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Al-Shabib NA, Khan JM, Malik A, Alamri A, Rehman MT, AlAjmi MF, Husain FM. Probing the interaction mechanisms between sunset yellow dye and trypsin protein leading to amorphous aggregation under low pH conditions. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130442. [PMID: 38417745 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Protein aggregation poses a significant concern in the field of food sciences, and various factors, such as synthetic food dyes, can contribute to protein aggregation. One such dye, Sunset Yellow (SY), is commonly employed in the food industry. Trypsin was used as a model protein to assess the impact of SY. We employed several biophysical techniques to examine the binding and aggregation mechanisms between SY and trypsin at different pHs. Results from intrinsic fluorescence measurements indicate a stronger interaction between SY and trypsin at pH 2.0 compared to pH 6.0. Turbidity data reveal trypsin aggregation in the presence of 0.05-3.0 mM SY at pH 2.0, while no aggregation was observed at pH 6.0. Kinetic data demonstrate a rapid, lag-phase-free SY-induced aggregation of trypsin. Circular dichroism analysis reveals that trypsin adopts a secondary structure in the presence of SY at pH 6.0, whereas at pH 2.0, the secondary structure was nearly lost with increasing SY concentrations. Furthermore, turbidity and kinetics data suggest that trypsin aggregation depends on trypsin concentrations and pH. Our study highlights potential health risks associated with the consumption of SY, providing insights into its impact on human health and emphasizing the necessity for further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Abdulatif Al-Shabib
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed Masood Khan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ajamaluddin Malik
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alamri
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Tabish Rehman
- King Saud University, Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed F AlAjmi
- King Saud University, Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fohad Mabood Husain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Wankhede NL, Kale MB, Upaganlawar AB, Taksande BG, Umekar MJ, Behl T, Abdellatif AAH, Bhaskaran PM, Dachani SR, Sehgal A, Singh S, Sharma N, Makeen HA, Albratty M, Dailah HG, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Bungau S. Involvement of molecular chaperone in protein-misfolding brain diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 147:112647. [PMID: 35149361 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein misfolding causes aggregation and build-up in a variety of brain diseases. There are numeral molecules that are linked with the protein homeostasis mechanism. Molecular chaperones are one of such molecules that are responsible for protection against protein misfolded and aggregation-induced neurotoxicity. Many studies have explored the participation of molecular chaperones in Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's diseases. In this review, we highlighted the constructive role of molecular chaperones in neurological diseases characterized by protein misfolding and aggregation and their capability to control aberrant protein interactions at an early stage thus successfully suppressing pathogenic cascades. A comprehensive understanding of the protein misfolding associated with brain diseases and the molecular basis of involvement of chaperone against aggregation-induced cellular stress might lead to the progress of new therapeutic intrusion-related to protein misfolding and aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitu L Wankhede
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mayur B Kale
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aman B Upaganlawar
- SNJB's Shriman Sureshdada Jain College of Pharmacy, Neminagar, Chandwad, Nasik, Maharashta, India
| | - Brijesh G Taksande
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Milind J Umekar
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Ahmed A H Abdellatif
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Sudarshan Reddy Dachani
- Department of Pharmacy Practice & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University (Al-Dawadmi Campus), Al-Dawadmi, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Hafiz A Makeen
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Jazan university, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamed Ghaleb Dailah
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman; School of Health Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- School of Health Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania.
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3
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Rezaei Kamelabad M, Jahanbin Sardroodi J, Rastkar Ebrahimzadeh A, Ajamgard M. Influence of curcumin and rosmarinic acid on disrupting the general properties of Alpha-Synuclein oligomer: Molecular dynamics simulation. J Mol Graph Model 2021; 107:107963. [PMID: 34147836 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2021.107963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-Synuclein (αS) is a protein involved in Parkinson's disease (PD) and is probably the main cause of the pathology of the disease. During pathogenesis, αS monomers aggregate, leading to the formation of a variety of oligomeric species. Recent research studies suggest that the oligomeric toxic species may be one of the main processes for pathology and disease. Here, we studied influence of two natural polyphenolic compounds, Curcumin (CUR) and Rosmarinic acid (RA), on disrupting the general properties of αS oligomer by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation method. The hydrophobic central domain of αS (NAC), is the most essential district responsible for protein self-aggregation; so, in this study, our systems have been developed to form a quintuplet NAC region of αS called 5mer; they have 10 and 20 CUR and RA molecules and a 5mer with no ligand. The several important and efficient analyzes were performed to investigate the effect of ligands on the structural properties of αS oligomers. The results indicated that both ligands can be successful in disrupting the original structure of αS oligomers; therefore, they can be considered suitable candidates for designing Parkinson's drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahrokh Rezaei Kamelabad
- Molecular Simulation Laboratory (MSL), Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran; Molecular Sciences and Engineering Research Group (MSERG), Iran
| | - Jaber Jahanbin Sardroodi
- Molecular Simulation Laboratory (MSL), Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran; Molecular Sciences and Engineering Research Group (MSERG), Iran.
