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Easa AA, Selionova M, Aibazov M, Mamontova T, Sermyagin A, Belous A, Abdelmanova A, Deniskova T, Zinovieva N. Identification of Genomic Regions and Candidate Genes Associated with Body Weight and Body Conformation Traits in Karachai Goats. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101773. [PMID: 36292658 PMCID: PMC9601913 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify the SNPs and candidate genes related to body weight and seven body conformation traits at the age of 8 months in the Russian aboriginal Karachai goats (n = 269) by conducting genome-wide association studies (GWAS), using genotypes generated by Goat SNP BeadChip (Illumina Inc., USA). We identified 241 SNPs, which were significantly associated with the studied traits, including 47 genome-wide SNPs (p < 10−5) and 194 suggestive SNPs (p < 10−4), distributed among all goat autosomes except for autosome 23. Fifty-six SNPs were common for two and more traits (1 SNP for six traits, 2 SNPs for five traits, 12 SNPs for four traits, 20 SNPs for three traits, and 21 SNPs for two traits), while 185 SNPs were associated with single traits. Structural annotation within a window of 0.4 Mb (±0.2 Mb from causal SNPs) revealed 238 candidate genes. The largest number of candidate genes was identified at Chr13 (33 candidate genes for the five traits). The genes identified in our study were previously reported to be associated with growth-related traits in different livestock species. The most significant genes for body weight were CRADD, HMGA2, MSRB3, MAX, HACL1 and RAB15, which regulate growth processes, body sizes, fat deposition, and average daily gains. Among them, the HMGA2 gene is a well-known candidate for prenatal and early postnatal development, and the MSRB3 gene is proposed as a candidate gene affecting the growth performance. APOB, PTPRK, BCAR1, AOAH and ASAH1 genes associated with withers height, rump height and body length, are involved in various metabolic processes, including fatty acid metabolism and lipopolysaccharide catabolism. In addition, WDR70, ZBTB24, ADIPOQ, and SORCS3 genes were linked to chest width. KCNG4 was associated with rump height, body length and chest perimeter. The identified candidate genes can be proposed as molecular markers for growth trait selection for genetic improvement in Karachai goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A. Easa
- Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Russian State Agrarian University-Moscow, Timiryazevskaya Street, 41, Moscow 127550, Russia
- Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.A.E.); (N.Z.)
| | - Marina Selionova
- Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Russian State Agrarian University-Moscow, Timiryazevskaya Street, 41, Moscow 127550, Russia
| | - Magomet Aibazov
- Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Russian State Agrarian University-Moscow, Timiryazevskaya Street, 41, Moscow 127550, Russia
| | - Tatiana Mamontova
- Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Russian State Agrarian University-Moscow, Timiryazevskaya Street, 41, Moscow 127550, Russia
| | - Alexander Sermyagin
- L K Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy 60, Podolsk Municipal District, Moscow 142132, Russia
| | - Anna Belous
- L K Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy 60, Podolsk Municipal District, Moscow 142132, Russia
| | - Alexandra Abdelmanova
- L K Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy 60, Podolsk Municipal District, Moscow 142132, Russia
| | - Tatiana Deniskova
- L K Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy 60, Podolsk Municipal District, Moscow 142132, Russia
| | - Natalia Zinovieva
- L K Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy 60, Podolsk Municipal District, Moscow 142132, Russia
- Correspondence: (A.A.E.); (N.Z.)
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The Mammalian High Mobility Group Protein AT-Hook 2 (HMGA2): Biochemical and Biophysical Properties, and Its Association with Adipogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103710. [PMID: 32466162 PMCID: PMC7279267 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian high-mobility-group protein AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) is a small DNA-binding protein and consists of three “AT-hook” DNA-binding motifs and a negatively charged C-terminal motif. It is a multifunctional nuclear protein directly linked to obesity, human height, stem cell youth, human intelligence, and tumorigenesis. Biochemical and biophysical studies showed that HMGA2 is an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) and could form homodimers in aqueous buffer solution. The “AT-hook” DNA-binding motifs specifically bind to the minor groove of AT-rich DNA sequences and induce DNA-bending. HMGA2 plays an important role in adipogenesis most likely through stimulating the proliferative expansion of preadipocytes and also through regulating the expression of transcriptional factor Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) at the clonal expansion step from preadipocytes to adipocytes. Current evidence suggests that a main function of HMGA2 is to maintain stemness and renewal capacity of stem cells by which HMGA2 binds to chromosome and lock chromosome into a specific state, to allow the human embryonic stem cells to maintain their stem cell potency. Due to the importance of HMGA2 in adipogenesis and tumorigenesis, HMGA2 is considered a potential therapeutic target for anticancer and anti-obesity drugs. Efforts are taken to identify inhibitors targeting HMGA2.
