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Simon L, Boukari F, Oumarou HA, Hubiche T, Marty P, Pomares C, Delaunay P. Anthrenus sp. and an Uncommon Cluster of Dermatitis. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 27:1940-1943. [PMID: 34152950 PMCID: PMC8237892 DOI: 10.3201/eid2707.203245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We report patients in their homes in France who had cutaneous lesions caused by Anthrenus sp. larvae during the end of winter and into spring. These lesions mimic bites but are allergic reactions to larvae hairs pegged in the skin. These lesions should be distinguished from bites of bed bugs or fleas.
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Montag A, Mebs D, Oppel E. [Anthrenus dermatitis : Case report with suggestions regarding causes and consequences]. Hautarzt 2021; 72:805-814. [PMID: 33512562 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-021-04757-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Beetles of the genus Anthrenus are widespread worldwide and are quite common as grain and stock pests, especially in rural regions and suburban areas. The larvae of the beetles can trigger skin and occasionally mucosal reactions upon contact. The unfamiliar but typical image of "Anthrenus dermatitis" can easily be misinterpreted if beetle larvae are not detected or a causal link with them is not suspected. In the present article, the causes of Anthrenus dermatitis are discussed using as an example the larva of the woolly flower beetle (Anthrenus verbasci). For the examination of allergic causes, a prick-to-prick test with native larval material was performed in a patient and the specific IgE was determined by CAP coupling as well as in addition to a commercially available ImmunoCAP against larvae of a related beetle species. With the help of an immunoblot, an attempt was made to determine the responsible allergens in the native larval tissue. Important anatomical fine structures of the larva of a woolly herb flower beetle were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy to understand functional processes that lead to the clinical picture of Anthrenus dermatitis. Our allergological findings suggest an IgE-mediated, immediate-type allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Montag
- Praxis für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Schweriner Str. 17, 22143, Hamburg, Deutschland.
| | - Dietrich Mebs
- Institut für Rechtsmedizin, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt a. Main, Frankfurt a. Main, Deutschland
| | - Eva Oppel
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Klinikum der Ludwigs-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Deutschland
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Gumina ME, Yan AC. Carpet beetle dermatitis mimicking bullous impetigo. Pediatr Dermatol 2021; 38:329-331. [PMID: 33247445 DOI: 10.1111/pde.14453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A 13-year-old female patient presented with a 3-month history of recurrent blisters, which ruptured into multiple superficial erosions with overlying crust located on the face, neck, and shoulder. Treatment for presumed bullous impetigo showed no benefit. Samples collected from the patient's home revealed the presence of numerous carpet beetles in a wool rug. Carpet beetle dermatitis resembles papular urticaria but may occasionally present as skin lesions resembling bullous impetigo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Gumina
- Section of Dermatology, Division of General Pediatrics, Departments of Pediatrics and Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Albert C Yan
- Section of Dermatology, Division of General Pediatrics, Departments of Pediatrics and Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Ruzzier E, Kadej M, Battisti A. Occurrence, ecological function and medical importance of dermestid beetle hastisetae. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8340. [PMID: 32002326 PMCID: PMC6983295 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hastisetae are a specific group of detachable setae characterizing the larvae of Megatominae (Coleoptera: Dermestidae), commonly known as carpet and khapra beetles. These setae are located on both thoracic and abdominal tergites and they are the primary defense of the larva against invertebrate predators. According to previous studies, the main purpose of hastisetae is to work as a mechanical obstacle, but they are also capable to block and kill a predator. Hastisetae, single or aggregate, function as an extremely efficient mechanical trap, based on an entangling mechanism of cuticular structures (spines and hairs) and body appendages (antennae, legs and mouthparts). It is believed that this defensive system evolved primarily to contrast predation by invertebrates, however it has been observed that hastisetae may affect vertebrates as well. Although information on the impacts of vertebrate predators of the beetles is lacking, hastisetae have been shown to be a possible threat for human health as an important contaminant of stored products (food and fabric), work and living environment. Review of past and recent literature on dermestid larvae has revealed that despite these structures indicated as one of the distinctive characters in species identification, very little is known about their ultrastructure, evolution and mechanism of action. In the present work, we will provide the state of knowledge on hastisetae in Dermestidae and we will present and discuss future research perspectives intended to bridge the existing knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Ruzzier