| | - Alireza Rastkar Ebrahimzadeh
- Molecular Simulation Laboratory (MSL), Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Physics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran; Molecular Sciences and Engineering Research Group (MSERG), Iran
| | - Marzieh Ajamgard
- Molecular Simulation Laboratory (MSL), Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran; Molecular Sciences and Engineering Research Group (MSERG), Iran
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4
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Nam EJ, Kwon Y, Ha Y, Paik SR. Fabrication of a Dual Stimuli-Responsive Assorted Film Comprising Magnetic- and Gold-Nanoparticles with a Self-Assembly Protein of α-Synuclein. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:1863-1875. [PMID: 35014532 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Development of sensing elements for controllable soft materials is crucial to improve their responsiveness toward remotely provided external stimuli. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been coassembled into a flexible free-floating 2D film to produce a shape deformable mobile structure in the presence of magnetic field and light irradiation by employing a self-assembly protein of α-synuclein (αS). αS was demonstrated to be essential for the preparation of a multisensory system because the intrinsically disordered protein led to a complete dispersion of MNPs to an average size of 10 nm in aqueous solution, pH-dependent closely packed single layer adsorption of αS-MNPs, and α-helix-mediated free-floating MNP monolayer film formation upon dissolving the underlying polycarbonate substrate with chloroform. As AuNPs were incorporated into the assorted hybrid film in the presence of MNPs, however, the β-sheet component became prominent. By placing the assorted film between a spin-coated thin layer of thermoresponsive P(AAc-co-NIPAAm) hydrogel comprising acrylic acid and N-isopropylacrylamide and a passive layer of silicone elastomer, the resulting triply structure exhibited not only magnet-induced locomotion but also shape deformation due to asymmetric contraction of the sandwiching two layers caused by the heat generated by AuNPs upon near IR irradiation. In fact, two adjoining planar layers of another triply structure were shown to form a three-dimensional lotus flower with the light. This multisensory system is suggested to be further functionalized by modifying the αS molecules and incorporating additional nanoparticles to react to diverse stimuli, which would make the system be utilized in the areas of not only soft robotics but also foldable electronics, high-performance sensors/actuators, and medical/wearable applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jeong Nam
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yeji Kwon
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yosub Ha
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seung R Paik
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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5
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Bhak G, Méndez-Ardoy A, Escobedo A, Salvatella X, Montenegro J. An Adhesive Peptide from the C-Terminal Domain of α-Synuclein for Single-Layer Adsorption of Nanoparticles onto Substrates. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:2759-2766. [PMID: 33170662 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The two-dimensional (2D) homogeneous assembly of nanoparticle monolayer arrays onto a broad range of substrates constitutes an important challenge for chemistry, nanotechnology, and material science. α-Synuclein (αS) is an intrinsically disordered protein associated with neuronal protein complexes and has a high degree of structural plasticity and chaperone activity. The C-terminal domain of αS has been linked to the noncovalent interactions of this protein with biological targets and the activity of αS in presynaptic connections. Herein, we have systematically studied peptide fragments of the chaperone-active C-terminal sequence of αS and identified a 17-residue peptide that preserves the versatile binding nature of αS. Attachment of this short peptide to gold nanoparticles afforded colloidally stable nanoparticle suspensions that allowed the homogeneous 2D adhesion of the conjugates onto a wide variety of surfaces, including the formation of crystalline nanoparticle superlattices. The peptide sequence and the strategy reported here describe a new adhesive molecule for the controlled monolayer adhesion of metal nanoparticles and sets a stepping-stone toward the potential application of the adhesive properties of αS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghibom Bhak
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alejandro Méndez-Ardoy
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Albert Escobedo
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Joint BSC-IRB Research Programme in Computational Biology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Salvatella
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Joint BSC-IRB Research Programme in Computational Biology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Montenegro
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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6
