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Tai CH, Kuo SF, Lee CH. Concurrency of splenomegaly and numerous enlarged mesenteric and retroperitoneal lymph nodes in a patient with pelvic inflammatory disease caused by Edwardsiella tarda: Mimicking lymphoma. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2019; 35:446-447. [PMID: 30887633 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hsiang Tai
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fang Kuo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsiang Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Spontaneous Ruptured Pyomyoma in a Nulligravid Female: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Case Rep Obstet Gynecol 2018; 2018:1026287. [PMID: 30057837 PMCID: PMC6051118 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1026287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pyomyoma, or suppurative leiomyoma, is a rare complication of uterine fibroids. It occurs most commonly in the setting of pregnancy, the immediate postpartum period, or postmenopausal status. It may also arise after recent uterine instrumentation, after uterine artery embolization, or in immunocompromised patients. The most likely cause of pyomyoma is vascular compromise followed by bacterial seeding from direct, hematogenous, or lymphatic spread. Diagnosis is difficult, as the condition is rare, presents with vague symptoms, and is difficult to identify on imaging. Definitive diagnosis is only possible with surgery. Pathology shows a degenerating fibroid with hemorrhage, necrosis, cystic degeneration, and/or inflammatory change. Cultures of the pus contained within often show polymicrobial infection. Case Presentation Our patient is a 24-year-old nulligravid female who presented with a surgical abdomen, fever, hypotension, and leukocytosis. She had no significant prior medical or surgical history, no history of uterine instrumentation, and no history of pelvic infection; she was not currently sexually active at the time of presentation. She was taken to the operating room, where she underwent diagnostic laparoscopy. This showed a ruptured pyomyoma originating in the left broad ligament. She then underwent laparoscopic myomectomy. She was transferred to the ICU intubated; she slowly recovered on IV antibiotics and was discharged home on postoperative day 10. Discussion Pyomyoma is a rare condition and is even rarer in premenopausal patients without recent history of pregnancy or uterine instrumentation. This demonstrates an unusual case of spontaneous pyomyoma in the absence of risk factors, other than a history of known fibroids. Pyomyoma should be considered as a diagnosis in patients with sepsis, history of fibroids, and no other identifiable source of infection.
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Miyazawa Y, Murakami K, Kizaki Y, Itaya Y, Takai Y, Seki H. Maternal peripartum septic shock caused by intrauterine infection with Edwardsiella tarda: A case report and review of the literature. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2017; 44:171-174. [PMID: 29094482 DOI: 10.1111/jog.13476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Edwardsiella tarda (E. tarda) is a rare pathogen in humans, especially during the peripartum period. Only a few cases of fatal neonatal infection with E. tarda have been reported. Herein, we describe a case of maternal septicemia caused by E. tarda following peripartum chorioamnionitis. The mother developed septic shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation and a post-cesarean wound hematoma with abscess. Her condition improved with multidisciplinary therapy including blood transfusion, antimicrobial agents, recombinant thrombomodulin and surgical debridement. E. tarda was isolated from the maternal blood, cesarean wound and neonatal skin, pharynx and gastric fluid. This case demonstrates that peripartum infection with E. tarda is a rare but life-threatening condition, not only for the neonate but also for the mother.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Miyazawa
- Division of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Center for Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Keisuke Murakami
- Division of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Center for Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Kizaki
- Division of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Center for Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yukiko Itaya
- Division of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Center for Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasushi Takai
- Division of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Center for Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Seki
- Division of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Center for Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
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Iwahashi N, Mabuchi Y, Shiro M, Yagi S, Minami S, Ino K. Large uterine pyomyoma in a perimenopausal female: A case report and review of 50 reported cases in the literature. Mol Clin Oncol 2016; 5:527-531. [PMID: 27882238 PMCID: PMC5103854 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2016.1005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyomyoma is a rare complication, which withoug antibiotics or surgical intervention, may cause sepsis and mortality. The present study reported a case of large uterine pyomyoma in a perimenopausal female. A 53-year-old multigravida woman was referred to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan) due to progressive abdominal distension. The patient presented with anemia gravis, severe inflammatory reaction and cachexia. Computed tomography revealed a large unilocular mass, 50 cm in size, with an irregular surface and thickened wall, occupying the entire abdomen. Following antibiotic medication, the patient underwent a total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Intraoperative findings demonstrated a solid tumor arising from the back of the uterine body. A total of 12 liters of purulent, malodorous fluid was drained from the tumor. The resected mass was 50 cm in size and 13.5 kg in weight. Cultures of the pus revealed the presence of Streptococcus agalactiae. Pathological findings revealed suppurative leiomyoma with no malignancy. Large pyomyoma is difficult to distinguish from a gynecological malignant tumor types, particularly in perimenopausal women with non-specific clinical presentation. Although pyomyoma is a benign tumor, care must be taken to discriminate these from large abdominal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Iwahashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan
| | - Yasushi Mabuchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan
| | - Michihisa Shiro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan
| | - Shigetaka Yagi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan
| | - Sawako Minami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan
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Pinton A, Aubry G, Thoma V, Nisand I, Akladios CY. Pyomyoma after abortion: Uterus conserving surgery is possible to maintain fertility. Case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2016; 24:179-81. [PMID: 27266830 PMCID: PMC4908459 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2016.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
If initial treatment of endometritis is unsuccessful consider a differential diagnosis of a pyomyoma. We can maintain patient’s fertility with a myomectomy and future pregnancy can be possible. The post abortion period is a risk factor for pyomyoma even in cases of spontaneous miscarriage.
