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Yamaguchi A, Kurihara Y, Nagata K, Tanaka K, Higaki S, Kobayashi T, Tanida H, Ohara Y, Yokoyama K, Yaita T, Yoshimura T, Okumura M, Takahashi Y. Molecular geochemistry of radium: A key to understanding cation adsorption reaction on clay minerals. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 661:317-332. [PMID: 38301469 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.01.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Adsorption reactions of various cations on clay minerals have different effects on their environmental behaviors depending on the molecular-scale adsorption structure. Some cations form outer-sphere complexes via hydration, while others create inner-sphere complexes through dehydration. This preference dictates their environmental impact. However, the factors controlling these complex formations remain unclear. Furthermore, research on the adsorption preferences of radium (Ra) is lacking. Thus, this study conducted the first EXAFS study of Ra2+ adsorbed on clay minerals and showed that Ra2+ forms inner-sphere complexes on vermiculite, which can be surprising because Ra2+ is a divalent cation and prefers to be hydrated. In order to investigate the factors controlling the complex formations, this study conducted systematic EXAFS measurements and DFT calculations for alkali and alkaline earth metal cations. The results showed the importance of the size-matching effect between the adsorbed cation and the cavity of the tetrahedral sheets and that the complex formation can be estimated by the combination of the ionic radius and hydration enthalpy of the adsorbed cation. Furthermore, this study also analyzed environmental core samples. Their results showed the fixation of Ra2+ by clay minerals and the controlling factors can effectively predict cation environmental behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Yamaguchi
- Center for Computational Science and e-Systems, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-0871, Japan; Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan; Materials Sciences Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan; Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Yuichi Kurihara
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Ningyo-toge Environmental Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Kagamino-cho, Tomata-gun, Okayama 708-0698, Japan; Department of Nuclear Technology, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka-shi, Niigata 940-2188, Japan
| | - Kojiro Nagata
- Radioisotope Research Center, Institute for Radiation Sciences Osaka University, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuya Tanaka
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan; Ningyo-toge Environmental Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Kagamino-cho, Tomata-gun, Okayama 708-0698, Japan
| | - Shogo Higaki
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Tohru Kobayashi
- Materials Sciences Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Hajime Tanida
- Materials Sciences Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Ohara
- Environmental Sales Department, Environment Business Department, Nihon Kaisui Co., LTD., Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Keiichi Yokoyama
- Materials Sciences Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Yaita
- Materials Sciences Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Takashi Yoshimura
- Radioisotope Research Center, Institute for Radiation Sciences Osaka University, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahiko Okumura
- Center for Computational Science and e-Systems, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshio Takahashi
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
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Shah SSA, Asif AR, Ilahi M, Haroon H, Islam I, Qadir A, Nisar I, Sani MMU, Iqbal R, Rahman MHU, Arslan M, Alwahibi MS, Elshikh MS, Ditta A. Geographical distribution of radon and associated health risks in drinking water samples collected from the Mulazai area of Peshawar, Pakistan. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6042. [PMID: 38472226 PMCID: PMC10933375 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55017-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Geospatial methods, such as GIS and remote sensing, map radon levels, pinpoint high-risk areas and connect geological traits to radon presence. These findings direct health planning, focusing tests, mitigation, and policies where radon levels are high. Overall, geospatial analyses offer vital insights, shaping interventions and policies to reduce health risks from radon exposure. There is a formidable threat to human well-being posed by the naturally occurring carcinogenic radon (222Rn) gas due to high solubility in water. Under the current scenario, it is crucial to assess the extent of 222Rn pollution in our drinking water sources across various regions and thoroughly investigate the potential health hazards it poses. In this regard, the present study was conducted to investigate the concentration of 222Rn in groundwater samples collected from handpumps and wells and to estimate health risks associated with the consumption of 222Rn-contaminated water. For this purpose, groundwater samples (n = 30) were collected from handpumps, and wells located in the Mulazai area, District Peshawar. The RAD7 radon detector was used as per international standards to assess the concentration of 222Rn in the collected water samples. The results unveiled that the levels of 222Rn in the collected samples exceeded the acceptable thresholds set by the US Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA) of 11.1 Bq L-1. Nevertheless, it was determined that the average annual dose was below the recommended limit of 0.1 mSv per year, as advised by both the European Union Council and the World Health Organization. In order to avoid the harmful effects of such excessive 222Rn concentrations on human health, proper ventilation and storage of water in storage reservoirs for a long time before use is recommended to lower the 222Rn concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Samran Ali Shah
- School of Computing and Engineering, University of West London, Ealing, London, UK
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rahim Asif
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Manzoor Ilahi
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
- GIS & Space Applications in Geosciences (G-SAG) Lab, National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Haseeb Haroon
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Ihtisham Islam
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
- Department of Geology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal, Dir (U), 18000, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Qadir
- Pakistan Museum of Natural History, Shakarparian National Park, Garden Ave, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Nisar
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | | | - Rashid Iqbal
- Department of Agronomy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammed Habib Ur Rahman
- Agroecology and Organic Farming Group, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Crop Science, INRES, University of Bonn, Germany, Bonn, Germany
| | - Muhammad Arslan
- Agroecology and Organic Farming Group, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Mona S Alwahibi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Allah Ditta
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal, Dir (U), 18000, Pakistan.