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Dória S, Alves D, Pinho MJ, Pinto J, Leão M. 12q14 microduplication: a new clinical entity reciprocal to the microdeletion syndrome? BMC Med Genomics 2020; 13:2. [PMID: 31900140 PMCID: PMC6942376 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-019-0653-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 12q14 microdeletion syndrome is characterized by low birth weight and failure to thrive, proportionate short stature and developmental delay. The opposite syndrome (microduplication) has not yet been characterized. Our main objective is the recognition of a new clinical entity - 12q14 microduplication syndrome. - as well as confirming the role of HMGA2 gene in growth regulation. Case presentation Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH), Karyotype, Fluorescence in situ Hybridization, Quantitative-PCR analysis and Whole exome sequencing (WES) were performed in a girl presenting overgrowth and obesity. Array CGH identified a 1.5 Mb 12q14.3 microduplication involving HMGA2, GRIP1, IRAK3, MSRB3 and TMBIM4 genes. Karyotype and FISH showed that duplication was a de novo insertion of 12q14.3 region on chromosome 9p resulting in an interstitial microduplication. Q-PCR confirmed the duplication only in the proband. WES revealed no pathogenic variants. Conclusions Phenotypic comparison with patients with 12q14 microdeletion syndrome showed a reciprocal presentation, suggesting a phenotypically recognizable 12q14 microduplication syndrome as well as confirming the role of HMGA2 gene in growth regulation. It is also indicative that other genes, such as IRAK3 and MSRB3 might have of role in weight gain and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Dória
- Genetics Service, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200, Porto, Portugal. .,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde - i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Daniela Alves
- Department of Pediatrics, São João Hospital Centre - CHSJ, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria João Pinho
- Genetics Service, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde - i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joel Pinto
- Genetics Service, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde - i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Leão
- Genetics Service, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Medical Genetics, São João Hospital Centre, - CHSJ, Porto, Portugal
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High mobility group A2 (HMGA2) promotes EMT via MAPK pathway in prostate cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 504:196-202. [PMID: 30177390 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that High mobility group A2 (HMGA2), a non-histone protein, can promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which plays a critical role in prostate cancer progression and metastasis. Interestingly, full-length or wild-type HMGA2 and truncated (lacking the 3'UTR) HMGA2 isoforms are overexpressed in several cancers. However, there are no studies investigating the expression and differential roles of WT vs truncated HMGA2 isoforms in prostate cancer. Immunohistochemical staining of prostate tissue microarray revealed low membrane expression in normal epithelial prostate cells, and that expression increased with tumor grade as well as a switch from predominantly cytoplasmic HMGA2 in lower tumor grades, to mostly nuclear in high grade and bone metastatic tissue. LNCaP cells stably overexpressing wild-type HMGA2 displayed nuclear localization of HMGA2 and induction of EMT associated with increased Snail, Twist and vimentin expression compared to LNCaP Neo control cells, as shown by immunofluorescence and western blot analyses. This was associated with increased cell migration on collagen shown using boyden chamber assay. Conversely, LNCaP cells overexpressing truncated HMGA2 showed cytoplasmic HMGA2 expression that did not induce EMT yet displayed increased cell proliferation and migration compared to LNCaP Neo. Both wild-type and truncated HMGA2 increased levels of phospho-ERK, and interestingly, treatment with U0126, MAPK inhibitor, antagonized wild-type HMGA2-mediated EMT and cell migration, but did not affect truncated HMGA2-mediated cell proliferation or migration. Therefore, although both wild-type and truncated HMGA2 may promote prostate tumor progression, wild-type HMGA2 acts by inducing EMT via MAPK pathway.
