1
|
Valente G, Ferreira P, Hernández-Rodríguez MA, Brites CDS, Amaral JS, Zelenovskii P, Paz FAA, Guieu S, Rocha J, Souto M. Exploring the Luminescence, Redox, and Magnetic Properties in a Multivariate Metal-Organic Radical Framework. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2024; 36:1333-1341. [PMID: 38370275 PMCID: PMC10870702 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c02460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Persistent neutral organic radicals are excellent building blocks for the design of functional molecular materials due to their unique electronic, magnetic, and optical properties. Among them, triphenylmethyl radical derivatives have attracted a lot of interest as luminescent doublet emitters. Although neutral organic radicals have been underexplored as linkers for building metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), they hold great potential as organic elements that could introduce additional electronic properties within these frameworks. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of a novel multicomponent metal-organic radical framework (PTMTCR@NR-Zn MORF), which is constructed from the combination of luminescent perchlorotriphenylmethyl tricarboxylic acid radical (PTMTCR) and nonemissive nonradical (PTMTCNR) organic linkers and Zn(II) ions. The PTMTCR@NR-Zn MORF structure is layered with microporous one-dimensional channels embedded within these layers. Kelvin probe force microscopy further confirmed the presence of both organic nonradical and radical linkers in the framework. The luminescence properties of the PTMTCR ligand (first studied in solution and in the solid state) were maintained in the radical-containing PTMTCR@NR-Zn MORF at room temperature as fluorescence solid-state quenching is suppressed thanks to the isolation of the luminescent radical linkers. In addition, magnetic and electrochemical properties were introduced to the framework due to the incorporation of the paramagnetic organic radical ligands. This work paves the way for the design of stimuli-responsive hybrid materials with tunable luminescence, electrochemical, and magnetic properties by the proper combination of closed- and open-shell organic linkers within the same framework.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo Valente
- Department
of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-393, Portugal
| | - Pedro Ferreira
- Department
of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-393, Portugal
| | | | - Carlos D. S. Brites
- Department
of Physics, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-393, Portugal
| | - João S. Amaral
- Department
of Physics, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-393, Portugal
| | - Pavel Zelenovskii
- Department
of Physics, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-393, Portugal
| | - Filipe A. Almeida Paz
- Department
of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-393, Portugal
| | - Samuel Guieu
- Department
of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-393, Portugal
- Department
of Chemistry, LAQV-REQUIMTE, University
of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-393, Portugal
| | - João Rocha
- Department
of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-393, Portugal
| | - Manuel Souto
- Department
of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-393, Portugal
- CIQUS,
Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Bioloxica
e Materiais Moleculares, Departamento de Química-Física, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago
de Compostela, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Postnikov VA, Sorokina NI, Kulishov AA, Lyasnikova MS, Sorokin TA, Freidzon AY, Stepko AS, Borshchev OV, Skorotetsky MS, Surin NM, Svidchenko EA, Ponomarenko SA. A new linear phenyloxazole-benzothiadiazole luminophore: crystal growth, structure and fluorescence properties. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, STRUCTURAL SCIENCE, CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2022; 78:261-269. [PMID: 35411864 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520622001846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A new linear luminophore consisting of five conjugated units of oxazole, phenylene and a central benzothiadiazole fragment, 4,7-bis[4-(1,3-oxazol-5-yl)phenyl]-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole, has been synthesized and characterized. Needle-like single-crystal samples up to 10 mm in length were obtained by physical vapor transport. The crystal structure was determined at 95 K and 293 K using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. With decreasing temperature, the space group P21/n does not change, but the unit-cell volume of the crystal decreases. The presence of intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds was established. Melting parameters (Tm = 305.5°C, ΔHm = 52.2 kJ mol-1) and the presence of a liquid-crystalline mesophase (TLC = 336.3°C, ΔHLC = 1.4 kJ mol-1) were determined by differential scanning calorimetry and in situ thermal polarization optical microscopy studies. The presence of linear chains of hydrogen bonds ensures high stability of the crystal structure in a wide temperature range. The luminophore is characterized by a large Stokes shift (5120-5670 cm-1) and a high quantum yield of fluorescence, reaching 96% in solutions (λmax = 517 nm) and 27% in thin crystalline films (λmax = 529 nm). The calculated absorption and emission spectra are in good agreement with the experimental data. Because of the excellent optical properties and high thermal stability, the new linear luminophore has great potential for application in organic photonics and optoelectronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valery A Postnikov
- Federal Scientific Research Center `Crystallography and Photonics' of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 59, Moscow, 119333, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia I Sorokina
- Federal Scientific Research Center `Crystallography and Photonics' of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 59, Moscow, 119333, Russian Federation
| | - Artem A Kulishov
- Federal Scientific Research Center `Crystallography and Photonics' of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 59, Moscow, 119333, Russian Federation
| | - Maria S Lyasnikova
- Federal Scientific Research Center `Crystallography and Photonics' of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 59, Moscow, 119333, Russian Federation
| | - Timofei A Sorokin
