Cloning, expression and mutagenesis of a subunit contact of rabbit muscle-specific (betabeta) enolase

Differential susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum versus yeast and mammalian enolases to dissociation into active monomers

In the past, several unsuccessful attempts have been made to dissociate homodimeric enolases into their active monomeric forms. The main objective of these studies had been to understand whether intersubunit interactions are essential for the catalytic and structural stability of enolases. Further motivation to investigate the properties of monomeric enolase has arisen from several recent reports on the involvement of enolase in diverse nonglycolytic (moonlighting) functions, where it may occur in monomeric form. Here, we report successful dissociation of dimeric enolases from Plasmodium falciparum, yeast and rabbit muscle into active and isolatable monomers. Dimeric enolases could be dissociated into monomers by high concentrations ( approximately 250 mm) of imidazole and/or hydrogen ions. Two forms were separated using Superdex-75 gel filtration chromatography. A detailed comparison of the kinetic and structural properties of monomeric and dimeric forms of recombinant P. falciparum enolase showed differences in specific activity, salt-induced inhibition and inactivation, thermal stability, etc. Furthermore, we found that enolases from the three species differ in their dimer dissociation profiles. Specifically, on challenge with imidazole, Mg(II) protected the enolases of yeast and rabbit muscle but not of P. falciparum from dissociation. The observed differential stability of the P. falciparum enolase dimer interface with respect to mammalian enolases could be exploited to selectively dissociate the dimeric parasite enzyme into its catalytically inefficient, thermally unstable monomeric form. Thus enolase could be a novel therapeutic target for malaria.

Changing the metal ion selectivity of rabbit muscle enolase by mutagenesis: effects of the G37A and G41A mutations

During the reaction catalyzed by enolase, a mobile loop, residues 36-45, closes over the active site. In order to probe the role of this loop movement in catalysis, the glycines at positions 37 and 41 of rabbit muscle enolase (beta beta) have been mutated to alanines. The mutant forms-G37A and G41A-of enolase are both active, but have altered selectivity for divalent cations. G37A, when assayed with Mg(2+), has 12% the activity of the wild type. However, it is twice as active as wild type when assayed with Mn(2+), Zn(2+), or Co(2+). G41A has 4% the activity of the wild type with Mg(2+), is more active than wild type with Co(2+), and slightly less active than wild type with Mn(2+) and Zn(2+). The kinetic isotope effect for both mutants is greater than that of the wild type with all 4 divalent cations. These results indicate that the flexibility of this loop has subtle effects on catalytic activity.