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
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Zhou W, Wang H, Zhong Q, Shao Y, Zhou D, Yu X. Characterizing 226Ra and its daughters in coastal zone groundwater of a typical human-activity affected bay: occurrence, safety, and source evaluation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:8703-8718. [PMID: 38180669 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31784-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Due to their extremely toxic properties, 226Ra and it daughters (222Rn, 210Pb, and 210Po) in drinking groundwater require monitoring. Recent studies have reported exceptionally high levels of natural 210Po (up to 10,000 Bq/m3), 226Ra, and 222Rn isotopes in groundwater. This study aims to provide background data on 226Ra and its daughter radionuclides in the typical agricultural-industrial Dongshan Bay (DSB) before the construction of Zhangzhou Nuclear Power Plant (Zhangzhou NPP). The measurement results indicate that no abnormally high activities of 210Po and 210Pb were detected in the investigated wells. Strong positive correlations between 210Pb and 210Po, as well as between 222Rn and 210Pb activities, suggest that the origins of 210Pb and 210Po in groundwater are strongly influenced by the decay of the parent radionuclides 222Rn and 210Pb, respectively. In the DSB coastal zone groundwater, significant deficiencies of 210Po relative to 210Pb and 210Pb relative to 222Rn were observed, providing further evidence that 210Po and 210Pb are also effectively scavenged due to their geochemical properties (specifically particle affinity) within the groundwater-aquifer system. A systematic comparison among all relevant water bodies in the DSB revealed that the activity concentrations of 210Pb and 210Po in groundwater were the highest, except for rainwater. Based on the evaluation of 210Pb sources, the results imply that submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is an important pathway for transferring radionuclides (such as 210Pb) from land to the nearshore marine environment, even though the study area has a lower 210Pb background groundwater. By considering all the 210Pb's sources in the DSB, we found low 210Pb background groundwater discharge still needs to be taken into account for small-scale bays. This is because SGD was calculated to be one of the most important 210Pb sources in the bay during observation season. Regardless of whether the system is in a normal state or a nuclear accident emergency state, greater attention should be paid to the groundwater discharge of radionuclides into the ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Zhou
- Ministry of Natural Resources, National Ocean Technology Center, Tianjin, 300112, China
- Ministry of Natural Resources, Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation Technology, Tianjin, 300112, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Ministry of Natural Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, 184 # DaXue Road, Siming District, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian Province, China
| | - Qiangqiang Zhong
- Ministry of Natural Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, 184 # DaXue Road, Siming District, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian Province, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Yi Shao
- Ministry of Natural Resources, National Ocean Technology Center, Tianjin, 300112, China
- Ministry of Natural Resources, Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation Technology, Tianjin, 300112, China
| | - Da Zhou
- Ministry of Natural Resources, National Ocean Technology Center, Tianjin, 300112, China
- Ministry of Natural Resources, Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation Technology, Tianjin, 300112, China
| | - Xueqing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
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Khutia S, Dawn A, Seal K, Chaudhuri H, Maji C, Mukherjee S. Age-dependent potential health risk assessment due to radioactive radon-222 in the environs of highly populated Durgapur industrial zone and nearby Bakreswar hot spring, India. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:5727-5759. [PMID: 36646974 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01478-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that exposure to a high concentration of radon-222 causes severe health effects, including cancer. The present article includes a survey on radon-222 in the water bodies of the city Durgapur [non-geothermal area] and nearby Bakreswar hot spring [geothermal province], India. The possible sources of radon from natural radionuclides and industries have been discussed in the article. Durgapur is a densely populated [~ 3680 persons/km2] industrial city with a population of 0.57 million. On the other hand, many tourists and pilgrims usually visit Bakreswar throughout the year. Age-dependent potential health risk assessments of the dwellers at Durgapur and Bakreswar due to radon exposure were performed for the first time. The present work is the first attempt to estimate the mean ingestion /and inhalation dose per annum, total effective dose [TED] per annum and the health risk assessment for cancer in adults, children and infants due to radon exposure at Durgapur and Bakreswar. In some cases, the values of TED exceed the permissible limit of 100 micro Sievert per year [µSv/y] as recommended by EUC and WHO. The radiation profile maps relating to radon concentration and associated contour maps of health risk factors [HRF] for the adults, children and infants were also prepared for the first time. Some areas were identified as high-risk zones, and the dwellers are prone to a high risk of cancer. The article also proposed several techniques to reduce radon in water and buildings. The authors also recommended banning some water sources to protect people from radon risk. This study will help scientists, policymakers, industrialists, farmers, government agencies and public health departments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saroj Khutia
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, MG Avenue, Durgapur, India
| | - Ankita Dawn
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, MG Avenue, Durgapur, India
- Department of Physics, Durgapur Women's College, MG Avenue, Durgapur, India
| | - Kankana Seal
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, MG Avenue, Durgapur, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, MG Avenue, Durgapur, India
| | - Hirok Chaudhuri
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, MG Avenue, Durgapur, India.
- Center for Research on Environment and Water (CREW), National Institute of Technology Durgapur, MG Avenue, Durgapur, India.
| | - Chiranjit Maji
- Department of Science (Physics), Quantum School of Graduate Studies, Quantum University, Roorkee, India
| | - Suvashree Mukherjee
- Center for Research on Environment and Water (CREW), National Institute of Technology Durgapur, MG Avenue, Durgapur, India
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Shvarts AA, Kaplan EM, Rumynin VG, Borovitskaya EY, Erzova VA. Natural radioactivity of groundwater in Vendian deposits in St. Petersburg Region. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2023; 264:107189. [PMID: 37167645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2023.107189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The study is focused on the hydrogeological conditions and the chemistry of groundwater of the Vendian aquifer in the western part of the Leningrad oblast (Karelian Isthmus and the area near Sosnovy Bor town) and St. Petersburg City, where groundwater features higher radioactivity, but nevertheless it is used for drinking water supply. Data on the radiological characteristics, which have been determined in the estimation of the quality of groundwater used for drinking are generalized and analyzed. These characteristics include the gross alpha and gross beta activity and the specific activity of natural radionuclides 222Rn, 226Ra, 228Ra, 210Pb, 210Po, 238U, and 234U. The data were subjected to statistical and correlation analysis to determine the hygienic criteria for the use of groundwater of this aquifer for drinking water supply and to study the sources and the processes of formation of the natural radiological background. Groundwater quality standards were shown to be exceeded in the majority of the analyzed wells. The brackish water in the southern, deeper, part of the aquifer system was shown to have higher radioactivity and relatively high concentrations of 226Ra, 228Ra, 210Pb, and 210Po, compared with fresh water in the northern part of the territory, of which higher, though nonuniform, 222Rn activity is typical. Relationships between the radiation characteristics of groundwater are considered along with the causes of formation of groundwater radionuclide composition as a result of the higher radioactivity of the host deposits and the chemistry of groundwater; changes in the radiological and hydrochemical background groundwater characteristics from the north to the south are characterized in accordance with the subsidence of the aquifer system and an increase in the stagnation of the hydrochemical regime. The analysis of the well-known relationship between the concentrations of radium isotopes in groundwater, uranium and thorium isotopes in the host rocks, and groundwater residence time in the aquifer, along with the comparison of the available field data with calculation results, suggested the conclusion that the concentration of uranium in the water-bearing rocks in the major portion of the area under consideration is higher than its regional mean values.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Shvarts
- St. Petersburg Division, Sergeev Institute of Environmental Geology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Srednii Prosp. 41, St. Petersburg, 199004, Russia; Institute of Earth Sciences, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab., 7-9, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - E M Kaplan
- St. Petersburg Division, Sergeev Institute of Environmental Geology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Srednii Prosp. 41, St. Petersburg, 199004, Russia; Institute of Earth Sciences, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab., 7-9, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - V G Rumynin
- St. Petersburg Division, Sergeev Institute of Environmental Geology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Srednii Prosp. 41, St. Petersburg, 199004, Russia; Institute of Earth Sciences, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab., 7-9, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia.