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Quan J, Ding R, Wang X, Yang M, Yang Y, Zheng E, Gu T, Cai G, Wu Z, Liu D, Yang J. Genome-wide association study reveals genetic loci and candidate genes for average daily gain in Duroc pigs. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2017; 31:480-488. [PMID: 29059722 PMCID: PMC5838319 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.17.0356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective Average daily gain (ADG) is an important target trait of pig breeding programs. We aimed to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genomic regions that are associated with ADG in the Duroc pig population. Methods We performed a genome-wide association study involving 390 Duroc boars and by using the PorcineSNP60K Beadchip and two linear models. Results After quality control, we detected 3,5971 SNPs, which included seven SNPs that are significantly associated with the ADG of pigs. We identified six quantitative trait loci (QTL) regions for ADG. These QTLs included four previously reported QTLs on Sus scrofa chromosome (SSC) 1, SSC5, SSC9, and SSC13, as well as two novel QTLs on SSC6 and SSC16. In addition, we selected six candidate genes (general transcription factor 3C polypeptide 5, high mobility group AT-hook 2, nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, oligodendrocyte transcription factor 1, pleckstrin homology and RhoGEF domain containing G4B, and ENSSSCG00000031548) associated with ADG on the basis of their physiological roles and positional information. These candidate genes are involved in skeletal muscle cell differentiation, diet-induced obesity, and nervous system development. Conclusion This study contributes to the identification of the casual mutation that underlies QTLs associated with ADG and to future pig breeding programs based on marker-assisted selection. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role of the identified candidate genes in the physiological processes involved in ADG regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Quan
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Rongrong Ding
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xingwang Wang
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ming Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Wens Foodstuffs Co., Ltd, Yunfu 527400, China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Enqin Zheng
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ting Gu
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Gengyuan Cai
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Wens Foodstuffs Co., Ltd, Yunfu 527400, China
| | - Zhenfang Wu
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Wens Foodstuffs Co., Ltd, Yunfu 527400, China
| | - Dewu Liu
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Value and limitation of immunohistochemical expression of HMGA2 in mesenchymal tumors: about a series of 1052 cases. Mod Pathol 2010; 23:1657-66. [PMID: 20834238 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2010.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The high mobility group A (HMGA2) gene encodes a protein that alters chromatin structure and regulates the transcription of many genes; it is implicated in both benign and malignant neoplasias, but its rearrangements are a feature of development of several mesenchymal tumors. Given its implication in these tumors and particularly adipocytic tumors, and the availability of antibodies usable on paraffin-embedded tissues, we evaluated the immunohistochemical expression of this gene in a series of 1052 mesenchymal tumors. The objective was to define the value and limitations of HMGA2 immunohistochemical expression for histotyping, and compare with molecular data reported in the literature. We thus analyzed 880 cases on tissue microarray and 182 cases on whole sections (211 adipocytic tumors, 628 sarcomas, 213 benign mesenchymal tumors, and 10 normal adipose tissues). A nuclear immunostaining was detected in 86% of conventional and intramuscular lipomas, in 86% of well-differentiated liposarcomas and in 67% of dedifferentiated liposarcomas, as opposed to 16% of other benign adipose tumors and to 15% of non-well-differentiated liposarcoma/dedifferentiated liposarcoma sarcomas. Among benign mesenchymal tumors and lesions, it was detected in 90% of nodular fasciitis and in 88% of benign fibrous histiocytomas with respective specificities of 85 and 100%, and in 90% of aggressive angiomyxoma, contrary to other vulvovaginal tumor types, which expressed HMGA2 only rarely. The normal adipose tissue was always negative for HMGA2. Although not specific, immunohistochemical detection of the HMGA2 protein is helpful for the distinction of normal adipose tissue from well-differentiated lesions, particularly on biopsy or on re-excision. It is less sensitive than MDM2/CDK4 for dedifferentiated liposarcomas diagnosis, but it appears more specific to distinguish dedifferentiated liposarcomas from other poorly differentiated sarcomas. Finally, and may be more importantly, HMGA2 is useful for the diagnosis of benign fibrous histiocytoma, nodular fasciitis and vulvovaginal benign mesenchymal tumors.
