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Ashaolu TJ, Adeyeye SA. African Functional Foods and Beverages: A Review. JOURNAL OF CULINARY SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15428052.2022.2034697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tolulope J. Ashaolu
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan UniversityDa NangVietnam
- Faculty of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan UniversityDa NangVietnam
| | - Samuel A.O. Adeyeye
- Department of Food Technology, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Hindustan University, Padur, Chennai, India
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Fan C, Huang T, Kong X, Zhang X, Zou Z, Xiao J. Circulating vitamin E and cardiometabolic measures: a Mendelian randomization analysis. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2019; 65:160-169. [PMID: 31592210 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.19-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although a large body of literature reported that high intake of vitamin E played a possible role in reducing risk of cardiometabolic diseases, conflicting results were also found in some observational studies due to confounding factors. Hence, we used a Mendelian randomization study as an alternative way to examine the causality between circulating vitamin E and cardiometabolic diseases. Summary-level data were extracted from consortia and three single nucleotide polymorphisms were used as instrumental variables. Our study showed that a one-SD increase in circulating vitamin E levels was causally associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease [odds ratio (OR) 3.16 (95%CI 1.74, 5.73); p = 1.91 × 10-3] at the Bonferroni-adjusted level of significance (p<0.005). Moreover, a one-SD increase in circulating vitamin E levels was associated with a 0.572-SD increase in low density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dl), a 0.693-SD increase in total cholesterol (mg/dl), and a 1.45-SD increase in triglyceride (mg/dl), but a 0.502-SD decrease in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dl) at the Bonferroni-adjusted level of significance (p<0.0028). Our findings indicated that genetically elevated vitamin E was associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease, suggesting an adverse causality between circulating vitamin E and coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanlong Fan
- Medical School, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, 5 Summer Palace Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100000, China.,Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, 5 Summer Palace Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100000, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences Ministry of Education, 5 Summer Palace Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Xuejun Kong
- Synapse program/Martinos Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Medical School, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Zuquan Zou
- Medical School, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yongan Road, Xuanwu District, Beijing 100000, China
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Polidori MC, Ruggiero C, Croce MF, Raichi T, Mangialasche F, Cecchetti R, Pelini L, Paolacci L, Ercolani S, Mecocci P. Association of increased carotid intima-media thickness and lower plasma levels of vitamin C and vitamin E in old age subjects: implications for Alzheimer's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2015; 122:523-30. [PMID: 25585970 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-014-1357-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In light of the recent advances regarding the role of vascularity in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology, the relationship between plasma levels and activities of the major antioxidant molecules and the carotid intima-media thickness (C-IMT) of older persons with no or very mild cognitive impairment was evaluated. The underlying hypothesis is that the IMT may be an indirect index of vascular damage in persons with low levels of plasma antioxidants. Plasma levels of vitamins A, C, E, of uric acid as well as activities of the plasma antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were measured. Plasma levels of vitamins C and E significantly decreased among participants from the first to the fourth IMT quartile, with a linear slope only for vitamin C. Compared to participants in the lowest vitamin C quartile, the probability to have IMT >1.2 mm significantly decreased among persons from the second to the fourth quartile independent of confounders. In conclusion, only vitamin C plasma levels appear to be selectively associated with the risk of increasing C-IMT. An adequate vitamin C status might be particularly important for protection against AD and other clinical manifestations of vascular and cognitive ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Polidori
- Geriatrics Department, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany,
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Abstract
Our understanding of the role of vitamin E in human nutrition, health, and disease has broadened and changed over the past two decades. Viewed initially as nature's most potent lipid-soluble antioxidant (and discovered for its crucial role in mammalian reproduction) we have now come to realize that vitamin E action has many more facets, depending on the physiological context. Although mainly acting as an antioxidant, vitamin E can also be a pro-oxidant; it can even have nonantioxidant functions: as a signaling molecule, as a regulator of gene expression, and, possibly, in the prevention of cancer and atherosclerosis. Since the term vitamin E encompasses a group of eight structurally related tocopherols and tocotrienols, individual isomers have different propensities with respect to these novel, nontraditional roles. The particular beneficial effects of the individual isomers have to be considered when dissecting the physiological impact of dietary vitamin E or supplements (mainly containing only the alpha-tocopherol isomer) in clinical trials. These considerations are also relevant for the design of transgenic crop plants with the goal of enhancing vitamin E content because an engineered biosynthetic pathway may be biased toward formation of one isomer. In contrast to the tremendous recent advances in knowledge of vitamin E chemistry and biology, there is little hard evidence from clinical and epidemiologic studies on the beneficial effects of supplementation with vitamin E beyond the essential requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Schneider
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA.
