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Eaves LA, Keil AP, Jukic AM, Dhingra R, Brooks JL, Manuck TA, Rager JE, Fry RC. Toxic metal mixtures in private well water and increased risk for preterm birth in North Carolina. Environ Health 2023; 22:69. [PMID: 37845729 PMCID: PMC10577978 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-023-01021-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to metals in private well water may increase the risk of preterm birth (PTB) (delivery < 37 weeks' gestation). In this study, we estimated associations between arsenic, manganese, lead, cadmium, chromium, copper, and zinc concentrations in private well water and PTB incidence in North Carolina (NC). METHODS Birth certificates from 2003-2015 (n = 1,329,071) were obtained and pregnancies were assigned exposure using the mean concentration and the percentage of tests above the maximum contaminant level (MCL) for the census tract of each individuals' residence at the time of delivery using the NCWELL database (117,960 well water tests from 1998-2019). We evaluated associations between single metals and PTB using adjusted logistic regression models. Metals mixtures were assessed using quantile-based g-computation. RESULTS Compared with those in other census tracts, individuals residing in tracts where > 25% of tests exceeded the MCL for lead (aOR 1.10, 95%CI 1.02,1.18) or cadmium (aOR 1.11, 95% CI 1.00,1.23) had an increased odds of PTB. Conversely, those residing in areas with > 25% MCL for zinc (aOR 0.77 (95% CI: 0.56,1.02) and copper (aOR 0.53 (95% CI: 0.13,1.34)) had a reduced odds of PTB. A quartile increase in the concentrations of a mixture of lead, cadmium, and chromium was associated with a small increased odds for PTB (aOR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01, 1.03). This metal mixture effect was most pronounced among American Indian individuals (aOR per quartile increase in all metals: 1.19 (95% CI 1.06,1.34)). CONCLUSIONS In a large study population of over one million births, lead and cadmium were found to increase the risk of PTB individually and in a mixture, with additional mixtures-related impacts estimated from co-exposure with chromium. This study highlights critical racial and ethnic health disparities in relation to private well water thereby emphasizing the urgent need for improved private well water quality to protect vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Eaves
- Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 166A Rosenau Hall, CB #7431, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alexander P Keil
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Anne Marie Jukic
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Radhika Dhingra
- Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 166A Rosenau Hall, CB #7431, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Jada L Brooks
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tracy A Manuck
- Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Julia E Rager
- Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 166A Rosenau Hall, CB #7431, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca C Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 166A Rosenau Hall, CB #7431, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Alharbi RM, Sholkamy EN, Alsamhary KI, Abdel-Raouf N, Ibraheem IBM. Optimization Study of the Capacity of Chlorella vulgaris as a Potential Bio-Remediator for the Bio-Adsorption of Arsenic (III) from Aquatic Environments. TOXICS 2023; 11:toxics11050439. [PMID: 37235253 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11050439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the ability of the green microalgae Chlorella vulgaris to remove arsenic from aqueous solutions. A series of studies was conducted to determine the optimal conditions for biological arsenic elimination, including biomass amount, incubation time, initial arsenic level, and pH values. At 76 min, pH 6, 50 mgL-1 metal concentration, and 1 gL-1 bio-adsorbent dosage, the maximum removal of arsenic from an aqueous solution was 93%. The uptake of As (III) ions by C. vulgaris reached an equilibrium at 76 min of bio-adsorption. The maximum adsorptive rate of arsenic (III) by C. vulgaris was 55 mg/gm. The Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich equations were used to fit the experimental data. The best theoretical isotherm of Langmuir, Freundlich, or/and Dubinin-Radushkevich for arsenic bio-adsorption by Chlorella vulgaris was determined. To choose the best theoretical isotherm, the coefficient of correlation was used. The data on absorption appeared to be linearly consistent with the Langmuir (qmax = 45 mgg-1; R2 = 0.9894), Freundlich (kf = 1.44; R2 = 0.7227), and Dubinin-Radushkevich (qD-R = 8.7 mg/g; R2 = 0.951) isotherms. The Langmuir and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms were both good two-parameter isotherms. In general, Langmuir was demonstrated to be the most accurate model for As (III) bio-adsorption on the bio-adsorbent. Maximum bio-adsorption values and a good correlation coefficient were observed for the first-order kinetic model, indicating that it was the best fitting model and significant in describing the arsenic (III) adsorption process. SEM micrographs of treated and untreated algal cells revealed that ions adsorbed on the algal cell's surface. A Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR) was used to analyze the functional groups in algal cells, such as the carboxyl group, hydroxyl, amines, and amides, which aided in the bio-adsorption process. Thus, C. vulgaris has great potential and can be found in eco-friendly biomaterials capable of adsorbing arsenic contaminants from water sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Mohammed Alharbi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin 39524, Saudi Arabia
| | - Essam Nageh Sholkamy
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khawla Ibrahim Alsamhary
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neveen Abdel-Raouf
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Salah Salem Street, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Ibraheem Borie M Ibraheem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Salah Salem Street, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
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3
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Wei L, Chen X, Huang H, Zhang R, Shen S, Duan W, Su L, Yu H, Christiani DC, Wei Y, Chen F. Novel trace elements detected in multiple stages of pregnancy impact neonatal birth weight by affecting gestational age. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114475. [PMID: 38321690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to elements may be associated with birth weight via shortening of gestation. This study aimed to determine if prenatal exposure is associated with birth weight, and to explore the potential mediating role of gestational age in the association. Within an established Bangladesh prospective birth cohort (2008-2011), we analyzed the concentrations of 15 elements in maternal serum samples collected during the first (n = 780) and second (n = 610) trimesters using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Mediation analyses explored the relationships between these elements, gestational age, and birth weight. Serum concentrations of cobalt (Co) (first trimester: b = 56.5; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 13.5-99.0; false discovery rate [FDR]-q = 0.035; second trimester: b = 73.3; 95% CI: 20.4-130.2; FDR-q = 0.037) and antimony (Sb) in both trimesters (first trimester:b = 92.1; 95% CI: 66.0-118.9; FDR-q < 0.001; second trimester: b = 93.3; 95% CI: 67.3-118.4; FDR-q < 0.001), and strontium (Sr) in the first trimester (b = 142.4; 95% CI: 41.6-247.9; FDR-q = 0.035) were positively associated with birth weight, while negative associations were observed for barium (Ba) (first trimester: b = -154.8; 95% CI: -217.9 to 91.8; FDR-q <0.001; second trimester: b = -26.7; 95% CI: -44.9 to 10.2; FDR-q < 0.001). These elements act partially by affecting gestation age and appear to have heightened impact among smaller infants. Further research is needed to determine the biological underpinnings of these effects, which may inform strategies to avert low birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangmin Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Ruyang Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Sipeng Shen
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Weiwei Duan
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Li Su
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - David C Christiani
- China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yongyue Wei
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing 100191, China; China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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Bai AM, Li Q, Li Y, Fan ZX, Li XQ, Tan WH, Cao DY, Kang YJ. Investigation Into Environmental Selenium and Arsenic Levels and Arseniasis Prevalence in an Arsenic-Affected Coal-Burning Area. Front Nutr 2022; 9:922481. [PMID: 35795582 PMCID: PMC9251510 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.922481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to explore whether selenium (Se) concentration correlates with arseniasis in a high-arsenic coal area in the southern Shaanxi Province, China. Herein, an epidemiological investigation was conducted among 100 arsenic (As)-poisoned patients in Ziyang County, an area with high soil As and Se levels. Fifty healthy subjects were selected from areas without endemic As poisoning. The subjects in the high-As coal area were diagnosed with either normal, suspicious, mild, moderate, or severe As poisoning. Local coal, water, soil, corn, and pepper samples, as well as hair, blood, and urine samples of subjects and patients were collected and analyzed for their As and Se contents. The contents of As and Se in coal, soil, corn, pepper, and hair samples from Ziyang County were significantly higher than those in the control area. The As content of hair in Ziyang County positively correlated with As poisoning, whereas the Se content of hair and urine negatively correlated with As poisoning. The Se content in the body was negatively correlated with the degree of As poisoning, indicating that Se may accelerate the metabolism and decumulation of As and antagonize As toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Mei Bai
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of the National Health Commission, Shaanxi Provincial Institute For Endemic Disease Control, Xi’an, China
| | - Qian Li
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Research Center of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University College of Stomatology, Xi’an, China
| | - Yue Li
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of the National Health Commission, Shaanxi Provincial Institute For Endemic Disease Control, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhong-Xue Fan
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of the National Health Commission, Shaanxi Provincial Institute For Endemic Disease Control, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Li
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of the National Health Commission, Shaanxi Provincial Institute For Endemic Disease Control, Xi’an, China
| | - Wen-Hong Tan
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Research Center of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University College of Stomatology, Xi’an, China
| | - Dong-Yuan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Research Center of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University College of Stomatology, Xi’an, China
| | - Yi-Jun Kang
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Yi-Jun Kang,
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5
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Kumar A, Rahman MS, Ali M, Salaun P, Gourain A, Kumar S, Kumar R, Niraj PK, Kumar M, Kumar D, Bishwapriya A, Singh S, Murti K, Dhingra S, Sakamoto M, Ghosh AK. Assessment of disease burden in the arsenic exposed population of Chapar village of Samastipur district, Bihar, India, and related mitigation initiative. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:27443-27459. [PMID: 34982385 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18207-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fast growing arsenic menace is causing serious health hazards in Bihar, India, with an estimated 10 million people at risk. The exposed population is often unaware of the problem, which only amplifies the burden of arsenic health effects. In the present study, we have assessed the current situation of arsenic exposure in Chapar village of Samastipur district, Bihar. The health of the inhabitants was assessed and correlated with (1) arsenic concentrations in the groundwater of individual wells and (2) arsenic concentration found in their hair and urine. Altogether, 113 inhabitants were assessed, and 113 hair, urine and groundwater samples were collected. The health study reveals that the exposure to arsenic has caused serious health hazard amongst the exposed population with pronounced skin manifestations, loss of appetite, anaemia, constipation, diarrhoea, general body weakness, raised blood pressure, breathlessness, diabetes, mental disabilities, diabetes, lumps in the body and few cancer incidences. It was found that 52% of the total collected groundwater samples had arsenic levels higher than the WHO limit of 10 µg/l (with a maximum arsenic concentration of 1212 µg/l) and the reduced arsenite was the predominant form in samples tested for speciation (N = 19). In the case of hair samples, 29% of the samples had arsenic concentrations higher than the permissible limit of 0.2 mg/kg, with a maximum arsenic concentration of 46 µg/l, while in 20% exposed population, there was significant arsenic contamination in urine samples > 50 µg/l. In Chapar village, the probability of carcinogenic-related risk in the exposed population consuming arsenic contaminated water is 100% for children, 99.1% for females and 97.3% for male subjects. The assessment report shared to the government enabled the village population to receive two arsenic filter units. These units are currently operational and catering 250 households providing arsenic-free water through piped water scheme. This study therefore identified a significant solution for this arsenic-exposed population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar
- Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Centre, Phulwarisharif, Patna, 801505, Bihar, India.