- Federal Scientific Research Center `Crystallography and Photonics' of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 59, Moscow, 119333, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandra Ya Freidzon
- Federal Scientific Research Center `Crystallography and Photonics' of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 59, Moscow, 119333, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasia S Stepko
- Federal Scientific Research Center `Crystallography and Photonics' of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 59, Moscow, 119333, Russian Federation
| | - Oleg V Borshchev
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymer Materials of Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya st. 70, Moscow, 117393, Russian Federation
| | - Maxim S Skorotetsky
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymer Materials of Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya st. 70, Moscow, 117393, Russian Federation
| | - Nikolay M Surin
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymer Materials of Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya st. 70, Moscow, 117393, Russian Federation
| | - Evgeniya A Svidchenko
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymer Materials of Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya st. 70, Moscow, 117393, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey A Ponomarenko
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymer Materials of Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya st. 70, Moscow, 117393, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cheng CC, Yen YC, Chang FC. Hierarchical structures formed from self-complementary sextuple hydrogen-bonding arrays. RSC Adv 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ra00513h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
4
|
Goel M, Jayakannan M. Supramolecular Liquid Crystalline π-Conjugates: The Role of Aromatic π-Stacking and van der Waals Forces on the Molecular Self-Assembly of Oligophenylenevinylenes. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:12508-19. [DOI: 10.1021/jp105839f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahima Goel
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)-Pune, 900, NCL Innovation Park, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune -411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - M. Jayakannan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)-Pune, 900, NCL Innovation Park, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune -411008, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Saeki A, Seki S, Shimizu Y, Yamao T, Hotta S. Photogeneration of charge carrier correlated with amplified spontaneous emission in single crystals of a thiophene/phenylene co-oligomer. J Chem Phys 2010; 132:134509. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3367883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
6
|
Tavazzi S, Silvestri L, Miozzo L, Papagni A, Spearman P, Ianelli S, Girlando A, Camposeo A, Polo M, Pisignano D. Polarized Absorption, Spontaneous and Stimulated Blue Light Emission of J-type Tetraphenylbutadiene Monocrystals. Chemphyschem 2010; 11:429-34. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200900267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
7
|
Amrutha SR, Jayakannan M. Supramolecular Ring Banded Prototype Liquid Crystalline Oligo(phenylenevinylene). J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:5083-91. [DOI: 10.1021/jp809994t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. R. Amrutha
- Chemical Sciences & Technology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India, and Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), NCL Innovation Park, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - M. Jayakannan
- Chemical Sciences & Technology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India, and Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), NCL Innovation Park, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xie W, Li F, Wang H, Xie Z, Shen F, Ma Y, Lu W, Zhang D, Ma D. Stimulated emission from distyrylbenzene derivative crystals grown by vapor deposition. APPLIED OPTICS 2007; 46:4431-3. [PMID: 17579698 DOI: 10.1364/ao.46.004431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Narrowed spectra at 452 nm from a thin platelike crystal of distyrylbenzene derivative, 2,5-diphenyl-1,4-distyrylbenzene with two trans double bonds (trans-DPDSB) grown by vapor deposition, are observed. The trans-DPDSB crystal is irradiated by the third harmonic (355 nm) of a Nd:YAG laser. The FWHM of the narrowed spectra can reach 6 nm for the crystal when the pumping energy is 400 microJ/pulse. The threshold value for an optically pumped laser is approximately 350 microJ/pulse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Xie
- Key Laboratory for Supermolecular Structure and Materials of the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Avenue, Changchun 130012, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sonoda Y, Kawanishi Y, Ikeda T, Goto M, Hayashi S, Yoshida Y, Tanigaki N, Yase K. Fluorescence Spectra for the Microcrystals and Thin Films of trans,trans,trans-1,6-Diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatrienes. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp021811n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoriko Sonoda
- Nanotechnology Research Institute, Technical Center, Institute for Materials and Chemical Process, and Photonics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan; and Advanced Materials Laboratory, National Institute for Materials Science, 1−1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yuji Kawanishi
- Nanotechnology Research Institute, Technical Center, Institute for Materials and Chemical Process, and Photonics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan; and Advanced Materials Laboratory, National Institute for Materials Science, 1−1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takuji Ikeda
- Nanotechnology Research Institute, Technical Center, Institute for Materials and Chemical Process, and Photonics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan; and Advanced Materials Laboratory, National Institute for Materials Science, 1−1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Midori Goto
- Nanotechnology Research Institute, Technical Center, Institute for Materials and Chemical Process, and Photonics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan; and Advanced Materials Laboratory, National Institute for Materials Science, 1−1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Hayashi