Introduction Pyomyoma is a rare complication associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Presentation of case We report the case of a 28-year-old nulligravida patient presenting pyomyoma following a spontaneous abortion at fourteen weeks and four days. Fourteen days following spontaneous miscarriage she was referred to the hospital with abdominal pain and fever. An antibiotic treatment was initiated. However, after ten days, the patient’s condition deteriorated and a decision for an emergency laparotomy made. The pyomyoma was successfully resected and the patient’s postoperative recovery was uneventful. A new pregnancy was confirmed two years later. Discussion The diagnosis of pyomyoma can be difficult but surgical treatment is often indicated. Performing a prompt myomectomy avoids the need for hysterectomy, preserving future fertility. Conclusion Pregnancy is possible following uterine sparing treatment of pyomyoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Pinton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Strasbourg Teaching Hospital, 1 Avenue Molière Strasbourg, 67098, France.
| | - Gabrielle Aubry
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Strasbourg Teaching Hospital, 1 Avenue Molière Strasbourg, 67098, France.
| | - Véronique Thoma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Strasbourg Teaching Hospital, 1 Avenue Molière Strasbourg, 67098, France.
| | - Israël Nisand
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Strasbourg Teaching Hospital, 1 Avenue Molière Strasbourg, 67098, France.
| | - Cherif Youssef Akladios
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Strasbourg Teaching Hospital, 1 Avenue Molière Strasbourg, 67098, France.
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Hirai Y, Asahata-Tago S, Ainoda Y, Fujita T, Kikuchi K. Edwardsiella tarda bacteremia. A rare but fatal water- and foodborne infection: Review of the literature and clinical cases from a single centre. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DES MALADIES INFECTIEUSES ET DE LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE 2015; 26:313-8. [PMID: 26744588 PMCID: PMC4692300 DOI: 10.1155/2015/702615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Edwardsiella tarda bacteremia (ETB) can be a fatal disease in humans. OBJECTIVES To determine the significant risk factors associated with death caused by ETB, and to examine the geographical, seasonal, environmental and dietary factors of the disease. METHODS A retrospective, observational, case control study was performed. The PubMed MEDLINE and Japanese Medical Abstract Society (www.jamas.or.jp) databases were searched for ETB case reports and meeting abstracts. In additon, retrospective chart reviews of patients with ETB at the Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital (Tokyo, Japan) were conducted to evaluate the risk factors associated with death using multivariate analyses. RESULTS The literature search yielded 46 publications, comprising 72 cases from the English (n=30), French (n=1), Spanish (n=1) and Japanese (n=14) literature. Five cases at the Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital were also included. Of the included 77 cases, the mean age was 61 years and 39% of patients were female; 77.2% of the cases occurred between June and November, and 45.5% were reported in Japan. Dietary factors (raw fish/meat exposure) were reported for 10.4% of patients and 12.9% reported environmental (ie, brackish water) exposure. The overall mortality rate was 44.6%; however, this rate increased to 61.1% for ETB patients with soft tissue infections. Liver cirrhosis was determined to be an independent risk factor associated with death (OR 12.0 [95% CI 2.46 to 58.6]; P=0.00213) using multivariate analyses. DISCUSSION To our knowledge, the present analysis was the first and largest multi-language review of ETB. Clinical characteristics of ETB resemble those of Aeromonas, typhoid fever and Vibrio vulnificus infections, in addition to sharing similar risk factors. CONCLUSION ETB should be categorized as a severe food- and waterborne infection, which results in high mortality for patients with liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Hirai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo Women’s Medical University
- Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Toyko, Japan
| | | | - Yusuke Ainoda
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo Women’s Medical University
| | - Takahiro Fujita
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo Women’s Medical University
| | - Ken Kikuchi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo Women’s Medical University
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Guijarro JA, Cascales D, García-Torrico AI, García-Domínguez M, Méndez J. Temperature-dependent expression of virulence genes in fish-pathogenic bacteria. Front Microbiol 2015. [PMID: 26217329 PMCID: PMC4496569 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Virulence gene expression in pathogenic bacteria is modulated by environmental parameters. A key factor in this expression is temperature. Its effect on virulence gene expression in bacteria infecting warm-blooded hosts is well documented. Transcription of virulence genes in these bacteria is induced upon a shift from low environmental to a higher host temperature (37°C). Interestingly, host temperatures usually correspond to the optimum for growth of these pathogenic bacteria. On the contrary, in ectothermic hosts such as fish, molluscs, and amphibians, infection processes generally occur at a temperature lower than that for the optimal growth of the bacteria. Therefore, regulation of virulence gene expression in response to temperature shift has to be modulated in a different way to that which is found in bacteria infecting warm-blooded hosts. The current understanding of virulence gene expression and its regulation in response to temperature in fish-pathogenic bacteria is limited, but constant extension of our knowledge base is essential to enable a rational approach to the problem of the bacterial fish diseases affecting the aquaculture industry. This is an interesting issue and progress needs to be made in order to diminish the economic losses caused by these diseases. The intention of this review is, for the first time, to compile the scattered results existing in the field in order to lay the groundwork for future research. This article is an overview of those relevant virulence genes that are expressed at temperatures lower than that for optimal bacterial growth in different fish-pathogenic bacteria as well as the principal mechanisms that could be involved in their regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A. Guijarro
- *Correspondence: José A. Guijarro, Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biotecnología de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Julían Clavería 6, 33006 Oviedo, Spain,
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Chen ZHY, Tsai HD, Sun MJ. Pyomyoma: a rare and life-threatening complication of uterine leiomyoma. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2010; 49:351-6. [PMID: 21056322 DOI: 10.1016/s1028-4559(10)60072-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2009] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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9
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Surgical wound infection, tuboovarian abscess, and sepsis caused by Edwardsiella tarda: case reports and literature review. Infection 2010; 38:487-9. [PMID: 20931258 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-010-0057-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Edwardsiella tarda is a freshwater pathogen that may cause mild to invasive infections with high mortality in humans. We describe two patients with serious E. tarda infections. The first patient was a woman with a tuboovarian abscess (TOA) and bilateral salpingitis requiring surgical resection and drainage. Her hospital course was complicated by a postoperative wound infection. TOA fluid as well as surgical wound culture revealed pure growth of E. tarda resistant to several antibiotics. The second patient was a man with a bloodstream E. tarda infection and cholangitis who recently traveled to Ecuador. He presented with hypoxia and further workup revealed choledocholithiasis and common bile duct benign polyps. Both patients made a full recovery.
