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Motawi TMK, William MM, Nooh MM, Abd-Elgawad HM. Amelioration of cyclophosphamide toxicity via modulation of metabolizing enzymes by avocado (Persea americana) extract. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 74:367-376. [PMID: 34173661 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cyclophosphamide (CPA) is highly effective in treating several human tumours and autoimmune disorders; but, it triggers deleterious side effects. Avocado, Persea americana (Mill.), is a widely consumed fruit with pronounced nutritional and medicinal value. Though many studies examined the protective mechanisms of natural products against CPA toxicity, almost none investigated the modulation of CPA metabolism as a potential underlying mechanism for protection. Here, we investigated the modulating effect of avocado extract (AE) on certain CPA metabolizing enzymes and its correlation with the extent of CPA-induced pulmonary toxicity and urotoxicity. METHODS Rats received oral AE (0.9 g/kg body weight/day) 7 days before a single CPA injection (150 mg/kg body weight) and continued AE intake for 2, 7 or 28 days to study three phases of CPA-induced urotoxicity and pulmonary toxicity. KEY FINDINGS CPA acutely elevated then reduced hepatic microsomal cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6) content and significantly suppressed bladder and lung glutathione-S-transferase activity. Furthermore, CPA elevated lung myeloperoxidase activity, DNA content and hydroxyproline level and bladder blood content. AE ameliorated CPA-induced derangements through suppression of CYP2B6 and myeloperoxidase and augmentation of glutathione-S-transferase activity in CPA-treated rats. CONCLUSIONS AE modulation of CPA metabolizing enzymes and potential anti-inflammatory effect may mitigate CPA-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mira Magdy William
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Mostafa Nooh
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza, Egypt
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He H, Ma Y, Huang H, Huang C, Chen Z, Chen D, Gu Y, Wang X, Chen J. A comprehensive understanding about the pharmacological effect of diallyl disulfide other than its anti-carcinogenic activities. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 893:173803. [PMID: 33359648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diallyl disulfide (DADS), an oil-soluble sulfur compound that is responsible for the biological effects of garlic, displays numerous biological activities, among which its anti-cancer activities are the most famous ones. In recent years, the pharmacological effects of DADS other than its anti-carcinogenic activities have attracted numerous attentions. For example, it has been reported that DADS can prevent the microglia-mediated neuroinflammatory response and depression-like behaviors in mice. In the cardiovascular system, DADS administration was found to ameliorate the isoproterenol- or streptozotocin-induced cardiac dysfunction via the activation of the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (Akt) signaling. DADS administration can also produce neuroprotective effects in animal models of Alzheimer's disease and protect the heart, endothelium, liver, lung, and kidney against cellular or tissue damages induced by various toxic factors, such as the oxidized-low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), ethanol, acetaminophen, Cis-Diammine Dichloroplatinum (CisPt), and gentamicin. The major mechanisms of action of DADS in disease prevention and/or treatment include inhibition of inflammation, oxidative stress, and cellular apoptosis. Mechanisms, including the activation of Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), protein kinase A (PKA), and cyclic adenosine monophosphate-response element binding protein (CREB) and the inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs), can also mediate the cellular protective effects of DADS in different tissues and organs. In this review, we summarize and discuss the pharmacological effects of DADS other than its anti-carcinogenic activities, aiming to reveal more possibilities for DADS in disease prevention and/or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong First People's Hospital, 6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaoying Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19# Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huaxing Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong First People's Hospital, 6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19# Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Invasive Technology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong First People's Hospital, 6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongjian Chen
- Invasive Technology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong First People's Hospital, 6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiming Gu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19# Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinliang Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong First People's Hospital, 6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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Lee TG, Sanderson D, Doyle P, Li D, Wood RW. High-definition ultrasound characterization of acute cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis in the mouse. Investig Clin Urol 2019; 61:75-80. [PMID: 31942466 PMCID: PMC6946820 DOI: 10.4111/icu.2020.61.1.