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Szabo E, Wilk P, Nagy B, Zambo Z, Bui D, Weichsel A, Arjunan P, Torocsik B, Hubert A, Furey W, Montfort WR, Jordan F, Weiss MS, Adam-Vizi V, Ambrus A. Underlying molecular alterations in human dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase deficiency revealed by structural analyses of disease-causing enzyme variants. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 28:3339-3354. [PMID: 31334547 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (hLADH, hE3) deficiency (OMIM# 246900) is an often prematurely lethal genetic disease usually caused by inactive or partially inactive hE3 variants. Here we report the crystal structure of wild-type hE3 at an unprecedented high resolution of 1.75 Å and the structures of six disease-causing hE3 variants at resolutions ranging from 1.44 to 2.34 Å. P453L proved to be the most deleterious substitution in structure as aberrations extensively compromised the active site. The most prevalent G194C-hE3 variant primarily exhibited structural alterations close to the substitution site, whereas the nearby cofactor-binding residues were left unperturbed. The G426E substitution mainly interfered with the local charge distribution introducing dynamics to the substitution site in the dimer interface; G194C and G426E both led to minor structural changes. The R460G, R447G and I445M substitutions all perturbed a solvent accessible channel, the so-called H+/H2O channel, leading to the active site. Molecular pathomechanisms of enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and impaired binding to multienzyme complexes were also addressed according to the structural data for the relevant mutations. In summary, we present here for the first time a comprehensive study that links three-dimensional structures of disease-causing hE3 variants to residual hLADH activities, altered capacities for ROS generation, compromised affinities for multienzyme complexes and eventually clinical symptoms. Our results may serve as useful starting points for future therapeutic intervention approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Szabo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, MTA-SE Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Piotr Wilk
- Macromolecular Crystallography, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Balint Nagy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, MTA-SE Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Zsofia Zambo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, MTA-SE Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - David Bui
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, MTA-SE Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Andrzej Weichsel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Palaniappa Arjunan
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.,Biocrystallography Laboratory, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15240, USA
| | - Beata Torocsik
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, MTA-SE Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Agnes Hubert
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, MTA-SE Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - William Furey
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.,Biocrystallography Laboratory, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15240, USA
| | - William R Montfort
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Frank Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Manfred S Weiss
- Macromolecular Crystallography, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vera Adam-Vizi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, MTA-SE Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Attila Ambrus
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, MTA-SE Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
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2
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Xu Y, Chen Q, Zhang ZJ, Xu JH, Zheng GW. Coevolution of the Activity and Thermostability of an ϵ-Keto Ester Reductase for Better Synthesis of an (R)-α-Lipoic Acid Precursor. Chembiochem 2020; 21:1341-1346. [PMID: 31828918 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we have identified a significantly improved variant (S131Y/Q252I) of the natural ϵ-keto ester reductase CpAR2 from Candida parapsilosis for efficiently manufacturing (R)-8-chloro-6-hydroxyoctanoic acid [(R)-ECHO] through co-evolution of activity and thermostability. The activity of the variant CpAR2S131Y/Q252I towards the ϵ-keto ester ethyl 8-chloro-6-oxooctanoate was improved to 214 U mg-1 -from 120 U mg-1 in the case of the wild-type enzyme (CpAR2WT )-and the half-deactivating temperature (T50 , for 15 min incubation) was simultaneously increased by 2.3 °C in relation to that of CpAR2WT . Consequently, only 2 g L-1 of lyophilized E. coli cells harboring CpAR2S131Y/Q252I and a glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) were required in order to achieve productivity similar to that obtained in our previous work, under optimized reaction conditions (530 g L-1 d-1 ). This result demonstrated a more economical and efficient process for the production of the key (R)-α-lipoic acid intermediate ethyl 8-chloro-6-oxooctanoate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for BiomanufacturingTechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Qi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for BiomanufacturingTechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for BiomanufacturingTechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Jian-He Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for BiomanufacturingTechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Gao-Wei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for BiomanufacturingTechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
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3
