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Gana J, Gcebe N, Moerane R, Ngoshe YB, Moabelo K, Adesiyun AA. Detection of Pathogenic Serogroups and Virulence Genes in Listeria monocytogenes Strains Isolated from Beef and Beef Products Retailed in Gauteng Province, South Africa, Using Phenotypic and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-Based Methods. Int J Microbiol 2024; 2024:8891963. [PMID: 38510936 PMCID: PMC10954364 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8891963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
South Africa recently (2017-18) experienced the largest outbreak of human listeriosis in the world caused by L. monocytogenes following the consumption of "polony," a ready-to-eat meat product. Most (59%) cases originated from Gauteng province, South Africa. As a follow-up study to the outbreak, we used standard bacteriological and molecular methods to determine the prevalence of pathogenic and virulent serogroups of L. monocytogenes in various beef and beef products retailed in Gauteng province, South Africa. The overall prevalence of Listeria spp. was 28% (112/400), comprising Listeria monocytogenes (9.3%), Listeria innocua (16.3%), and Listeria welshimeri (2.5%) (p < 0.001). It is crucial to have detected that the region (p=0.036), type of product (p=0.032), and temperature at storage (p=0.011) significantly affected the occurrence of L. monocytogenes in beef products. It is alarming that pathogenic serogroups 4b-4d-4e (51.4%) and 1/2a-3a (43.2%) were detected among the isolates of L. monocytogenes. Importantly, they were all carriers of seven virulence-associated genes (hlyA, inlB, plcA, iap, inlA, inlC, and inlJ). Our study also demonstrated that 16.7% of "polony" samples investigated were contaminated with L. monocytogenes. Considering that pathogenic and virulent L. monocytogenes contaminated beef and beef products retailed in South Africa, the food safety risk posed to consumers remains and cannot be ignored. Therefore, it is imperative to reduce the contamination of these products with L. monocytogenes during beef production, processing, and retailing to avoid future outbreaks of human listeriosis in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Gana
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
- Department of Agricultural Education, School of Vocational Education, Federal College of Education, P.M.B. 39, Kontagora, Niger, Nigeria
| | - Nomakorinte Gcebe
- Bacteriology Department, Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Agricultural Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Rebone Moerane
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
| | - Yusuf B. Ngoshe
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
| | - Khomotso Moabelo
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
| | - Abiodun A. Adesiyun
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
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Demaître N, De Reu K, François E, De Zutter L, Rasschaert G, Geeraerd A. Intra- and inter-batch variability in raw pork challenge test studies and their consequences on model predictions: An intricate interplay between L. monocytogenes, the microbiome, and packaging atmosphere. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 387:110042. [PMID: 36527792 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.110042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to conduct challenge studies in raw pork by strictly following all aspects of the 2014 EURL technical guidance document for conducting shelf-life studies on Listeria monocytogenes. Growth potential was assessed on three batches of self-cut pork chops and one batch of in-house prepared pure minced pork without any additives in air and MAP (70 % O2/30% CO2) packaging. Pork chops did not support the growth of the pathogen throughout the shelf-life, given the specific conditions used in this study, with growth potential values of 0.28 and 0.46 log CFU/g, respectively, for both air and MAP. Substantial growth (>0.5 log CFU/g) was obtained in minced pork after investigating only one batch, with growth potential values of 1.69 and 0.80 log CFU/g, for air and MAP. However, both intra- and inter-batch variability for pork chops and intra-batch variability for minced pork was observed; with elevated growth being evened out by the way growth potential is calculated in the EURL 2014 document, leading to underestimations and posing a potential risk to public health. Maximum growth rate in minced pork at a constant temperature of 7 °C was estimated at μmax = 0.680 log CFU/day and μmax = 0.489 log CFU/day in air and MAP, respectively. Model predictions for the growth potential showed acceptable results for air-packed minced pork with better accuracy when the lag phase was implemented as indicated in the renewed protocol (CRL EU, 2021). In MAP, all models used, including the Combase Growth model and to a lesser extent the DMRI dynamic safety model, overestimate the growth potential probably due to a lack of integration of the changing CO2 levels in the packages. The predictive models used in this study do not adequately account for the dynamics in the raw pig matrix, which may have an inhibitory effect on the growth of L. monocytogenes, including interaction with the microbiome and CO2, and emphasize the importance of remaining critical of predictive model outcomes. In addition, the experimental intra- and inter-batch variability raise questions about the sense or nonsense of using predictive microbiology in these raw pork products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Demaître
- KU Leuven, Department of Biosystems (BIOSYST), Division MeBioS, Sustainability in the agri-food chain group, Willem de Croylaan 42, box 2428, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Technology and Food Science Unit, Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - Koen De Reu
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Technology and Food Science Unit, Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090 Melle, Belgium.