| | - Md Samiur Rahman
- Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Centre, Phulwarisharif, Patna, 801505, Bihar, India
| | - Mohammad Ali
- Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Centre, Phulwarisharif, Patna, 801505, Bihar, India
| | | | | | | | - Ranjit Kumar
- Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Kangra, HP, India
| | - Pintoo Kumar Niraj
- Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Centre, Phulwarisharif, Patna, 801505, Bihar, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Centre, Phulwarisharif, Patna, 801505, Bihar, India
| | - Dhruv Kumar
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | | | | | - Krishna Murti
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Sameer Dhingra
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | | | - Ashok Kumar Ghosh
- Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Centre, Phulwarisharif, Patna, 801505, Bihar, India
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Patel A, Tiwari S, Prasad SM. Arsenate and arsenite-induced inhibition and recovery in two diazotrophic cyanobacteria Nostoc muscorum and Anabaena sp.: study on time-dependent toxicity regulation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:51088-51104. [PMID: 33974205 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13800-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exposure time, metal bio-accumulation, and upregulation of ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle are the key factor that provide tolerance against heavy metal stress. Thus, the current study is an endeavor to prove our hypothesis that regulation of arsenate (AsV: 50, 100, and 150 mM) and arsenite (AsIII: 50, 100, and 150 μM) toxicity is time dependent (48-96 h) due to modulation in bio-accumulation pattern, AsA-GSH cycle, and non-enzymatic antioxidants in two paddy field cyanobacteria Nostoc muscorum ATCC27893 and Anabaena sp. PCC7120. After 48 h, reduction in growth associated with increased sensitivity index, As bio-accumulation, and oxidative stress was observed which further intensified after 96 h but the degree of damage was lesser than 48 h. It denotes a significant recovery in growth after 96 h which is correlated with decreased As bio-accumulation and oxidative stress due to increased efficiency of AsA-GSH cycle and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Both the species of As caused significant rise in oxidative biomarkers as evident by in -vitro analysis of O2·-, H2O2, and MDA equivalent contents despite appreciable rise in the activity antioxidative enzymes APX, DHAR, and GR. The study concludes that among both forms of arsenic, AsIII induced more toxic effect on growth by over-accumulating the ROS as evident by weak induction of AsA-GSH cycle to overcome the stress as compared to AsV. Further, with increasing the time exposure, apparent recovery was noticed with the lower doses of AsV, i.e., 50 and 100 mM and AsIII, i.e., 50 and 100 μM; however, the toxicity further aggravated with higher dose of both AsV and AsIII. Study proposes the deleterious impact of AsV and AsIII on cyanobacteria N. muscorum and Anabaena sp. but the toxicity was overcome by time-dependent recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Patel
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India
| | - Sanjesh Tiwari
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India
| | - Sheo Mohan Prasad
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India.
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Kumar A, Kumar R, Rahman MS, Ali M, Kumar R, Nupur N, Gaurav A, Raj V, Anand G, Niraj PK, Kumar N, Srivastava A, Biswapriya A, Chand GB, Kumar D, Rashmi T, Kumar S, Sakamoto M, Ghosh AK. Assessment of arsenic exposure in the population of Sabalpur village of Saran District of Bihar with mitigation approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:43923-43934. [PMID: 33840036 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13521-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic poisoning through groundwater is the world's greatest normal groundwater catastrophe which got an immense effect on worldwide general wellbeing. India is confronting the outcomes of arsenic poisoning in the zone of Ganga Brahmaputra alluvial plains. In Bihar, out of 38 districts, 18 districts are exceptionally influenced with groundwater arsenic defilement. In the present study, we have assessed the current situation of arsenic exposure in Sabalpur village of Saran district of Bihar after reporting of breast, renal, skin and thyroid cancer cases from this village along with typical symptoms of arsenicosis. Such cancer patients were identified at our institute and were taken for the study. The present investigation deals with the quantification of arsenic in groundwater, hair and nail samples of subjects as well as the survey of entire village to know the overall health status of the village people. A total of n=128 household handpump water samples as well as n=128 human hair and nail samples were collected from over n=520 households. Using the graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer (GF-AAS), all the samples were analysed. The investigation resulted that the 61% of the analysed samples particularly the groundwater had the arsenic levels more than the permissible limit of WHO (> 10 μg/L) with 244.20 μg/L as the highest arsenic contamination in one of the handpump water sample. The exposure effect of hair sample was worst as 88% of all the collected samples were having high arsenic levels more than the permissible limit (> 0.2 mg/Kg). In case of nail samples, 92% of the samples were having high arsenic concentration more than the permissible limit (> 0.5 mg/Kg). The health survey study revealed high magnitude of disease burden in the exposed population with symptoms such as asthma, anaemia, hepatomegaly, diabetes, cardiac problem, skin fungal infections, breathlessness and mental disability. Few cancer cases of renal, skin, breast and cervix were also found among the exposed population of this village. The percentage of cancer cases in this village was 0.94% that was low, but it would be an aggravated situation in the near future if people will continue drinking arsenic-contaminated water. Therefore, a mitigation intervention was carried out in March 2020 by installing an arsenic filter plant. The health situation in the village in the present scenario is hope to improve in the coming years. However, motivation and awareness among the village population are still required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar
- Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Centre, Phulwarisharif, Patna, Bihar, 801505, India.
| | - Rishav Kumar
- Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Centre, Phulwarisharif, Patna, Bihar, 801505, India
| | - Md Samiur Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology, Anugrah Narayan College, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Mohammad Ali
- Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Centre, Phulwarisharif, Patna, Bihar, 801505, India
| | - Ranjit Kumar
- Department of Animal Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Pradesh, India
| | - Neha Nupur
- Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Centre, Phulwarisharif, Patna, Bihar, 801505, India
| | - Aman Gaurav
- Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Centre, Phulwarisharif, Patna, Bihar, 801505, India
| | - Vikram Raj
- Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Centre, Phulwarisharif, Patna, Bihar, 801505, India
| | - Gautam Anand
- Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Centre, Phulwarisharif, Patna, Bihar, 801505, India
| | - Pintoo Kumar Niraj
- Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Centre, Phulwarisharif, Patna, Bihar, 801505, India
| | - Nirmal Kumar
- Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Centre, Phulwarisharif, Patna, Bihar, 801505, India
| | - Abhinav Srivastava
- Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Centre, Phulwarisharif, Patna, Bihar, 801505, India
| | | | | | - Dhruv Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tuhin Rashmi
- Department of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Applied Geoscience and Engineering, Delft University of Technology|, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Maiko Sakamoto
- Department of International Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 2778563, Japan
| | - Ashok Kumar Ghosh
- Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Centre, Phulwarisharif, Patna, Bihar, 801505, India
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Dhuldhaj UP, Pandya UV. Physicochemical behavioral changes in consort with nitrogen metabolism of cyanobacterium Anabaena PCC 7120 under arsenite regimes. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:4367-4383. [PMID: 34120198 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02405-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to investigate the arsenite (As III)-induced changes in the diazotrophic cyanobacterium Anabaena PCC 7120. It was observed that the growth of cyanobacterial decreased with increase in As (III) concentration. The cells exposed to As (III) showed morphological variation (deformity) due to the formation of deeper constrictions in vegetative cells. Strain showed increased heterocyst differentiation (1.6-fold higher) whereas decreased nitrogenase activity at the concentration of 40 ppm As (III). The activities of NR, NiR, urease and GS decreased with increase in As (III) concentrations and attained their minimum levels at 40 ppm of As (III). The Ca2+-dependent ATPase activity increased with increase in As (III) concentration and attained its about 2.72-fold higher level at 40 ppm of As (III). In contrast, sharp decline in Mg2+-dependent ATPase activity (28%) was recorded at 1 ppm of As (III) over untreated control. The rates of photosynthetic O2 evolution and respiration decreased with increase in As (III) concentration and attained its minimal level at 40 ppm of As (III). Therefore, this study highlighted arsenite regimes efficiently correlated with behavioral changes in consort with strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh Pravin Dhuldhaj
- School of Life Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded, 431606, Maharashtra, India
| | - Urja Vinodray Pandya
- Department of Microbiology, Gujarat Vidyapith, Sadra, Gandhinagar, 382320, Gujarat, India.