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Marvian AT, Koss DJ, Aliakbari F, Morshedi D, Outeiro TF. In vitro models of synucleinopathies: informing on molecular mechanisms and protective strategies. J Neurochem 2019; 150:535-565. [PMID: 31004503 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) is a central player in Parkinson's disease (PD) and in a spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases collectively known as synucleinopathies. The protein was first associated with PD just over 20 years ago, when it was found to (i) be a major component of Lewy bodies and (ii) to be also associated with familial forms of PD. The characterization of α-Syn pathology has been achieved through postmortem studies of human brains. However, the identification of toxic mechanisms associated with α-Syn was only achieved through the use of experimental models. In vitro models are highly accessible, enable relatively rapid studies, and have been extensively employed to address α-Syn-associated neurodegeneration. Given the diversity of models used and the outcomes of the studies, a cumulative and comprehensive perspective emerges as indispensable to pave the way for further investigations. Here, we subdivided in vitro models of α-Syn pathology into three major types: (i) models simulating α-Syn fibrillization and the formation of different aggregated structures in vitro, (ii) models based on the intracellular expression of α-Syn, reporting on pathogenic conditions and cellular dysfunctions induced, and (iii) models using extracellular treatment with α-Syn aggregated species, reporting on sites of interaction and their downstream consequences. In summary, we review the underlying molecular mechanisms discovered and categorize protective strategies, in order to pave the way for future studies and the identification of effective therapeutic strategies. This article is part of the Special Issue "Synuclein".
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Tayaranian Marvian
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - David J Koss
- Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Farhang Aliakbari
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dina Morshedi
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tiago Fleming Outeiro
- Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.,Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Göttingen, Germany.,University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
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7
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Oliveri V. Toward the discovery and development of effective modulators of α-synuclein amyloid aggregation. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 167:10-36. [PMID: 30743095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A host of human diseases, including Parkinson's disease and Dementia with Lewy bodies, are suspected to be directly linked to protein aggregation. Amyloid protein aggregates and oligomeric intermediates of α-synuclein are observed in synucleinopathies and considered to be mediators of cellular toxicity. Hence, α-synuclein has seen as one of the leading and most compelling targets and is receiving a great deal of attention from researchers. Nevertheless, there is no neuroprotective approach directed toward Parkinson's disease or other synucleinopathies so far. In this review, we summarize the available data concerning inhibitors of α-synuclein aggregation and their advancing towards clinical use. The compounds are grouped according to their chemical structures, providing respective insights into their mechanism of action, pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics. Overall, shared structure-activity elements are emerging, as well as specific binding modes related to the ability of the modulators to establish hydrophobic and hydrogen bonds interactions with the protein. Some molecules with encouraging in vivo data support the possibility of translation to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Oliveri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.
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8
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DJ-1, a Parkinson's disease related protein, aggregates under denaturing conditions and co-aggregates with α-synuclein through hydrophobic interaction. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:1759-1769. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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9
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Bhak G, Lee J, Kim CH, Chung DY, Kang JH, Oh S, Lee J, Kang JS, Yoo JM, Yang JE, Rhoo KY, Park S, Lee S, Nam KT, Jeon NL, Jang J, Hong BH, Sung YE, Yoon MH, Paik SR. High-Density Single-Layer Coating of Gold Nanoparticles onto Multiple Substrates by Using an Intrinsically Disordered Protein of α-Synuclein for Nanoapplications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:8519-8532. [PMID: 28248091 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b16411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Functional graffiti of nanoparticles onto target surface is an important issue in the development of nanodevices. A general strategy has been introduced here to decorate chemically diverse substrates with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in the form of a close-packed single layer by using an omni-adhesive protein of α-synuclein (αS) as conjugated with the particles. Since the adsorption was highly sensitive to pH, the amino acid sequence of αS exposed from the conjugates and its conformationally disordered state capable of exhibiting structural plasticity are considered to be responsible for the single-layer coating over diverse surfaces. Merited by the simple solution-based adsorption procedure, the particles have been imprinted to various geometric shapes in 2-D and physically inaccessible surfaces of 3-D objects. The αS-encapsulated AuNPs to form a high-density single-layer coat has been employed in the development of nonvolatile memory, fule-cell, solar-cell, and cell-culture platform, where the outlying αS has played versatile roles such as a dielectric layer for charge retention, a sacrificial layer to expose AuNPs for chemical catalysis, a reaction center for silicification, and biointerface for cell attachment, respectively. Multiple utilizations of the αS-based hybrid NPs, therefore, could offer great versatility to fabricate a variety of NP-integrated advanced materials which would serve as an indispensable component for widespread applications of high-performance nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chang-Hyun Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology , Gwangju 500-712, Korea