| | - Ellen François
- KU Leuven, Department of Biosystems (BIOSYST), Division MeBioS, Sustainability in the agri-food chain group, Willem de Croylaan 42, box 2428, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Technology and Food Science Unit, Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - Lieven De Zutter
- Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Geertrui Rasschaert
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Technology and Food Science Unit, Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - Annemie Geeraerd
- KU Leuven, Department of Biosystems (BIOSYST), Division MeBioS, Sustainability in the agri-food chain group, Willem de Croylaan 42, box 2428, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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Porto-Fett ACS, McCoy A, Shane LE, Henry E, Osoria M, Shoyer BA, Campano SG, Burson D, Luchansky JB. Fate of Listeria monocytogenes and Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli on Slices of Beef Bresaola During Refrigerated Storage. MEAT AND MUSCLE BIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.22175/mmb.13918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The viability of multi-strain cocktails of geneticallymarked strains of Listeriamonocytogenes and Shigatoxin-producing Escherichiacoli (STEC) wereseparately monitored on slices of one brand of a commercially-producedbresaola (ca. pH 6.7 and aw 0.899) during extendedrefrigerated storage. Two slices (ca. 8 g each; ca. 10.2 cm wide, ca. 11 cmlong) of bresaola were layered horizontally within a nylon-polyethylene bag.The outer surface of each slice was inoculated (50 µL total; ca. 3.5 logCFU/package)with a rifampicin-resistant (100 mg/ml)cocktail of either L.monocytogenes (fivestrains) or STEC (eight strains). Bags were vacuum-sealed and then stored at 4°or 10°C for 180 or 90 days, respectively. In each of five trials, three bagswere analyzed for pathogen presence at each sampling interval via the USDA-ARSpackage rinse method. In general, levels of L. monocytogenes and STEC decreased by 3.0and 2.4log CFU/package, respectively, after 180 days when bresaola was stored at 4°C.When bresaola was stored at 10°C for 90 days, levels of L. monocytogenes and STEC decreased by 2.4 and 3.1log CFU/package, respectively. Thus, the (brand of) sliced bresaola evaluatedherein did not provide a favorable environment for either persistence oroutgrowth of surface-inoculated cells of L. monocytogenes or STEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C. S. Porto-Fett
- USDA, ARS, Eastern Regional research Center Food Safety and Interventions Technologies
| | - Ashley McCoy
- University of Nebraska Department of Animal Science
| | - Laura E. Shane
- USDA, ARS, Eastern Regional research Center Food Safety and Interventions Technologies
| | - Elizabeth Henry
- USDA, ARS, Eastern Regional research Center Food Safety and Interventions Technologies
| | - Manuela Osoria
- USDA, ARS, Eastern Regional research Center Food Safety and Interventions Technologies
| | - Bradley A. Shoyer
- USDA, ARS, Eastern Regional research Center Food Safety and Interventions Technologies
| | | | | | - John B. Luchansky
- USDA, ARS, Eastern Regional research Center Food Safety and Interventions Technologies
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Truong H, Garmyn D, Gal L, Fournier C, Sevellec Y, Jeandroz S, Piveteau P. Plants as a realized niche for Listeria monocytogenes. Microbiologyopen 2021; 10:e1255. [PMID: 34964288 PMCID: PMC8710918 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a human pathogen. It is the causative agent of listeriosis, the leading cause of bacterial-linked foodborne mortality in Europe and elsewhere. Outbreaks of listeriosis have been associated with the consumption of fresh produce including vegetables and fruits. In this review we summarize current data providing direct or indirect evidence that plants can serve as habitat for L. monocytogenes, enabling this human pathogen to survive and grow. The current knowledge of the mechanisms involved in the interaction of this bacterium with plants is addressed, and whether this foodborne pathogen elicits an immune response in plants is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoai‐Nam Truong
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAEUniversity Bourgogne Franche‐ComtéDijonFrance
| | - Dominique Garmyn
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAEUniversity Bourgogne Franche‐ComtéDijonFrance
| | - Laurent Gal
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAEUniversity Bourgogne Franche‐ComtéDijonFrance
| | - Carine Fournier
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAEUniversity Bourgogne Franche‐ComtéDijonFrance
| | - Yann Sevellec
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Laboratory for Food Safety, Salmonella and Listeria UnitParis‐Est UniversityMaisons‐AlfortCedexFrance
| | - Sylvain Jeandroz
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAEUniversity Bourgogne Franche‐ComtéDijonFrance
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Szymczak B, Szymczak M, Trafiałek J. Prevalence of Listeria species and L. monocytogenes in ready-to-eat foods in the West Pomeranian region of Poland: Correlations between the contamination level, serogroups, ingredients, and producers. Food Microbiol 2020; 91:103532. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2020.103532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Maung AT, Mohammadi TN, Nakashima S, Liu P, Masuda Y, Honjoh KI, Miyamoto T. Antimicrobial resistance profiles of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from chicken meat in Fukuoka, Japan. Int J Food Microbiol 2019; 304:49-57. [PMID: 31154111 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the antimicrobial resistance profiles of L. monocytogenes isolated from chicken meat in Fukuoka in 2017 were compared with the isolates of 2012. A total of 85 and 50 chicken meat samples, including different body parts, were collected from different supermarkets in Fukuoka in 2012 and 2017, respectively. Detection, isolation, identification, and characterization of L. monocytogenes were performed according to the conventional methods. Forty-five among 85 samples (53%) were positive for L. monocytogenes in 2012, while 12 among 50 samples in 2017 (24%) tested positive. One hundred fifty-three and 29 L. monocytogenes strains were isolated in 2012 and 2017, respectively. The serotypes of isolates in 2012 were 1/2a (21.5%), 1/2b (73.9%), 1/2c (1.5%), and 4b/4e (3.1%). In contrast, the 2017 isolates showed 1/2a (48.3%) and 1/2b (51.7%) serotypes. While all isolates in 2012 were positive for hlyA (listeriolysin O) in the PCR assay with hlyA primer set 7, only 17 hlyA positive isolates were seen in 2017. Moreover, 75 isolates with different ribotypes in 2012 and 29 isolates in 2017, respectively, were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by broth microdilution for 18 different antimicrobial agents. Most of the 2012 and 2017 isolates displayed antimicrobial susceptibility. However, among the 2012 and 2017 isolates, 98.7% and 100% of the isolates were resistant to cefoxitin, 57.3% and 95.7% to fosfomycin, 72.0% and 82.6% to oxacillin, 8.0% and 17.4% to clindamycin, respectively. In addition, 2.7% of the isolates in 2012 were resistant to flomoxef and 4.3% of the isolates in 2017 to linezolid. Multidrug resistance (MDR) to 3 or more antimicrobials was observed in 35/75 (46.7%) isolates of 2012 and 19/23 (82.6%) in 2017. Detection of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes by PCR showed that the resistant isolates of 2012 were positive for mecA (96.3%) and ermC (83.3%), whereas the resistant isolates in 2017 screened positive for mecA (94.7%) and mefA (25.0%). Other cfxA, ermA, ermB, fosA, fosB, and fosC genes were absent in the PCR assay for any of the isolates. This study investigated for the first time the change in the L. monocytogenes contamination of chicken meat and antibiotic resistance of the isolated L. monocytogenes strains in Fukuoka, Japan, in the course of 5 years. Although the contamination rate of L. monocytogenes in 2017 was found to be lower than that in 2012, AMR of the isolates in 2017 was higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aye Thida Maung
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan; Department of Animal Science, University of Veterinary Science, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Tahir Noor Mohammadi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Satoko Nakashima
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Pei Liu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Masuda
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Honjoh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Takahisa Miyamoto