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Shi L, Hu X, Wang N, Liang H, Wu C, Cao H. Histopathological examination and transcriptome analyses to assess the acute toxic effects of arsenite exposure on rare minnows (Gobiocypris rarus). ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2020; 29:613-624. [PMID: 32385600 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02222-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is ubiquitously present in the aquatic environment. We investigated the acute toxic effects of arsenite [As(III)] exposure on rare minnows (Gobiocypris rarus) in vivo. The 96-h LC50 value for exposure to As(III) was 13.73 mg/L. As(III) bioaccumulation in different tissues was measured using inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and the extent of As(III) accumulation was, from greatest to least, liver > intestine > gills > muscle > kidney > testis > brain. Histological examination revealed that in As(III)-treated fish, numerous cellular and tissue alterations were present in the gill, liver, and intestine tissues. Moreover, transmission electron microscopy showed ultrastructural alterations in hepatocytes. We also performed transcriptome analyses to investigate As(III)-induced toxicity response in the liver of As(III)-treated fish; various oxidative-related genes were differentially expressed, and their expression levels were further validated using qPCR. This study is one of the many steps we aim to take on the way to promote the rare minnow to an international standard laboratory animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Shi
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Key Lab of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS, Wuhan, 430223, China
- School of Life Sciences, Huizhou University, Huizhou, 516007, China
| | - Xudong Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Nenghan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huifang Liang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chenxi Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hong Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
- Key Lab of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS, Wuhan, 430223, China.
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10
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Zhong G, Wan F, Yan H, Ning Z, Wang C, Li Y, Pan J, Tang Z, Yang Z, Huang R, Hu L. Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases Are Related to Arsenic Trioxide-Induced Oxidative Stress in Mouse Liver. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 195:535-543. [PMID: 31473893 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01881-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (ATO), a trivalent arsenic compound, is known to disrupt redox homeostasis. Methionine sulfoxide reductases (Msrs), a group of antioxidant proteins, convert methionine sulfoxide back to methionine in living organisms exposed to oxidative stress. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of ATO on oxidative stress and the expressions of Msrs in mouse liver. Sixty male mice were randomly divided into six equal groups: one control group and five groups that received ATO treatment (0.3, 1, 3, 6, and 9 mg/kg, respectively). After a 4-week treatment, livers specimens were collected and assayed for malonyldialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity. In addition, the mRNA expressions of SOD-1 and HO-1 and the mRNA and protein expressions of Msrs were also determined. Results showed that the T-AOC activity, SOD activity, and SOD-1 mRNA expression were significantly decreased (P < 0.01), while the GSH-Px level, MDA content, and HO-1 mRNA expression were significantly increased in mice treated with ATO compared with control. Levels of MsrB2 mRNA and MsrA protein were significantly increased by ATO treatment, except in the highest dose group. There were no significant changes in MsrB3 mRNA level. ATO, at 1 or 3 mg/kg, increased MsrB1 expression. Modifications in MsrA protein level were consistent with changes in mRNA levels. Collectively, our results suggest that ATO induced oxidative stress and then led to the variations in Msrs activity in mouse liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaolong Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Fang Wan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hao Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhijun Ning
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Congcong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiaqiang Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhaoxin Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zengming Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Riming Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Lianmei Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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11
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Das A, Mohanty S, Kuanr BK. Label-free gold nanorod-based plasmonic sensing of arsenic(iii) in contaminated water. Analyst 2019; 144:4708-4718. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an00668k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient label-free strategy for arsenic(iii) sensing in water through the suppression of iron(iii)-catalyzed oxidative shortening of gold nanorods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Das
- Special Centre for Nanoscience
- Jawaharlal Nehru University
- New Delhi-110067
- India
| | - Sonali Mohanty
- Special Centre for Nanoscience
- Jawaharlal Nehru University
- New Delhi-110067
- India
| | - Bijoy Kumar Kuanr
- Special Centre for Nanoscience
- Jawaharlal Nehru University
- New Delhi-110067
- India
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12
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Dhuldhaj U, Pandya U, Singh S. Anti-Oxidative Response of Cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 to Arsenite (As(III)). Microbiology (Reading) 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261718060097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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13
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Tanu T, Anjum A, Jahan M, Nikkon F, Hoque M, Roy AK, Haque A, Himeno S, Hossain K, Saud ZA. Antimony-Induced Neurobehavioral and Biochemical Perturbations in Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018. [PMID: 29520725 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1290-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Groundwater used for drinking has been contaminated with naturally occurring inorganic arsenic and other metals, and metal-contaminated drinking water is the biggest threat to public health in Bangladesh. Toxic metals present in the drinking water have a strong relationship with chronic diseases in humans. Antimony (Sb), a naturally occurring metal, has been reported to be present in the drinking water along with other heavy metals in Bangladesh. Although Sb is present in the environment, very little attention has been given to the toxic effects of Sb. The present study was designed to investigate the in vivo effects of Sb on neurobehavioral changes like anxiety, learning and memory impairment, and blood indices related to organ dysfunction. Mice exposed to antimony potassium-tartrate hydrate (Sb) (10 mg/kg body weight) significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the time spent in open arms while increased the time spent in closed arms compared to the control mice in elevated plus maze. The mean latency time of control group to find the platform decreased (p < 0.05) significantly during 7 days learning as compared to Sb-treated group in Morris water maze test, and Sb-exposed group spent significantly (p < 0.05) less time in the desired quadrant as compared to the control group in probe trial. Sb treatment also significantly altered blood indices related to liver and kidney dysfunction. Additionally, Sb-induced biochemical alterations were associated with significant perturbations in histological architecture of liver and kidney of Sb-exposed mice. These data suggest that Sb has a toxic effect on neurobehavioral and biochemical changes in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanzina Tanu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Adiba Anjum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Momotaj Jahan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Farjana Nikkon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Mominul Hoque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Apurba Kumar Roy
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Azizul Haque
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Seiichiro Himeno
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Khaled Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Zahangir Alam Saud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
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14
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Yu S, Liao WT, Lee CH, Chai CY, Yu CL, Yu HS. Immunological dysfunction in chronic arsenic exposure: From subclinical condition to skin cancer. J Dermatol 2018; 45:1271-1277. [DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.14620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Yu
- Department of Dermatology; Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology; College of Medicine; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology; University of California Davis School of Medicine; Sacramento California USA
| | - Wei-Ting Liao
- Department of Biotechnology; College of Life Science; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Lee
- Department of Dermatology; Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Chee-Yin Chai
- Department of Pathology; Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Chia-Li Yu
- Department of International Medicine; National Taiwan University Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Su Yu
- Department of Dermatology; Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology; College of Medicine; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine; College of Medicine; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
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15
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Firdaus F, Zafeer MF, Ahmad M, Afzal M. Anxiolytic and anti-inflammatory role of thymoquinone in arsenic-induced hippocampal toxicity in Wistar rats. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00650. [PMID: 29984327 PMCID: PMC6024171 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a widely existing metalloid in the biosphere. Drinking water contamination by arsenic is a major route of human exposure, either by natural means or through industrial pollution. Numerous evidence form earlier reports suggest that arsenic exposure causes cerebral neurodegeneration which initiates behavioral disturbances concomitant to psychiatric disorders. Also, mood disorders in humans as well as in animals correlate with arsenic exposure; the present study is carried out to implore the neuroprotective potential of thymoquinone (TQ) in arsenic-stressed rats. TQ is an active component of Nigella sativa (Kalonji) seed oil. Arsenic exposure in the form of sodium arsenate (10 mg/kg/day; p.o) caused neurobehavioral deficits as evidenced by changes in locomotion and exploratory behavior in open-field and elevated plus maze tasks. Alongside this, arsenate also elevated hippocampal oxidative stress parameters like lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and protein carbonyl formation with a decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) content. Genotoxicity assessment by Comet assay also showed prominent levels of DNA damage. Furthermore, arsenic also elevated hippocampal cytokine levels, TNF-α and INF-γ. However, TQ supplementation (2.5 and 5 mg/kg/day, p.o) preceded three days before arsenic administration, significantly attenuated arsenic-associated anxiogenic changes which majorly attributed to its antioxidant and anxiolytic potential. Also, TQ pre-treated rats expressed positive shifts in the hippocampal oxidative stress and cytokine levels with decreased DNA fragmentation. Thus, this study concludes that TQ might serve as a strong therapeutic agent for management of anxiety and depressive outcomes of arsenic intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakiha Firdaus
- Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohd Faraz Zafeer
- Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Masood Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Afzal
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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16
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Chen C, Luo F, Yang Q, Wang D, Yang P, Xue J, Dai X, Liu X, Xu H, Lu J, Zhang A, Liu Q. NF-κB-regulated miR-155, via repression of QKI, contributes to the acquisition of CSC-like phenotype during the neoplastic transformation of hepatic cells induced by arsenite. Mol Carcinog 2017; 57:483-493. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- Institute of Toxicology; School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology; Ministry of Education; School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Luo
- Institute of Toxicology; School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology; Ministry of Education; School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Qianlei Yang
- Institute of Toxicology; School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology; Ministry of Education; School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Dapeng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control; Ministry of Education; School of Public Health; Guizhou Medical University; Guiyang Guizhou People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Yang
- The School of Public Health, Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis; Guangzhou Medical University; Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic China
| | - Junchao Xue
- Institute of Toxicology; School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology; Ministry of Education; School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyu Dai
- Institute of Toxicology; School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology; Ministry of Education; School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Xinlu Liu
- Institute of Toxicology; School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology; Ministry of Education; School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Xu
- Institute of Toxicology; School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology; Ministry of Education; School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Jiachun Lu
- The School of Public Health, Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis; Guangzhou Medical University; Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control; Ministry of Education; School of Public Health; Guizhou Medical University; Guiyang Guizhou People's Republic of China
| | - Qizhan Liu
- Institute of Toxicology; School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology; Ministry of Education; School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu People's Republic of China
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17
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Etim EU. Occurrence and Distribution of Arsenic, Antimony and Selenium in Shallow Groundwater Systems of Ibadan Metropolis, Southwestern Nigerian. J Health Pollut 2017; 7:32-41. [PMID: 30524812 PMCID: PMC6236527 DOI: 10.5696/2156-9614-7-13.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arsenic, antimony and selenium contamination of groundwater is of great concern due to the potential detrimental effects to human health. OBJECTIVES This study investigates the occurrence and distribution of arsenic, antimony and selenium in the shallow groundwater system of Ibadan metropolis, southwestern Nigeria. METHODS A total of 210 groundwater samples were collected from 35 shallow wells (3.15-7.86 m) within the residential, commercial, industrial and agricultural areas of the metropolis during the dry and wet seasons. The average daily dose intake (ADD), hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) of arsenic, antimony and selenium exposure in groundwater were calculated from these four studied areas for children and adults. RESULTS Average concentrations of arsenic, antimony and selenium in groundwater ranged between 2.17±3.49 to 33.8±37.2 μg/L, 13.5±15.0 to 33.2±36.8 μg/L and 7.33±6.22 to 46.3±22.4 μg/L, respectively. A corresponding analysis relay plot showed the order of occurrence of these trace metals in groundwater to be antimony>selenium>arsenic. The principal component analysis biplot showed that arsenic, antimony and selenium were fairly distributed in all of the study areas, suggesting the influence of geogenic factors. A total of 74.3% of sampling locations had antimony levels slightly above the World Health Organization (WHO) safe limit of 20 μg/L. Statistical t testing (0.05 confidence limit) showed a significant difference in seasonal levels of groundwater antimony concentration, with the dry season recording significantly higher levels with 100% of samples exceeding WHO safe limits. The chemical of highest potential human health concern is antimony, with a non-carcinogenic HQ risk factor >2 for both age groups. The overall non-carcinogenic HI was highest in the commercial area, 4.1989 for adults and 5.2487 for children. CONCLUSIONS Antimony in groundwater within the Ibadan metropolis raises health concerns and a concerted effort is needed to identify its sources to avoid the risk of antimony toxicity.