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Passiatore M, Perna A, De-Vitis R, Taccardo G. The Use of Alfa-Lipoic Acid-R (ALA-R) in Patients with Mild-Moderate Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Randomised Controlled Open Label Prospective Study. Malays Orthop J 2020; 14:1-6. [PMID: 32296475 PMCID: PMC7156176 DOI: 10.5704/moj.2003.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Carpal tunnel syndrome is one of the most common peripheral neuropathies. Only a few studies evaluate the efficacy of “nutraceuticals” on peripheral nerves and neuropathic pain. The aim of the present investigation is to evaluate the role of Alfa-Lipoic Acid-R (ALA-R) on clinical and functional outcomes in patients affected by mild to moderate carpal tunnel syndrome. Material and Methods: The present investigation is a prospective randomised controlled open label study, performed at our Hand Surgery Department (Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome) from October 2018 to March 2019. The enrolled patients were divided in two groups: Group A (ALA-R 600mg once day for 60 days) and Group B (control Group, no drug administration). Results: 134 patients (74 F, 60 M) met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. In Group A, there was a statistically significant pain reduction compared to the control Group. Using the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire, there were no significant improvements in the other symptoms and function. Conclusion: ALA-R full dose administration for two months leads to positive short term results in terms of symptoms and function improvement, even if the surgical carpal tunnel release remains the treatment of choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Passiatore
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - A Perna
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - R De-Vitis
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - G Taccardo
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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4
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Kucherenko AS, Kostenko AA, Komogortsev AN, Lichitsky BV, Fedotov MY, Zlotin SG. C2-Symmetric Chiral Squaramide, Recyclable Organocatalyst for Asymmetric Michael Reactions. J Org Chem 2019; 84:4304-4311. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S. Kucherenko
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey A. Kostenko
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey N. Komogortsev
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Boris V. Lichitsky
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Michael Yu. Fedotov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Sergei G. Zlotin
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
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5
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Brännström S, Johansson M, Malmström E. Enzymatically Synthesized Vinyl Ether-Disulfide Monomer Enabling an Orthogonal Combination of Free Radical and Cationic Chemistry toward Sustainable Functional Networks. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:1308-1316. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Brännström
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Johansson
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Malmström
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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6
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Nehls M. Unified theory of Alzheimer's disease (UTAD): implications for prevention and curative therapy. J Mol Psychiatry 2016; 4:3. [PMID: 27429752 PMCID: PMC4947325 DOI: 10.1186/s40303-016-0018-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to propose a Unified Theory of Alzheimer's disease (UTAD) that integrates all key behavioural, genetic and environmental risk factors in a causal chain of etiological and pathogenetic events. It is based on three concepts that emanate from human's evolutionary history: (1) The grandmother-hypothesis (GMH), which explains human longevity due to an evolutionary advantage in reproduction by trans-generational transfer of acquired knowledge. Consequently it is argued that mental health at old-age must be the default pathway of humans' genetic program and not development of AD. (2) Therefore, mechanism like neuronal rejuvenation (NRJ) and adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) that still function efficiently even at old age provide the required lifelong ability to memorize personal experiences important for survival. Cumulative evidence from a multitude of experimental and epidemiological studies indicate that behavioural and environmental risk factors, which impair productive AHN, result in reduced episodic memory performance and in reduced psychological resilience. This leads to avoidance of novelty, dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis and cortisol hypersecretion, which drives key pathogenic mechanisms of AD like the accumulation and oligomerization of synaptotoxic amyloid beta, chronic neuroinflammation and neuronal insulin resistance. (3) By applying to AHN the law of the minimum (LOM), which defines the basic requirements of biological growth processes, the UTAD explains why and how different lifestyle deficiencies initiate the AD process by impairing AHN and causing dysregulation of the HPA-axis, and how environmental and genetic risk factors such as toxins or ApoE4, respectively, turn into disease accelerators under these unnatural conditions. Consequently, the UTAD provides a rational strategy for the prevention of mental decline and a system-biological approach for the causal treatment of AD, which might even be curative if the systemic intervention is initiated early enough in the disease process. Hence an individualized system-biological treatment of patients with early AD is proposed as a test for the validity of UTAD and outlined in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Nehls
- Independent Researcher, Allmendweg 1, 79279 Vörstetten, Germany
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7