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and the Environment (DAFNAE), Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marcin Kadej
- Department of Invertebrate Biology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Andrea Battisti
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and the Environment (DAFNAE), Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
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Hoverson K, Wohltmann WE, Pollack RJ, Schissel DJ. Dermestid Dermatitis in a 2-Year-Old Girl: Case Report and Review of the Literature. Pediatr Dermatol 2015; 32:e228-33. [PMID: 26250481 DOI: 10.1111/pde.12641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Dermatitis from contact with carpet, larder, and hide beetles (family Dermestidae) is a seemingly uncommon or underrecognized hypersensitivity reaction to the specialized hairs on the larvae of certain dermestid beetles. The erythematous papulovesicular dermatitis that may result from such contact can be mistakenly construed as evidence of bites of bedbugs or other arthropods or infestation with scabies mites or can be the basis for a diagnosis of delusory parasitosis. We present a case of dermestid dermatitis in a 2-year-old girl and provide a review of the current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wendi E Wohltmann
- Departments of Pathology and Dermatology, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado
| | - Richard J Pollack
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,IdentifyUS, Newton, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel J Schissel
- Department of Dermatology, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany
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MacArthur KM, Richardson V, Novoa RA, Stewart CL, Rosenbach M. Carpet beetle dermatitis: a possibly under-recognized entity. Int J Dermatol 2015; 55:577-9. [PMID: 26475226 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.12952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M MacArthur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Veronica Richardson
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Roberto A Novoa
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Campbell L Stewart
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Misha Rosenbach
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Abstract
The collection, handling, identification, and reporting of ectoparasitic arthropods in clinical and reference diagnostic laboratories are discussed in this review. Included are data on ticks, mites, lice, fleas, myiasis-causing flies, and bed bugs. The public health importance of these organisms is briefly discussed. The focus is on the morphological identification and proper handling and reporting of cases involving arthropod ectoparasites, particularly those encountered in the United States. Other arthropods and other organisms not of public health concern, but routinely submitted to laboratories for identification, are also briefly discussed.
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Abstract
Arthropods are important in medicine for a multitude of reasons. Their bites and stings may induce allergic reactions, ranging from annoying to life-threatening. Many arthropod products are also capable of inciting allergic responses in sensitized persons. In recent years, bites and stings have gained greater attention owing to increased concern about disease transmission. A common hypersensitivity response to arthropod bites, stings, and products is papular urticaria. This eruption occurs primarily in children, who eventually "outgrow" this disease, probably through desensitization after multiple arthropod exposures. Papular urticaria is most often caused by fleas or bedbugs, but virtually any arthropod is capable of inducing such a reaction. Two arthropod classes of medical importance are the Arachnida (spiders, scorpions, ticks, and mites) and the Insecta (lice, fleas, bedbugs, flies, bees, and ants). Animals in these two classes are probably responsible for more morbidity and mortality worldwide than are any other group of venomous creatures. In general, the diagnosis of arthropod bites and stings is dependent on maintenance of a high index of suspicion and familiarity with the arthropod fauna not only in one's region of practice, but also in the travel regions of one's patients. Learning objective At the completion of this learning activity, participants should be familiar with the clinical manifestations caused by a variety of arthropods as well as the treatment and possible sequelae of arthropod attacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Steen
- Department of Dermatology, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103-2714, USA
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RAMACHANDRAN S, HERN J, ALMEYDA J, MAIN J, PATEL K. Contact dermatitis with cervical lymphadenopathy following exposure to the hide beetle, Dermestes peruvianus. Br J Dermatol 1997. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.1997.01828.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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RAMACHANDRAN S, HERN J, ALMEYDA J, MAIN J, PATEL K. Contact dermatitis with cervical lymphadenopathy following exposure to the hide beetle, Dermestes peruvianus. Br J Dermatol 1997. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1997.tb03940.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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