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Kumar M, Patel AK, Das A, Kumar P, Goswami R, Deka P, Das N. Hydrogeochemical controls on mobilization of arsenic and associated health risk in Nagaon district of the central Brahmaputra Plain, India. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2017; 39:161-178. [PMID: 26979055 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-016-9816-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, elevated concentration of arsenic (As) in groundwater in the northeastern states of India has become a major cause of concern. Since many regions of the Brahmaputra plains are reported with groundwater As contamination, an attempt was made to study the As contamination and factors governing its release in the Nagaon district in Brahmaputra floodplain, based on various water types, relation of As with other major ions and with various depth profiles. The origin of groundwater mineralization and the processes responsible for As enrichment in groundwater was determined by calculating saturation index using PHREEQC code. Multivariate statistical analysis was carried out for identification of As-releasing mechanism based on rock-water interaction. Principle component analysis of physicochemical parameters revealed the association of As with SiO2 and Cl- in pre-monsoon and the fact that alkaline condition favors release of As. The relation between As and Fe shows that reductive dissolution of solid Fe oxide and hydroxide phases could be the source of As in Nagaon district. The result of hierarchical cluster analysis indicates that As release could also be associated with the agrochemicals application. Health risk assessment revealed that children are more susceptible to carcinogenic as well as non-carcinogenic health impact with consumption of As-contaminated drinking water. The male population is more susceptible to cancer as compared to females as the average water consumption is higher in case of male. Overall, the study highlights the health risk assessment is a matter of chief concern in this study as the younger generation are at higher risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Napaam, Assam, 784028, India.
| | - Arbind Kumar Patel
- Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Napaam, Assam, 784028, India
| | - Aparna Das
- Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Napaam, Assam, 784028, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- United Nations University, Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability (UNU-IAS), 5-53-70, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-8925, Japan
| | - Ritusmita Goswami
- Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Napaam, Assam, 784028, India
| | - Parismita Deka
- Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Napaam, Assam, 784028, India
| | - Nilotpal Das
- Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Napaam, Assam, 784028, India
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19
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Li SW, Sun X, He Y, Guo Y, Zhao HJ, Hou ZJ, Xing MW. Assessment of arsenic trioxide in the heart of Gallus gallus: alterations of oxidative damage parameters, inflammatory cytokines, and cardiac enzymes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:5781-5790. [PMID: 28054265 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8223-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) in the chicken heart, and 72 1-day-old male Hy-line chickens were fed either a commercial diet (C group) or an arsenic supplement diet containing 7.5 mg/kg (L group), 15 mg/kg (M group), or 30 mg/kg (H group) As2O3 for 90 days. The results showed that exposure to As2O3 merely lowered (P < 0.05) the activities of catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in M and H groups at 90 days, significantly downregulated the inhibition ability of hydroxyl radicals (OH·), and upregulated (P < 0.05) the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) in As2O3 exposure groups at 30, 60, and 90 days. Meanwhile, the messenger RNA levels of inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and prostaglandin E synthase (PTGEs)) significantly increased (P < 0.05) in As2O3 exposure groups at 30, 60, and 90 days, and histological and ultrastructural damage was observed in As2O3 exposure groups. Additionally, As2O3-induced cardiac enzyme (aspartate transaminase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (α-HBDH)) levels increased (P < 0.05) at 90 days. These findings suggested that As2O3 exposure led to oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and histological and ultrastructural damage and altered the levels of cardiac enzymes in chicken heart tissues. This result may be helpful for further studies on the toxicological mechanisms of As2O3 in the chicken heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Wen Li
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, PRC, 26 Hexing Rd, Xiangfang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150040, Republic of China
| | - Xiao Sun
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, PRC, 26 Hexing Rd, Xiangfang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150040, Republic of China
| | - Ying He
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, PRC, 26 Hexing Rd, Xiangfang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150040, Republic of China
| | - Ying Guo
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, PRC, 26 Hexing Rd, Xiangfang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150040, Republic of China
| | - Hong-Jing Zhao
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, PRC, 26 Hexing Rd, Xiangfang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150040, Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Jun Hou
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, PRC, 26 Hexing Rd, Xiangfang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150040, Republic of China.
| | - Ming-Wei Xing
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, PRC, 26 Hexing Rd, Xiangfang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150040, Republic of China.
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20
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Röllin HB, Channa K, Olutola BG, Odland JØ. Evaluation of in utero exposure to arsenic in South Africa. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 575:338-346. [PMID: 27744161 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Early life exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) has been shown to interfere with foetal and early childhood development, and is associated with morbidity and mortality in adulthood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate exposure to As in utero, to determine the association between maternal and cord blood of As and birth outcomes in South African populations. Total arsenic was measured in maternal blood of a total cohort (n=650) and in paired cord blood and urine of a subset cohort (n=317). Overall, the geometric mean (GM) of As in maternal blood was 0.62μg/L (n=650; 95% CI, 0.58-0.66). In the subset cohort, the GM of maternal blood As was 0.96μg/L (n=350; 95% CI, 0.91-1.02); in paired cord blood, the GM was 0.78μg/L (n=317; 95% CI, 0.74-0.83); and in urine (creatinine-corrected), the GM was 14.26μg/g creatinine (n=317; 95% CI, 12.64-16.09). A linear correlation was found between log maternal blood As and log cord blood As (rho=0.80, p<0.001). Birth outcomes showed geographical differences. in gestational age (p<0.001), birth length (p=0.019), head circumference (p<0.001), Apgar score at 5min (p<0.001) and parity (p<0.002). In a multivariate analysis, no association between maternal blood (AsB) levels and birth outcomes were found. However, the lower the gestational age, the higher the levels of maternal AsB (β=-0.054; 95% CI-0.087 to -0.020) and mothers who had had at least one child were less likely to have higher AsB if compared to those who had never had any child (β=-0.177; 95CI-0.322 to 0.031). In both univariate and multivariate analyses, being single, and drinking water from communal outdoor taps, boreholes and rivers was associated with higher As levels. The findings suggest that more research is needed to evaluate the impact of low level As exposure on postnatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina B Röllin
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Environment and Health Research Unit, Medical Research Council, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Kalavati Channa
- Lancet Laboratories, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Bukola G Olutola
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jon Ø Odland
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Institute of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
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Kumari N, Jagadevan S. Genetic identification of arsenate reductase and arsenite oxidase in redox transformations carried out by arsenic metabolising prokaryotes - A comprehensive review. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 163:400-412. [PMID: 27565307 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) contamination in water is a cause of major concern to human population worldwide, especially in Bangladesh and West Bengal, India. Arsenite (As(III)) and arsenate (As(V)) are the two common forms in which arsenic exists in soil and groundwater, the former being more mobile and toxic. A large number of arsenic metabolising microorganisms play a crucial role in microbial transformation of arsenic between its different states, thus playing a key role in remediation of arsenic contaminated water. This review focuses on advances in biochemical, molecular and genomic developments in the field of arsenic metabolising bacteria - covering recent developments in the understanding of structure of arsenate reductase and arsenite oxidase enzymes, their gene and operon structures and their mechanism of action. The genetic and molecular studies of these microbes and their proteins may lead to evolution of successful strategies for effective implementation of bioremediation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Kumari
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826004, India
| | - Sheeja Jagadevan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826004, India.