| | - E Yu Borovitskaya
- SUE Vodokanal Sankt-Peterburga, Kavalergardskaya st. 42, St. Petersburg, 191015, Russia
| | - V A Erzova
- St. Petersburg Division, Sergeev Institute of Environmental Geology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Srednii Prosp. 41, St. Petersburg, 199004, Russia
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Radiological indices estimation from radon concentration in selected groundwater supplies in Abeokuta, south western Nigeria. Appl Radiat Isot 2022; 191:110534. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Muhammad AN, Ismail AF, Garba NN. Annual effective dose associated with radioactivity in drinking water from tin mining areas in North-western Nigeria. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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Aladeniyi K, Olowookere CJ, Khandaker MU, Alsufyani SJ. Evaluation of Radiological Health Risks in Popularly Consumed Brands of Sachet Water in Nigeria. Front Public Health 2022; 10:917422. [PMID: 35923963 PMCID: PMC9340260 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.917422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiological investigation of 35 brands of most popularly used sachet drinking water in Ondo state, Nigeria has been carried out using a spectrometric method for evaluating the concomitant health risks to the members of the public. Activity concentrations of the investigated radionuclides 40K, 226R, and 228Ra were in the range from 16.35 ± 4.10 to 199.94 ± 38.40 Bq L−1 with an arithmetic mean (AM) of 66.22 ± 54.99 Bq L−1, from 1.35± 0.79 to 17.06 ± 5.13 Bq L−1 with an AM of 6.88 ± 3.66 Bq L−1, and from 1.95 ± 0.08 to 17.22 ± 3.87 Bq L−1 with an AM of 9.49 ± 4.98 Bq L−1, respectively. The determined annual effective doses and the corresponding excess lifetime cancer risks due to 226Ra and 228Ra were found to exceed the acceptable limits of 0.1 mSv y−1 and 10−3 respectively, as suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO). This implies a non-negligible carcinogenic health hazard due to the intake of the surveyed drinking water, especially for the lactating babies (0–1) y and teenagers (12–17) y. The data from this research may form an invaluable component of radiometric values of the database in Nigeria, as well as the world for setting up guidelines and control policies for the use of sachet water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehinde Aladeniyi
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
- *Correspondence: Kehinde Aladeniyi
| | | | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- Department of General Educational Development, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sultan J. Alsufyani
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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Yamaguchi A, Nagata K, Kobayashi K, Tanaka K, Kobayashi T, Tanida H, Shimojo K, Sekiguchi T, Kaneta Y, Matsuda S, Yokoyama K, Yaita T, Yoshimura T, Okumura M, Takahashi Y. EXAFS spectroscopy measurements and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations reveal the hydration structure of the radium(II) ion. iScience 2022; 25:104763. [PMID: 35992079 PMCID: PMC9386089 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Radium is refocused from the viewpoint of an environmental pollutant and cancer therapy using alpha particles, where it mainly exists as a hydrated ion. We investigated the radium hydration structure and the dynamics of water molecules by extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulation. The EXAFS experiment showed that the coordination number and average distance between radium ion and the oxygen atoms in the first hydration shell are 9.2 ± 1.9 and 2.87 ± 0.06 Å, respectively. They are consistent with those obtained from the AIMD simulations, 8.4 and 2.88 Å. The AIMD simulations also revealed that the water molecules in the first hydration shell of radium are less structured and more mobile than those of barium, which is an analogous element of radium. Our results indicate that radium can be more labile than barium in terms of interactions with water. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurement revealed the hydration structure of radium ion Ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulation brought consistent results AIMD revealed the structural and dynamic properties of the water molecules The hydration structure of radium ion is more labile than that of barium ion
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Naskar AK, Gazi M, Mondal M, Deb A. Water radon risk in Susunia hill area: an assessment in terms of radiation dose. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:11160-11171. [PMID: 34528208 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16362-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Radiological impact of radon in air is a global issue whereas radon in water has local consequences. Considering its importance, we have conducted a study on radon activity measurements in 316 tube-well water samples collected from Susunia hill area in Bankura district of West Bengal, India during the period of 25th December 2018-2nd February 2020. Radon contents are measured using AlphaGUARD radon monitor. The obtained radon activities in drinking water samples lie between 1.78 ± 0.07 and 3213.50 ± 77.32 Bq/l with an average of 128.30 ± 14.09 Bq/l. This study reveals that 93% of the samples have radon levels in excess of the USEPA proposed maximum contamination level (MCL) of 11.1 Bq/l while radon levels of 40% samples have exceeded the WHO and EU Council Directive recommended reference level of 100 Bq/l. The total annual effective dose of the samples have been estimated by considering the per day water intake of 3 l. The calculated total annual effective dose widely fluctuates between 10.39 and 18649.55 μSv/year with an average value of 744.59 μSv/year. 269 water samples have exceeded the WHO and EU Council Directive recommended reference level of 100 μSv/year. However, if we consider the UNSCEAR prescribed annual water intake of 60 l, the average dose becomes 279.82 μSv/year. The situation demands attention of the local authorities. Local people are advised to take some easy preventive measures for their radiological protection against such contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Kumar Naskar
- Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
- Department of Physics, Bangabasi Evening College, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700009, India
| | - Mahasin Gazi
- Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
- Apollo Gleneagles Hospitals, 58 Canal Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India
| | - Mitali Mondal
- Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
- School of Studies in Environmental Radiation and Archaeological Sciences, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Argha Deb
- Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India.
- School of Studies in Environmental Radiation and Archaeological Sciences, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India.
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Rani S, Kansal S, Singla AK, Mehra R. Radiological risk assessment to the public due to the presence of radon in water of Barnala district, Punjab, India. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:5011-5024. [PMID: 34173905 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01012-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Various research studies have shown that exposure to radon gas is a cause of concern for health effects to the public. The present work has been carried out for the radiological risk assessment to the public due to the presence of radon isotopes in drinking water of Barnala district of Punjab, India, for the first time using scintillation-based radiation detector. A total of 100 samples were collected from different sources of water (canal and underground water) from 25 villages on grid pattern of 6 × 6 km2 in the study area for uniform mapping. In situ measurements were carried out to find out Rn-222 concentration in water samples. The measured values have been found to vary from 0.17 ± 0.01 to 9.84 ± 0.59 BqL-1 with an average value of 3.37 ± 0.29 BqL-1, which is well below the recommended limit of 100 BqL-1(WHO 2004). The annual effective dose due to ingestion and inhalation of radon has also been calculated for various age groups like infants, children and adults to understand the age-wise dose distribution. The calculated values suggest that there is no significant health risk to the general public from radon in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Rani
- Department of Physics, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, 151001, India
| | - Sandeep Kansal
- Department of Physics, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, 151001, India.
