Lichtenthal P, Philip J, Sloss LJ, Gabel R, Lesch M. Administration of nitrous oxide in normal subjects. Evaluation of systems of gas delivery for their clinical use and hemodynamic effects.
Chest 1977;
72:316-22. [PMID:
891283 DOI:
10.1378/chest.72.3.316]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (concentrations of 30 to 50%) was administered to 22 healthy volunteer subjects via nasal prongs, rebreathing mask, and an airlines mask to assess the efficiency of systems of delivery and the hemodynamic effects. The end-expired concentration of nitrous oxide, expressed as a percentage of the inspired concentration of nitrous oxide, was 19% for nasal prongs, 34% for the rebreathing mask, and 95% for the airlines mask (most accurate delivery). The pulse rate fell from a mean of 79+/-3 beats per minute to 67+/-2 with nasal prongs, to 64+/-2 with the rebreathing mask, and to 64+/-2 with the airlines mask. Both systolic and diastolic pressures fell from means of 122+/-4 and 74+/-2 mm Hg, respectively, to 98+/-3 mm Hg and 64+/-2 mm Hg, respectively, with the airlines apparatus. The fall in systolic blood pressure (slope, -0.79) exceeded that in the diastolic (slope, -0.35). In additional eight normal subjects, administration of 30% nitrous oxide via airlines mask produced identical changes in blood pressure and pulse rate, but there was no effect from 30 minutes of administration of 30% nitrous oxide on the end-systolic volume index, cardiac index, ejection fraction, normalized wall velocity determined echocardiographically, ejection time, or the ratio of preejection period to ejection time.
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