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Guo Y, Zhao P, Guo G, Hu Z, Tian L, Zhang K, Zhang W, Xing M. The Role of Oxidative Stress in Gastrointestinal Tract Tissues Induced by Arsenic Toxicity in Cocks. Biol Trace Elem Res 2015; 168:490-9. [PMID: 25971879 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0357-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a widely distributed trace element which is known to be associated with numerous adverse effects on human beings and animals. Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) is an inorganic arsenical-containing toxic compound. The effect of excessive amounts of As2O3 exposure on gastrointestinal tract tissue damage in cocks is still unknown. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of As2O3 exposure on gastrointestinal tract tissue damage in cocks. In total, 72 1-day-old male Hyline cocks were randomly divided into four groups and fed either a commercial diet or an As2O3 supplement diet containing 7.5, 15, and 30 mg/kg As2O3. The experiment lasted for 90 days and gastrointestinal tract tissue samples (gizzard, glandular stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, and rectum) were collected at 30, 60, and 90 days. Catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities; malondialdehyde (MDA) contents; and hydroxyl radical (OH·)-mediated inhibition were examined. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that MDA content in the gastrointestinal tract was increased, while the activities of CAT, GSH, and GSH-Px and the ability to resist OH· was decreased in the As2O3 treatment groups. Extensive damage was observed in the gastrointestinal tract. These findings indicated that As2O3 exposure caused oxidative damage in the gastrointestinal tract of cocks due to alterations in antioxidant enzyme activities and elevation of free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Guo
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Panpan Zhao
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Guangyang Guo
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Zhibo Hu
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Li Tian
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Kexin Zhang
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Mingwei Xing
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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Xing M, Zhao P, Guo G, Guo Y, Zhang K, Tian L, He Y, Chai H, Zhang W. Inflammatory Factor Alterations in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Cocks Overexposed to Arsenic Trioxide. Biol Trace Elem Res 2015; 167:288-99. [PMID: 25784090 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0305-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of people and animals to arsenic (As) is a global public health concern because As is widely distributed and associated with numerous adverse effects. As is a poisonous metalloid and arsenic trioxide (As2O3) is a form of As. Thus far, there have been very few reports on the inflammatory factor alterations of the gastrointestinal tract in birds exposed to As2O3. To investigate the possible correlation of As2O3 with inflammatory injury induced by an arsenic-supplemented diet in birds, 72 1-day-old male Hy-line cocks were selected and randomly divided into four groups. They were fed with either a commercial diet or an arsenic-supplemented diet containing 7.5, 15, and 30 mg/kg As2O3. The experiment lasted for 90 days, and samples of gizzard, glandular stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, and rectum were collected at days 30, 60, and 90 of the experiment period. The inflammation-related genes were determined, including NF-κB, iNOS, COX-2, PTGEs, and TNF-α. The connection between arsenic dosage and inflammation-related genes was assessed. The content of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) was measured by Western blot of the samples. The results showed that arsenic supplementation increased the mRNA expression levels of inflammation-related genes in the gastrointestinal tract of cocks at different time points (p < 0.05). Moreover, the expression of the tissue and organ injury-related gene iNOS was upregulated (p < 0.05). These data suggest that As induces the inflammatory response and may trigger digestive function regression of the gastrointestinal tract by affecting inflammation-related genes and iNOS in cocks. This study offers some information on the mechanism of gastrointestinal tract inflammatory injury and iNOS expression level alterations induced by arseniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Xing
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150040, China,
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Akinrinde AS, Olowu E, Oyagbemi AA, Omobowale OT. Gastrointestinal protective efficacy of Kolaviron (a bi-flavonoid from Garcinia kola) following a single administration of sodium arsenite in rats: Biochemical and histopathological studies. Pharmacognosy Res 2015; 7:268-76. [PMID: 26130939 PMCID: PMC4471654 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.157978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Arsenic intoxication is known to produce symptoms including diarrhea and vomiting, which are indications of gastrointestinal dysfunction. Objective: We investigated whether Kolaviron (KV) administration protected against sodium arsenite (NaAsO2)-induced damage to gastric and intestinal epithelium in rats. Materials and Methods: Control rats (Group I) were given a daily oral dose of corn oil. Rats in other groups were given a single dose of NaAsO2 (100 mg/kg; intraperitoneal) alone (Group II) or after pretreatment for 7 days with KV at 100 mg/kg (Group III) and 200 mg/kg (Group IV). Rats were sacrificed afterward and portions of the stomach, small intestine and colon were processed for histopathological examination. Hydrogen peroxide, reduced glutathione, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations as well as activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were measured in the remaining portions of the different gastrointestinal tract (GIT) segments. Results: NaAsO2 caused significant increases (P < 0.05) in MDA levels and MPO activity, with significant reductions (P < 0.05) in GST, GPX, CAT and SOD activities in the stomach and intestines. KV significantly reversed the changes (P < 0.05) in a largely dose-dependent manner. The different segments had marked inflammatory cellular infiltration, with hyperplasia of the crypts, which occurred to much lesser degrees with KV administration. Conclusion: The present findings showed that KV might be a potent product for mitigating NaAsO2 toxicity in the GIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinleye S Akinrinde
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Ebunoluwa Olowu
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Ademola A Oyagbemi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Olutayo T Omobowale
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
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Merola RB, Hien TT, Quyen DTT, Vengosh A. Arsenic exposure to drinking water in the Mekong Delta. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 511:544-552. [PMID: 25585157 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) contamination of groundwater drinking sources was investigated in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam in order to assess the occurrence of As in the groundwater, and the magnitude of As exposure of local residents through measurements of As in toenails of residents consuming groundwater as their major drinking water source. Groundwater (n=68) and toenail (n=62) samples were collected in Dong Thap Province, adjacent to the Mekong River, in southern Vietnam. Fifty-three percent (n=36) of the wells tested had As content above the World Health Organization's (WHO) recommended limit of 10 ppb. Samples were divided into Northern (mean As=4.0 ppb) and Southern (329.0 ppb) groups; wells from the Southern group were located closer to the Mekong River. Elevated As contents were associated with depth (<200 m), salinity (low salinity), and redox state (reducing conditions) of the study groundwater. In 79% of the wells, As was primarily composed of the reduced As(III) species. Arsenic content in nails collected from local residents was significantly correlated to As in drinking water (r=0.49, p<0.001), and the relationship improved for pairs in which As in drinking water was higher than 1 ppb (r=0.56, p<0.001). Survey data show that the ratio of As in nail to As in water varied among residents, reflecting differential As bioaccumulation in specific exposed sub-populations. The data show that water filtration and diet, particularly increased consumption of animal protein and dairy, and reduced consumption of seafood, were associated with lower ratios of As in nail to As in water and thus could play important roles in mitigating As exposure in areas where As-rich groundwater is the primary drinking water source.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Merola
- Division of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Box 90227, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - T T Hien
- Faculty of Environmental Science, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Str., Dist. 5, HCMC, Vietnam
| | - D T T Quyen
- Faculty of Environmental Science, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Str., Dist. 5, HCMC, Vietnam
| | - A Vengosh
- Division of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Box 90227, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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Laine JE, Bailey KA, Rubio-Andrade M, Olshan AF, Smeester L, Drobná Z, Herring AH, Stýblo M, García-Vargas GG, Fry RC. Maternal arsenic exposure, arsenic methylation efficiency, and birth outcomes in the Biomarkers of Exposure to ARsenic (BEAR) pregnancy cohort in Mexico. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2015; 123:186-92. [PMID: 25325819 PMCID: PMC4314242 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1307476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) from drinking water is a global public health problem, yet much remains unknown about the extent of exposure in susceptible populations. OBJECTIVES We aimed to establish the Biomarkers of Exposure to ARsenic (BEAR) prospective pregnancy cohort in Gómez Palacio, Mexico, to better understand the effects of iAs exposure on pregnant women and their children. METHODS Two hundred pregnant women were recruited for this study. Concentrations of iAs in drinking water (DW-iAs) and maternal urinary concentrations of iAs and its monomethylated and dimethylated metabolites (MMAs and DMAs, respectively) were determined. Birth outcomes were analyzed for their relationship to DW-iAs and to the concentrations and proportions of maternal urinary arsenicals. RESULTS DW-iAs for the study subjects ranged from < 0.5 to 236 μg As/L. More than half of the women (53%) had DW-iAs that exceeded the World Health Organization's recommended guideline of 10 μg As/L. DW-iAs was significantly associated with the sum of the urinary arsenicals (U-tAs). Maternal urinary concentrations of MMAs were negatively associated with newborn birth weight and gestational age. Maternal urinary concentrations of iAs were associated with lower mean gestational age and newborn length. CONCLUSIONS Biomonitoring results demonstrate that pregnant women in Gómez Palacio are exposed to potentially harmful levels of DW-iAs. The data support a relationship between iAs metabolism in pregnant women and adverse birth outcomes. The results underscore the risks associated with iAs exposure in vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Laine
- Department of Epidemiology, and Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Gillings School of Public Heath, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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27
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Ooi L, Heng LY, Mori IC. A high-throughput oxidative stress biosensor based on Escherichia coli roGFP2 cells immobilized in a k-carrageenan matrix. SENSORS 2015; 15:2354-68. [PMID: 25621608 PMCID: PMC4367309 DOI: 10.3390/s150202354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Biosensors fabricated with whole-cell bacteria appear to be suitable for detecting bioavailability and toxicity effects of the chemical(s) of concern, but they are usually reported to have drawbacks like long response times (ranging from hours to days), narrow dynamic range and instability during long term storage. Our aim is to fabricate a sensitive whole-cell oxidative stress biosensor which has improved properties that address the mentioned weaknesses. In this paper, we report a novel high-throughput whole-cell biosensor fabricated by immobilizing roGFP2 expressing Escherichia coli cells in a k-carrageenan matrix, for the detection of oxidative stress challenged by metalloid compounds. The E. coli roGFP2 oxidative stress biosensor shows high sensitivity towards arsenite and selenite, with wide linear range and low detection limit (arsenite: 1.0 × 10−3–1.0 × 101 mg·L−1, LOD: 2.0 × 10−4 mg·L−1; selenite: 1.0 × 10−5–1.0 × 102 mg·L−1, LOD: 5.8 × 10−6 mg·L−1), short response times (0–9 min), high stability and reproducibility. This research is expected to provide a new direction in performing high-throughput environmental toxicity screening with living bacterial cells which is capable of measuring the bioavailability and toxicity of environmental stressors in a friction of a second.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Ooi
- Southeast Asia Disaster Prevention Research Initiative (SEADPRI-UKM), Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), National University of Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Lee Yook Heng
- Southeast Asia Disaster Prevention Research Initiative (SEADPRI-UKM), Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), National University of Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Izumi C Mori
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan.