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10
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Wang B, Mo ZL, Mao YX, Zou YX, Xiao P, Li J, Yang JY, Ye XH, Leung KY, Zhang PJ. Investigation of EscA as a chaperone for the Edwardsiella tarda type III secretion system putative translocon component EseC. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2009; 155:1260-1271. [PMID: 19332827 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.021865-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Edwardsiella tarda is an important Gram-negative enteric pathogen affecting both animals and humans. It possesses a type III secretion system (T3SS) essential for pathogenesis. EseB, EseC and EseD have been shown to form a translocon complex after secretion, while EscC functions as a T3SS chaperone for EseB and EseD. In this paper we identify EscA, a protein required for accumulation and proper secretion of another translocon component, EseC. The escA gene is located upstream of eseC and the EscA protein has the characteristics of T3SS chaperones. Cell fractionation experiments indicated that EscA is located in the cytoplasm and on the cytoplasmic membrane. Mutation with in-frame deletion of escA greatly decreased the secretion of EseC, while complementation of escA restored the wild-type secretion phenotype. The stabilization and accumulation of EseC in the cytoplasm were also affected in the absence of EscA. Mutation of escA did not affect the transcription of eseC but reduced the accumulation level of EseC as measured by using an EseC-LacZ fusion protein in Ed. tarda. Co-purification and co-immunoprecipitation studies demonstrated a specific interaction between EscA and EseC. Further analysis showed that residues 31-137 of EseC are required for EseC-EscA interaction. Mutation of EseC residues 31-137 reduced the secretion and accumulation of EseC in Ed. tarda. Finally, infection experiments showed that mutations of EscA and residues 31-137 of EseC increased the LD(50) by approximately 10-fold in blue gourami fish. These results indicated that EscA functions as a specific chaperone for EseC and contributes to the virulence of Ed. tarda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.,Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Zhao Lan Mo
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | | | - Yu Xia Zou
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.,Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Jie Li
- Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Jia Yin Yang
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.,Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Xu Hong Ye
- Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Ka Yin Leung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 117543 Singapore
| | - Pei Jun Zhang
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
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11
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Nguyen QH, Gruenewald SM. Sonographic appearance of a postpartum pyomyoma with gas production. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND : JCU 2008; 36:186-8. [PMID: 17680593 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.20401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Pyomyoma or suppurative leiomyoma is a potentially fatal complication of uterine leiomyomas. It is a rare condition with only a small number of reported cases since the era of antibiotics, and the descriptions of its sonographic appearance has been limited. We present a case of a pyomyoma associated with gas production, including a brief review of the reported sonographic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quyen H Nguyen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ultrasound, and PET, Westmead Hospital, Darcy Road, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia 2145
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12
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Zheng J, Li N, Tan YP, Sivaraman J, Mok YK, Mo ZL, Leung KY. EscC is a chaperone for the Edwardsiella tarda type III secretion system putative translocon components EseB and EseD. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2007; 153:1953-1962. [PMID: 17526852 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.2006/004952-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Edwardsiella tarda is a Gram-negative enteric pathogen that causes disease in both humans and animals. Recently, a type III secretion system (T3SS) has been found to contribute to Ed. tarda pathogenesis. EseB, EseC and EseD were shown to be secreted by the T3SS and to be the major components of the extracellular proteins (ECPs). Based on sequence similarity, they have been proposed to function as the 'translocon' of the T3SS needle structure. In this study, it was shown that EseB, EseC and EseD formed a protein complex after secretion, which is consistent with their possible roles as translocon components. The secretion of EseB and EseD was dependent on EscC (previously named Orf2). EscC has the characteristics of a chaperone; it is a small protein (13 kDa), located next to the translocators in the T3SS gene cluster, and has a coiled-coil structure at the N-terminal region as predicted by coils. An in-frame deletion of escC abolished the secretion of EseB and EseD, and complementation of DeltaescC restored the export of EseB and EseD into the culture supernatant. Further studies showed that EscC is not a secreted protein and is located on the membrane and in the cytoplasm. Mutation of escC did not affect the transcription of eseB but reduced the amount of EseB as measured by using an EseB-LacZ fusion protein in Ed. tarda. Co-purification studies demonstrated that EscC formed complexes with EseB and EseD. The results suggest that EscC functions as a T3SS chaperone for the putative translocon components EseB and EseD in Ed. tarda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zheng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yuen Peng Tan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - J Sivaraman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yu-Keung Mok
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhao Lan Mo
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ka Yin Leung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
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13