- Nanotechnology Research Institute, Technical Center, Institute for Materials and Chemical Process, and Photonics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan; and Advanced Materials Laboratory, National Institute for Materials Science, 1−1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yuji Yoshida
- Nanotechnology Research Institute, Technical Center, Institute for Materials and Chemical Process, and Photonics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan; and Advanced Materials Laboratory, National Institute for Materials Science, 1−1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Tanigaki
- Nanotechnology Research Institute, Technical Center, Institute for Materials and Chemical Process, and Photonics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan; and Advanced Materials Laboratory, National Institute for Materials Science, 1−1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Yase
- Nanotechnology Research Institute, Technical Center, Institute for Materials and Chemical Process, and Photonics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan; and Advanced Materials Laboratory, National Institute for Materials Science, 1−1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
van Hutten PF, Wildeman J, Meetsma A, Hadziioannou G. Molecular Packing in Unsubstituted Semiconducting Phenylenevinylene Oligomer and Polymer. J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja990934r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul F. van Hutten
- Contribution from the Department of Polymer Science and the Crystal Structure Centre of the Department of Chemical Physics, Materials Science Centre, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jurjen Wildeman
- Contribution from the Department of Polymer Science and the Crystal Structure Centre of the Department of Chemical Physics, Materials Science Centre, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Auke Meetsma
- Contribution from the Department of Polymer Science and the Crystal Structure Centre of the Department of Chemical Physics, Materials Science Centre, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Georges Hadziioannou
- Contribution from the Department of Polymer Science and the Crystal Structure Centre of the Department of Chemical Physics, Materials Science Centre, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Strehmel B, Sarker AM, Malpert JH, Strehmel V, Seifert H, Neckers DC. Effect of Aromatic Ring Substitution on the Optical Properties, Emission Dynamics, and Solid-State Behavior of Fluorinated Oligophenylenevinylenes. J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja983308n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Strehmel
- Contribution from the Center for Photochemical Sciences,1 Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Geusaer Strasse, D-06217 Merseburg, Germany, and Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Humboldt University of Berlin, Bunsenstrasse 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ananda M. Sarker
- Contribution from the Center for Photochemical Sciences,1 Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Geusaer Strasse, D-06217 Merseburg, Germany, and Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Humboldt University of Berlin, Bunsenstrasse 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - John H. Malpert
- Contribution from the Center for Photochemical Sciences,1 Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Geusaer Strasse, D-06217 Merseburg, Germany, and Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Humboldt University of Berlin, Bunsenstrasse 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Veronika Strehmel
- Contribution from the Center for Photochemical Sciences,1 Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Geusaer Strasse, D-06217 Merseburg, Germany, and Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Humboldt University of Berlin, Bunsenstrasse 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Seifert
- Contribution from the Center for Photochemical Sciences,1 Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Geusaer Strasse, D-06217 Merseburg, Germany, and Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Humboldt University of Berlin, Bunsenstrasse 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Douglas C. Neckers
- Contribution from the Center for Photochemical Sciences,1 Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Geusaer Strasse, D-06217 Merseburg, Germany, and Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Humboldt University of Berlin, Bunsenstrasse 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Brédas JL, Cornil J, Beljonne D, dos Santos DA, Shuai Z. Excited-State Electronic Structure of Conjugated Oligomers and Polymers: A Quantum-Chemical Approach to Optical Phenomena. Acc Chem Res 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ar9800338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Brédas
- Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Centre de Recherche en Electronique et Photonique Moléculaires, Université de Mons-Hainaut, Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Cornil
- Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Centre de Recherche en Electronique et Photonique Moléculaires, Université de Mons-Hainaut, Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - David Beljonne
- Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Centre de Recherche en Electronique et Photonique Moléculaires, Université de Mons-Hainaut, Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Donizetti A. dos Santos
- Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Centre de Recherche en Electronique et Photonique Moléculaires, Université de Mons-Hainaut, Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Zhigang Shuai
- Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Centre de Recherche en Electronique et Photonique Moléculaires, Université de Mons-Hainaut, Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Van Hutten PF, Krasnikov VV, Hadziioannou G. A Model Oligomer Approach to Light-Emitting Semiconducting Polymers. Acc Chem Res 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ar980032f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul F. Van Hutten
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Materials Science Centre, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Victor V. Krasnikov
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Materials Science Centre, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Georges Hadziioannou
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Materials Science Centre, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
|