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
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Li H, Wang P, Lan R, Luo L, Cao X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Li H, Zhang L, Ji S, Ye C. Risk Factors and Level of Listeria monocytogenes Contamination of Raw Pork in Retail Markets in China. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1090. [PMID: 29896170 PMCID: PMC5986919 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes can contaminate various foods via food processing environments and contamination of raw materials. There is a limited understanding of L. monocytogenes transmission in retail market and the role of insects in L. monocytogenes transmission in the retail environments. To better understand the risk factors of raw pork contamination, the prevalence of L. monocytogenes was examined in raw pork, retail environments and insects in a retail market over a 6-month period from March to August in 2016 in Beijing, China. A total of 2,789 samples were collected, including 356 raw pork samples, 1,392 meat contact surface swabs (MCS), 712 non-meat contact surface swabs (NMCS) and 329 insect samples. Overall, 424 (15.20%) of the samples were found to be contaminated by L. monocytogenes. Analyzed by serotyping, multilocus sequence typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, the 424 L. monocytogenes isolates were divided into three serotypes (1/2c, 1/2a and 3a), 15 pulsotypes (PTs) and nine sequence types (STs), 1/2c/PT4/ST9 (244/424, 58%) was the most prevalent type of L. monocytogenes strains. The raw pork, MCS of the environments and insects were contaminated with higher levels of L. monocytogenes than NMCS of the environments, which suggested that cross contamination of L. monocytogenes between raw pork and the environment existed in the retail market, and long-term contaminated surfaces and vector insects would act as high risk factors to transmit L. monocytogenes to raw pork. Thus more effective strategies are needed to reduce the risk of retail pork meat contamination by L. monocytogenes and prevent foodborne human listeriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Tongzhou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiting Lan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lijuan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Beijing Changping Institute for Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Department of Microbiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shunshi Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Changyun Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Yamazaki K, Takeuchi K, Yamazaki Y, Mino S, Kasai H, Sawabe T, Sawabe T, Satomi M. Occurrence and Prevention of Injured Bacterial Cells in Fisheries. J JPN SOC FOOD SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.3136/nskkk.65.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Marine Food Science, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University
| | - Kantaro Takeuchi
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University
| | - Yohei Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University
| | - Sayaka Mino
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University
| | - Hisae Kasai
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University
| | - Toko Sawabe
- Department of Food Nutrition, Hakodate Junior College Hakodate
| | - Tomoo Sawabe
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University
| | - Masataka Satomi
- National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency
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Biofilm formation and microscopic analysis of biofilms formed by Listeria monocytogenes in a food processing context. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Lee DY, Ha JH, Lee MK, Cho YS. Antimicrobial susceptibility and serotyping of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from ready-to-eat seafood and food processing environments in Korea. Food Sci Biotechnol 2017; 26:287-291. [PMID: 30263540 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-017-0038-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined antimicrobial susceptibility and serotypes of 33 L. monocytogenes isolates collected from ready-to-eat seafood and food processing environments. The isolated strains belonged to the 1/2b (73%), 4b (15%), and 1/2a (12%) serotypes; 11 of the obtained environmental swab samples belonged to the 1/2b serogroup. Antimicrobial resistance to benzyl penicillin (100%), clindamycin (100%), oxacillin (100%), ampicillin (97%), and tetracycline (18%) was detected, and 27/33 isolates (82%) showed resistance to four antibiotics and 6/33 (18%) were resistant to five. Total typing by automated repetitive sequence-based PCR revealed that the 33 isolates grouped into four distinct clusters with significantly correlated serotypes. These findings provide important information about the safety of ready-to-eat seafood and suggest that control measures should be adopted in order to mitigate the risk to humans posed by L. monocytogenes contaminated seafood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Yeon Lee
- 1Food Analysis Center, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13539 Korea
| | - Jae Ho Ha
- World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, 61755 Korea
| | - Myung Ki Lee
- 3Traditional Food Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13539 Korea
| | - Yong Sun Cho
- 1Food Analysis Center, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13539 Korea
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De Boeck E, Jacxsens L, Bollaerts M, Uyttendaele M, Vlerick P. Interplay between food safety climate, food safety management system and microbiological hygiene in farm butcheries and affiliated butcher shops. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Martínez-Gonzáles NE, Martínez-Chávez L, Cabrera-Díaz E, Martínez-Cárdenas C, Gutiérrez-González P, Castillo A. Use of a novel medium, the Polymyxin Ceftazidime Oxford Medium, for isolation of Listeria monocytogenes from raw or non-pasteurized foods. Food Microbiol 2016; 55:105-11. [PMID: 26742621 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2015.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Polymyxin Ceftazidime Oxford Medium (PCOM), a novel selective and differential plating medium for Listeria monocytogenes was compared with Modified Oxford Agar (MOX) for efficacy to isolate L. monocytogenes and other Listeria spp. naturally present in non-pasteurized Mexican-style cheese (n = 50), non-pasteurized fresh squeezed orange juice (n = 50), raw beef chunks (n = 36), and fresh cabbage (n = 125). Samples were collected from retail markets and farms in Mexico and tested following the US Department of Agriculture enrichment technique. Listeria spp. were isolated from 23.4% of analyzed samples, and from those, 75.0% corresponded to raw beef chunks, 38.0% to non-pasteurized Mexican-style cheese, and 30.0% to fresh squeezed orange juice. No Listeria spp. were isolated from fresh cabbage samples. L. monocytogenes was recovered from 15.3% of food samples analyzed. Non-pasteurized Mexican-style cheese showed the highest proportion of L. monocytogenes positive samples (36.0%), followed by orange juice (26.0%) and raw beef (25.0%). The frequency of isolation of Listeria spp. and L. monocytogenes was not different (P > 0.05) between PCOM and MOX. The advantages of using PCOM when comparing to MOX, include the easier way to identify Listeria species, the lower cost per plate and the availability of its ingredients for Latin-American countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Martínez-Gonzáles
- Departamentos de Farmacobiología y Matemáticas, Universidad de Guadalajara, CUCEI, Boulevard Marcelino García Barragán 1451, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44430, Mexico
| | - L Martínez-Chávez
- Departamentos de Farmacobiología y Matemáticas, Universidad de Guadalajara, CUCEI, Boulevard Marcelino García Barragán 1451, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44430, Mexico
| | - E Cabrera-Díaz
- Departamento de Salud Pública, CUCBA, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, 45200, Mexico
| | - C Martínez-Cárdenas
- Departamentos de Farmacobiología y Matemáticas, Universidad de Guadalajara, CUCEI, Boulevard Marcelino García Barragán 1451, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44430, Mexico
| | - P Gutiérrez-González
- Departamentos de Farmacobiología y Matemáticas, Universidad de Guadalajara, CUCEI, Boulevard Marcelino García Barragán 1451, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44430, Mexico
| | - A Castillo
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, 77843-2471, USA.