| | - Amit Kumar Singla
- Department of Physics, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, 151001, India
| | - Rohit Mehra
- Department of Physics, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, 144011, India
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12
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Yong J, Liu Q, Wu B, Hu Y, Feng G. Assessment of radiation dose hazards caused by radon and its progenies in tap water by the human dosimetric model. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2021; 19:933-945. [PMID: 34874901 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2021.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Radon is readily soluble in water, and radon exposure caused by household water consumption may pose a threat to public health. In this study, the radon concentration in the tap water of residential buildings was measured, and the average value was 543.33 mBq L-1, which was in line with the radon concentration limit recommended by USEPA (11.11 Bq L-1) and EURATOM (100 Bq L-1), and also within the range of the results of radon concentration measurements in tap water in other countries or regions. Through water bath heating at different temperatures, the radon retention curves of multiple groups of samples at different temperatures were fitted and analyzed. The results showed that the radon retention continued to decrease between 25 and 70 °C, remained stable between 70 and 85 °C, and then continued to decline slowly. Combined with the measurement results, the effective doses of α- and β-particles emitted by 222Rn and its progenies to residents respiratory and alimentary tissues and organs were calculated using the computational model provided by ICRP under two typical water scenarios of shower and drinking water, and the results show that radon exposure caused by normal water consumption will not pose a serious threat to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Yong
- Research Center of Radiation Ecology and Ion Beam Biotechnology, College of Physics Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, China
| | - Qian Liu
- School of Statistics and Data Science, Xinjiang University of Finance & Economics, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830012, China
| | - Baoshan Wu
- Research Center of Radiation Ecology and Ion Beam Biotechnology, College of Physics Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, China
| | - Youhua Hu
- Radiation Environment Supervision Station of Xinjiang, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, China E-mail: ,
| | - Guangwen Feng
- Research Center of Radiation Ecology and Ion Beam Biotechnology, College of Physics Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, China
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13
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Quantification of doses and health risks to organs and tissues corresponding to different age groups due to radon in water. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-08050-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Nazir S, Simnani S, Sahoo BK, Rashid I, Masood S. Dose estimation of radioactivity in groundwater of Srinagar City, Northwest Himalaya, employing fluorimetric and scintillation techniques. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:837-854. [PMID: 32328895 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00576-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The research is a maiden study aimed to assess the radioactivity in groundwater of Srinagar City using uranium and radon as proxies. In this study, 60 water samples were collected from various water sources that include bore wells, hand pumps and lakes of Srinagar City. Among them, 45 samples were taken from groundwater with depths ranging from 6 to - 126 m and the rest of the 15 samples were collected from surface sources like lakes, rivers and tap water. A gamma radiation survey of the area was carried out prior to collection of water samples, using a gamma radiation detector. A scintillation-based detector was utilized to measure radon, while as LED fluorimetry was employed to assess uranium in water samples. The average uranium concentration was found to be 2.63 μg L-1 with a maximum value of 15.28 μg L-1 which is less than the globally accepted permissible level of 30 µg L-1. 222Radon concentration varied from 0.2 to 38.5 Bq L-1 with an average value of 8.9 Bq L-1. The radon concentration in 19 groundwater samples (32% of total sites) exceeded the permissible limits of 11 Bq L-1 set by USEPA. This information could be of vital importance to health professionals in Kashmir who are researching on the incidence of lung cancers in the region given the fact that radon is the second leading cause of lung cancers after smoking worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salik Nazir
- Department of Physics, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Shakeel Simnani
- Department of Physics, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India.
| | - B K Sahoo
- Radiation Safety Systems Division, Health Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Irfan Rashid
- Geoinformatics Program, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Sajad Masood
- Department of Physics, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
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15
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Adithya VSP, Chidambaram S, Prasanna MV, Venkatramanan S, Tirumalesh K, Thivya C, Thilagavathi R. Health Risk Implication and Spatial Distribution of Radon in Groundwater Along the Lithological Contact in South India. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 80:308-318. [PMID: 33398396 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-020-00798-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The presence of radioactive elements in groundwater results in high health risks on surrounding populations. Hence, a study was conducted in central Tamil Nadu, South India, to measure the radon levels in groundwater and determine the associated health risk. The study was conducted along the lithological contact of hard rock and sedimentary formation. The concentrations of uranium (U) varied from 0.28 to 84.65 µg/L, and the radioactivity of radon (Rn) varied from 258 to 7072 Bq/m3 in the collected groundwater samples. The spatial distribution of Rn in the study area showed that higher values were identified along the central and northern regions of the study area. The data also indicate that granitic and gneissic rocks are the major contributors to Rn in groundwater through U-enriched lithological zones. The radon levels in all samples were below the maximum concentration level, prescribed by Environmental Protection Agency. The effective dose levels for ingestion and inhalation were calculated according to parameters introduced by UNSCEAR and were found to be lesser (0.235-6.453 μSvy-1) than the recommended limit. Hence, the regional groundwater in the study area does not pose any health risks to consumers. The spatial distribution of Rn's effective dose level indicates the higher values were mainly in the central and northern portion of the study area consist of gneissic, quarzitic, and granitic rocks. The present study showed that Rn concentrations in groundwater depend on the lithology, structural attributes, the existence of uranium minerals in rocks, and the redox conditions. The results of this study provide information on the spatial distribution of Rn in the groundwater and its potential health risk in central Tamil Nadu, India. It is anticipated that these data will help policymakers to develop plans for management of drinking water resources in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabarathinam Chidambaram
- Department of Earth Sciences, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, Annamalai Nagar, India
- Water Research Centre, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Mohan Viswanathan Prasanna
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, Department of Applied Geology, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | | | - Keesari Tirumalesh
- Isotope and Radiation Application Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Department of Chemistry, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Chandrasekar Thivya
- Department of Earth Sciences, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, Annamalai Nagar, India
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16
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Monitoring geothermal springs and groundwater of Pir Panjal, Jammu and Kashmir, for radon contamination. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-020-07451-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Muhammad S, Ullah R, Turab SA, Khan MY, Khattak NU, Khan MA. Radon concentration in drinking water and soil after the September 24, 2019, Mw 5.8 earthquake, Mirpur, Azad Jammu, and Kashmir: an evaluation for potential risk. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:32628-32636. [PMID: 32514913 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09589-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Radon (222Rn), a radioactive gas resulted from the natural decay of other radioactive elements, pose a threat to the exposed human population. Radon gas emits along the seismically active faults and increased the 222Rn contamination in sorrounding water and soil. This study investigated the concentration of 222Rn in drinking water and soil after the September 24, 2019, Mw 5.8 earthquake, Mirpur District, Azad Jammu, and Kashmir (AJK). For this purpose, water (n = 24) samples were collected from the bore wells of orderly located houses and soil field sampling (n = 12) along with the NE-SW directions of fracture in the Mirpur District. Determined 222Rn in drinking water surpassed the maximum contamination level (MCL, 11.1 kBq/m3) set by the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) in 83%, 50%, and 33% of the sampling point at the site I, site II, and site III, respectively. However, that of soil 222Rn concentration was observed with the normal range (10-50 kBq/m3). Potential exposure of 222Rn consumption in drinking water was the mean effective dose through ingestion (EWing, 0.003 ± < 0.001 mSv/a), the effective dose for inhalation (EWInh, 0.038 ± 0.002 mSv/a), and the total effective dose of human (EWT, 0.041 ± 0.002 mSv/a). Exposure values along with the rupture showed multifold higher risk values (up to 4 times) compared to background sites. These values were observed within the limits (0.1 mSv/a) set by World Health Organization (WHO); however, surpassed the thresholds of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the effects of atomic radiations (UNSCEAR) for all exposure pathways. This study concluded that groundwater in the close vicinity should be avoided or boiled before used for drinking purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Muhammad
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan.