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Merola RB, Kravchenko J, Rango T, Vengosh A. Arsenic exposure of rural populations from the Rift Valley of Ethiopia as monitored by keratin in toenails. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2014; 24:121-126. [PMID: 24192661 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2013.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) contamination of drinking water is a worldwide phenomenon whose effect among vulnerable and rural communities in the Rift Valley of Ethiopia in eastern Africa is not well studied. This study examines As exposure and bioaccumulation from drinking water by monitoring human keratin in the form of toenails from exposed populations. Groundwater samples from drinking water wells (n=34) were collected along with toenail samples (n=58) from local communities and were analyzed for trace metals including As by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Of the total number of wells tested, 53% had As level above the WHO maximum contamination level of 10 p.p.b. Arsenic in toenails was significantly correlated to corresponding drinking water (r=0.72; R(2)=0.52; P<0.001). This correlation improves for drinking water with As concentrations above 2 p.p.b. (r=0.74; R(2)=0.54; P<0.001). Male minors (<18 years old) were found to have greater nail-As concentrations compared with adults consuming equal amounts of As (P<0.05). Estimated As dose specifically from drinking water sources was also associated with nail concentrations (P<0.01). We suggest that As measurement in nails could be a reliable method for detecting As exposure in residents living in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Brittany Merola
- Division of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Julia Kravchenko
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tewodros Rango
- Division of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Avner Vengosh
- Division of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Paul S, Das N, Bhattacharjee P, Banerjee M, Das JK, Sarma N, Sarkar A, Bandyopadhyay AK, Sau TJ, Basu S, Banerjee S, Majumder P, Giri AK. Arsenic-induced toxicity and carcinogenicity: a two-wave cross-sectional study in arsenicosis individuals in West Bengal, India. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2013; 23:156-162. [PMID: 22990472 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2012.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Revised: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/08/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In the state of West Bengal in India, over 26 million individuals are exposed to arsenic via drinking water. Dermatological, non-dermatological disorders and cancers are associated with arsenic toxicity. Of late, there has been a decrease in the arsenic concentration in drinking water owing to governmental efforts, raising the possibility of remediation. A cross-sectional study was conducted, where 189 arsenicosis and 171 unexposed individuals were recruited at two time points, (2005-06 and 2010-11) with concomitant decrease in the level of arsenic exposure via drinking water in the arsenicosis group in 2010-11. Parameters studied included dermatological, non-dermatological health status and cytogenetic damage. Decrease of arsenic exposure (190.1 μg/l to 37.94 μg/l) resulted in significant decline in the number of individuals having dermatological disorders (P<0.01) and in the severity of each dermatological outcome (P<0.0001). Micronucleus formation in urothelial cells and lymphocytes decreased significantly (P<0.001). However, there was a significant (P<0.001) rise in the incidence of each of the non-dermatological diseases, that is, peripheral neuropathy, conjunctivitis and respiratory distress over the period. Thirteen (6.87%) of the initially recruited arsenicosis individuals died of cancer, in this period. Remediation by arsenic-safe drinking water can reduce dermatological manifestations and cytogenetic insult; but is unable to counter the non-dermatological symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Paul
- Molecular and Human Genetics Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (A Unit of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi), 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India
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Dhuldhaj UP, Yadav IC, Singh S, Sharma NK. Microbial interactions in the arsenic cycle: adoptive strategies and applications in environmental management. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2013; 224:1-38. [PMID: 23232917 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-5882-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a nonessential element that is often present in plants and in other organisms. However, it is one of the most hazardous of toxic elements globally. In many parts of the world, arsenic contamination in groundwater is a serious and continuing threat to human health. Microbes play an important role in regulating the environmental fate of arsenic. Different microbial processes influence the biogeochemical cycling of arsenic in ways that affect the accumulation of different arsenic species in various ecosystem compartments. For example, in soil, there are bacteria that methylate arsenite to trimethylarsine gas, thereby releasing arsenic to the atmosphere.In marine ecosystems, microbes exist that can convert inorganic arsenicals to organic arsenicals (e.g., di- and tri-methylated arsenic derivatives, arsenocholine,arsenobetaine, arsenosugars, arsenolipids). The organo arsenicals are further metabolized to complete the arsenic cycle.Microbes have developed various strategies that enable them to tolerate arsenic and to survive in arsenic-rich environments. Such strategies include As exclusion from cells by establishing permeability barrier, intra- and extracellular sequestration,active efflux pumps, enzymatic reduction, and reduction in the sensitivity of cellular targets. These strategies are used either singly or in combination. In bacteria,the genes for arsenic resistance/detoxification are encoded by the arsenic resistance operons (ars operon).In this review, we have addressed and emphasized the impact of different microbial processes (e.g., arsenite oxidation, cytoplasmic arsenate reduction, respiratory arsenate reduction, arsenite methylation) on the arsenic cycle. Microbes are the only life forms reported to exist in heavy arsenic-contaminated environments. Therefore,an understanding of the strategies adopted by microbes to cope with arsenic stress is important in managing such arsenic-contaminated sites. Further future insights into the different microbial genes/proteins that are involved in arsenic resistance may also be useful for developing arsenic resistant crop plants.
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Lalwani S, Dogra TD, Bhardwaj DN, Sharma RK, Murty OP, Vij A. Study on arsenic level in ground water of Delhi using hydride generator accessory coupled with atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Indian J Clin Biochem 2012; 19:135-40. [PMID: 23105472 DOI: 10.1007/bf02894273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Surveillance of drinking water is essentially a health measure intended to protect the public from water borne diseases. Hydride generator accessory coupled with atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to analyze arsenic level in 49 ground water samples collected from different areas of Delhi. Arsenic level in ground water samples was in the range of 0.0170 to 0.100 ppm (Mean-0.0431, Standard Deviation-0.0136, Std. error of Mean-0.00194) with minimum concentration at Raney Well No. 7 (0.0170 ppm) and maximum at Kotla Mubarak Pur (0.100 ppm). Arsenic containing sediments and percolation of chemicals into soil as the result of dumping of garbage rich in chemicals into open landfills could be the possible source of arsenic in ground water of Delhi. Extensive survey and continuous monitoring is required to be made to assess the magnitude of problem and earlier intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Lalwani
- Department of Forensic Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, 110 029 New Delhi
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Guan H, Piao F, Zhang X, Li X, Li Q, Xu L, Kitamura F, Yokoyama K. Prenatal exposure to arsenic and its effects on fetal development in the general population of Dalian. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 149:10-5. [PMID: 22451376 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-012-9396-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate prenatal exposure to arsenic in the general population and its effects on birth size, we conducted a cross-sectional study in Dalian, China. Arsenic concentration in maternal and cord blood was detected by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and its effects on birth size were analyzed by multivariate analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. Arsenic concentrations in cord blood were significantly lower than those in maternal blood. A significant positive correlation was shown between maternal and cord blood arsenic concentrations. Maternal arsenic concentration was negatively associated with birth weight, height and chest circumference, and fetal arsenic concentration was negatively associated with head circumference. Our results indicate that arsenic exposure at environmental levels in uterus may pose adverse effects on fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai Guan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, No. 210 Hospital of PLA, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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Vellinger C, Felten V, Sornom P, Rousselle P, Beisel JN, Usseglio-Polatera P. Behavioural and physiological responses of Gammarus pulex exposed to cadmium and arsenate at three temperatures: individual and combined effects. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39153. [PMID: 22761731 PMCID: PMC3382242 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at investigating both the individual and combined effects of cadmium (Cd) and arsenate (AsV) on the physiology and behaviour of the Crustacean Gammarus pulex at three temperatures (5, 10 and 15 °C). G. pulex was exposed during 96 h to (i) two [Cd] alone, (ii) two [AsV] alone, and (iii) four combinations of [Cd] and [AsV] to obtain a complete factorial plane. After exposure, survival, [AsV] or [Cd] in body tissues, behavioural (ventilatory and locomotor activities) and physiological responses (iono-regulation of [Na(+)] and [Cl(-)] in haemolymph) were examined. The interactive effects (antagonistic, additive or synergistic) of binary mixtures were evaluated for each tested temperature using a predictive model for the theoretically expected interactive effect of chemicals. In single metal exposure, both the internal metal concentration in body tissues and the mortality rate increased along metallic gradient concentration. Cd alone significantly impaired both [Na(+)] and [Cl(-)] while AsV alone had a weak impact only on [Cl(-)]. The behavioural responses of G. pulex declined with increasing metal concentration suggesting a reallocation of energy from behavioural responses to maintenance functions. The interaction between AsV and Cd was considered as 'additive' for all the tested binary mixtures and temperatures (except for the lowest combination at 10 °C considered as "antagonistic"). In binary mixtures, the decrease in both ventilatory and locomotor activities and the decline in haemolymphatic [Cl(-)] were amplified when respectively compared to those observed with the same concentrations of AsV or Cd alone. However, the presence of AsV decreased the haemolymphatic [Na(+)] loss when G. pulex was exposed to the lowest Cd concentration. Finally, the observed physiological and behavioural effects (except ventilation) in G. pulex exposed to AsV and/or Cd were exacerbated under the highest temperature. The discussion encompasses both the toxicity mechanisms of these metals and their interaction with rising temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Vellinger
- Laboratoire des Interactions, Ecotoxicologie, Biodiversité, Ecosystèmes, CNRS UMR 7146, Université de Lorraine, Metz, France.