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14
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Kim C, Stein RA, Pao S. Comparison of the Microbial Quality of Lamb and Goat Meat Acquired from Internet and Local Retail Markets. J Food Prot 2015; 78:1980-7. [PMID: 26555521 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the microbial quality of lamb and goat meat sold through local (Virginia) and Internet (U. S.) retail markets. A total of 134 frozen meat products consisting of locally purchased lamb ground (LLG) and lamb chops and Internet-procured lamb ground, goat ground, lamb chops (ILC), goat chops (IGC), lamb stew, and goat stew were tested. Significantly higher levels of aerobic mesophiles, psychrotrophs, and coliforms were found in the meat locally acquired than in the meat procured from the Internet. Similar average prevalence (27%) of Escherichia coli was observed regardless of market source. Ground meat had significantly high levels and prevalence of mesophiles, psychrotrophs, coliforms, and Listeria spp. One sample of LLG contained Campylobacter, and one sample of IGC contained Salmonella. Listeria spp. were present in 23 to 40% and 17 to 80% of samples from local and Internet markets, respectively. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of isolated E. coli strains revealed brand specificity and genomic diversity. No isolate from different brands and market sources had matching PFGE profiles. The average price of Internet meat ($23.4/kg) was about 1.2 times higher than the price of local meat, except for ILC, whose price was 2.7 times higher. This study revealed differences in microbial quality of lamb and goat meat based on market source; thus, meat products should be handled carefully regardless of market source because of the presence of high microbial levels and the high prevalence of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chyer Kim
- Agricultural Research Station, Virginia State University, Petersburg, Virginia 23806, USA.
| | - Roslyn A Stein
- Agricultural Research Station, Virginia State University, Petersburg, Virginia 23806, USA
| | - Steven Pao
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Jordan College of Agricultural Science and Technology, Fresno State University, Fresno, California 93740, USA
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15
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Fang C, Shan Y, Cao T, Xia Y, Xin Y, Cheng C, Song H, Li X, Fang W. Prevalence and Virulence Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes in Chilled Pork in Zhejiang Province, China. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2015; 13:8-12. [PMID: 26393675 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2015.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen that can grow in refrigeration temperature and causes severe human infections. The aims of this work were to estimate the prevalence of L. monocytogenes in chilled pork in Zhejiang, China and to examine the virulence features of the isolates. Of 331 meat samples, 196 were positive for Listeria spp., with L. innocua accounting for 54.4%, L. monocytogenes for 11.5%, and L. welshimeri for 4.2%. The most prevalent L. monocytogenes serotype was 1/2c (60.5%), followed by serotypes 1/2a (28.9%), 1/2b (7.9%), and 4b (2.6%). All L. monocytogenes isolates contained virulence-associated genes examined. Adhesion and invasion ability of serotype 1/2c isolates was much lower than those of other serotypes. Only one isolate was defective in cell-to-cell spread. These findings are important for risk assessment of chilled pork as a source of potential transmission of L. monocytogenes to other food products, particularly to ready-to-eat food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Fang
- 1 Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Shan
- 1 Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tong Cao
- 1 Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ye Xia
- 1 Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongping Xin
- 1 Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Changyong Cheng
- 2 College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A&F University , Lin'an, Zhejiang, China
| | - Houhui Song
- 2 College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A&F University , Lin'an, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- 1 Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weihuan Fang
- 1 Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China .,2 College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A&F University , Lin'an, Zhejiang, China
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16
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Auvolat A, Besse NG. The challenge of enumerating Listeria monocytogenes in food. Food Microbiol 2015; 53:135-49. [PMID: 26678141 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is recognised as a serious foodborne pathogen in humans. However, food products are usually contaminated at low levels (i.e. <100 CFU/g) and there is still no adequate enumeration method for testing food. Much research has been carried out to improve Listeria enumeration methods, leading to several proposed alternative methods such as the most probable number technique, molecular-based methods and bacterial cell concentration techniques. Here, we catalogue the current knowledge concerning L. monocytogenes enumeration, with a particular focus on the problem of enumerating low level contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anais Auvolat
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Laboratory for Food Safety, ANSES, Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments, 14 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94701 Maisons Alfort, France
| | - Nathalie Gnanou Besse
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Laboratory for Food Safety, ANSES, Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments, 14 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94701 Maisons Alfort, France.