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Bartuma H, Panagopoulos I, Collin A, Trombetta D, Domanski HA, Mandahl N, Mertens F. Expression levels of HMGA2 in adipocytic tumors correlate with morphologic and cytogenetic subgroups. Mol Cancer 2009; 8:36. [PMID: 19508721 PMCID: PMC2702300 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-8-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The HMGA2 gene encodes a protein that alters chromatin structure. Deregulation, typically through chromosomal rearrangements, of HMGA2 has an important role in the development of several mesenchymal neoplasms. These rearrangements result in the expression of a truncated protein lacking the acidic C-terminus, a fusion protein consisting of the AT-hook domains encoded by exons 1–3 and parts from another gene, or a full-length protein; loss of binding sites for regulatory microRNA molecules from the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of HMGA2 has been suggested to be a common denominator. Methods Seventy adipocytic tumors, representing different morphologic and cytogenetic subgroups, were analyzed by qRT-PCR to study the expression status of HMGA2; 18 of these tumors were further examined by PCR to search for mutations or deletions in the 3'UTR. Results Type (full-length or truncated) and level of expression varied with morphology and karyotype, with the highest levels in atypical lipomatous tumors and lipomas with rearrangements of 12q13-15 and the lowest in lipomas with 6p- or 13q-rearrangements, hibernomas, spindle cell lipomas and myxoid liposarcomas. All 18 examined tumors showed reduced or absent expression of the entire, or parts of, the 3'UTR, which was not due to mutations at the DNA level. Conclusion In adipocytic tumors with deregulated HMGA2 expression, the 3'UTR is consistently lost, either due to physical disruption of HMGA2 or a shift to production of shorter 3'UTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammurabi Bartuma
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
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Refinement of the 12q14 microdeletion syndrome: primordial dwarfism and developmental delay with or without osteopoikilosis. Eur J Hum Genet 2009; 17:1141-7. [PMID: 19277063 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2009.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In their studies on the molecular basis of osteopoikilosis, Menten et al have identified three individuals with microdeletions on chromosome 12q14.4, which removed several genes including LEMD3, the osteopoikilosis gene. In addition to osteopoikilosis, affected individuals had growth retardation and developmental delay. We now report a smaller 12q14.4 microdeletion in a boy with severe pre and postnatal growth failure, and mild developmental delay; the patient was small at birth and presented with poor feeding and failure to thrive during the first 2 years of life, similar to the phenotype of primordial dwarfism or severe Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS). The 12q14 deletion did not include LEMD3, and no signs of osteopoikilosis were observed on skeletal radiographs. Among the deleted genes, HMGA2 is of particular interest in relationship to the aberrant somatic growth in our patient, as HMGA2 variants have been linked to stature variations in the general population and loss of function of Hmga2 in the mouse results in the pygmy phenotype that combines pre and postnatal growth failure, with resistance to the adipogenic effect of overfeeding. Sequencing of the remaining HMGA2 allele in our patient showed a normal sequence, suggesting that HMGA2 haploinsufficiency may be sufficient to produce the aberrant growth phenotype. We conclude that the 12q14.4 microdeletion syndrome can occur with or without deletion of LEMD3 gene; in LEMD3-intact cases, the phenotype includes primordial short stature and failure to thrive with moderate developmental delay, but osteopoikilosis is absent. Such cases will likely be diagnosed as Silver-Russell-like or as primordial dwarfism.