| | - Dong Young Chung
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science , Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | | | | | | | - Jin Soo Kang
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science , Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Ji Mun Yoo
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science , Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yung-Eun Sung
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science , Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Myung-Han Yoon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology , Gwangju 500-712, Korea
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10
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Yang JE, Hong JW, Kim J, Paik SR. Amyloid Polymorphism of α-Synuclein Induced by Active Firefly Luciferase. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2014. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2014.35.2.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Chaari A, Hoarau-Véchot J, Ladjimi M. Applying chaperones to protein-misfolding disorders: molecular chaperones against α-synuclein in Parkinson's disease. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 60:196-205. [PMID: 23748003 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of a protein called α-synuclein (α-syn) into inclusions known as lewy bodies (LB) within neurons. This accumulation is also due to insufficient formation and activity of dopamine produced in certain neurons within the substantia nigra. Lewy bodies are the pathological hallmark of the idiopathic disorder and the cascade that allows α-synuclein to misfold, aggregate and form these inclusions has been the subject of intensive research. Targeting these early steps of oligomerization is one of the main therapeutic approaches in order to develop neurodegenerative-modifying agents. Because the folding and refolding of alpha synuclein is the key point of this cascade, we are interested in this review to summarize the role of some molecular chaperones proteins such as Hsp70, Hsp90 and small heat shock proteins (sHsp) and Hsp 104. Hsp70 and its co-chaperone, Hsp70 and small heat shock proteins can prevent neurodegeneration by preventing α-syn misfolding, oligomerization and aggregation in vitro and in Parkinson disease animal models. Hsp104 is able to resolve disordered protein aggregates and cross beta amyloid conformers. Together, these chaperones have a complementary effect and can be a target for therapeutic intervention in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Chaari
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar.
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12
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Wong HE, Irwin JA, Kwon I. Halogenation generates effective modulators of amyloid-Beta aggregation and neurotoxicity. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57288. [PMID: 23468958 PMCID: PMC3585355 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Halogenation of organic compounds plays diverse roles in biochemistry, including selective chemical modification of proteins and improved oral absorption/blood-brain barrier permeability of drug candidates. Moreover, halogenation of aromatic molecules greatly affects aromatic interaction-mediated self-assembly processes, including amyloid fibril formation. Perturbation of the aromatic interaction caused by halogenation of peptide building blocks is known to affect the morphology and other physical properties of the fibrillar structure. Consequently, in this article, we investigated the ability of halogenated ligands to modulate the self-assembly of amyloidogenic peptide/protein. As a model system, we chose amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ), which is implicated in Alzheimer’s disease, and a novel modulator of Aβ aggregation, erythrosine B (ERB). Considering that four halogen atoms are attached to the xanthene benzoate group in ERB, we hypothesized that halogenation of the xanthene benzoate plays a critical role in modulating Aβ aggregation and cytotoxicity. Therefore, we evaluated the modulating capacities of four ERB analogs containing different types and numbers of halogen atoms as well as fluorescein as a negative control. We found that fluorescein is not an effective modulator of Aβ aggregation and cytotoxicity. However, halogenation of either the xanthenes or benzoate ring of fluorescein substantially enhanced the inhibitory capacity on Aβ aggregation. Such Aβ aggregation inhibition by ERB analogs except rose bengal correlated well to the inhibition of Aβ cytotoxicity. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating that halogenation of aromatic rings substantially enhance inhibitory capacities of small molecules on Aβ-associated neurotoxicity via Aβ aggregation modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Edward Wong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, Unites States of America
| | - Jacob A. Irwin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, Unites States of America