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17
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Listeria monocytogenes Prevalence and Characteristics in Retail Raw Foods in China. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136682. [PMID: 26317852 PMCID: PMC4552630 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence and levels of Listeria monocytogenes in retail raw foods covering most provincial capitals in China were studied with testing of 1036 samples of vegetables, edible mushrooms, raw meat, aquatic products and quick-frozen products from September 2012 to January 2014. The total prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes was 20.0% (207/1036), and the most probable number (MPN) values of 65.7% of the positive samples ranged from 0.3 to 110 MPN/g. Geographical differences were observed in this survey, and the results of both qualitative and quantitative methods indicated that the levels in the samples from North China were higher than those in the samples from South China. A total of 248 isolates were analyzed, of which approximately half belonged to molecular serogroup 1/2a-3a (45.2%), followed by 1/2b-3b-7 (30.6%), 1/2c-3c (16.1%), 4b-4d-4e (5.2%) and 4a-4c (2.8%). Most of the isolates carried hly (100%), inlB (98.8%), inlA (99.6%), inlC (98.0%) and inlJ (99.2%), and 44.8% of the isolates were llsX-positive. Seventeen epidemic clones (ECs) were detected, with 7 strains belonging to ECI (2.8%) and 10 belonging to ECIII (4.03%). Resistance to clindamycin (46.8%) was commonly observed, and 59 strains (23.8%) were susceptible to all 14 tested antibiotics, whereas 84 (33.9%) showed an intermediate level of resistance or were resistant to two or more antibiotics, including 7 multi-resistant strains that exhibited resistance to more than 10 antibiotics. The data obtained in the present study provides useful information for assessment of the possible risk posed to Chinese consumers, and this information will have a significant public health impact in China. Furthermore, the presence of virulence markers, epidemic clones, as well as the antibiotic resistance amongst the isolates strongly implies that many of these strains might be capable of causing listeriosis, and more accurate treatment of human listeriosis with effective antibiotics should be considered. This research represents a more full-scale and systematical investigation of the prevalence of L. monocytogenes in retail raw foods in China, and it provides baseline information for Chinese regulatory authorities that will aid in the formulation of a regulatory framework for controlling L. monocytogenes with the aim of improving the microbiological safety of raw foods.
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18
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19
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Development, and complete evaluation, of a novel Most-Probable-Number (MPN) qPCR method for accurate and express quantification of Listeria monocytogenes in foodstuffs. Eur Food Res Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-015-2496-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Jami M, Ghanbari M, Zunabovic M, Domig KJ, Kneifel W. Listeria monocytogenesin Aquatic Food Products-A Review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mansooreh Jami
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology; Inst. of Food Science; BOKU-Univ. of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna Austria
- Dept. of Fisheries; Faculty of Natural Resources; Univ. of Zabol; Zabol Iran
| | - Mahdi Ghanbari
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology; Inst. of Food Science; BOKU-Univ. of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna Austria
- Dept. of Fisheries; Faculty of Natural Resources; Univ. of Zabol; Zabol Iran
| | - Marija Zunabovic
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology; Inst. of Food Science; BOKU-Univ. of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna Austria
| | - Konrad J. Domig
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology; Inst. of Food Science; BOKU-Univ. of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kneifel
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology; Inst. of Food Science; BOKU-Univ. of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna Austria
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21
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Proposal of performance objectives and sampling schemes for Listeria monocytogenes in fresh meat intended to be eaten cooked under different storage practices. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 184:50-4. [PMID: 24560104 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to define a practical approach to derive risk management measures, such as performance objectives (POs), for Listeria monocytogenes in pork cuts intended to be eaten cooked. Moreover, sampling plans to verify the compliance of meat lots to such POs are presented. The POs were estimated as prevalence and/or concentration values that should not be exceeded at time of consumption. To derive possible POs for L. monocytogenes, ten lots of pork cuts, collected within the same slaughterhouse along a one-year period, were tested for the presence and concentration of the pathogen under four different scenarios through the product shelf life. Our results indicated that the median values of the prevalence distributions ranged between 0.41 and 0.68. The number of samples to be tested in order to verify lot compliance ranged between six, for samples tested immediately after packaging, and three, for samples tested at the end of the shelf life. The concentration values ranged between 2.02 log10 CFU/g, for samples tested immediately after packaging, up to 3.14 log10 CFU/g for samples tested after final storage at 14°C. The concentration of L. monocytogenes in the samples contaminated by less than 10 CFU/g was estimated between 7 CFU/10g to 7 CFU/g, after storage at retail and abuse temperature, respectively. Basing on the knowledge of log normal distributions, the maximum contamination level of the lots in order to achieve the suggested POs, was calculated. It was obtained that mean concentration estimated as PO should be between -0.43 and 0.48 log10 CFU/g. Other risk management options are further evaluated and discussed. These results would help food operators and authorities to establish safety targets and corrective actions regarding inhibition of L. monocytogenes in fresh pork meat.