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Lee YS, Dutta A. The tumor suppressor microRNA let-7 represses the HMGA2 oncogene. Genes Dev 2007; 21:1025-30. [PMID: 17437991 PMCID: PMC1855228 DOI: 10.1101/gad.1540407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 926] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2007] [Accepted: 03/08/2007] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
HMGA2, a high-mobility group protein, is oncogenic in a variety of tumors, including benign mesenchymal tumors and lung cancers. Knockdown of Dicer in HeLa cells revealed that the HMGA2 gene is transcriptionally active, but its mRNA is destabilized in the cytoplasm through the microRNA (miRNA) pathway. HMGA2 was derepressed upon inhibition of let-7 in cells with high levels of the miRNA. Ectopic expression of let-7 reduced HMGA2 and cell proliferation in a lung cancer cell. The effect of let-7 on HMGA2 was dependent on multiple target sites in the 3' untranslated region (UTR), and the growth-suppressive effect of let-7 on lung cancer cells was rescued by overexpression of the HMGA2 ORF without a 3'UTR. Our results provide a novel example of suppression of an oncogene by a tumor-suppressive miRNA and suggest that some tumors activate the oncogene through chromosomal translocations that eliminate the oncogene's 3'UTR with the let-7 target sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Sun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Anindya Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
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Queimado L, Lopes CS, Reis AMC. WIF1, an inhibitor of the Wnt pathway, is rearranged in salivary gland tumors. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2007; 46:215-25. [PMID: 17171686 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome rearrangements involving 12q13-15 are frequent among several tumors, including pleomorphic adenomas. The common molecular target for these aberrations is the HMGA2 gene, but various fusion partners of HMGA2 have been reported in tumors. Here we report the identification of the WNT inhibitory factor 1 (WIF1) gene as a novel HMGA2 fusion partner in a salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma. In normal salivary gland tissue WIF1 is expressed at a high level and HMGA2 is not expressed. However, in the pleomorphic adenoma expressing the HMGA2/WIF1 fusion transcript, we observed re-expression of HMGA2 wild-type transcripts and very low levels of WIF1 expression. These data suggest a possible synergistic effect between upregulation of HMGA2 and downregulation of WIF1. We screened 13 additional benign and malignant salivary gland tumors and detected WIF1 rearrangement in one out of two carcinomas ex-pleomorphic adenoma analyzed. In this malignant tumor, the rearrangement of one WIF1 allele coexists with loss of the other allele, a classic signature of a tumor suppressor gene. WIF1 is an antagonist of the Wnt signaling pathway, which plays a critical role in human cancer. In transgenic mouse models, Wnt activation leads to a high frequency of benign and malignant salivary gland tumors. To our knowledge, this is the first report suggesting that WIF1 is a recurrent target in human salivary gland oncogenesis and that downregulation of WIF1 plays a role in the development and/or progression of pleomorphic adenomas.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
- Adenoma, Pleomorphic/genetics
- Adenoma, Pleomorphic/metabolism
- Adenoma, Pleomorphic/pathology
- Alleles
- Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic/genetics
- Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic/pathology
- Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid/genetics
- Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid/metabolism
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- HMGA2 Protein/genetics
- HMGA2 Protein/metabolism
- Humans
- Myoepithelioma/genetics
- Myoepithelioma/metabolism
- Myoepithelioma/pathology
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- Salivary Gland Neoplasms/genetics
- Salivary Gland Neoplasms/metabolism
- Salivary Gland Neoplasms/pathology
- Salivary Glands/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Wnt Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Wnt Proteins/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Lurdes Queimado
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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Lin HH, Xiong Y, Ho YS, Zhou B, Nguyen HV, Deng H, Lee R, Yen Y, Borok Z, Ann DK. Transcriptional regulation by targeted expression of architectural transcription factor high mobility group A2 in salivary glands of transgenic mice. Eur J Oral Sci 2007; 115:30-9. [PMID: 17305714 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2007.00421.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
