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Tessier R, Calvez J, Airinei G, Khodorova N, Kapel R, Quinsac A, Galet O, Piedcoq J, Benamouzig R, Tomé D, Gaudichon C. The True Amino Acid Digestibility of 15N-Labelled Sunflower Biscuits Determined with Ileal Balance and Dual Isotope Methods in Healthy Humans. J Nutr 2022; 152:698-706. [PMID: 34910189 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sunflower is a promising protein source but data on amino acid (AA) digestibility are lacking in humans. Classically, the determination of AA digestibility requires ileal digesta sampling. The dual isotope method is minimally invasive but has not been compared to the conventional approach. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the true ileal digestibility of sunflower AAs in healthy volunteers who ate biscuits containing 15nitrogen (N) protein isolate, in comparison with the dual isotope method. METHODS Twelve healthy volunteers (men and women; 40.4 ± 10.5 years old; BMI, 23.7 ± 2.9 kg/m2) were equipped with a naso-ileal tube. For 4 hours, they consumed 9 repeated meals comprising 15N-sunflower protein biscuits together with 13carbon (C)-AAs, carried either in chocolate (SUN + Ch; n = 7) or apple puree (SUN + P; n = 5). Ileal digesta and blood were sampled throughout 8 hours after ingestion of the first meal. The 15N and 13C AA enrichments were measured in digesta to determine ileal digestibility directly and in plasma to determine lysine and threonine digestibility using the dual isotope method. Differences between methods and between vector groups were analyzed using paired and unpaired t-tests, respectively. RESULTS The ileal digestibility of sunflower indispensable AAs (IAA) was 89% ± 5.3%, with threonine and lysine having the lowest digestibility. In the SUN + Ch meal, IAA digestibility was 3% below that of SUN + P (P < 0.05). The mean free 13C-AA ileal digestibility was 98.1% ± 0.9%. No matter which matrix was used to carry 13C-AAs, plasma 15N and 13C-AA kinetics displayed a 1-hour offset. Digestibility obtained with the dual isotope method (70.4% ± 6.0% for threonine and 75.9% ± 22.3% for lysine) was below the target values. CONCLUSIONS The ileal digestibility of IAAs from a sunflower isolate incorporated in a biscuit was close to 90% in healthy adults. Under our experimental conditions, the dual isotope method provided lower values than the usual method. Further protocol developments are needed to validate the equivalence between both methods. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04024605.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Tessier
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, Paris, France
| | - Juliane Calvez
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, Paris, France
| | - Gheorghe Airinei
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, Paris, France.,Service d'Hépatogastroentérologie, Hôpital Avicenne, APHP, Bobigny, France
| | - Nadezda Khodorova
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, Paris, France
| | - Romain Kapel
- LRGP Unité Mixte de Recherche CNRS 7274, Université de Lorraine, Plateforme SVS, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | | | | | - Julien Piedcoq
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, Paris, France
| | - Robert Benamouzig
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, Paris, France.,Service d'Hépatogastroentérologie, Hôpital Avicenne, APHP, Bobigny, France
| | - Daniel Tomé
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, Paris, France
| | - Claire Gaudichon
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, Paris, France
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Cristina Oliveira de Lima V, Piuvezam G, Leal Lima Maciel B, Heloneida de Araújo Morais A. Trypsin inhibitors: promising candidate satietogenic proteins as complementary treatment for obesity and metabolic disorders? J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:405-419. [PMID: 30734596 PMCID: PMC6327991 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1542387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in non-communicable chronic diseases has aroused interest in the research of adjuvants to the classic forms of treatments. Obesity and metabolic syndrome are the main targets of confrontation because they relate directly to other chronic diseases. In this context, trypsin inhibitors, molecules with wide heterologous application, appear as possibilities in the treatment of overweight and obesity due to the action on satiety related mechanisms, mainly in the modulation of satiety hormones, such as cholecystokinin. In addition, trypsin inhibitors have the ability to also act on some biochemical parameters related to these diseases, thus, emerging as potential candidates and promising molecules in the treatment of the obesity and metabolic syndrome. Thus, the present article proposes to approach, through a systematic literature review, the advantages, disadvantages and viabilities for the use of trypsin inhibitors directed to the treatment of overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Grasiela Piuvezam
- Department of Collective Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Bruna Leal Lima Maciel
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Ana Heloneida de Araújo Morais
- Department of Biochemistry, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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Serquiz AC, Machado RJA, Serquiz RP, Lima VCO, de Carvalho FMC, Carneiro MAA, Maciel BLL, Uchôa AF, Santos EA, Morais AHA. Supplementation with a new trypsin inhibitor from peanut is associated with reduced fasting glucose, weight control, and increased plasma CCK secretion in an animal model. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016; 31:1261-9. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2015.1103236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre C. Serquiz
- Postgraduate Biochemistry Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil,
| | - Richele J. A. Machado
- Postgraduate Biochemistry Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil,
| | - Raphael P. Serquiz
- Postgraduate Biochemistry Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil,
| | - Vanessa C. O. Lima