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22
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Valero A, Hernandez M, De Cesare A, Manfreda G, García-Gimeno RM, González-García P, Rodríguez-Lázaro D. Probabilistic approach for determining Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes concentration in pork meat from presence/absence microbiological data. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 184:60-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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23
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24
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De Cesare A, Valero A, Lucchi A, Pasquali F, Manfreda G. Modeling growth kinetics of Listeria monocytogenes in pork cuts from packaging to fork under different storage practices. Food Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Zhang W, Wang X, Xia X, Yang B, Xi M, Meng J. Isolation and Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes Isolates from Retail Foods in Shaanxi Province, China. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2013; 10:867-72. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2013.1528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Weisong Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaodong Xia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Baowei Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meili Xi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianghong Meng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
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26
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Woraprayote W, Kingcha Y, Amonphanpokin P, Kruenate J, Zendo T, Sonomoto K, Benjakul S, Visessanguan W. Anti-listeria activity of poly(lactic acid)/sawdust particle biocomposite film impregnated with pediocin PA-1/AcH and its use in raw sliced pork. Int J Food Microbiol 2013; 167:229-35. [PMID: 24129155 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/sawdust particle (SP) biocomposite film with anti-listeria activity was developed by incorporation of pediocin PA-1/AcH (Ped) using diffusion coating method. Sawdust particle played an important role in embedding pediocin into the hydrophobic PLA film. The anti-listeria activity of the PLA/SP biocomposite film incorporated with Ped (PLA/SP+Ped) was detected, while no activity against the tested pathogen was observed for the control PLA films (without SP and/or Ped). Dry-heat treatment of film before coating with Ped resulted in the highest Ped adsorption (11.63 ± 3.07 μg protein/cm(2)) and the highest anti-listeria activity. A model study of PLA/SP+Ped as a food-contact antimicrobial packaging on raw sliced pork suggests a potential inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes (99% of total listerial population) on raw sliced pork during the chilled storage. This study supports the feasibility of using PLA/SP+Ped film to reduce the initial load of L. monocytogenes on the surface of raw pork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weerapong Woraprayote
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, 15 Karnjanavanich Road, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
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27
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González D, Vitas AI, Díez-Leturia M, García-Jalón I. Listeria monocytogenes and ready-to-eat seafood in Spain: study of prevalence and temperatures at retail. Food Microbiol 2013; 36:374-8. [PMID: 24010619 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2013.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to obtain data from refrigerated ready-to-eat seafood products at retail in Spain (young eels, crabstick and smoked salmon), regarding prevalence and levels of Listeria monocytogenes, storage temperatures and the impact of transport conditions (type of bag) on the temperature of the product. The one-year surveillance period was carried out according to the EC Regulation No. 2073/2005, taking 5 units/batch and analyzing 250 samples following ISO 11290-1/A1 and ISO 11290-2/A methodologies. Low prevalence of L. monocytogenes was observed in surimi products, while 4.8% of smoked salmon samples were positive for Listeria with low levels (<10 cfu/g) and uneven pathogen distribution. A single company was responsible for 80% of the positive lots. All purchased products showed values higher than 4 °C at retail and an average increase of 2.5 °C or up to 6.2 °C was recorded when isothermal or plastic shopping bags were used for transport, respectively. To avoid noncompliance of the Food Safety Objective for L. monocytogenes in seafood RTE products more efforts from all stakeholders are needed, with special attention so as to improve control and maintenance of refrigerators at retail and to enhance consumer education regarding food safety practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- David González
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Microbiological Food and Water Laboratory, CIFA University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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28
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Barbau-Piednoir E, Botteldoorn N, Yde M, Mahillon J, Roosens NH. Development and validation of qualitative SYBR®Green real-time PCR for detection and discrimination of Listeria spp. and Listeria monocytogenes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:4021-37. [PMID: 23086339 PMCID: PMC3627020 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4477-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A combination of four qualitative SYBR®Green qPCR screening assays targeting two levels of discrimination: Listeria genus (except Listeria grayi) and Listeria monocytogenes, is presented. These assays have been developed to be run simultaneously using the same polymerase chain reaction (PCR) programme. The paper also proposes a new validation procedure to specifically validate qPCR assays applied to food microbiology according to two guidelines: the ISO 22118 norm and the "Definition of minimum performance requirements for analytical methods of GMO testing". The developed assays target the iap, prs and hlyA genes that belong to or neighbour the virulence cluster of Listeria spp. The selected primers were designed to amplify short fragments (60 to 103 bp) in order to obtain optimal PCR efficiency (between 97 and 107 % efficiency). The limit of detection of the SYBR®Green qPCR assays is two to five copies of target genes per qPCR reaction. These assays are highly accurate (98.08 and 100 % accuracy for the Listeria spp. and L. monocytogenes assays, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Barbau-Piednoir
- Scientific Institute of Public Health, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2, bte L7.05.12, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Nadine Botteldoorn
- Scientific Institute of Public Health, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marc Yde
- Scientific Institute of Public Health, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jacques Mahillon
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2, bte L7.05.12, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Nancy H. Roosens
- Scientific Institute of Public Health, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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29
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Baer AA, Miller MJ, Dilger AC. Pathogens of Interest to the Pork Industry: A Review of Research on Interventions to Assure Food Safety. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arica A. Baer
- Dept. of Animal Science, Univ. of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; 1503 S
| | - Michael J. Miller
- Dept. of Food Science and Human Nutrition; Div. of Nutritional Sciences; 905 S.; Goodwin Ave.; Urbana; IL 61801; U.S.A
| | - Anna C. Dilger
- Dept. of Animal Science, Univ. of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; 1503 S
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30
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Suto A, Yamamoto T, Isshiki K. Simplification of an Indicator of Temperature Fluctuations during Cold Food Storage. J JPN SOC FOOD SCI 2013. [DOI: 10.3136/nskkk.60.466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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31
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Mahgoub S, Sitohy M. Comparative prevalence of pathogenic and spoilage microbes in chicken sausages from Egypt and Greece. Health (London) 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2013.52037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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32