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Moxley MA, Beard DA, Bazil JN. Global Kinetic Analysis of Mammalian E3 Reveals pH-dependent NAD+/NADH Regulation, Physiological Kinetic Reversibility, and Catalytic Optimum. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:2712-30. [PMID: 26644471 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.676619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian E3 is an essential mitochondrial enzyme responsible for catalyzing the terminal reaction in the oxidative catabolism of several metabolites. E3 is a key regulator of metabolic fuel selection as a component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHc). E3 regulates PDHc activity by altering the affinity of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, an inhibitor of the enzyme complex, through changes in reduction and acetylation state of lipoamide moieties set by the NAD(+)/NADH ratio. Thus, an accurate kinetic model of E3 is needed to predict overall mammalian PDHc activity. Here, we have combined numerous literature data sets and new equilibrium spectroscopic experiments with a multitude of independently collected forward and reverse steady-state kinetic assays using pig heart E3. The latter kinetic assays demonstrate a pH-dependent transition of NAD(+) activation to inhibition, shown here, to our knowledge, for the first time in a single consistent data set. Experimental data were analyzed to yield a thermodynamically constrained four-redox-state model of E3 that simulates pH-dependent activation/inhibition and active site redox states for various conditions. The developed model was used to determine substrate/product conditions that give maximal E3 rates and show that, due to non-Michaelis-Menten behavior, the maximal flux is different compared with the classically defined kcat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Moxley
- From the Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Daniel A Beard
- From the Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Jason N Bazil
- From the Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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8
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Zhang YJ, Zhang WX, Zheng GW, Xu JH. Identification of an ε-Keto Ester Reductase for the Efficient Synthesis of an (R
)-α-Lipoic Acid Precursor. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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9
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Rentier C, Pacini G, Nuti F, Peroni E, Rovero P, Papini AM. Synthesis of diastereomerically pure Lys(N
ε
-lipoyl) building blocks and their use in Fmoc/tBu solid phase synthesis of lipoyl-containing peptides for diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis. J Pept Sci 2015; 21:408-14. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Rentier
- French-Italian Interdepartmental Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry & Biology - PeptLab
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique EA4505; University of Cergy-Pontoise; 5 mail Gay-Lussac, Neuville-sur-Oise 95000 Cergy-Pontoise France
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”; University of Florence; Via della Lastruccia 3/13 I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Giulia Pacini
- French-Italian Interdepartmental Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry & Biology - PeptLab
- Department NeuroFarBa, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences; University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6; I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Francesca Nuti
- French-Italian Interdepartmental Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry & Biology - PeptLab
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”; University of Florence; Via della Lastruccia 3/13 I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Elisa Peroni
- French-Italian Interdepartmental Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry & Biology - PeptLab
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique EA4505; University of Cergy-Pontoise; 5 mail Gay-Lussac, Neuville-sur-Oise 95000 Cergy-Pontoise France
| | - Paolo Rovero
- French-Italian Interdepartmental Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry & Biology - PeptLab
- Department NeuroFarBa, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences; University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6; I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Anna Maria Papini
- French-Italian Interdepartmental Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry & Biology - PeptLab
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique EA4505; University of Cergy-Pontoise; 5 mail Gay-Lussac, Neuville-sur-Oise 95000 Cergy-Pontoise France
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”; University of Florence; Via della Lastruccia 3/13 I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
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Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy of α-lipoic acid (ALA) in reducing scarring after trabeculectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighteen adult New Zealand white rabbits underwent trabeculectomy. During trabeculectomy, thin sponges were placed between the sclera and Tenon's capsule for 3 minutes, saline solution, mitomycin-C (MMC) and ALA was applied to the control group (CG) (n=6 eyes), MMC group (MMCG) (n=6 eyes), and ALA group (ALAG) (n=6 eyes), respectively. After surgery, topical saline and ALA was applied for 28 days to the control and ALAGs, respectively. Filtrating bleb patency was evaluated by using 0.1% trepan blue. Hematoxylin and eosin and Masson trichrome staining for toxicity, total cellularity, and collagen organization; α-smooth muscle actin immunohistochemistry staining performed for myofibroblast phenotype identification. RESULTS Clinical evaluation showed that all 6 blebs (100%) of the CG had failed, whereas there were only 2 failures (33%) in the ALAG and no failures in the MMCG on day 28. Histologic evaluation showed significantly lower inflammatory cell infiltration in the ALAGs and CGs than the MMCG. Toxicity change was more significant in the MMCG than the control and ALAGs. Collagen was better organized in the ALAG than control and MMCGs. In immunohistochemistry evaluation, ALA significantly reduced the population of cells expressing α-smooth muscle action. CONCLUSIONS ΑLA prevents and/or reduces fibrosis by inhibition of inflammation pathways, revascularization, and accumulation of extracellular matrix. It can be used as an agent for delaying tissue regeneration and for providing a more functional-permanent fistula.