| | - Rizwan Ullah
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan
| | - Syed Ali Turab
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Younis Khan
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan
| | - Nimat Ullah Khattak
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Khan
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan
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18
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Alomari AH, Saleh MA, Hashim S, Alsayaheen A, Abdeldin I, abukashabeh A. 238U and 232Th isotopes in groundwater of Jordan: Geological influence, water chemistry, and health impact. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2019.108660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Khan IU, Sun W, Lewis E. Review of low-level background radioactivity studies conducted from 2000 to date in people Republic of China. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/16878507.2020.1744330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ihsan Ullah Khan
- Key Lab of In-fiber Integrated Optics, Ministry Education of China, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China
| | - Weimin Sun
- Key Lab of In-fiber Integrated Optics, Ministry Education of China, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China
| | - Elfed Lewis
- Optical Fibre Sensors Research Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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20
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Duggal V, Sharma S, Mehra R. Risk assessment of radon in drinking water in Khetri Copper Belt of Rajasthan, India. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 239:124782. [PMID: 31520978 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Exceptionally high concentrations of radon have been found in drinking water originating from hand pumps in Khetri Copper Belt of Rajasthan. Radon concentration was determined using Durridge RAD7 professional electronic radon detector. The measured radon concentration ranged from 12.5 ± 1.5 to 862 ± 38 Bq l-1. About 35% of the drinking water samples showed radon concentrations above the European Union's parametric value of 100 Bq l-1. The high radon concentration obtained in groundwater is due to local natural geology. The total annual effective doses due to ingestion and inhalation of radon in drinking water varied from 0.10 to 6.7 mSv y-1 for infants, 0.06-3.8 mSv y-1 for children and 0.06-4.4 mSv y-1 for adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Duggal
- Department of Physics, DAV College, Bathinda, 151001, Punjab, India.
| | - Samriti Sharma
- Department of Applied Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan-Mohali, 140413, Punjab, India
| | - Rohit Mehra
- Department of Physics, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, 144011, Punjab, India
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21
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Chen J. A DISCUSSION ON ISSUES WITH RADON IN DRINKING WATER. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2019; 185:526-531. [PMID: 30929000 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncz035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The majority of the world's population relies on surface water or large public supply systems of groundwater, where radon is low and a guidance value for radon in drinking water is not necessary. However, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) recently issued a dose coefficient for radon ingestion, raising questions among some radiation protection authorities about whether radon guidance values should be calculated for drinking water and how this might be done. Unlike many other radionuclides considered in drinking water management, radon has special characteristics and therefore requires special considerations. This note discusses some of these considerations, and also provides a brief review of radon concentrations measured in well-water supplies, especially private well-water systems, and cold tap water consumption rates reported in different countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, 775 Brookfield Road, Ottawa K1A 1C1, Canada
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22
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Khandaker MU, Uwatse OB, Bin Shamsul Khairi KA, Faruque MRI, Bradley DA. TERRESTRIAL RADIONUCLIDES IN SURFACE (DAM) WATER AND CONCOMITANT DOSE IN METROPOLITAN KUALA LUMPUR. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2019; 185:343-350. [PMID: 30806465 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncz018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Batu Dam is of considerable importance to the metropolis of Kuala Lumpur, its existence and the quality assessment of its waters being essential in helping to maintain the lives of a large sector of the Malaysian population. Concerning the level of naturally occurring radioactivity contained within its waters, a well characterised HPGe γ-ray technique has been used in making measurements of the concentrations of primordial radionuclides in samples of surface water from the Dam. Based on the mean individual daily consumption of dam water, estimation has been made of the concomitant radiation dose. Activity concentrations, in units of Bq l-1, have been found to be in the range 2.4-3.2 for 226Ra, 1.1-1.3 for 232Th and 22.7-40.7 for 40K, in line with literature data for surface waters. The total annual ingestion dose for infants (<1 y) and adolescents (12-17 y) are found to be significant and greater than the World Health Organization recommended maximum dose of 0.1 mSv y-1 from the imbibing of drinking water. However, the Dam water does not pose a threat to public health, the Dam water not being used as the sole source of drinking water. Noting that this is the only known study of water from Batu Dam, the reported levels allow for evaluation of future changes in the natural radioactivity profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Centre for Biomedical Physics, School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | - M R I Faruque
- Space Science Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - D A Bradley
- Centre for Biomedical Physics, School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
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23
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S S, D R R, E S, J S. Measurement of radon concentration in drinking water and natural radioactivity in soil and their radiological hazards. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/16878507.2019.1693175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh S
- Department of Physics, M.P.E Society’s S.D.M Degree College, Honavar, India
| | - Rangaswamy D R
- Department of Studies & Research in Physics, Kuvempu University, Shivamogga, India
- Department of Physics, PES University, Bangalore, India
| | - Srinivasa E
- Department of Physics, IDSG Government College, Chikmagalur, India
| | - Sannappa J
- Department of Studies & Research in Physics, Kuvempu University, Shivamogga, India
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24
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Tan W, Li Y, Tan K, Xie Y, Han S, Wang P. Distribution of radon and risk assessment of its radiation dose in groundwater drinking for village people nearby the W-polymetallic metallogenic district at Dongpo in southern Hunan province, China. Appl Radiat Isot 2019; 151:39-45. [PMID: 31158704 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Radon in the household water (especially groundwater) which is an important source of indoor radon, has become a potential health hazard to residents. In this study, radon concentrations in groundwater sampled from five villages near Dongpo W-polymetallic metallogenic region were measured using RAD-7 detector with RAD H2O accessory, and the effect of regional geology and mineralization on radon concentration in groundwater was studied. In addition, we also estimated the radiation doses received by people via ingestion of radon in water and inhalation of the radon from the indoor air while using water. The results show that the radon concentration in groundwater samples varies from 1.29 Bq L-1 to 31.31 Bq L-1 with 10.47 Bq L-1 on average, and about 31.3% of the groundwater samples analyzed have a higher radon concentration than the maximum contaminant level of 11.1 Bq L-1 recommended by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The relatively high radon level in groundwater can be attributed to a relatively high uranium background produced by the magmatic activity and magmatic-hydrothermal system. The values of annual effective dose (AEDing) due to ingestion of radon in groundwater range from 0.002 mSv y-1 to 0.055 mSv y-1, 0.005 mSv y-1 to 0.11 mSv y-1 and 0.008 mSv y-1 to 0.188 mSv y-1 for adult, child and infant respectively. The values of annual effective dose due to the inhalation of radon released from water are 63.6, 15.4 and 3.8 times of those through the ingestion of radon in groundwater by the adults, children and infants, respectively. In addition, the values of estimated total annual effective doses are 0.020-0.480 mSv y-1, 0.017-0.406 mSv y-1 and 0.020-0.484 mSv y-1 for adult, child and infant, respectively. These values are much lower than the reference dose level of 1 mSv y-1 recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effect of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyu Tan