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MPN-PCR detection and antimicrobial resistance of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from raw and ready-to-eat foods in Malaysia. Food Control 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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33
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McCarthy S, Burkhardt W. Efficacy of electrolyzed oxidizing water against Listeria monocytogenes and Morganella morganii on conveyor belt and raw fish surfaces. Food Control 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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34
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Effectiveness of two sanitation procedures for decreasing the microbial contamination levels (including Listeria monocytogenes) on food contact and non-food contact surfaces in a dessert-processing factory. Food Control 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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35
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EROL I, AYAZ N. SEROTYPE DISTRIBUTION OF LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES ISOLATED FROM TURKEY MEAT BY MULTIPLEX PCR IN TURKEY. J Food Saf 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2010.00278.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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36
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Kuzmanovic J, Asanin R, Baltic M, Misic D, Dimitrijevic M, Stojanovic M, Asanin N, Kovacevic I. Presence of Listeria spp. in fish samples, fish products and sea products. ACTA VET-BEOGRAD 2011. [DOI: 10.2298/avb1103193k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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37
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38
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Ayaz ND, Erol I. Relation between serotype distribution and antibiotic resistance profiles of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from ground turkey. J Food Prot 2010; 73:967-72. [PMID: 20501050 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-73.5.967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to determine the serotype distribution of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from ground turkey using a multiplex PCR assay and to determine antimicrobial resistance profiles of the isolates using the disc diffusion method. Of 78 isolates, 35 (44.9%), 29 (37.2%), 7 (9.0%), and 7 (9.0%) were identified as serotypes 1/2a (or 3a), 4b (or 4d or 4e), 1/2b (or 3b), and 1/2c (or 3c), respectively. Overall, 63 isolates (80.8%) were resistant to penicillin G, and 53 (67.9%) were resistant to ampicillin. All 1/2c (or 3c) serotype isolates were resistant to penicillin G and ampicillin, and all 1/2b (or 3b) serotype isolates were resistant to penicillin G. In addition, 91.4% (32 of 35) of 1/2a (or 3a), 57.1% (4 of 7) of 1/2b (or 3b), and 37.9% (11 of 29) of 4b (or 4d or 4e) serotype isolates were resistant to ampicillin, and 85.7% (30 of 35) of 1/2a (or 3a) and 65.5% (19 of 29) of 4b (or 4d or 4e) serotype isolates were resistant to penicillin G. In conclusion, most of the L. monocytogenes isolates identified were serotype 1/2a (or 3a) and 4b (or 4d or 4e). Serotype 1/2c (or 3c) isolates were highly resistant to antibiotics compared with isolates of serotypes 1/2a (or 3a), 1/2b (or 3b), and 4b (or 4d or 4e). Increasing resistance of L. monocytogenes to ampicillin and penicillin is an especially serious concern for public health because of the common use of these antibiotics in treatment of human listeriosis cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naim Deniz Ayaz
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, 06110 Diskapi, Ankara, Turkey
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Yuan Y, Xu W, Zhai Z, Shi H, Luo Y, Chen Z, Huang K. Universal primer-multiplex PCR approach for simultaneous detection of Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella spp. in food samples. J Food Sci 2010; 74:M446-52. [PMID: 19799672 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01321.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella spp. are 3 kinds of the most important food-borne human pathogens. Traditional microbiological analysis is labor-intensive, time-consuming, and easily contaminated, thus producing false positive signals; it also involves much subjectivity judgments. Multiplex-PCR could be applied to detect multiple target organisms simultaneously to save time and labor, but there is always disproportionate amplification resulting from the disparity of different primers. To gain a rapid and sensitive method, a universal primer-multiplex PCR system (UP-M-PCR) was developed and applied for simultaneous detection of the 3 organisms. This method simplified traditional multiplex-PCR reaction system and overcame its amplification disparities among different primers; moreover, it got a high specificity and sensitivity (85, 155, and 104 copies/reaction for E. coli O157, L. monocytogenes, and Salmonella spp., respectively). Compared with the time-consuming and laborious microbiological analysis, UP-M-PCR had a lower risk of cross-contamination without inoculation and incubation. Test results for 36 food samples showed that UP-M-PCR method got a relative accuracy of 91.77% when compared with traditional microbiological analysis. It could serve as a rapid screening method for pathogen detection and could detect target genes even in dead pathogenic cells. In addition, it has the potential to be performed in an automation mode and might find broader application in simultaneous detection of other multiple pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Yuan
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural Univ., Beijing 100083, China
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40
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Saikia P, Joshi S. Retail Market Poultry Meats of North-East India-A Microbiological Survey for Pathogenic Contaminants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/jm.2010.36.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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41
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Mohammed H, Atwill E, Dunbar L, Ward T, McDonough P, Gonzalez R, Stipetic K. The risk of Listeria monocytogenes infection in beef cattle operations. J Appl Microbiol 2010; 108:349-56. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04446.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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42
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Ayaz ND, Ayaz Y, Kaplan YZ, Dogru AK, Aksoy MH. Rapid detection ofListeria monocytogenes in chicken carcasses by IMS-PCR. ANN MICROBIOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03179217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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43
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Pao S, Ettinger MR. Comparison of the microbial quality of ground beef and ground beef patties from internet and local retail markets. J Food Prot 2009; 72:1722-6. [PMID: 19722408 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-72.8.1722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the microbial quality of ground beef and ground beef patties sold at local (Virginia) and Internet (U.S.) retail markets. A total of 152 ground beef products, consisting of locally purchased raw ground beef (LRG) and frozen beef patties (LFP) and Internet-procured frozen ground beef (IFG) and frozen beef patties (IFP), were tested. Results showed that LFP had significantly lower levels of aerobic mesophiles, psychrotrophs, and coliforms than LRG, IFG, and IFP. Furthermore, IFG had greater numbers of Escherichia coli than LRG and LFP. No sample was contaminated with E. coli 0157: H7, but one duplicate set of summer LFP samples contained Salmonella. Listeria spp. were present in 25 and 29% of samples from local and Internet markets, respectively. About 5.0, 11.1, 10.5, and 7.9% of LRG, LFP, IFG, and IFP samples were contaminated with L. monocytogenes. This study identified differences in microbial quality between local and Internet products. Careful handling and thorough cooking of ground beef products, regardless of market source, are recommended to prevent foodborne illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pao
- Virginia State University, Agricultural Research Station, P.O. Box 9061, Petersburg, Virginia, USA.