| | - Inchan Kwon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, Unites States of America
- Institutes on Aging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, Unites States of America
- * E-mail:
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13
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Irwin JA, Wong HE, Kwon I. Different Fates of Alzheimer’s Disease Amyloid-β Fibrils Remodeled by Biocompatible Small Molecules. Biomacromolecules 2012; 14:264-74. [DOI: 10.1021/bm3016994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A. Irwin
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and 2Institutes on Aging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4741, United
States
| | - H. Edward Wong
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and 2Institutes on Aging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4741, United
States
| | - Inchan Kwon
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and 2Institutes on Aging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4741, United
States
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14
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Wong HE, Kwon I. Xanthene food dye, as a modulator of Alzheimer's disease amyloid-beta peptide aggregation and the associated impaired neuronal cell function. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25752. [PMID: 21998691 PMCID: PMC3187789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. AD is a degenerative brain disorder that causes problems with memory, thinking and behavior. It has been suggested that aggregation of amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) is closely linked to the development of AD pathology. In the search for safe, effective modulators, we evaluated the modulating capabilities of erythrosine B (ER), a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved red food dye, on Aβ aggregation and Aβ-associated impaired neuronal cell function. Methodology/Principal Findings In order to evaluate the modulating ability of ER on Aβ aggregation, we employed transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence assay, and immunoassays using Aβ-specific antibodies. TEM images and ThT fluorescence of Aβ samples indicate that protofibrils are predominantly generated and persist for at least 3 days. The average length of the ER-induced protofibrils is inversely proportional to the concentration of ER above the stoichiometric concentration of Aβ monomers. Immunoassay results using Aβ-specific antibodies suggest that ER binds to the N-terminus of Aβ and inhibits amyloid fibril formation. In order to evaluate Aβ-associated toxicity we determined the reducing activity of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells treated with Aβ aggregates formed in the absence or in the presence of ER. As the concentration of ER increased above the stoichiometric concentration of Aβ, cellular reducing activity increased and Aβ-associated reducing activity loss was negligible at 500 µM ER. Conclusions/Significance Our findings show that ER is a novel modulator of Aβ aggregation and reduces Aβ-associated impaired cell function. Our findings also suggest that xanthene dye can be a new type of small molecule modulator of Aβ aggregation. With demonstrated safety profiles and blood-brain permeability, ER represents a particularly attractive aggregation modulator for amyloidogenic proteins associated with neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Edward Wong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Inchan Kwon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Institute on Aging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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15
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Real-time analysis of amyloid fibril formation of α-synuclein using a fibrillation-state-specific fluorescent probe of JC-1. Biochem J 2009; 418:311-23. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20081572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
α-Synuclein is a pathological component of PD (Parkinson's disease) by participating in Lewy body formation. JC-1 (5,5′,6,6′-tetrachloro-1,1,3,3′-tetraethylbenzimidazolyl carbocyanine iodide) has been shown to interact with α-synuclein at the acidic C-terminal region with a Kd of 2.6 μM. JC-1 can discriminated between the fibrillation states of α-synuclein (monomeric, oligomeric intermediate and fibrillar forms) by emitting the enhanced binding fluorescence of different colours at 590, 560 and 538 nm respectively with the common excitation at 490 nm. The fibrillation-state-specific interaction of JC-1 allowed us to perform real-time analyses of the α-synuclein fibrillation in the presence of iron as a fibrillation inducer, rifampicin as a fibrillation inhibitor, baicalein as a defibrillation agent and dequalinium as a protofibril inducer. In addition, various α-synuclein fibrils with different morphologies prepared with specific ligands such as metal ions, glutathione, eosin and lipids were monitored with their characteristic JC-1-binding fluorescence spectra. FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer) between thioflavin-T and JC-1 was also employed to specifically identify the amyloid fibrils of α-synuclein. Taken together, we have introduced JC-1 as a powerful and versatile probe to explore the molecular mechanism of the fibrillation process of α-synuclein in vitro. It could be also useful in high-throughput drug screening. The specific α-synuclein interaction of JC-1 would therefore contribute to our complete understanding of the molecular aetiology of PD and eventual development of diagnostic/therapeutic strategies for various α-synucleinopathies.