- School of Resources, Environment and Safety Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Yongmei Li
- School of Resources, Environment and Safety Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Kaixuan Tan
- School of Resources, Environment and Safety Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; School of Mathematics and Physics, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Yanshi Xie
- School of Resources, Environment and Safety Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Shili Han
- School of Resources, Environment and Safety Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Resources, Environment and Safety Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
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25
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Shivakumara B, Chandrashekara M, Kavitha E, Paramesh L. Studies on 226Ra and 222Rn concentration in drinking water of Mandya region, Karnataka State, India. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B.C. Shivakumara
- Department of Studies in Physics, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, 570006, India
| | - M.S. Chandrashekara
- Department of Studies in Physics, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, 570006, India
| | - E. Kavitha
- Department of Studies in Physics, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, 570006, India
| | - L. Paramesh
- Department of Studies in Physics, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, 570006, India
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26
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Ahmad N, Jaafar MS, Alsaffar MS. Study of radon concentration and toxic elements indrinking and irrigated water and its implications in Sungai Petani, Kedah, Malaysia. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nisar Ahmad
- School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, 11800, Malaysia
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27
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Determination of Natural Radionuclides for Water Resources on the West Bank of the Nile River, Assiut Governorate, Egypt. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11020311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Estimations of natural radioactivity levels were carried out for water (surface and groundwater) samples collected from the west bank of the Nile River in Assiut Governorate, Egypt. The activity concentrations in the water samples ranged from 19.20 ± 2.40 to 492.26 ± 71.52 mBq/L, from 15.58 ± 2.62 to 351.39 ± 66.13 mBq/L, and from 50.31 ± 5.58 to 2255.03 ± 249.42 mBq/L for 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K, respectively. In this work, the recorded activity concentrations have been organized statistically using a dendrogram cluster and a principal coordinate analysis. In view of the groupings of radionuclide activity, the average annual effective doses through ingestion for adults, children, and infants, despite the responsibility of each explicit radionuclide to the total dose, were assessed and debated. Children had the most important measurement calculations, making them the most regarded mass gathering. All estimations for each different water type, as well as for each individual population group, scored well under the recommended reference value of 0.1 mSv resulting from a one year’s intake of drinking water in accordance with the recommendations of the European Commission (EC) in 1998.
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28
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Radon 222 in drinking water resources of Iran: A systematic review, meta-analysis and probabilistic risk assessment (Monte Carlo simulation). Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 115:460-469. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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29
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Wu Y, Cui H, Liu J, Shang B, Su X. RADON CONCENTRATIONS IN UNDERGROUND DRINKING WATER IN PARTS OF CITIES, CHINA. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2018; 178:354-358. [PMID: 28981892 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncx121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
222Rn concentrations in underground drinking water samples in 12 cities from seven provinces (municipalities), China were determined by using a continuous radon monitor with air-water exchanger. A total of 73 underground water samples were collected. The observed radon levels were in a range of 1.0-63.8 Bq l-1, with a mean of 11.8 Bq l-1. The annual effective dose from inhalation of water-borne radon for average radon content in underground water was 72.6 μSv and for maximal observed radon concentration in underground water the corresponding dose was 393.8 μSv. The dose contribution of inhalation dose from water-borne radon should be paid attention in some granitic area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, China CDC, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Hongxing Cui
- Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, China CDC, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Jianxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, China CDC, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Bing Shang
- Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, China CDC, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Xu Su
- Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, China CDC, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, China
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Sherif MI, Lin J, Poghosyan A, Abouelmagd A, Sultan MI, Sturchio NC. Geological and hydrogeochemical controls on radium isotopes in groundwater of the Sinai Peninsula, Egypt. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 613-614:877-885. [PMID: 28942321 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Radium isotopes (226Ra and 228Ra) were analyzed in 18 groundwater samples from the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System (NSAS) and the shallow alluvial aquifers overlying the basement complex of the Sinai Peninsula, Egypt. Groundwater samples from deep Nubian aquifer wells (total depths 747 to 1250m) have 226Ra and 228Ra activities ranging from 0.168 to 0.802 and 0.056 to 1.032Bq/L, respectively. The shallower Nubian aquifer wells (63 to 366m) have 226Ra and 228Ra activities ranging from 0.033 to 0.191 and 0.029 to 0.312Bq/L, respectively. The basement shallow alluvial aquifers have 226Ra and 228Ra activities ranging from 0.014 to 0.038 and 0.007 to 0.051Bq/L, respectively. Combined Ra activities in most wells were generally in excess of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the European Union (EU), and the World Health Organization (WHO) maximum contaminant levels (MCL) for drinking water. Radium in groundwater is produced mainly by decay of parent nuclides in the aquifer solids, and observed activities of dissolved Ra isotopes result from a combination of alpha-recoil, adsorption/desorption, co-precipitation/dissolution processes. The observed correlation between Ra activities and salinity indicates that adsorption/desorption processes may be the dominant factor controlling Ra mobility in Sinai groundwater. Radium activities in central and northern Sinai are generally higher than those in southern Sinai, consistent with a gradual increase in salinity and water-rock interaction with increasing groundwater age. Barite is approximately saturated in the groundwater and may limit maximum dissolved Ra concentration. The results of this study indicate that Sinai groundwater should be used with caution, possibly requiring Ra removal from water produced for domestic and agricultural consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud I Sherif
- Dept. of Geological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Jiajia Lin
- Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Armen Poghosyan
- Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Abdou Abouelmagd
- Dept. of Geosciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA
| | - Mohamed I Sultan
- Dept. of Geosciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA
| | - Neil C Sturchio
- Dept. of Geological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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Pisapak P, Bhongsuwan T. Radon concentration in well water from Namom district (Southern Thailand): a factor influencing cancer risk. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-017-5272-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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32
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Radioactivity of Soil, Rock and Water in a Shale Gas Exploitation Area, SW China. WATER 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/w9050299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Hu Y, Yan S, Xia C, Dong Z, Liu G. Distribution characteristics and radiotoxicity risks of radium-226 (226Ra) in groundwater from Wanbei Plain, China. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-017-5186-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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34