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11
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Castañeda-Arriaga R, Alvarez-Idaboy JR. Lipoic acid and dihydrolipoic acid. A comprehensive theoretical study of their antioxidant activity supported by available experimental kinetic data. J Chem Inf Model 2014; 54:1642-52. [PMID: 24881907 DOI: 10.1021/ci500213p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The free radical scavenging activity of lipoic acid (LA) and dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) has been studied in nonpolar and aqueous solutions, using the density functional theory and several oxygen centered radicals. It was found that lipoic acid is capable of scavenging only very reactive radicals, while the dehydrogenated form is an excellent scavenger via a hydrogen transfer mechanism. The environment plays an important role in the free radical scavenging activity of DHLA because in water it is deprotonated, and this enhances its activity. In particular, the reaction rate constant of DHLA in water with an HOO(•) radical is close to the diffusion limit. This has been explained on the basis of the strong H-bonding interactions found in the transition state, which involve the carboxylate moiety, and it might have implications for other biological systems in which this group is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Castañeda-Arriaga
- Departamento de Física y Química Teórica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico , Av Universidad 3000, Copilco Universidad, Coyoacán, Ciudad de Mexico DF 04510, Mexico
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12
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Amin KA, Hashem KS, Al-muzafar HM, Taha EM. Oxidative hepatotoxicity effects of monocrotaline and its amelioration by lipoic acid, S-adenosyl methionine and vitamin E. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 11:35-41. [PMID: 24413220 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2013-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Liver is the major site for several xenobiotics metabolism, and formation of toxic metabolites that may be hepatotoxic, therefore the burden of metabolism and exposure to dangerous chemicals make liver vulnerable to a variety of disorders. Our work aimed to investigate the effects of some antioxidants such as lipoic acid (LA), S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) and vitamin E in a trail to investigate the possibility of using these substances to relieve and protect liver from exposure to monocrotaline (MCT). Twenty-five mature adult rats were classified into five groups (five rats in each group), control group, MCT-induced hepatic damage, LA+MCT, SAM+MCT and vitamin E+MCT group. Homogenates of liver samples were used for measuring the oxidative biomarkers and hepatic antioxidant status. The results showed that administration of vitamin E, SAM and LA caused a significant increase in liver glutathione contents, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase activities and a significant decrease in hepatic catalase and superoxide dismutase. We could conclude that administration of natural LA, SAM and vitamin E before and after MCT injection modulate the hepatic oxidative stresses induced by MCT in various extents.