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To examine associations if any between changes in voiding function, hematuria, and bladder ultrasonography metrics in murine cyclophosphamide-induced chemical cystitis. Materials and Methods Cystitis was induced in 6 female mice by an intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (300 mg/kg). Voiding frequency, void volume, hematuria assessment, and ultrasonographic measurements of the bladder were obtained at baseline, days 1 to 5, and days 9, 11, and 13. Voiding was induced with preferred sweet drinking solution and voiding data collected using an automated data collection system in 135 minute sessions. Bladder wall thickness, lumen volume, and vascular Doppler were acquired using a high definition ultrasound system. Spearman's correlation was used to analyze the association between the voiding changes, hematuria, and ultrasound findings. Results Hematuria was present 24 hours after cyclophosphamide injection. All animals displayed increased bladder vascularity, bladder wall thickness, and void frequency that was associated with concurrent decreased total and average void volumes. Increased bladder wall vascularity was correlated with the presence of hematuria (r=0.59, p<0.01) and bladder wall thickness (r=0.79, p<0.01). Hematuria correlated with increased void frequency (r=0.34, p<0.01). Average void volume was negatively correlated with hematuria (r=−0.50, p<0.01) and frequency (r=−0.38, p<0.01). Conclusions High-definition ultrasound imaging permits in vivo monitoring of changes in bladder morphology associated with voiding function in relation to cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis. Ultrasound imaging of the bladder may assist in differential diagnosis of bladder dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toy G Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, TX, USA
| | - Derrick Sanderson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY, USA
| | - Paula Doyle
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY, USA
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY, USA
| | - Ronald W Wood
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY, USA
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Zhu Q, Sun Z, Jiang Y, Chen F, Wang M. Acrolein scavengers: reactivity, mechanism and impact on health. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011; 55:1375-90. [PMID: 21714129 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2011] [Revised: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Acrolein (ACR) is an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde that exists extensively in the environment and (thermally processed) foods. It can also be generated through endogenous metabolism. Its high electrophilicity makes this aldehyde notorious for its facile reaction with biological nucleophiles, leading to the modification of proteins/DNA and depletion of glutathione. Recent studies also have revealed its roles in disturbing various cell signing pathways in biological systems. With growing evidences of ACR's implication in human diseases, strategies to eliminate its hazardous impacts are of great importance. One of the intervention strategies is the application of reactive scavengers to directly trap ACR. Some known ACR scavengers include sulfur (thiol)-containing and nitrogen (amino)-containing compounds as well as the newly emerging natural polyphenols. In this review, the interactions between ACR and its scavengers are highlighted. The discussion about ACR scavengers is mainly focused on their chemical reactivity, trapping mechanisms as well as their roles extended to biological relevance. In addition to their direct trapping effect on ACR, these scavengers might possess multiple functions and offer additional benefits against ACR-induced toxicity. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanism involved may help to establish ACR scavenging as a novel therapeutic intervention against human diseases that are associated with ACR and/or oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhu
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
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Thoolen B, Maronpot RR, Harada T, Nyska A, Rousseaux C, Nolte T, Malarkey DE, Kaufmann W, Küttler K, Deschl U, Nakae D, Gregson R, Vinlove MP, Brix AE, Singh B, Belpoggi F, Ward JM. Proliferative and nonproliferative lesions of the rat and mouse hepatobiliary system. Toxicol Pathol 2011; 38:5S-81S. [PMID: 21191096 DOI: 10.1177/0192623310386499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 398] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The INHAND Project (International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria for Lesions in Rats and Mice) is a joint initiative of the Societies of Toxicologic Pathology from Europe (ESTP), Great Britain (BSTP), Japan (JSTP) and North America (STP) to develop an internationally-accepted nomenclature for proliferative and non-proliferative lesions in laboratory animals. The purpose of this publication is to provide a standardized nomenclature and differential diagnosis for classifying microscopic lesions observed in the hepatobiliary system of laboratory rats and mice, with color microphotographs illustrating examples of some lesions. The standardized nomenclature presented in this document is also available for society members electronically on the internet (http://goreni.org). Sources of material included histopathology databases from government, academia, and industrial laboratories throughout the world. Content includes spontaneous and aging lesions as well as lesions induced by exposure to test materials. A widely accepted and utilized international harmonization of nomenclature for lesions of the hepatobiliary system in laboratory animals will decrease confusion among regulatory and scientific research organizations in different countries and provide a common language to increase and enrich international exchanges of information among toxicologists and pathologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bob Thoolen
- Global Pathology Support, The Hague, The Netherlands.
