. The cytotoxicity of AH Plus, Cortisomol, and Sealapex was first recorded according to ISO standards on L 929 fibroblasts by the MTT assay. In parallel, 30 single-rooted teeth were cut at the cementum enamel junction (CEJ), and the roots were prepared and sterilized before filling with the lateral condensation using one of three sealers (n = 10). The apexes of the roots were dipped into 1 ml of minimum essential medium for 1, 2, and 30 days renewing the medium every other day. After 24-h contact between the medium and the filled roots, the medium was used to measure the cytotoxicity on L 929 with the MTT assay. ISO standards always gave a statistically higher cytotoxicity than the root-dipping technique (p < 0.0001), whatever the sealer and the exposure time. The ISO standards showed statistically significant differences among the sealers (p < 0.0001). AH Plus was noncytotoxic, Cortisomol showed a high cytotoxicity decreasing over time (p < 0.001), and Sealapex displayed a high cytotoxicity that did not decrease over time (NS). The new technique showed statistically significant differences among the sealers (p = 0.001), but the differences were so small that they were likely not clinically relevant. The high cytotoxicity of Sealapex decreased over time but the cytotoxicity of AH Plus and Cortisomol did not. The results show that the ISO standards may strongly over-evaluate the cytotoxicity of the endodontic sealers, emphasize the difference among the sealers, and may clinically correspond to a large overfilling. The new technique reduces the discrimination of the test and may clinically correspond to a classical filling. Therefore, both methods might be considered as clinically relevant, corresponding to classical and overfilling conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Camps
- Unité IMEB, Faculté d'Odontologie, Marseille, France
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22
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Abstract
AIMS To analyse the type and degree of inflammatory reaction initiated by four sealers. METHODOLOGY Twenty-four root canals of Macaca mulatta monkeys were filled within the canal and eight were overfilled with AH26, Apexit, Endomethasone or Grossman's sealers. The result of the treatment was evaluated after 6 months by histological assessment of the periapical tissues. RESULTS In the group of root canals filled within the root, no inflammatory reaction was detected in specimens of Apexit and Grossman's sealers, but the other two sealers initiated different degrees of lymphocytic/plasmocytic tissue reactions. Endomethasone initiated a mild lymphocytic/plasmocytic reaction in three of the nine cases and AH26 caused mild lymphocytic/plasmocytic infiltration in two of the seven cases. In the group of overfilled root canals, all four sealers initiated inflammatory reactions. The periapical tissue reactions of overfilled root canals were similar to reactions detected in cases filled within the canal. However, additional histological features developed in specimens of Endomethasone and AH26: Endomethasone initiated a foreign body-type granulomatous reaction around the sealer particles and AH26 particles were engulfed by macrophages. The overfilled root canals of Apexit and Grossman's sealers initiated only lymphocytic/plasmocytic reactions. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that sealers with different chemical compositions initiate different histological reactions. It also emphasizes the importance of confining root filling to the canal system because all sealers initiate inflammatory reactions when they are present in the apical tissues
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bernáth
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Pécs University, Pécs, Hungary.
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Oztan MD, Yilmaz S, Kalayci A, Zaimoğlu L. A comparison of the in vitro cytotoxicity of two root canal sealers. J Oral Rehabil 2003; 30:426-9. [PMID: 12631168 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2842.2003.01053.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the cytotoxicity of an epoxy resin-based sealer (AH Plus) and a silicone-based sealer (Roeko Seal Automix, RSA). Cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTT assay for mitochondrial enzyme activity and haemocytometer viable cell counting after 24, 48 and 72-h exposure to L929 cells. AH Plus and RSA showed no statistically significant difference in the degree of toxicity. Both sealers had a low toxic influence on the cells during the experimental period. This study indicates that epoxy resin-based sealer AH Plus and the silicone-based sealer RSA have similar levels of cytotoxicity to mouse fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dartar Oztan
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
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Hauman CHJ, Love RM. Biocompatibility of dental materials used in contemporary endodontic therapy: a review. Part 2. Root-canal-filling materials. Int Endod J 2003; 36:147-60. [PMID: 12657140 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2591.2003.00637.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Root-canal-filling materials are either placed directly onto vital periapical tissues or may leach through dentine. The tissue response to these materials therefore becomes important and may influence the outcome of endodontic treatment. This paper is a review of the biocompatibility of contemporary orthograde and retrograde root-canal-filling materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H J Hauman
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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Osano E, Kishi J, Takahashi Y. Phagocytosis of titanium particles and necrosis in TNF-alpha-resistant mouse sarcoma L929 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2003; 17:41-7. [PMID: 12537961 DOI: 10.1016/s0887-2333(02)00127-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In the oral cavity, titanium is an excellent biocompatible material. However, it is reported that high ratios of intracellular titanium particles can cause cell apoptosis or necrosis by as-yet unknown mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to investigate the response of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)-resistant L929 fibroblasts to titanium particles. Cells were cultured in Eagle's medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum and L-glutamine. Titanium particle sizes were less than 9 micro. Cytotoxicity was assayed by a cell counting kit, trypan blue dye exclusion test and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) using dichlorofluorescein diacetate as a fluorescent probe. Morphology was viewed by a CLSM and with an X-ray microanalyser (XMA). When titanium particles were added to cells, the viability decreased to around 50% at a particle concentration of 2.0%. The number of dead cells and LDH activity in the culture media increased significantly between 1 and 2 days. However, formation of active oxygen species did not occur, since no dichlorofluorescein fluorescence was observed. A scanning electron photomicrograph (SEM) revealed a large number of particles covering or adhering to cellular components in lysed cells compared with flattened control cells attached to the substrate. The XMA showed that the titanium accumulation was coincident with the deformed cell shape. The CLSM also confirmed that particles were within the cells. From these results it was concluded that titanium particles ingested in large quantities into the cell induced necrosis by a pathway other than by producing ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Osano
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
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26
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Abstract
Results of in vitro and in vivo studies clearly indicate that some endodontic sealers may cause local and systemic adverse effects. Though occasionally contradictory data has been reported from various authors, it may be concluded that zinc-oxide-eugenol sealers possess a marked cytotoxic and tissue-irritating potency. Most Ca(OH)2-based materials, however, were biocompatible. Genotoxic effects have been observed with sealers releasing paraformaldehyde or containing mutagenic substances, such as bisphenol-A-diglycidyl-ether or its derivatives. It cannot be excluded that these materials may pose a systemic risk because formaldehyde is rapidly distributed systemically following its application into the pulp cavity. Furthermore an increasing number of cases with an aspergillosis of the maxillary sinus have been observed which were mainly caused by zinc-releasing endodontic sealers. Overall, it is recommended that for endodontic practice, sealers that have been found to be biocompatible in a "mixed bag" of various in vitro and in vivo tests, be selected. From this point of view, ZnOE-sealers should no longer be used for root canal fillings. This recommendation applies also to sealers containing paraformaldehyde or generating this substance during their setting reaction. More experimental and clinical studies are necessary to elucidate whether new materials, such as mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) or calcium phosphate cement, will be biocompatible alternatives in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Geurtsen
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology. Medical University Hannover D-30623 Hannover, Germany.
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