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16
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Park JW, Lee IH, Hahn JS, Kim J, Chung KC, Paik SR. Disintegration of amyloid fibrils of α-synuclein by dequalinium. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2008; 1780:1156-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2008.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2008] [Revised: 07/07/2008] [Accepted: 07/11/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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17
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Miller DM, Youkhana I, Karunaratne WU, Pearce A. Presence of protein deposits on ‘cleaned’ re-usable anaesthetic equipment. Anaesthesia 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2001.02277.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Rao JN, Dua V, Ulmer TS. Characterization of alpha-synuclein interactions with selected aggregation-inhibiting small molecules. Biochemistry 2008; 47:4651-6. [PMID: 18366183 DOI: 10.1021/bi8002378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The 140-residue protein alpha-synuclein (aS) has been implicated in the molecular chain of events leading to Parkinson's disease, which relates to the hierarchical aggregation of aS into soluble oligomers and insoluble fibrils. A number of small organic molecules have been reported to inhibit aS aggregation. Here, the interactions of chlorazole black E, Congo red, lacmoid, PcTS-Cu (2+), and rosmarinic acid with aS are examined by NMR spectroscopy to identify aS sequence elements that are masked by these compounds. Surprisingly, similar aS interaction sites, encompassing residues 3-18 and 38-51, were obtained for all molecules at equimolar small molecule:aS ratios. At higher ratios, virtually the entire amphiphilic region of aS (residues 2-92) is affected, revealing the presence of additional, lower affinity interaction sites. Upon rearranging the high-affinity interaction sites over the aS amphiphilic region in an aS mutant form, perturbations of the entire amphiphilic region were found to have already been obtained at equimolar ratios, indicating a high specificity for the original binding sites. CD spectroscopy reveals that, in the presence of the small molecules, the aS structure is still dominated by random-coil characteristics. The strongest effects are exerted by molecules that contain sulfonate groups adjacent to aromatic systems, often present in multiple copies in a symmetrical arrangement, suggesting that these elements are useful for developing an aS-specific chemical chaperone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jampani Nageswara Rao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1501 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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19
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Lee IH, Kim HY, Kim M, Hahn JS, Paik SR. Dequalinium-induced cell death of yeast expressing alpha-synuclein-GFP fusion protein. Neurochem Res 2008; 33:1393-400. [PMID: 18322792 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-008-9598-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2007] [Accepted: 01/15/2008] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular toxic effects of the dequalinium-induced protofibrils of alpha-synuclein have been investigated with the yeast system expressing alpha-synuclein-GFP fusion protein in single copy, which appears in the green halo around the plasma membrane. Intracellular responses of the green fluorescent protein were analyzed as the cells were treated with dequalinium (DQ) and lactacystin. Yeast cells expressing alpha-synuclein-GFP were susceptible to both compounds in alpha-synuclein-dependent manner. Upon DQ treatment, the green halo became smeared throughout the cytoplasm while lactacystin induced a few discrete green dots, reflecting intracellular formation of the protofibrils and the protein inclusions, respectively. The DQ-treated yeast cells were intensely stained with the nucleic acid stains of cell-permeable Hoechst 33342 and cell-impermeable propidium imidione, indicating that nucleus has been disrupted in addition to plasma membrane destabilization. Those DQ-treated yeast cells, however, still contained active mitochondria identified with MitoTracker Red. Therefore, the DQ-induced protofibrillar state of alpha-synuclein-GFP has been suggested to cause the nuclear damage either independently or in combination with the membrane destabilization without affecting mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Hwan Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul 151-744, Republic of Korea
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20
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Frid P, Anisimov SV, Popovic N. Congo red and protein aggregation in neurodegenerative diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 53:135-60. [PMID: 16959325 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2006.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2006] [Accepted: 08/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Congo red is a commonly used histological dye for amyloid detection. The specificity of this staining results from Congo red's affinity for binding to fibril proteins enriched in beta-sheet conformation. Unexpectedly, recent investigations indicate that the dye also possesses the capacity to interfere with processes of protein misfolding and aggregation, stabilizing native protein monomers or partially folded intermediates, while reducing concentration of more toxic protein oligomers. Inhibitory effects of Congo red upon amyloid toxicity may also range from blockade of channel formation and interference with glycosaminoglycans binding or immune functions, to the modulation of gene expression. Particularly, Congo red exhibits ameliorative effect in models of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's and prion diseases. Another interesting application of Congo red analogues is the development of imaging probes. Based on their small molecular size and penetrability through blood-brain barrier, Congo red congeners can be used for both antemortem and in vivo visualization and quantification of brain amyloids. Therefore, understanding mechanisms involved in dye-amyloidal fibril binding and inhibition of aggregation will provide instructive guides for the design of future compounds, potentially useful for monitoring and treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petrea Frid
