t(X;4)(q22;q31.3) in giant cell reparative granuloma

Recurrent case of central giant cell granuloma with multiple soft tissue involvement

Central giant cell granuloma is a fairly common lesion in the jaws aetiology of which is still completely unknown but thought to be of a reactive process to some unknown stimuli. It usually arises either peripherally in periodontal ligament, mucoperiosteum, or centrally in the bone. The histological hallmark for both peripheral and central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is the presence of distinctive multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) in a prominent fibrous stroma. Central giant cell granuloma is an uncommon benign proliferative lesion that almost exclusively occurs within the jaw. Eventually, it may become aggressive leading to the expansion and perforation of cortex resulting into mobility and displacement of teeth with root resorption. The present case focuses on the dilemma and perplexity in diagnosing aggressive CGCGs, due to its close proximity with respect to pathology, behavior and prognosis from giant cell tumors (GCT). Central giant cell granuloma persuaded extensive destruction to the hard and soft tissues with high rate of recurrence encourage us the need of exploring the possibilities of giant cell tumors having a definitive presence in the jaws.

Fibrous dysplasia and central giant cell granuloma: a report of hybrid lesion with its review and hypotheticated pathogenesis

Benign fibro-osseous lesions (BFOLS) of the jaws are a wide array of lesions that actually represent distinct phases of a single benign morphological process. These lesions share certain histopathological features which are in common with giant cell containing lesions, which include central giant cell granulomas (CGCGs). The association of BFOLS and CGCG has to be critically evaluated, pertaining to their clinical, radiologic and histologic features. Many pathologists diagnose these types of lesions, considering only one of the prominent features. Eventually, surgeons end up treating these lesions inadequately. This ambiguity may be because of very small number of cases have been reported in the literature, with uncertain clinical, radiologic and histologic features. We are reporting a case of fibrous dysplasia (FD) which was associated with a central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) and discussing the hypothetical pathogenesis of giant cells.

Central Giant Cell Granuloma of the Jaws: A Clinical Study of 17 Cases and a Review of the Literature

Objectives:

The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the outcome of treatment of a group of 17 patients with central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) who were treated in our clinic.

Methods:

A group of 17 patients with CGCG were treated in the Clinic of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the “G. Papanikolaou” hospital in Thessaloniki. The age range was from 7 to 60 years. Eight patients were male and 9 patients were female. Because most of our patients (11) were less than 30 years old, the aim of the treatment was to eradicate the lesions without functional problems. All of the patients were treated by excision via curettage without a continuity defect and peripheral osteotomy. For 2 patients, the treatment was continued (after the first recurrence) with salmon calcitonin.

Results:

The follow-ups ranged from 1 to 15 years. All of the patients were free of the disease, without features of recurrence and without functional or aesthetic problems.

Conclusions:

Surgery has usually been considered to be the best method of treatment for CGCG. Most authors have proposed conservative surgical procedures (excision via curettage), especially for young patients. For aggressive lesions, supplementary treatment with calcitonin would provide good results.

Giant cell reparative granuloma of the proximal tibia: a case report

Giant cell reparative granulomas (GCRGs) are non-neoplastic inflammatory lesions, usually of the jaw or gingiva or small bones of the hands and feet. We report one such case in the right proximal tibia of a 45-year-old man. Radiological studies showed a lytic lesion with marginal sclerosis in the epiphysis and metaphysis. After open biopsy, a preliminary diagnosis of a benign giant cell tumour was made. One month after admission, the lesion was curetted and filled with cancellous bone and hydroxyapatite. Based on the histology of the curetted lesion, the diagnosis was changed to a GCRG. The patient had an uneventful postoperative course, with no evidence of local recurrence and metastasis. He died from gastric cancer 2 years later.

Central giant cell granuloma of the posterior maxilla: a case report

Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG), formerly called giant cell reparative granuloma, is a non-neoplastic proliferative lesion of unknown etiol-ogy. It occurs most commonly in the mandible. The case reported here resembled a wide variety of conditions that led to a misdiagnosis both on clinical and radiographic examinations but was histopathologically diagnosed as CGCG. We describe a case of CGCG arising from the poste-rior maxilla to highlight the importance of histo-pathology in the diagnosis of this enigmatic le-sion.

Giant cell reparative granuloma: a comparative clinicopathologic study of lesions in gnathic and extragnathic sites

This study attempts to define the clinicopathologic aspects of extragnathic giant cell reparative granuloma (GCRG) by contrasting it with the much better recognized GCRG of jaw bones and highlights the manifestations that are unique to the extragnathic localization. Ninety-one GCRGs of 89 patients, 22 in jaw bones and 69 in the extragnathic bones, were examined. Females were affected twice as frequently as males in both groups. The age distribution of extragnathic GCRGs overlaps that of gnathic counterparts. Small bones of the hands (17 lesions) and feet (16 lesions) were the most common sites for extragnathic lesions. The radiographic findings were nonspecific. Histology of extragnathic lesions was closely similar to that of lesions affecting the jaw. These giant cell lesions should be distinguished from giant cell tumors. Int J Surg Pathol 9(3):189-200, 2001