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Andrikopoulos NK, Boskou G, Dedoussis GVZ, Chiou A, Tzamtzis VA, Papathanasiou A. Quality assessment of frying oils and fats from 63 restaurants in Athens, Greece. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-5740.2003.00064.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kampa M, Nistikaki A, Tsaousis V, Maliaraki N, Notas G, Castanas E. A new automated method for the determination of the Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) of human plasma, based on the crocin bleaching assay. BMC Clin Pathol 2002; 2:3. [PMID: 12197944 PMCID: PMC128814 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6890-2-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2002] [Accepted: 08/28/2002] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Antioxidant molecules, which scavenge free radical species to prevent or delay oxidative damage of important macromolecules, membrane lipids and lipoproteins, are prevalent in plasma and other biological fluids. Among them, bilirubin, uric acid and protein thiols are the major endogenous antioxidants, while vitamins C and E, as well as a number of food-derived (poly)aromatic substances, belonging to stilbens, flavonoids and phenolic acids, are the main classes of nutritional antioxidants. Assays for total antioxidant capacity in plasma differ in their type of oxidation source, target and measurement used to detect the oxidized product. METHODS: In the present work we present an automated assay for the estimation of blood total antioxidant capacity (TAC assay), based on the crocin bleaching (oxidation) method. This method was adapted on a modern autoanalyzer, was linear over a wide range of values (0-3 mmol/L), and performed using an end point measurement. RESULTS: The TAC method presented a linear correlation with another automated commercial Total Antioxidant Status (TAS) test. Detection of the interference of different metabolites revealed a significant participation of TAC from uric acid, bilirubin, albumin, a minor interference from ascorbic acid, and no interference from hemoglobin. TAC was not modified by two freeze/thawing cycles, and was stable in samples stored at room temperature for 4 hours. K-EDTA and heparin were the best anticoagulants, while citrate decreased TAC by 20%. Reference values derived from samples of normal blood donors was 1.175 PlusMinus; 0.007 mmol/L (mean PlusMinus; SEM), while a diet rich in antioxidants more than doubled this value. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed TAC assay, is fully automated, stable and reliable, and could be of value in the estimation of the AC of plasma. It is further proposed to calculate the antioxidant capacity of plasma after a subtraction of all interference deriving from endogenous and/or exogenous metabolites. The antioxidant capacity of plasma thus calculated can be used as a useful indicator of the antioxidant value of foods and beverages in the daily diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Kampa
- Laboratories of Experimental Endocrinology, University of Crete, School of Medicine, Heraklion, GR-71110, Greece
| | - Anastasia Nistikaki
- Laboratories of Experimental Endocrinology, University of Crete, School of Medicine, Heraklion, GR-71110, Greece
| | | | - Niki Maliaraki
- Clinical Chemistry University of Crete, School of Medicine, Heraklion, GR-71110, Greece
| | - George Notas
- Gastroenterology, University of Crete, School of Medicine, Heraklion, GR-71110, Greece
| | - Elias Castanas
- Laboratories of Experimental Endocrinology, University of Crete, School of Medicine, Heraklion, GR-71110, Greece
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Patrono C, FitzGerald GA. Isoprostanes: potential markers of oxidant stress in atherothrombotic disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1997; 17:2309-15. [PMID: 9409197 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.17.11.2309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Isoprostanes are emerging as a new class of biologically active products of arachidonic acid metabolism of potential relevance to human vascular disease. Their formation in vivo seems to reflect primarily, if not exclusively, a nonenzymatic process of lipid peroxidation. Enhanced urinary excretion of 8-iso-PGF2 alpha has been described in association with cardiac reperfusion injury and with cardiovascular risk factors, including cigarette smoking, diabetes mellitus, and hypercholesterolemia. Besides providing a likely noninvasive index of lipid peroxidation in these settings, measurements of specific F2 isoprostanes in urine may provide a sensitive biochemical end point for dose-finding studies of natural and synthetic inhibitors of lipid peroxidation. Although the biological effects of 8-iso-PGF2 alpha in vitro suggest that it and other isoeicosanoids may modulate the functional consequences of lipid peroxidation, evidence that this is likely in vivo remains inadequate at this time.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Patrono
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104-6100, USA
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Abstract
Free radical mediated, site-specific lipid and protein oxidation has been implicated in the pathophysiology of an ischaemic/reperfusion injury. The aim of the present study was to determine whether carbonyl formation could be detected histochemically in reperfused rat sciatic nerves. We also examined the effects of preischaemic alpha-tocopherol supplementation on carbonyl formation in reperfused nerves. Seven hours of near-complete ischaemia was induced in rat right hindlimb by occlusion of major arteries using microvascular clips. Histochemical detection of carbonyl compounds, applying naphthoic acid hydrazide (NAH) and Fast Blue B (FBB), was undertaken at thigh, knee and calf levels of sciatic, tibial and peroneal nerves. NAH-FBB reactivity was confined to vessels in reperfused nerves. Positively stained epi-, peri- and endoneurial vessels were invariably observed after 2 h of reperfusion at all levels examined. After 24 and 48 h and 7 days of reperfusion, NAH-FBB-positive vessels were more frequently found at knee and calf levels than at the thigh level. Following preischaemic alpha-tocopherol supplementation, no vessels were stained positively with NAH-FBB, except for some epineurial vessels at knee and calf levels after 2 h of reperfusion. Morphometry in endoneurial vessels at the knee level revealed that endothelial cell area in alpha-tocopherol-treated reperfused nerves was significantly less when compared with those in reperfused nerves without alpha-tocopherol. In conclusion, we have demonstrated histochemical evidence of carbonyl formation in vessels, but not with nerve fibres, in ischaemic/reperfused rat sciatic nerves. These abnormalities were prevented with preischaemic supplementation of alpha-tocopherol.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Anderson