High mobility group A2 (HMGA2) protein is a non-histone architectural transcription factor. Numerous studies have demonstrated that HMGA2 is exclusively expressed in the nucleus of embryonic, but not of terminally differentiated, cells, and aberrant expression of HMGA2 is associated with various benign tumors, including pleomorphic salivary adenoma. Herein, we report the use of a 4.5-kb enhancer/promoter region of the aquaporin-5 (AQP-5) gene to target HMGA2 transgene expression in the mouse salivary acinar cells as a model to investigate the biochemical and biological role of ectopic HMGA2 expression. The expression pattern was analyzed by microarray analyses to profile HMGA2-dependent salivary gene regulation. By using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays, the expression of a cluster of genes involved in cytokine signaling, including Il7r, Il2rg, and Ptprc, was verified to be up-regulated in the salivary glands of AQP-5/HMGA2 mice. In concert, the expression of a cluster of genes, namely Ppara, Phyh, and Cidea, governing fatty acid and lipid metabolism, was confirmed to be down-regulated by HMGA2. Additionally, squamous carcinoma-like salivary tumors were observed in the AQP-5/HMGA2 transgenic mice, albeit at a low incidence. Our findings indicate that the AQP-5 promoter/enhancer-containing region is sufficient to target salivary-specific transgene expression and suggest novel roles for HMGA2 in salivary epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Helen Lin
- Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Inoue N, Izui-Sarumaru T, Murakami Y, Endo Y, Nishimura JI, Kurokawa K, Kuwayama M, Shime H, Machii T, Kanakura Y, Meyers G, Wittwer C, Chen Z, Babcock W, Frei-Lahr D, Parker CJ, Kinoshita T. Molecular basis of clonal expansion of hematopoiesis in 2 patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). Blood 2006; 108:4232-6. [PMID: 16940417 PMCID: PMC1895453 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-05-025148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic mutation of PIGA in hematopoietic stem cells causes deficiency of glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) that underlies the intravascular hemolysis but does not account for expansion of the PNH clone. Immune mechanisms may mediate clonal selection but appear insufficient to account for the clonal dominance necessary for PNH to become clinically apparent. Herein, we report 2 patients with PNH whose PIGA-mutant cells had a concurrent, acquired rearrangement of chromosome 12. In both cases, der(12) had a break within the 3' untranslated region of HMGA2, the architectural transcription factor gene deregulated in many benign mesenchymal tumors, that caused ectopic expression of HMGA2 in the bone marrow. These observations suggest that aberrant HMGA2 expression, in concert with mutant PIGA, accounts for clonal hematopoiesis in these 2 patients and suggest the concept of PNH as a benign tumor of the bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norimitsu Inoue
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer, Japan
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Nilsson M, Mertens F, Höglund M, Mandahl N, Panagopoulos I. Truncation and fusion of HMGA2 in lipomas with rearrangements of 5q32-->q33 and 12q14-->q15. Cytogenet Genome Res 2006; 112:60-6. [PMID: 16276091 DOI: 10.1159/000087514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2005] [Accepted: 03/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome segment 12q13-->q15 recombines with many different chromosome bands in lipomas and at least ten recurrent translocations have been identified. The HMGA2 gene is often rearranged, but little is known about the molecular consequences at other breakpoints. Fusion genes between HMGA2 (12q14-->q15) and LPP (3q27-->q28), LHFP (13q12) and CMKOR1 (2q37) have been reported. In the present study, eight lipomas with rearrangements involving chromosome bands 12q14-->q15 and 5q32-->q33 were analyzed. In chromosome 5, five of the cases had a breakpoint in the 5' part of EBF in 5q33, while three cases had breakpoints located about 200 kb 3' of EBF. In chromosome 12, the breakpoints clustered to the region of HMGA2. Four cases had breaks within the gene and four had breaks 5' to HMGA2 where the gene BC058822 is located. Two versions of an HMGA2/EBF fusion transcript were detected in one case; one transcript was in frame and the other out of frame. Identical EBF/BC058822 fusion transcripts, seen in two cases, one of which also had the HMGA2/EBF transcript, were out of frame and resulted in truncation of EBF. Since EBF and HMGA2 have different orientations, the findings must be explained by complex aberrations including multiple breaks. The combined data indicate that the pathogenetically significant event is fusion, truncation or transcriptional activation of HMGA2, but it can not be excluded that EBF, which has been implicated in adipogenesis, contributes to the tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Nilsson M, Panagopoulos I, Mertens F, Mandahl N. Fusion of the HMGA2 and NFIB genes in lipoma. Virchows Arch 2005; 447:855-8. [PMID: 16133369 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-005-0037-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2005] [Accepted: 06/21/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The major cytogenetic subgroup of lipomas is characterized by aberrations of chromosome segment 12q13-15, which recombines with a large number of other chromosomal regions. The gene HMGA2 is the main target in these aberrations. For