- Postgraduate Biochemistry Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil,
| | - Fabiana Maria C. de Carvalho
- Postgraduate Nutrition Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Marcella A. A. Carneiro
- Course of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Culture Extension of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil,
| | - Bruna L. L. Maciel
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil, and
| | - Adriana F. Uchôa
- Postgraduate Biochemistry Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil,
| | - Elizeu A. Santos
- Postgraduate Biochemistry Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil,
| | - Ana H. A. Morais
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil, and
- Postgraduate Nutrition Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
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Ribeiro JADNC, Serquiz AC, Silva PFDS, Barbosa PBBM, Sampaio TBM, Araújo Junior RFD, Oliveira ASD, Machado RJA, Maciel BLL, Uchôa AF, Santos EAD, Morais AHDA. Trypsin inhibitor from tamarindus indica L. seeds reduces weight gain and food consumption and increases plasmatic cholecystokinin levels. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2015; 70:136-43. [PMID: 25789523 PMCID: PMC4351314 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2015(02)11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Seeds are excellent sources of proteinase inhibitors, some of which may have satietogenic and slimming actions. We evaluated the effect of a trypsin inhibitor from Tamarindus indica L. seeds on weight gain, food consumption and cholecystokinin levels in Wistar rats. METHODS A trypsin inhibitor from Tamarindus was isolated using ammonium sulfate (30-60%) following precipitation with acetone and was further isolated with Trypsin-Sepharose affinity chromatography. Analyses were conducted to assess the in vivo digestibility, food intake, body weight evolution and cholecystokinin levels in Wistar rats. Histological analyses of organs and biochemical analyses of sera were performed. RESULTS The trypsin inhibitor from Tamarindus reduced food consumption, thereby reducing weight gain. The in vivo true digestibility was not significantly different between the control and Tamarindus trypsin inhibitor-treated groups. The trypsin inhibitor from Tamarindus did not cause alterations in biochemical parameters or liver, stomach, intestine or pancreas histology. Rats treated with the trypsin inhibitor showed significantly elevated cholecystokinin levels compared with animals receiving casein or water. CONCLUSION The results indicate that the isolated trypsin inhibitor from Tamarindus reduces weight gain by reducing food consumption, an effect that may be mediated by increased cholecystokinin. Thus, the potential use of this trypsin inhibitor in obesity prevention and/or treatment should be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandre Coellho Serquiz
- Department of Biochemistry, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Priscila Fabíola dos Santos Silva
- Department of Nutrition, Rio Grande do Norte, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, RN;Natal, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Adeliana Silva de Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Bruna Leal Lima Maciel
- Department of Nutrition, Rio Grande do Norte, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, RN;Natal, Brazil
| | - Adriana Ferreira Uchôa
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Center for Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, RN;Natal, Brazil
| | - Elizeu Antunes dos Santos
- Department of Biochemistry, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Ana Heloneida de Araújo Morais
- Department of Nutrition, Rio Grande do Norte, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, RN;Natal, Brazil
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Early RJ, Mahgoub O, Lu CD, Ritchie A, Al-Halhali AS, Annamalai K. Nutritional evaluation of solar dried sardines as a ruminant protein supplement. Small Rumin Res 2001; 41:39-49. [PMID: 11423233 DOI: 10.1016/s0921-4488(01)00195-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Solar dried sardines of various qualities were analyzed for nutrient content and for nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance in sheep. Additionally, key serum enzymes and metabolites were examined to identify potential toxic effects. Dried sardine protein, ether extract and crude ash content ranged from 65 to 39%, 5.7 to 5.1%, and 22 to 51%, respectively, for high to low quality dried sardines. Visual appraisal of the dried sardines did not appear to be very reliable for determining dried sardine quality. Crude protein content was highly correlated (r(2)=0.962) with crude ash content based on the following equation (dry matter basis): crude protein%=86.0 - (0.961xcrude ash%). Therefore, crude ash could be used to estimate crude protein content and dried sardine quality. Digestibility in Omani sheep was determined on diets composed of a composite of dried sardines collected from Al-Batinah region of the Sultanate (the average crude protein content was 51%) and compared to that of a similar diet using soybean meal (also 51% crude protein) as the major protein source. The digestibility of crude protein, ether extract, total carbohydrates, digestible energy and metabolizable energy in diets utilizing dried sardines versus the soybean meal diet were 74 versus 76%, 69 versus 68%, 67 versus 69%, 64 versus 66%, and 52 versus 56%, respectively. Although, protein digestibility was similar, nitrogen balance data suggested that nitrogen in the dried sardine diet was not as efficiently utilized as nitrogen in the soybean meal diet. Key serum enzymes and metabolites did not suggest that dried sardines at 10% of the total dietary intake would cause metabolic disturbances in sheep. The study suggests that solar dried sardines may be effectively used in ruminant diets but may not have the protein by-pass value of commercial, processed fish meals.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J. Early
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agriculture, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 34, PC 123, Al Khod, Oman
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