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago Medical School, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Chen L, Haught WH, Yang B, Saldeen TG, Parathasarathy S, Mehta JL. Preservation of endogenous antioxidant activity and inhibition of lipid peroxidation as common mechanisms of antiatherosclerotic effects of vitamin E, lovastatin and amlodipine. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997; 30:569-75. [PMID: 9247534 DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(97)00158-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to document the common mechanisms of the antiatherogenic effects of the cholesterol-lowering hydroxy-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor lovastatin, the dihydropyridine Ca2+ blocker amlodipine and the antioxidant vitamin E. BACKGROUND Vitamin E, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and Ca2+ blockers each inhibit atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic animals. METHODS New Zealand White rabbits were fed regular chow (Group A), chow with 1% cholesterol (Group B), 1% cholesterol diet plus lovastatin (Group C), 1% cholesterol diet plus vitamin E (Group D) or 1% cholesterol diet plus amlodipine (Group E) for 12 weeks. The extent of aortic atherosclerosis was measured by planimetry of the sudanophilic area. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in blood were measured as indexes of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity, respectively. RESULTS Group A rabbits showed no atherosclerosis, whereas Group B rabbits had 17.4 +/- 9.3% (mean +/- SD) of the aorta covered with atherosclerosis, and Groups C, D and E rabbits had significantly less atherosclerosis. Plasma SOD activity was lower in Group B than in Group A (6.9 +/- 1.1 vs. 12.8 +/- 1.5 U/ml, p < 0.01) and was preserved in the groups given lovastatin, vitamin E or amlodipine with a high cholesterol diet. The serum MDA level was higher in Group B rabbits than Group A rabbits (12.1 +/- 2.6 vs. 1.2 +/- 0.1 nmol/ml, p < 0.01) and increased minimally in rabbits given lovastatin, vitamin E or amlodipine with a high cholesterol diet. In in vitro experiments, both lovastatin and amlodipine preserved SOD activity and reduced the oxidizability of low density lipoproteins by rabbit leukocytes. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that a reduction in lipid peroxidation and preservation of SOD may be common mechanisms of antiatherosclerotic effects of lovastatin, vitamin E and amlodipine.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville 32610, USA
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Abstract
Recent evidence confirms that local haemodynamic stresses account for the initiation, topographical localization and complications of atherosclerosis. These causative stresses are vibratory and associated with pulse pressure and the lesser vibrations of greater frequency generated by blood flow at predilection sites. This bioengineering fatigue hypothesis is further substantiated by analogous effects of repetitive stresses on erythrocytes and in the musculoskeletal system. The mechanism underlying fatigue is cumulative molecular scissions of the mural constituents which ultimately result in failure of the wall as a whole. Free radicals and oxidation products are by-products of this molecular scission in atherogenesis. This theory which explains the progressive inexorable loss of mural cohesion, its pathogenesis and complications is completely substantiated by the iatrogenic and experimental reproduction of the disease by haemodynamic means.
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Affiliation(s)
- W E Stehbens
- Department of Pathology, Wellington School of Medicine, New Zealand
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Zhang WY, Po AL. Do codeine and caffeine enhance the analgesic effect of aspirin?--A systematic overview. J Clin Pharm Ther 1997; 22:79-97. [PMID: 9373807 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.1997.tb00002.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether codeine and caffeine enhance the analgesic effect of aspirin in post-operative pain. METHOD Systematic overview of the literature and meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials (RCTs). RESULTS Codeine 60 mg leads to a small increase in the analgesic effect of 650 mg of aspirin when total pain relief score (TOTPAR%) is used as a efficacy end-point. This increased effect was not seen when sum of pain intensity (SPID%) and proportions of patients responding with moderate to excellent pain relief were used as outcome measures. Caffeine did not enhance the analgesic effect of aspirin. CONCLUSION Codeine 60 mg may produce a small increase in the analgesic effect of aspirin 650 mg. However, this effect is not clinically meaningful. Caffeine has no adjuvant analgesic effect. At over-the-counter (OTC) doses, caffeine and codeine are not useful in aspirin formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Y Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
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Martin U, Eagles C. Non-pharmacological modification of cardiac risk factors: Part 2. The role of diet. J Clin Pharm Ther 1997; 22:99-108. [PMID: 9373808 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.1997.tb00003.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A high intake of saturated fats and cholesterol is associated with an increased risk of developing and dying from coronary artery disease (CHD), particularly if other risk factors are present. However, although a reduction in the consumption of the amounts of saturated fat and cholesterol may reduce the incidence of primary and secondary CHD in susceptible individuals, other dietary measures may also be important. These include an increased consumption of poly- and monounsaturated fatty acids, fresh fruit, fish and fibre.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Martin
- Department of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, U.K
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