some recurrent rearrangements, chimeric transcripts, including the 5' part of HMGA2, have been described. The 3' partners identified are LPP, LHFP, CMKOR1, and EBF. In addition, subsets of other benign solid tumors show aberrations of 12q13-15. Among pleomorphic adenomas of the salivary glands, where the preferred recombination partner with 12q13-15 is 9p22-24, an HMGA2/NFIB fusion gene has been reported. In the present study, two cases of lipoma with rearrangements of 9p22-24 and 12q15 were analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to find out if HMGA2/NFIB was also present in lipoma. An in-frame fusion transcript, combining the four first exons of HMGA2 with exon 8 of NFIB, was detected in one case. It was identical to a transcript that was previously described in salivary gland adenoma and contained a stop codon shortly 3' of the fusion point. The finding of the same fusion gene in different tumors is not unique. For example, HMGA2/LPP has been reported in lipoma, pulmonary chondroid hamartoma, and soft tissue chondroma. Since similar 9;12 translocations have been described also in rare cases of hamartoma and uterine leiomyoma, the occurrence of HMGA2/NFIB could be postulated in these tumors as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
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Odero MD, Grand FH, Iqbal S, Ross F, Roman JP, Vizmanos JL, Andrieux J, Laï JL, Calasanz MJ, Cross NCP. Disruption and aberrant expression of HMGA2 as a consequence of diverse chromosomal translocations in myeloid malignancies. Leukemia 2005; 19:245-52. [PMID: 15618963 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2403605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal translocations that target HMGA2 at chromosome band 12q14 are seen in a variety of malignancies, notably lipoma, pleomorphic salivary adenoma and uterine leiomyoma. Although some HMGA2 fusion genes have been reported, several lines of evidence suggest that the critical pathogenic event is the expression of truncated HMGA2 isoforms. We report here the involvement of HMGA2 in six patients with myeloid neoplasia, dysplastic features and translocations or an inversion involving chromosome bands 12q13-15 and either 7p12, 8q22, 11q23, 12p11, 14q31 or 20q11. Breaks within or very close to HMGA2 were found in all six cases by molecular cytogenetic analysis, leading to overexpression of this gene as assessed by RT-PCR. Truncated transcripts consisting of HMGA2 exons 1-2 or exons 1-3 spliced to intron-derived sequences were identified in two patients, but were not seen in controls. These findings suggest that abnormalities of HMGA2 play an important and previously unsuspected role in myelodysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Odero
- Department of Genetics, School of Science, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Ligon AH, Moore SDP, Parisi MA, Mealiffe ME, Harris DJ, Ferguson HL, Quade BJ, Morton CC. Constitutional rearrangement of the architectural factor HMGA2: a novel human phenotype including overgrowth and lipomas. Am J Hum Genet 2005; 76:340-8. [PMID: 15593017 PMCID: PMC1196379 DOI: 10.1086/427565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2004] [Accepted: 11/17/2004] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Although somatic mutations in a number of genes have been associated with development of human tumors, such as lipomas, relatively few examples exist of germline mutations in these genes. Here we describe an 8-year-old boy who has a de novo pericentric inversion of chromosome 12, with breakpoints at p11.22 and q14.3, and a phenotype including extreme somatic overgrowth, advanced endochondral bone and dental ages, a cerebellar tumor, and multiple lipomas. His chromosomal inversion was found to truncate HMGA2, a gene that encodes an architectural factor involved in the etiology of many benign mesenchymal tumors and that maps to the 12q14.3 breakpoint. Similar truncations of murine Hmga2 in transgenic mice result in somatic overgrowth and, in particular, increased abundance of fat and lipomas, features strikingly similar to those observed in the child. This represents the first report of a constitutional rearrangement affecting HMGA2 and demonstrates the role of this gene in human growth and development. Systematic genetic analysis and clinical studies of this child may offer unique insights into the role of HMGA2 in adipogenesis, osteogenesis, and general growth control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azra H Ligon
- Department of Pathology, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Sandberg AA. Updates on the cytogenetics and molecular genetics of bone and soft tissue tumors: lipoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 150:93-115. [PMID: 15066317 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2003.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2003] [Revised: 12/22/2003] [Accepted: 12/24/2003] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Avery A Sandberg
- Department of DNA Diagnostics, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 350 West Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA.
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