- Neuronal Survival Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Sweden
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21
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Sereikaite J, Bumelis VA. Examination of dye-protein interaction by gel-permeation chromatography. Biomed Chromatogr 2006; 20:195-9. [PMID: 16161178 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of Cibacron blue F3G-A with two therapeutic proteins, recombinant human growth hormone and recombinant human interferon-alpha2b, has been examined by applying gel-permeation chromatography in combination with the absorption difference spectroscopy. The complexes of these proteins with Cibacron blue F3G-A have been isolated, and their absorbance spectra have been registered. The influence of Cibacron blue F3G-A on the oligomeric state of proteins has been investigated. It was found that Cibacron blue F3G-A promotes the generation of interferon-alpha2b dimers at pH 5.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Sereikaite
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Faculty of Fundamental Sciences, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Sauletekio al. 11, LT-2040, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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22
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Lee CH, Kim HJ, Lee JH, Cho HJ, Kim J, Chung KC, Jung S, Paik SR. Dequalinium-induced Protofibril Formation of α-Synuclein. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:3463-72. [PMID: 16330551 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m505307200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
alpha-Synuclein is the major constituent of Lewy bodies, a pathological signature of Parkinson disease, found in the degenerating dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta. Amyloidosis generating the insoluble fibrillar protein deposition has been considered to be responsible for the cell death observed in the neurodegenerative disorder. In order to develop a controlling strategy toward the amyloid formation, 1,1'-(1,10-decanediyl)-bis-[4-a-mino-2-methylquinolinium] (dequalinium), was selected and examined in terms of its specific molecular interaction with alpha-synuclein. The protein was self-oligomerized by dequalinium, which gave rise to the ladder formation on N-[2-hydroxy-1,1-bis(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]glycine/SDS-PAGE in the presence of a coupling reagent of N-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline. The double-headed structure of dequalinium with the two cationic 4-aminoquinaldinium rings was demonstrated to be critical for the protein self-oligomerization. The dequalinium-binding site was located on the acidic C-terminal region of the protein with an approximate dissociation constant of 5.5 mum. The protein self-oligomerization induced by the compound has resulted in the protofibril formation of alpha-synuclein before it has developed into amyloids. The protofibrils were demonstrated to affect the membrane intactness of liposomes, and they have also been shown to influence cell viability of human neuroblastoma cells. In addition, dequalinium treatment of the alpha-synuclein-overexpressing cells exerted a significant cell death. Therefore, it is pertinent to consider that dequalinium could be used as a molecular probe to assess toxic mechanisms related to the amyloid formation of alpha-synuclein. Ultimately, the compound could be employed to develop therapeutic and preventive strategies toward alpha-synucleinopathies including Parkinson disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choong-Hwan Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Shillim-Dong, Kwanak-Ku, Seoul 151-744, Korea
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23
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Lee EN, Lee SY, Lee D, Kim J, Paik SR. Lipid interaction of alpha-synuclein during the metal-catalyzed oxidation in the presence of Cu2+ and H2O2. J Neurochem 2003; 84:1128-42. [PMID: 12603836 DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01612.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein co-exists with lipids in the Lewy bodies, a pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease. Molecular interaction between alpha-synuclein and lipids has been examined by observing lipid-induced protein self-oligomerization in the presence of a chemical coupling reagent of N-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline. Lipids such as phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and even arachidonic acid induced the self-oligomerization whereas phosphatidylcholine did not affect the protein. Because the oligomerizations occurred from critical micelle concentrations of the lipids, the self interaction of alpha-synuclein was shown to be a lipid-surface dependent phenomenon with head group specificity. By employing beta-synuclein and a C-terminally truncated alpha-synuclein (alpha-syn97), the head-group dependent self-oligomerization was demonstrated to occur preferentially at the N-terminal region while the fatty acid interaction leading to the protein self-association required the presence of the acidic C-terminus of alpha-synuclein. In the presence of Cu2+ and H2O2, phosphatidylinositol (PI), along with other acidic lipids, actually enhanced the metal-catalyzed oxidative self-oligomerization of alpha-synuclein. The dityrosine crosslink formation responsible for the PI-enhanced covalent self-oligomerization was more sensitive to variation of copper concentrations than that of H2O2 during the metal-catalyzed oxidation. The enhancement by PI was shown to be due to facilitation of copper localization to the protein because actual binding affinity between copper and alpha-synuclein increased from Kd of 44.7 microm to 5.9 microm in the presence of the lipid. Taken together, PI not only affects alpha-synuclein to be more self-interactive by providing the lipid surface, but also enhances the metal-catalyzed oxidative protein self-oligomerization by facilitating copper localization to the protein when the metal and H2O2 are provided. This observation therefore could be implicated in the formation of Lewy bodies as lipids and metal-catalyzed oxidative stress have been considered to be a part of pathological causes leading to the neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eui-Nam Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Inha University, 253 Yonghyun-Dong, Nam-Ku, Inchon 402-751, Republic of Korea