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Girault F, Perrier F, Przylibski TA. Radon-222 and radium-226 occurrence in water: a review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1144/sp451.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA total of 2143 dissolved radon-222 and radium-226 activity concentrations measured together in water samples was compiled from the literature. To date, the use of such a large database is the first attempt to establish a relationship for the 226Ra–222Rn couple. Over the whole dataset, radon and radium concentrations range over more than nine and six orders of magnitude, respectively. Geometric means yield 9.82±0.73 Bq l−1 for radon and 54.6±2.7 mBq l−1 for radium. Only a few waters are in 226Ra–222Rn radioactive equilibrium, with most of them being far from equilibrium; the geometric mean of the radium concentration in water/radon concentration in water (CRa/CRn) ratio is estimated to be 0.0056±0.0004. Significant differences in radon and radium concentrations are observed between groundwaters and surface waters, on the one hand, and between hot springs and cold springs, on the other. Within water types, typical ranges of radon and radium concentrations can be associated with subgroups of waters. While the radium concentration characterizes the geochemistry of the groundwater–rock interaction, the radon concentration, in most cases, is a signal of non-mobile radium embedded in the encasing rocks. Thus, the 226Ra–222Rn couple can be a useful tool for the characterization of water and for the identification of water source rocks, shedding light on the various water–rock interaction processes taking place in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Girault
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Perrier
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Tadeusz A. Przylibski
- Faculty of Geoengineering, Mining and Geology, Division of Geology and Mineral Waters, Wrocław University of Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
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35
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Atkins ML, Santos IR, Perkins A, Maher DT. Dissolved radon and uranium in groundwater in a potential coal seam gas development region (Richmond River Catchment, Australia). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2016; 154:83-92. [PMID: 26867097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The extraction of unconventional gas resources such as shale and coal seam gas (CSG) is rapidly expanding globally and often prevents the opportunity for comprehensive baseline groundwater investigations prior to drilling. Unconventional gas extraction often targets geological layers with high naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) and extraction practices may possibly mobilise radionuclides into regional and local drinking water resources. Here, we establish baseline groundwater radon and uranium levels in shallow aquifers overlying a potential CSG target formation in the Richmond River Catchment, Australia. A total of 91 groundwater samples from six different geological units showed highly variable radon activities (0.14-20.33 Bq/L) and uranium levels (0.001-2.77 μg/L) which were well below the Australian Drinking Water Guideline values (radon; 100 Bq/L and uranium; 17 μg/L). Therefore, from a radon and uranium perspective, the regional groundwater does not pose health risks to consumers. Uranium could not explain the distribution of radon in groundwater. Relatively high radon activities (7.88 ± 0.83 Bq/L) in the fractured Lismore Basalt aquifer coincided with very low uranium concentrations (0.04 ± 0.02 μg/L). In the Quaternary Sediments aquifers, a positive correlation between U and HCO3(-) (r(2) = 0.49, p < 0.01) implied the uranium was present as uranyl-carbonate complexes. Since NORM are often enriched in target geological formations containing unconventional gas, establishing radon and uranium concentrations in overlying aquifers comprises an important component of baseline groundwater investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marnie L Atkins
- School of Environmental Science and Management, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia; National Marine Science Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia.
| | - Isaac R Santos
- School of Environmental Science and Management, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia; National Marine Science Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - Anita Perkins
- School of Environmental Science and Management, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia; National Marine Science Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - Damien T Maher
- School of Environmental Science and Management, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
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Maxwell O, Wagiran H. Tectonic and radioactivity impacts of 238U on groundwater-based drinking water at Gosa and Lugbe areas of Abuja, North Central Nigeria. J NUCL SCI TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00223131.2015.1015467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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37
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Singh P, Singh P, Sahoo BK, Bajwa BS. A study on uranium and radon levels in drinking water sources of a mineralized zone of Himachal Pradesh, India. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-015-4629-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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38
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Maxwell O, Wagiran H, Lee S, Embong Z, Ugwuoke P. Radioactivity level and toxic elemental concentration in groundwater at Dei-Dei and Kubwa areas of Abuja, north-central Nigeria. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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39
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Assessment of radiation hazards a result of natural radioactivity in water from Abyan delta, Yemen. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-015-3932-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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40
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Vogiannis EG, Nikolopoulos D. Radon sources and associated risk in terms of exposure and dose. Front Public Health 2015; 2:207. [PMID: 25601905 PMCID: PMC4283434 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2014.00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Radon concerns the international scientific community from the early twentieth century, initially as radium emanation and nearly the second half of the century as a significant hazard to human health. The initial brilliant period of its use as medicine was followed by a period of intense concern for its health effects. Miners in Europe and later in the U.S were the primary target groups surveyed. Nowadays, there is a concrete evidence that radon and its progeny can cause lung cancer (1). Human activities may create or modify pathways increasing indoor radon concentration compared to outdoor background. These pathways can be controlled by preventive and corrective actions (2). Indoor radon and its short-lived progeny either attached on aerosol particles or free, compose an air mixture that carries a significant energy amount [Potential Alpha-Energy Concentration (PAEC)]. Prior research at that topic focused on the exposure on PAEC and the dose delivered by the human body or tissues. Special mention was made to the case of water workers due to inadequate data. Furthermore, radon risk assessment and relevant legislation for the dose delivered by man from radon and its progeny has been also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dimitrios Nikolopoulos
- Department of Computer and Electronic Engineering, Technological Education Institute of Pireaus, Aigaleo, Greece
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41
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Althoyaib SS, El-Taher A. Natural radioactivity measurements in groundwater from Al-Jawa, Saudi Arabia. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3874-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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42
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Alabdula'aly AI. Occurrence of radon in groundwater of Saudi Arabia. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2014; 138:186-191. [PMID: 25244698 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2014.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Samples were collected from 1025 wells supplying drinking water to the 13 regions of Saudi Arabia and analyzed for radon concentrations. The weighted radon median value for the entire country was found to be 4.62 Bq L(-1) with a range of 0.01-67.4 Bq L(-1). The percentage of samples with radon concentration equal to or greater than 11.1 Bq L(-1) (US EPA proposed MCL) was found to be 19.22%. The range of radon in shallow wells varied between 0.06 and 67.4 Bq L(-1) (median value 5.1 Bq L(-1)) and between 0.06 and 40.9 Bq L(-1) (median value 5.34 Bq L(-1)) for deep wells. However, 50% of the samples had radon concentrations equal to or greater than 4.0 and 2.87 Bq L(-1) for the shallow and deep wells, respectively. Correlation of well depth with radon levels revealed that wells drilled in Saq aquifer consisting of predominantly sandstone with significant shale layers in the upper parts, gave higher median radon levels than in Manjur aquifer which consists of predominantly limestone and sandstone.