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44
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Uyttendaele M, Busschaert P, Valero A, Geeraerd A, Vermeulen A, Jacxsens L, Goh K, De Loy A, Van Impe J, Devlieghere F. Prevalence and challenge tests of Listeria monocytogenes in Belgian produced and retailed mayonnaise-based deli-salads, cooked meat products and smoked fish between 2005 and 2007. Int J Food Microbiol 2009; 133:94-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2008] [Revised: 04/17/2009] [Accepted: 05/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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45
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Chen J, Zhang X, Mei L, Jiang L, Fang W. Prevalence ofListeriain Chinese Food Products from 13 Provinces Between 2000 and 2007 and Virulence Characterization ofListeria monocytogenesIsolates. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2009; 6:7-14. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2008.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jianshun Chen
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Zhejiang Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingling Mei
- Zhejiang Centre for Disease Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingli Jiang
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weihuan Fang
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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HARA H, OHASHI Y, SAKURAI T, YAGI K, FUJISAWA T, IGIMI S. Effect of Nisin (Nisaplin) on the Growth of Listeria monocytogenes in Karashi-mentaiko (Red-pepper Seasoned Cod Roe). Food Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi) 2009; 50:173-7. [DOI: 10.3358/shokueishi.50.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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47
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Lianou A, Sofos JN. A review of the incidence and transmission of Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat products in retail and food service environments. J Food Prot 2007; 70:2172-98. [PMID: 17900099 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-70.9.2172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Contamination of ready-to-eat products with Listeria monocytogenes may occur at several stages before consumption. Accessibility to the public and relatively limited control interventions at retail and food service establishments (compared with the processing sector of the food industry) and the lack of a specific regulatory framework increase the likelihood of introduction of this pathogen into some foods in these establishments. This review is a compilation of available information on the incidence and transmission of L. monocytogenes through ready-to-eat products at the retail and food service level. The potential transmission of L. monocytogenes within retail and food service operations has been indicated in epidemiological investigations and by survey data. Potential sources of the organism in these operations include the environment, food handlers, and incoming raw ingredients or processed products that have become contaminated after the lethality treatment at the manufacturing facility. L. monocytogenes may be present at retail and food service establishments in various ready-to-eat products, both prepackaged and those packaged in the store, and occasionally at high concentrations. This issue dictates the need for development and application of effective control measures, and potential control approaches are discussed here. Good manufacturing practices, appropriate cleaning, sanitation and hygiene programs, and temperature control required for prevention or inhibition of growth of the pathogen to high levels are critical for control of L. monocytogenes in the retail and food service sector. A comprehensive food safety system designed to be functional in retail and food service operations and based on the philosophy of hazard analysis and critical control point systems and a series of sound prerequisite programs can provide effective control of L. monocytogenes in these environments. However, competent delivery of food safety education and training to retail and food service managers and food handlers must be in place for successful implementation of such a system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Lianou
- Center for Red Meat Safety, Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1171, USA
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De Martinis ECP, Duvall RE, Hitchins AD. Real-time PCR detection of 16S rRNA genes speeds most-probable-number enumeration of foodborne Listeria monocytogenes. J Food Prot 2007; 70:1650-5. [PMID: 17685338 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-70.7.1650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Quantifying foodborne pathogens at concentrations of 0.1 to 1,000 CFU/g of food generally involves most-probable-number (MPN) enumeration, which takes at least 4 days. A real-time PCR assay (RTi-PCR) was developed to accelerate MPN enumeration of foodborne Listeria monocytogenes. Foods were spiked from 70 to 110 CFU/g, and triplicate subportions from 0.0001 to 1 g were selectively enriched for 48 h at 30 degrees C. For standard MPN enumeration, the enrichments were subcultured on Oxford agar (48 h at 35 degrees C) to isolate Listeria. For RTi-PCR MPN, the L. monocytogenes cells from the same enrichments were washed and resuspended in 2 ml of sterile water. DNA was extracted by boiling for 10 min. The DNA in the extract's supernatant was targeted with published oligonucleotide primers for amplifying an Lmo-specific sequence of 16S rRNA genes. Amplification was continuously monitored with SYBR Green. The resulting amplicon was characterized by its melting temperature. The L. monocytogenes specificity of the primers was confirmed by testing L. monocytogenes (15 strains), Listeria innocua (11 strains), and Listeria welshimeri, Listeria seeligeri, Listeria ivanovii, and Listeria grayi (1 strain each). Quantitatively spiked milk, lettuce, smoked salmon, Brie cheese, ice cream, pork pâté, salami, ready-to-eat shrimp, raw ground beef, and fresh soft cheese were enumerated by both the standard and the PCR MPN method. The paired results from the two MPN methods agreed well, except for the fresh cheese. For some foods, l-g samples required a decimal dilution for a positive test result, suggesting concentration-dependent food ingredient interference with the RTi-PCR. This RTi-PCR method reduced the time necessary for the MPN enumeration of foodborne L. monocytogenes from 4 to 2 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Cristina Pereira De Martinis
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n, Monte Alegre, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Latorre L, Parisi A, Fraccalvieri R, Normanno G, La Porta MCN, Goffredo E, Palazzo L, Ciccarese G, Addante N, Santagada G. Low prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in foods from Italy. J Food Prot 2007; 70:1507-12. [PMID: 17612085 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-70.6.1507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen that causes gastrointestinal disorders, and, especially in immunocompromised people, serious extraintestinal diseases, such as septicemia and meningitis, as well as abortion in pregnant women. Many foods, from both plant and animal origin, have been involved in listeriosis outbreaks. This article reports the results of a 12-year survey (1993 through 2004) on the presence of L. monocytogenes in several kinds of food marketed in Italy. Of 5,788 analyzed samples, 121 (2.1%) were contaminated with L. monocytogenes. The highest prevalence was found in smoked salmon (10.6%) and in poultry meat samples (8.5%) and the lowest in red meat (0.3%). L. monocytogenes was not found in 154 samples of fresh seafood products. Fifty-two isolates were also serotyped by the agglutination method. The most common serotypes detected in the 52 strains tested were 1/2a (36.5%), followed by 1/2c (32.8%), 1/2b (13.5%), 4b (11.5%), 3a (3.8%), and 3b (1.9%). The results of the present study showed low levels of L. monocytogenes in the analyzed samples. A total of 61.5% of the 52 L. monocytogenes strains analyzed belonged to serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b, and 4b, namely the serovars that are most commonly involved in extraintestinal human listeriosis outbreaks. In the ready-to-eat samples, these three serotypes were 40.0% (1/2a), 17.1% (1/2b), and 14.3% (4b). This finding highlights the need to implement strict hygienic measures during the production, distribution, and sale of foods to reduce the risk of foodborne listeriosis in humans to an acceptable level.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Latorre
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Apulia and Basilicata, V. della Tecnica 23, 75100 Matera.
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LEE SOLMAZ, CETINKAYA FIGEN, SOYUTEMIZ GECE. OCCURRENCE OF LISTERIA SPECIES IN THE PROCESSING STAGES OF FROZEN PEPPER. J Food Saf 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2007.00067.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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