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Vellinger C, Parant M, Rousselle P, Immel F, Wagner P, Usseglio-Polatera P. Comparison of arsenate and cadmium toxicity in a freshwater amphipod (Gammarus pulex). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2012; 160:66-73. [PMID: 22035927 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium is largely documented on freshwater organisms while arsenic, especially arsenate, is rarely studied. The kinetic of the LC50s values for both metals was realized on Gammarus pulex. Physiological [i.e. metal concentration in body tissues, bioconcentration factor (BCF)] effects and behavioural responses (via pleopods beats) were investigated after 240-h exposure. Arsenate LC50 value was 100 fold higher than Cd-LC50 value after 240-h exposure, while concentrations in gammarids were similar for both metals at their respective LC50s. BCF decreased with increasing cadmium concentration while BCF remained stable with increasing arsenate concentration. Moreover, BCF was between 148 and 344 times lower for arsenate than cadmium. A significant hypoventilation was observed for cadmium concentrations exceeding or close to the 240h-LC50(Cd), while gammarids hyperventilated for the lowest arsenate concentrations and hypoventilated for the highest arsenate concentrations. We discussed the relationships between potential action mechanisms of these two metals and observed results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Vellinger
- Laboratoire des Interactions, Ecotoxicologie, Biodiversité, Ecosystèmes (LIEBE), CNRS UMR 7146, Université Paul Verlaine - Metz, Campus Bridoux, Rue du Général Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France.
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Liao WT, Lan CCE, Lee CH, Yu HS. Concentration-dependent cellular responses of arsenic in keratinocytes. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2011; 27:390-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2011.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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Li Y, Hao Y, Gao M, Dong W, Hu M, Yuan S, Song L. IKKβ downregulation is critical for triggering JNKs-dependent cell apoptotic response in the human hepatoma cells under arsenite exposure. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 358:61-6. [PMID: 21688155 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-0921-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Arsenite has a long history in treating leukemia, which might be also effective in the therapy of other cancers. Our previous published data have demonstrated that arsenite exposure induces apoptosis in the HepG2 human hepatoma cells via activating JNKs/AP-1 pathway, but the upstream signaling events responsible for JNKs (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) cascade activation have not been fully discovered. Since cross-talk between IKK/NF-κB and JNKs pathways under stress conditions is a hot topic, in this article, we investigate the potential roles of IKKα and IKKβ, the catalytic subunits of IKK complexes, in the arsenite-induced JNKs pathway activation in the HepG2 cells. We found that arsenite exposure induced JNKs and AP-1 activation accompanying with a significant reduction of both IKKα and IKKβ expressions. Overexpression of IKKβ, but not of IKKα, inhibited arsenite-induced MKK7/JNKs/AP-1 pathway activation as well as the apoptotic response. Therefore, we conclude that the downregulation of IKKβ expression is the prerequisite signaling event for mediating JNKs pathway activation and the cellular apoptotic response in the HepG2 cells under arsenite exposure. Targeting IKKβ might be helpful to enhance the tumor therapeutic effect of arsenite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Cellular Immunology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Saposnik
- From the Stroke Outcomes Research Unit, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, St Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; the Institute of Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and the Departments of Medicine and Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Kavitha C, Malarvizhi A, Senthil Kumaran S, Ramesh M. Toxicological effects of arsenate exposure on hematological, biochemical and liver transaminases activity in an Indian major carp, Catla catla. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:2848-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2010] [Revised: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kumar P, Kumar M, Ramanathan AL, Tsujimura M. Tracing the factors responsible for arsenic enrichment in groundwater of the middle Gangetic Plain, India: a source identification perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2010; 32:129-146. [PMID: 19551476 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-009-9270-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2008] [Accepted: 06/02/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic contamination in groundwater is of increasing concern because of its high toxicity and widespread occurrence. This study is an effort to trace the factors responsible for arsenic enrichment in groundwater of the middle Gangetic Plain of India through major ion chemistry, arsenic speciation, sediment grain-size analyses, and multivariate statistical techniques. The study focuses on the distinction between the contributions of natural weathering and anthropogenic inputs of arsenic with its spatial distribution and seasonal variations in the plain of the state Bihar of India. Thirty-six groundwater and one sediment core samples were collected in the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. Various graphical plots and statistical analysis were carried out using chemical data to enable hydrochemical evaluation of the aquifer system based on the ionic constituents, water types, hydrochemical facies, and factors controlling groundwater quality. Results suggest that the groundwater is characterized by slightly alkaline pH with moderate to strong reducing nature. The general trend of various ions was found to be Ca(2+) > Na(+) > Mg(2+) > K(+) > NH(4) (+); and HCO(3) (-) > Cl(-) > SO(4) (2-) > NO(3) (-) > PO(4) (3-) > F(-) in both seasons. Spatial and temporal variations showed a slightly higher arsenic concentration in the pre-monsoon period (118 microg/L) than in the post-monsoon period (114 microg/L). Results of correlation analyses indicate that arsenic contamination is strongly associated with high concentrations of Fe, PO(4) (3-), and NH(4) (+) but relatively low Mn concentrations. Further, the enrichment of arsenic is more prevalent in the proximity of the Ganges River, indicating that fluvial input is the main source of arsenic. Grain size analyses of sediment core samples revealed clay (fine-grained) strata between 4.5 and 7.5 m deep that govern the vertical distribution of arsenic. The weathering of carbonate and silicate minerals along with surface-groundwater interactions, ion exchange, and anthropogenic activities seem to be the processes governing groundwater contamination, including with arsenic. Although the percentage of wells exceeding the permissible limit (50 microg/L) was less (47%) than that reported in Bangladesh and West Bengal, the percentage contribution of toxic As(III) to total arsenic concentration is quite high (66%). This study is vital considering that groundwater is the exclusive source of drinking water in the region and not only makes situation alarming but also calls for immediate attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar
- School of Environmental Sciences, JNU, New Delhi, 67, India
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Carpenter DO. Electromagnetic fields and cancer: the cost of doing nothing. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2010; 25:75-80. [PMID: 20429163 DOI: 10.1515/reveh.2010.25.1.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Everyone is exposed to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) from electricity (extremely low frequency, ELF), communication frequencies, and wireless devices (radiofrequency, RF). Concern of health hazards from EMFs has increased as the use of cell phones and other wireless devices has grown in all segments of society, especially among children. While there has been strong evidence for an association between leukemia and residential or occupational exposure to ELF EMFs for many years, the standards in existence are not sufficiently stringent to protect from an increased risk of cancer. For RF EMFs, standards are set at levels designed to avoid tissue heating, in spite of convincing evidence of adverse biological effects at intensities too low to cause significant heating. Recent studies demonstrate elevations in rates of brain cancer and acoustic neuroma only on the side of the head where individuals used their cell phone. Individuals who begin exposure at younger ages are more vulnerable. These data indicate that the existing standards for radiofrequency exposure are not adequate. While there are many unanswered questions, the cost of doing nothing will result in an increasing number of people, many of them young, developing cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- David O Carpenter
- Institute for Health and the Environment, University at Albany, New York, NY 12144-3429, USA
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Talat M, Prakash O, Hasan SH. Enzymatic detection of As(III) in aqueous solution using alginate immobilized pumpkin urease: optimization of process variables by response surface methodology. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:4462-4467. [PMID: 19423339 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2008] [Revised: 04/01/2009] [Accepted: 04/03/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Urease immobilized on alginate was utilized to detect and quantify As(3+) in aqueous solution. Urease from the seeds of pumpkin (vegetable waste) was purified to apparent homogeneity by heat treatment and gel filtration (Sephadex G-200). Further enzyme was entrapped in 3.5% alginate beads. Urea hydrolysis by enzyme revealed a clear dependence on the concentration and interaction time of As(3+). The process variables effecting the quantitation of As(3+) was investigated using central composite design with Minitab 15 software. The predicted results were found in good agreement (R(2)=96.71%) with experimental results indicating the applicability of proposed model. The multiple regression analysis and ANOVA showed that enzyme activity decreased with increase of As(3+) concentration and interaction time. 3D plot and contour plot between As(3+) concentration and interaction time was helpful to predict residual activity of enzyme for a particular As(3+) at a particular time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahe Talat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Han YY, Weissfeld JL, Davis DL, Talbott EO. Arsenic levels in ground water and cancer incidence in Idaho: an ecologic study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2008; 82:843-9. [PMID: 18941772 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-008-0362-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2008] [Accepted: 09/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Long-term exposure to arsenic above 50 microg/L in drinking water has been related to multiple types of cancers. Few epidemiologic studies conducted in the US have detected an association between regional exposures below this level in drinking water and corresponding cancer occurrence rates. This county-level ecologic study evaluates arsenic levels in ground water and its association with targeted cancer incidence in Idaho, where some regions have been found to contain higher arsenic levels. METHODS Using cancer incidence data (1991-2005) from the Cancer Data Registry of Idaho and arsenic data (1991-2005) from the Idaho Department of Environmental Quality, we calculated the age-adjusted incidence rate for cancers of the urinary bladder, kidney and renal pelvis, liver and bile duct, lung and bronchus, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), and all malignant cancers according to arsenic levels in ground water. Multivariate regression analysis was applied to evaluate the relationship between arsenic levels in ground water and cancer incidence. RESULTS For males, but not for females, age-adjusted incidence for lung cancer and all malignant cancers was significantly higher in the intermediate arsenic counties (2-9 microg/L, n = 16) and the high arsenic counties (>or=10 microg/L, n = 5) compared to the low arsenic counties (<2.0 microg/L, n = 23). When adjusted for race, gender, population density, smoking and body mass index (BMI), no relationship was found between arsenic levels in ground water and cancer incidence. CONCLUSIONS In this ecological design, exposure to low-level arsenic in ground water is not associated with cancer incidence when adjusting for salient variables. For populations residing in southwestern Idaho, where arsenic has been found to exceed 10 microg/L in ground water, individual risk assessment is required in order to determine whether there is a link between long-term arsenic exposure at these levels and cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Ying Han