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43
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Shabana EI, Kinsara AA. Radioactivity in the groundwater of a high background radiation area. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2014; 137:181-189. [PMID: 25087070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2014.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Natural radioactivity was measured in groundwater samples collected from 37 wells scattered in an inhabited area of high natural background radiation, in a purpose of radiation protection. The study area is adjacent to Aja heights of granitic composition in Hail province, Saudi Arabia. Initial screening for gross α and gross β activities showed levels exceeded the national regulation limits set out for gross α and gross β activities in drinking water. The gross α activity ranged from 0.17 to 5.41 Bq L(-)(1) with an average value of 2.15 Bq L(-)(1), whereas gross β activity ranged from 0.48 to 5.16 Bq L(-)(1), with an average value of 2.60 Bq L(-)(1). The detail analyses indicated that the groundwater of this province is contaminated with uranium and radium ((226)Ra and (228)Ra). The average activity concentrations of (238)U, (234)U, (226)Ra and (228)Ra were 0.40, 0.77, 0.29 and 0.46 Bq L(-)(1), respectively. The higher uranium content was found in the samples of granitic aquifers, whereas the higher radium content was found in the samples of sandstone aquifers. Based on the obtained results, mechanism of leaching of the predominant radionuclides has been discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- E I Shabana
- King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Engineering, Nuclear Engineering Department, P.O. Box 80204, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - A A Kinsara
- King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Engineering, Nuclear Engineering Department, P.O. Box 80204, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Khattak NU, Khan MA, Shah MT, Ali N. Radon concentration in drinking water sources of the region adjacent to a tectonically active Karak Thrust, southern Kohat Plateau, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3257-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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45
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El-Mageed AIA, El-Kamel AEH, Abbady AEB, Harb S, Saleh II. Natural radioactivity of ground and hot spring water in some areas in Yemen. DESALINATION 2013; 321:28-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2011.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Aleissa KA, Alghamdi AS, Almasoud FI, Islam MS. Measurement of radon levels in groundwater supplies of Riyadh with liquid scintillation counter and the associated radiation dose. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2013; 154:95-103. [PMID: 22887118 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncs140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A national groundwater surveillance programme was started for investigation of natural radioactivity levels in the year 2007. This paper presents (222)Rn radioactivity concentration levels in well waters located in and around the city of Riyadh in Saudi Arabia. Water samples were collected from 171 wells in six different locations. Most of these deep wells have an approximate depth of 1000 m, while shallow wells have a depth of 300 m. The analyses were performed by an ultra-low level liquid scintillation spectrometer equipped with an alpha-beta discrimination device. Efficiency and background calibrations were performed with a (226)Ra aqueous standard homogeneously mixed with a cocktail (high efficiency mineral oil scintillator) which was used after a certain period of time to assure radon equilibrium. The measured (222)Rn activities of deep wells ranged from 0.34±0.05 to 3.52±0.30 Bq l(-1) (average: 1.01±0.10 Bq l(-1)), whereas those of shallow wells ranged from 0.72±0.08 to 7.21±0.58 Bq l(-1) (average: 2.74±0.24 Bq l(-1)). The (222)Rn concentrations levels were found to be in compliance with the proposed national limits of 11.1 Bql(-1) and depend on the water source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Abdulaziz Aleissa
- Atomic Energy Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, PO Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
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47
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A comparative analysis of uranium in potable waters using laser fluorimetry and ICPMS techniques. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-012-1705-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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48
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Jayaratne ER, Ling X, Morawska L. Role of vegetation in enhancing radon concentration and ion production in the atmosphere. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2011; 45:6350-6355. [PMID: 21751819 DOI: 10.1021/es201152g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The role of ions in the production of atmospheric particles has gained wide interest due to their profound impact on climate. Away from anthropogenic sources, molecules are ionized by alpha radiation from radon exhaled from the ground and cosmic γ radiation from space. These molecular ions quickly form into "cluster ions", typically smaller than about 1.5 nm. Using our measurements and the published literature, we present evidence to show that cluster ion concentrations in forest areas are consistently higher than outside. Owing to the low range of alpha particles, radon present deep in the ground cannot directly contribute to the measured cluster ion concentrations. We propose an additional mechanism whereby radon, which is water-soluble, is brought up by trees and plants through the uptake of groundwater and released into the atmosphere by transpiration. We estimate that, in a forest comprising eucalyptus trees spaced 4 m apart, trees may account for up to 37% of the radon that is released from the ground during the middle of the day when transpiration rates are high. The corresponding percentage on an annual basis is 4.1%. Considering that 24% of the earth's land area is still covered in forests; these findings have potentially important implications for atmospheric aerosol formation and climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Jayaratne
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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49
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Radon concentration in drinking water sources of the Main Campus of the University of Peshawar and surrounding areas, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-011-1297-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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50
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Song G, Wang X, Chen D, Chen Y. Contribution of (222)Rn-bearing water to indoor radon and indoor air quality assessment in hot spring hotels of Guangdong, China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2011; 102:400-406. [PMID: 21382658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Revised: 02/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the contribution of radon ((222)Rn)-bearing water to indoor (222)Rn in thermal baths. The (222)Rn concentrations in air were monitored in the bathroom and the bedroom. Particulate matter (PM, both PM(10) and PM(2.5)) and carbon dioxide (CO(2)) were also monitored with portable analyzers. The bathrooms were supplied with hot spring water containing 66-260 kBq m(-3) of (222)Rn. The results show that the spray of hot spring water from the bath spouts is the dominant mechanism by which (222)Rn is released into the air of the bathroom, and then it diffuses into the bedroom. Average (222)Rn level was 110-410% higher in the bedrooms and 510-1200% higher in the bathrooms compared to the corresponding average levels when there was no use of hot spring water. The indoor (222)Rn levels were influenced by the (222)Rn concentrations in the hot spring water and the bathing times. The average (222)Rn transfer coefficients from water to air were 6.2 × 10(-4)-4.1 × 10(-3). The 24-h average levels of CO(2) and PM(10) in the hotel rooms were 89% and 22% higher than the present Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) standard of China. The main particle pollutant in the hotel rooms was PM(2.5). Radon and PM(10) levels in some hotel rooms were at much higher concentrations than guideline levels, and thus the potential health risks to tourists and especially to the hotel workers should be of great concern, and measures should be taken to lower inhalation exposure to these air pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Song
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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