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Negro A, Brunati AM, Donella-Deana A, Massimino ML, Pinna LA. Multiple phosphorylation of alpha-synuclein by protein tyrosine kinase Syk prevents eosin-induced aggregation. FASEB J 2002; 16:210-2. [PMID: 11744621 DOI: 10.1096/fj.01-0517fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The presence of aggregated alpha-synuclein molecules is a common denominator in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we show that alpha-synuclein (alpha-syn) is an outstanding substrate for the protein tyrosine kinase p72syk (Syk), which phosphorylates three tyrosyl residues in its C-terminal domain (Y-125, Y-133, and Y-136), as revealed from experiments with mutants where these residues have been individually or multiply replaced by phenylalanine. In contrast, only Y-125 is phosphorylated by Lyn and c-Fgr. Eosin-induced multimerization is observed with wild-type alpha-syn, either phosphorylated or not by Lyn, and with all its Tyr to Phe mutants but not with the protein previously phosphorylated by Syk. Syk-mediated phosphorylation also counteracts alpha-syn assembly into filaments as judged from the disappearance of alpha-syn precipitated upon centrifugation at 100,000 x g. We also show that Syk and alpha-syn colocalize in the brain, and upon cotransfection in Chinese hamster ovary cells, alpha-syn becomes Tyr-phosphorylated by Syk. Moreover, Syk and alpha-syn interact with each other as judged from the mammalian two-hybrid system approach. These data suggest that Syk or tyrosine kinase(s) with similar specificity may play an antineurodegenerative role by phosphorylating a-syn, thereby preventing its aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Negro
- Dipartimento di Chimica Biologica and Centro di Studio delle Biomembrane del C.N.R., University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Kim YS, Lee D, Lee EK, Sung JY, Chung KC, Kim J, Paik SR. Multiple ligand interaction of alpha-synuclein produced various forms of protein aggregates in the presence of Abeta25-35, copper, and eosin. Brain Res 2001; 908:93-8. [PMID: 11457435 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(01)02575-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Various protein aggregates of alpha-synuclein developed by way of the common protein self-oligomerization in the presence of Abeta25-35, copper, and eosin were examined. All the aggregates exhibited congo red birefringence although the actual amounts of the aggregates were varied as determined by thioflavin T binding fluorescence. When their morphologies were analyzed in relation to in vitro cytotoxicity, the smallest granular aggregates obtained with copper exhibited the highest cytotoxicity, while the fibrous structures by eosin did not affect the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Kim
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Gojan-Dong, 425-020, Ansan, South Korea
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Lee D, Lee EK, Lee JH, Chang CS, Paik SR. Self-oligomerization and protein aggregation of alpha-synuclein in the presence of Coomassie Brilliant Blue. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2001; 268:295-301. [PMID: 11168363 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1033.2001.01877.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
alpha-Synuclein has been implicated in various neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, by its participation in abnormal protein depositions. As the protein has been suggested to play a significant role in the formation of the deposits which might be responsible for neurodegeneration, there is a strong demand to screen for alpha-synuclein-interactive small molecules. In this report, Coomassie Brilliant Blue (CBB) interaction of alpha-synuclein has been investigated with respect to induction of protein self-oligomerization in the presence of the chemical coupling reagent N-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline. Both CBB-G and CBB-R, which differ by only two methyl groups, induced the self-oligomerization of alpha-synuclein in a biphasic manner with optimal dye concentrations of 250 microM and 150 microM, respectively. The protein aggregates of alpha-synuclein induced by the dyes in the absence of the coupling reagent were analysed by electron microscopy. Whereas CBB-G induced formation of protein aggregates with a worm-like structure, CBB-R induced clear fibrilization of alpha-synuclein on a background of granular structures. CBB-R interacted with alpha-synuclein approximately twice as effectively as CBB-G (dissociation constants 0.63 microM and 1.37 microM, respectively). These dye interactions were independent from the acidic C-terminus of alpha-synuclein, which was reminiscent of the Alphabeta25-35 interaction of alpha-synuclein. However, the metal-catalysed oxidative self-oligomerization of alpha-synuclein in the presence of Cu2+/H2O2, which was augmented synergistically by Alphabeta25-35, was not affected by the dyes. This indicates that the dye binding site is also distinctive from the Alphabeta25-35 interaction site on alpha-synuclein. These biochemically specific interactions between alpha-synuclein and the dyes indicate that alpha-synuclein-interactive small molecules could provide a tool with which to approach development of diagnostic, preventive, or therapeutic strategies for various alpha-synuclein-related neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Inha University, 253 Yonghyun-Dong, Nam-Ku, Inchon 402-751, South Korea
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