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Al-Yahya AA, Al-Majed AA, Gado AM, Daba MH, Al-Shabanah OA, Abd-Allah ARA. Acacia Senegal gum exudate offers protection against cyclophosphamide-induced urinary bladder cytotoxicity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2011; 2:207-13. [PMID: 20716906 PMCID: PMC2763258 DOI: 10.4161/oxim.2.4.8878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cylophosphamide (CYCL) is a strong anticancer and immunosuppressive agent but its urotoxicity presents one of the major toxic effects that limit its wide usage particularly in high dose regimens. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate Acacia Senegal gum exudate, Gum Arabic (GA), for its possible role as a natural, nontoxic agent against CYCL-induced urotoxicity. Male Swiss albino rats were exposed to CYCL (150 mg/kg BW, once i.p) with or without GA oral supplementation (7.5 g/kg/day for 6 days) through drinking water. Glutathione (GSH), Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Nitric oxide (NO) bladder contents were assessed. Responsiveness of the bladder rings to acetylcholine (ACh) in vitro, microscopic and macroscopic features are also investigated. CYCL produced pronounced harmful effects on bladder urothelial lining with significant increases in (MDA) and NO levels in the tissue homogenates. Bladder-GSH content is dropped by over 60% following CYCL injection. Bladder contractility, as measured by its responsiveness to ACh, recorded a marked reduction. The isolated bladders exhibited such macroscopic changes as severe edema, inflammation and extravasation. The bladder weight increased as well. Histological changes were evident in the form of severe congestion, petechial hemorrhage and chronic inflammatory reaction in the lamina propria accompanied with desquamated epithelia. GA, a potential protective agent, produced an almost complete reversal of NO induction, lipid peroxidation or cellular GSH bladder contents in the GA + CYCL-treated group. Likewise, bladder inflammation and edema were reduced. Bladder rings showed a remarkable recovery in their responsiveness to ACh. Bladder histological examination showed a near normal configuration and structural integrity, with a significant reduction in inflammation and disappearance of focal erosions. These remarkable effects of GA may be attributed to its ability to neutralize acrolein, the reactive metabolite of CYCL and/or the resultant reactive oxygen metabolites, through a scavenging action. GA may limit the cascading events of CYCL-induced damage, initiating a cytoprotective effect leading to structural and functional recovery of the bladder tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz A Al-Yahya
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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A Theoretical Investigation on N7(H)→N9(H) Tautomerization of Isolated and Monohydrated 2,6-Dithiopurine Combined with IPCM Solvent Model. CHINESE J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201090161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Saandeep K, Vikram A, Tripathi DN, Ramarao P, Jena G. Influence of Hyperglycaemia on Chemical-Induced Toxicity: Study with Cyclophosphamide in Rat. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2009; 105:236-42. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2009.00433.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Theoretical study of interaction of 2,6-dithiopurine with Li+, Na+, K+, Be2+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ metal cations. Struct Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-009-9415-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sudharsan PT, Mythili Y, Selvakumar E, Varalakshmi P. Lupeol and its ester inhibit alteration of myocardial permeability in cyclophosphamide administered rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2006; 292:39-44. [PMID: 17009100 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-006-9171-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2006] [Accepted: 03/01/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CP), an alkylating agent widely used in cancer chemotherapy causes cardiac membrane damage. Lupeol, a pentacyclic triterpene, isolated from Crataeva nurvala stem bark and its ester, lupeol linoleate possess a wide range of medicinal properties. The effect of lupeol and its ester was evaluated in CP induced alterations in cardiac electrolytes in rats. Male albino rats of Wistar strain were categorized into 6 groups. Group I served as control. Rats in groups II, V and VI were injected intraperitoneally with a single dose of CP (200 mg/kg body weight) dissolved in saline. CP treated groups V and VI received lupeol and lupeol linoleate (50 mg/kg body weight) respectively, dissolved in olive oil for 10 days by oral gavage. At the end of the experimental period, urinary risk factors, activities of ATPases and electrolytes were measured using standard procedures. CP administered rats showed a significant decrease (P < 0.001) in the activities of ATPases. It was associated with significant alterations (P < 0.001) of electrolytes both in serum and cardiac tissue. The levels of urea, uric acid and creatinine were also significantly (P < 0.001) altered in the serum and urine. Lupeol and its ester showed reversal of the above alterations induced by CP. These findings demonstrate that the supplementation with lupeol and its ester could preserve membrane permeability, highlighting their protective effect against CP induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Periyasamy Thandavan Sudharsan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. ALM. Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai 600113, India
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Rostkowska H, Lapinski L, Nowak MJ. Photochemical Double-Proton-Transfer Reactions in 2,6-Dithiopurine. A Matrix Isolation Study. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp026390o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Rostkowska
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Leszek Lapinski
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej J. Nowak
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
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Wood R, Eichel L, Messing EM, Schwarz E. Automated noninvasive measurement of cyclophosphamide-induced changes in murine voiding frequency and volume. J Urol 2001; 165:653-9. [PMID: 11176453 DOI: 10.1097/00005392-200102000-00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We developed an automated noninvasive method for studying bladder function in mice. Changes in voided volume and frequency accompanying cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis were measured using computerized digital balances. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight CRL CD-1 mice were given a solution of glucose and saccharin to increase urine output and studied during the dark cycle, when most voiding occurs. Urine fell directly onto electronic balance pans. The time and weight of each void was recorded. Computer programs adjusted for evaporative loss analyzed voiding data within and across sessions. After establishing stable voiding patterns 300 mg./kg. cyclophosphamide were administered intraperitoneally. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was done to compare median voided volumes, frequency and gm. per hour of urine produced before and after cyclophosphamide. RESULTS We implemented an automated method for voiding studies in mice. After cyclophosphamide administration the number of voids per hour increased and voided volume decreased. Some mice had as much as a 70% decrease in bladder volume and a tripling of urinary frequency. Mice responded by a sustained elevation in frequency and decreased voided volume as early as 24 hours after cyclophosphamide administration or by a pattern of delayed toxicity. CONCLUSIONS This noninvasive technique measures changes in mouse voiding patterns with great sensitivity and minimal effort. The method is applicable to murine models of interstitial cystitis, detrusor instability and other abnormal voiding states. It may be used for evaluating potential therapies for such conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wood
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Urology and Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
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