- Center for Environmental Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Azevedo JSND, Silva-Rocha R, Silva A, Peixe Carepo MS, Cruz Schneider MP. Gene expression of the arsenic resistance operon in Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472. Can J Microbiol 2008; 54:137-42. [PMID: 18388983 DOI: 10.1139/w07-123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472 presents an arsRCB-type operon, which is involved in arsenic resistance. The regulating protein of this resistance system (ArsR) does not have the small conserved site (ELCVDCL) to link to the metalloid, as observed in Escherichia coli, and is thus considered to be an atypical ArsR protein, like that observed in Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. In the present study, the gene expression profile of the ars operon under induction at different concentrations of arsenite - As(III) - was obtained via real-time PCR (TaqMan), by correlating the threshold cycle (Ct) values of induced and uninduced (control) samples. Through linear regression analysis (R2 = 0.9926), the gene expression profile of the ars operon showed clearly that the 0.125 micromol/L concentration of As(III) was sufficient to provoke a 4-fold increase in the resistance system, and a further increase in concentration resulted in an increase of up to 53-fold in transcription rates. The relation between resistance and induction of the ars operon indicates that the increased resistance to As(III) is associated with the increase in the number of transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Simão Nina de Azevedo
- Departamento de Genetica, Laboratorio de Polimorfismo de DNA, Universidade Federal do Para, Campus Universitario do Guama, Rua Augusto Correa 01, 66075-970 Belem - PA, Brazil
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Ghassemzad F, Yousefzade H, Arbab-Zava M. Removing Arsenic and Antimony by Phragmites australis: Rhizofiltration Technology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3923/jas.2008.1668.1675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Harezlak J, Wu MC, Wang M, Schwartzman A, Christiani DC, Lin X. Biomarker Discovery for Arsenic Exposure Using Functional Data. Analysis and Feature Learning of Mass Spectrometry Proteomic Data. J Proteome Res 2008; 7:217-24. [DOI: 10.1021/pr070491n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Mohan D, Pittman CU. Arsenic removal from water/wastewater using adsorbents--A critical review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2007; 142:1-53. [PMID: 17324507 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1458] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2006] [Revised: 12/30/2006] [Accepted: 01/02/2007] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic's history in science, medicine and technology has been overshadowed by its notoriety as a poison in homicides. Arsenic is viewed as being synonymous with toxicity. Dangerous arsenic concentrations in natural waters is now a worldwide problem and often referred to as a 20th-21st century calamity. High arsenic concentrations have been reported recently from the USA, China, Chile, Bangladesh, Taiwan, Mexico, Argentina, Poland, Canada, Hungary, Japan and India. Among 21 countries in different parts of the world affected by groundwater arsenic contamination, the largest population at risk is in Bangladesh followed by West Bengal in India. Existing overviews of arsenic removal include technologies that have traditionally been used (oxidation, precipitation/coagulation/membrane separation) with far less attention paid to adsorption. No previous review is available where readers can get an overview of the sorption capacities of both available and developed sorbents used for arsenic remediation together with the traditional remediation methods. We have incorporated most of the valuable available literature on arsenic remediation by adsorption ( approximately 600 references). Existing purification methods for drinking water; wastewater; industrial effluents, and technological solutions for arsenic have been listed. Arsenic sorption by commercially available carbons and other low-cost adsorbents are surveyed and critically reviewed and their sorption efficiencies are compared. Arsenic adsorption behavior in presence of other impurities has been discussed. Some commercially available adsorbents are also surveyed. An extensive table summarizes the sorption capacities of various adsorbents. Some low-cost adsorbents are superior including treated slags, carbons developed from agricultural waste (char carbons and coconut husk carbons), biosorbents (immobilized biomass, orange juice residue), goethite and some commercial adsorbents, which include resins, gels, silica, treated silica tested for arsenic removal come out to be superior. Immobilized biomass adsorbents offered outstanding performances. Desorption of arsenic followed by regeneration of sorbents has been discussed. Strong acids and bases seem to be the best desorbing agents to produce arsenic concentrates. Arsenic concentrate treatment and disposal obtained is briefly addressed. This issue is very important but much less discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Mohan
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
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Arsenic in drinking water and bladder cancer: review of epidemiological evidence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-1121(06)09021-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Abstract
Major efforts have been directed towards the identification of genetic mutations, their use as biomarkers, and the understanding of their consequences on human health and well-being. There is an emerging interest, however, in the possibility that environmentally-induced changes at levels other than the genetic information could have long-lasting consequences as well. This review summarises our current knowledge of how the environment, nutrition, and ageing affect the way mammalian genes are organised and transcribed, without changes in the underlying DNA sequence. Admittedly, the link between environment and epigenetics remains largely to be explored. However, recent studies indicate that environmental factors and diet can perturb the way genes are controlled by DNA methylation and covalent histone modifications. Unexpectedly, and not unlike genetic mutations, aberrant epigenetic alterations and their phenotypic effects can sometimes be passed on to the next generation.
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Yu HS, Liao WT, Chai CY. Arsenic carcinogenesis in the skin. J Biomed Sci 2006; 13:657-66. [PMID: 16807664 DOI: 10.1007/s11373-006-9092-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2006] [Accepted: 05/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic arsenic poisoning is a world public health issue. Long-term exposure to inorganic arsenic (As) from drinking water has been documented to induce cancers in lung, urinary bladder, kidney, liver and skin in a dose-response relationship. Oxidative stress, chromosomal abnormality and altered growth factors are possible modes of action in arsenic carcinogenesis. Arsenic tends to accumulate in the skin. Skin hyperpigmentation and hyperkeratosis have long been known to be the hallmark signs of chronic As exposure. There are significant associations between these dermatological lesions and risk of skin cancer. The most common arsenic-induced skin cancers are Bowen's disease (carcinoma in situ), basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Arsenic-induced Bowen's disease (As-BD) is able to transform into invasive BCC and SCC. Individuals with As-BD are considered for more aggressive cancer screening in the lung and urinary bladder. As-BD provides an excellent model for studying the early stages of chemical carcinogenesis in human beings. Arsenic exposure is associated with G2/M cell cycle arrest and DNA aneuploidy in both cultured keratinocytes and As-BD lesions. These cellular abnormalities relate to the p53 dysfunction induced by arsenic. The characteristic clinical figures of arsenic-induced skin cancer are: (i) occurrence on sun-protected areas of the body; (ii) multiple and recrudescent lesions. Both As and UVB are able to induce skin cancer. Arsenic treatment enhances the cytotoxicity, mutagenicity and clastogenicity of UV in mammalian cells. Both As and UVB induce apoptosis in keratinocytes by caspase-9 and caspase-8 signaling, respectively. Combined UVB and As treatments resulted in the antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects by stimulating both caspase pathways in the keratinocytes. UVB irradiation inhibited mutant p53 and ki-67 expression, as well as increased in the number of apoptotic cells in As-BD lesions which resulted in an inhibitory effect on proliferation. As-UVB interaction provides a reasonable explanation for the rare occurrences of arsenical cancer in the sun-exposed skin. The multiple and recurrent skin lesions are associated with cellular immune dysfunction in chronic arsenism. A decrease in peripheral CD4+ cells was noticed in the inhabitants of arsenic exposure areas. There was a decrease in the number of Langerhans cells in As-BD lesion which results in an impaired immune function on the lesional sites. Since CD4+ cells are the target cell affected by As, the interaction between CD4+ cells and epidermal keratinocytes under As affection might be closely linked to the pathogenesis of multiple occurrence of arsenic-induced skin cancer. In this review, we provide and discuss the pathomechanisms of arsenic skin cancer and the relationship to its characteristic figures. Such information is critical for understanding the molecular mechanism for arsenic carcinogenesis in other internal organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Su Yu
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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