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13
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Parente E, Colannino G, Ferrara P. Efficacy of Magnesium and Alpha Lipoic Acid Supplementation in Reducing Premature Uterine Contractions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/ojog.2014.49082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Zhao L, Raval V, Briggs NEB, Bhardwaj RM, McGlone T, Oswald IDH, Florence AJ. From discovery to scale-up: α-lipoic acid : nicotinamide co-crystals in a continuous oscillatory baffled crystalliser. CrystEngComm 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ce00154k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Discovery, characterisation and scale-up of novel α-lipoic acid co-crystals using continuous crystallisation in a COBC is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Zhao
- EPSRC Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Continuous Manufacturing and Crystallisation c/o Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow, UK
| | - Vishal Raval
- EPSRC Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Continuous Manufacturing and Crystallisation c/o Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow, UK
| | - Naomi E. B. Briggs
- EPSRC Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Continuous Manufacturing and Crystallisation c/o Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow, UK
| | - Rajni M. Bhardwaj
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences
- University of Strathclyde
- , UK
| | - Thomas McGlone
- EPSRC Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Continuous Manufacturing and Crystallisation c/o Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow, UK
| | - Iain D. H. Oswald
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences
- University of Strathclyde
- , UK
| | - Alastair J. Florence
- EPSRC Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Continuous Manufacturing and Crystallisation c/o Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow, UK
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15
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Nasole E, Nicoletti C, Yang ZJ, Girelli A, Rubini A, Giuffreda F, Di Tano A, Camporesi E, Bosco G. Effects of alpha lipoic acid and its R+ enantiomer supplemented to hyperbaric oxygen therapy on interleukin-6, TNF-α and EGF production in chronic leg wound healing. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2013; 29:297-302. [PMID: 23360079 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2012.759951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Lipoic acid (LA) and hyperbaric oxygenation therapy (HBOT) improve chronic wound healing. OBJECTIVE We compared the effects of LA or its enantiomer R-(+)-lipoic acid (RLA) on wound healing. MATERIALS AND METHODS Groups LA + HBOT (L), RLA + HBOT (R) and placebo + HBOT (P). Lesion areas measured before treatment and on 20th and 40th day. The biopsies and plasma were harvested before treatment and on 7th and 14th (measurements of VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; EGF, epidermal growth factor, TNF-α and IL-6). RESULTS Ulcers improved more on RLA. In both L and R groups, EGF and VEFG increased in time. RLA decreased IL-6 on T7 and T14, which did not happen with LA. TNF-α levels decreased on T14 in both LA and RLA. DISCUSSION The improved wound healing is associated with increased EGF and VEGF and reduced plasma TNF-α and IL-6. CONCLUSION RLA may be more effective than LA in improving chronic wound healing in patients undergoing HBO therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Nasole
- Istituto Iperbarico SpA, Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine Unit in Villafranca , Verona , Italy
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16
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Abstract
The alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (KGDHC) is an important mitochondrial constituent, and deficiency of KGDHC is associated with a number of neurological disorders. KGDHC is composed of three proteins, each encoded on a different and well-characterized gene. The sequences of the human proteins are known. The organization of the proteins into a large, ordered multienzyme complex (a "metabolon") has been well studied in prokaryotic and eukaryotic species. KGDHC catalyzes a critical step in the Krebs tricarboxylic acid cycle, which is also a step in the metabolism of the potentially excitotoxic neurotransmitter glutamate. A number of metabolites modify the activity of KGDHC, including inactivation by 4-hydroxynonenal and other reactive oxygen species (ROS). In human brain, the activity of KGDHC is lower than that of any other enzyme of energy metabolism, including phosphofructokinase, aconitase, and the electron transport complexes. Deficiencies of KGDHC are likely to impair brain energy metabolism and therefore brain function, and lead to manifestations of brain disease. In general, the clinical manifestations of KGDHC deficiency relate to the severity of the deficiency. Several such disorders have been recognized: infantile lactic acidosis, psychomotor retardation in childhood, intermittent neuropsychiatric disease with ataxia and other motor manifestations, Friedreich's and other spinocerebellar ataxias, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease (AD). A KGDHC gene has been associated with the first two and last two of these disorders. KGDHC is not uniformly distributed in human brain, and the neurons that appear selectively vulnerable in human temporal cortex in AD are enriched in KGDHC. We hypothesize that variations in KGDHC that are not deleterious during reproductive life become deleterious with aging, perhaps by predisposing this mitochondrial metabolon to oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- K F Sheu
- Dementia Research Service, Burke Medical Research Institute, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, White Plains, New York 10605, USA
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Increased catalytic performance of the 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase complexes in the presence of thioredoxin, a thiol–disulfide oxidoreductase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1177(99)00054-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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