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Zheng J, Tung SL, Leung KY. Regulation of a type III and a putative secretion system in Edwardsiella tarda by EsrC is under the control of a two-component system, EsrA-EsrB. Infect Immun 2005; 73:4127-37. [PMID: 15972502 PMCID: PMC1168592 DOI: 10.1128/iai.73.7.4127-4137.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Edwardsiella tarda is a gram-negative enteric pathogen that causes hemorrhagic septicemia in fish and gastro- and extraintestinal infections in humans. A type III secretion system (TTSS) and a putative secretion system (EVP) have been found to play important roles in E. tarda pathogenesis. Our previous studies suggested that the TTSS and EVP gene clusters were regulated by a two-component system of EsrA-EsrB. In the present study, we characterized another regulator, EsrC, which showed significant sequence similarity to the AraC family of transcriptional regulators. Mutants with in-frame deletions of esrC increased the 50% lethal doses in blue gourami fish, reduced extracellular protein production, and failed to aggregate. Complementation of esrC restored these three phenotypes. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis showed that EsrC regulated the expression of secreted proteins encoded by the TTSS (such as EseB and EseD) and EVP (EvpC) gene clusters. The expression of esrC required a functional two-component system of EsrA-EsrB. EsrC in turn regulated the expression of selected genes encoded in TTSS (such as the transcriptional unit of orf29and orf30, but not esaC) and genes encoded in the EVP gene cluster. The present study sheds light on the regulation of these two key virulence-associated secretion systems and provides greater insight into the pathogenic mechanisms of this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zheng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Science Dr. 4, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
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Yeat SK, Chong KM, Pan HS, Cheng WC, Hwang JL, Lee CC. Impending Sepsis Due to a Ruptured Pyomyoma with Purulent Peritonitis: A Case Report and Literature Review. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1028-4559(09)60113-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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15
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Vinogradov E, Nossova L, Perry MB, Kay WW. Structural characterization of the O-polysaccharide antigen of Edwardsiella tarda MT 108. Carbohydr Res 2005; 340:85-90. [PMID: 15620670 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2004.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2004] [Revised: 10/19/2004] [Accepted: 10/27/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Edwardsiella tarda, a Gram-negative bacterium, is an important cause of hemorrhagic septicemia in fish and also of gastro- and extraintestinal infections in humans. The lipopolysaccharide produced by the fish pathogenic strain E. tarda MT 108 was isolated and the structure of its antigenic O-polysaccharide component determined by the application of chemical analyses, high-resolution 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. The polysaccharide was found to be a polymer of a repeating pentasaccharide unit composed of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose (D-GlcNAc), 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactose (D-GalNAc), D-galactose (D-Gal), L-rhamnose (L-Rha), D-galacturonic acid (D-GalA) and (2S,3R)-threonine (1:1:1:1:1:1) having the structure: [structure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Vinogradov
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, K1A OR6, Canada
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Srinivasa Rao PS, Lim TM, Leung KY. Functional genomics approach to the identification of virulence genes involved in Edwardsiella tarda pathogenesis. Infect Immun 2003; 71:1343-51. [PMID: 12595451 PMCID: PMC148833 DOI: 10.1128/iai.71.3.1343-1351.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Edwardsiella tarda is an important cause of hemorrhagic septicemia in fish and also of gastro- and extraintestinal infections in humans. Here, we report the identification of 14 virulence genes of pathogenic E. tarda that are essential for disseminated infection, via a genome-wide analysis. We screened 490 alkaline phosphatase fusion mutants from a library of 450,000 TnphoA transconjugants derived from strain PPD130/91, using fish as an infection model. Compared to the wild type, 15 mutants showed significant decreases in virulence. Six mutants had insertions in the known virulence-related genes, namely, fimA, gadB, katB, pstS, pstC, and ssrB. Some mutants corresponded to known genes (astA, isor, and ompS2) that had not been previously shown to be involved in pathogenesis, and three had insertions in two novel genes. In vivo infection kinetics experiments confirmed the inability of these attenuated mutants to proliferate and cause fatal infection in fish. Screening for the presence of the above-described virulence genes in six virulent and seven avirulent strains of E. tarda indicated that seven of the genes were specific to pathogenic E. tarda. The genes identified here may be used to develop vaccines and diagnostic kits as well as for further studying the pathogenesis of E. tarda and other pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putanae S. Srinivasa Rao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Tit Meng Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Ka Yin Leung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore. Science Dr. 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore. Phone: (65) 6874 7835. Fax: (65) 6779 2486. E-mail:
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Slaven EM, Lopez FA, Hart SM, Sanders CV. Myonecrosis caused by Edwardsiella tarda: a case report and case series of extraintestinal E. tarda infections. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 32:1430-3. [PMID: 11317243 DOI: 10.1086/320152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2000] [Revised: 10/02/2000] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Edwardsiella tarda is an unusual human pathogen. It is primarily associated with gastrointestinal disease, although recent reports of extraintestinal disease are broadening the current understanding of the clinical spectrum of E. tarda. A series of 11 cases of extraintestinal E. tarda infection is presented, including the first reported case of myonecrosis in an immunocompetent patient. Wound infections were the most common manifestation, and 3 of 5 patients with infected wounds had been exposed to a marine environment. One patient had bacteremia, and the remaining 5 patients developed abscesses that required surgical drainage. Four patients had E. tarda isolated in pure culture, including the patient with myonecrosis. Although it is often difficult to ascertain the contribution of E. tarda to infection when it is isolated as part of a mixed culture, this case series suggests that E. tarda is singularly capable of causing limb- and life-threatening infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Slaven
- Department of Medicine and Section of Infectious Diseases, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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