1
|
Electroacupuncture Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment Through the Inhibition of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation by Regulating Melatonin-Mediated Mitophagy in Stroke Rats. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:1917-1930. [PMID: 35301664 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03575-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies found that electroacupuncture (EA) at the Shenting (DU24) and Baihui (DU20) acupoints alleviates cognitive impairment in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury rats. Nonetheless, the mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory effects of EA are unclear. Cerebral I/R injury was induced in rats by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Following I/R injury, the rats underwent EA therapy at the Shenting (DU24) and Baihui (DU20) acupoints for seven successive days. The Morris water maze test, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and molecular biology assays were utilized to assess the establishment of the rat stroke model with cognitive impairment and the therapeutic effect of EA. EA treatment of rats subjected to MCAO showed a significant reduction in infarct volumes accompanied by cognitive recovery, as observed in Morris water maze test outcomes. The possible mechanisms by which EA treatment attenuates cognitive impairment are by regulating endogenous melatonin secretion through aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase gene (AANAT, a rate-limiting enzyme of melatonin) synthesis in the pineal gland in stroke rats. Simultaneously, through melatonin regulation, EA exerts neuroprotective effects by upregulating mitophagy-associated proteins and suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation after I/R injury. However, melatonin receptor inhibitor (luzindole) treatment reversed these changes. The findings from this research suggested that EA ameliorates cognitive impairment through the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation by regulating melatonin-mediated mitophagy in stroke rats.
Collapse
|
2
|
Kim IH, Yoo KY, Park JH, Yan BC, Ahn JH, Lee JC, Kwon HM, Kim JD, Kim YM, You SG, Kang IJ, Won MH. Comparison of neuroprotective effects of extract and fractions from Agarum clathratum against experimentally induced transient cerebral ischemic damage. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2014; 52:335-43. [PMID: 24171789 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.837074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED CONTEXTS: Agarum clathratum (Laminariaceae), a typical brown algae, has been identified by National Plant Quarantine Service in Korea. The extract of A. clathratum has antioxidant activities. OBJECTIVE We investigated the neuroprotective effects of crude-extract, ethyl acetate (EA)-, n-butanol (BU)-, dichloromethane (DCM)- and n-hexane (Hx)-fractions from A. clathratum on ischemic damage in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region (CA1) after 5 min of transient cerebral ischemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Agarum clathratum was collected in Kangwon province (South Korea) and treated with 95% ethanol. The ethanol extract was suspended in distilled water and subjected to a series of partitions with EA, BU, DCM and Hx. Each of extract and fraction was orally administered with 50 mg/kg once a day for one week before ischemia--reperfusion (I-R). RESULT In the crude-extract-, EA- and BU-fraction-treated ischemia groups, we found strong neuroprotection in the CA1--about 80-89% of CA1 pyramidal neurons survived. However, in the DCM- and Hx-fraction-treated ischemia groups, we did not find any significant neuroprotection. In addition, we observed changes in astrocytes and microglia in the ischemic CA1. In the crude-extract, EA- and BU-fraction-treated ischemia groups, the distribution pattern and activity of the glial cells were similar to that found in the sham group. DISCUSSION Repeated supplements of crude-extract, EA- and BU-fractions of A. clathratum could protect neurons from I-R injury in the hippocampal CA1 induced by transient cerebral ischemia via decrease of glial activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- In Hye Kim
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li H, Park JH, Lee JC, Yoo KY, Hwang IK, Lee CH, Choi JH, Kim JD, Kang IJ, Won MH. Neuroprotective effects of Alpinia katsumadai against experimental ischemic damage via control of oxidative stress. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2013; 51:197-205. [PMID: 23095174 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2012.716853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Alpinia katsumadai (Zingiberaceae) has been identified by the National Plant Quarantine Service in Korea. The extract of Alpinia katsumadai seed (EAKS) has antioxidant activities. OBJECTIVE We investigated the neuroprotective effects of EAKS on ischemic damage in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region after transient cerebral ischemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ethanol extract of EAKS was obtained by organic solvent, collected in Kangwon province (South Korea) and orally administered using a feeding needle once a day for one week before transient cerebral ischemia in gerbils. RESULT We adapted oral administration of 25 and 50 mg/kg EAKS because there are no data about the absorption and metabolism of EKAS. We found a significant neuroprotection in the 50 mg/kg EAKS-treated ischemia group, not in the 25 mg/kg EAKS-treated ischemia group, at 4 days ischemia-reperfusion (I-R). In the 50 mg/kg EAKS-treated ischemia group, about 68% of pyramidal neurons in the CA1 region were immunostained with neuronal nuclei (NeuN) 4 days after I-R, compared to the vehicle-treated ischemia group. 8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (a marker for DNA damage) and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (a marker for lipid peroxidation) immunoreactivity in the CA1 region of the EAKS-treated ischemia group were not markedly changed compared to the vehicle-treated ischemia group. In addition, Cu,Zn- and Mn-SOD immunoreactivity in the CA1 region of the EAKS-treated ischemia group were increased compared to the vehicle-treated ischemia group. DISCUSSION Repeated supplements of EAKS could protect neurons against ischemic damage, showing that DNA damage and lipid peroxidation are attenuated and SODs are increased in the ischemic CA1 region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kim JY, Choi SY, Moon Y, Kim HJ, Chin JH, Kim H, Sun W. Different expression patterns of Phactr family members in normal and injured mouse brain. Neuroscience 2012; 221:37-46. [PMID: 22766235 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatase and actin regulators (Phactrs) are a novel family of proteins expressed in the brain, and they exhibit both strong modulatory activity of protein phosphatase 1 and actin-binding activity. Phactrs are comprised of four family members (Phactr1-4), but their detailed expression patterns during embryonic and postnatal development are not well understood. We found that these family members exhibit different spatiotemporal mRNA expression patterns. Phactr4 mRNA was found in neural stem cells in the developing and adult brains, whereas Phactr1 and 3 appeared to be expressed in post-mitotic neurons. Following traumatic brain injury which promotes neurogenesis in the neurogenic region and gliogenesis in the injury penumbra, the mRNA expression of phactr2 and 4 was progressively increased in the injury penumbra, and phactr4 mRNA and protein induction was observed in reactive astrocytes. These differential expression patterns of phactrs imply specific functions for each protein during development, and the importance of Phactr4 in the reactive gliosis following brain injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Y Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li H, Yoo KY, Lee CH, Choi JH, Hwang IK, Kim JD, Kim YM, Kang IJ, Won MH. Neuroprotective effects of Alpinia katsumadai against neuronal damage in the gerbil hippocampus induced by transient cerebral ischemia. Int J Neurosci 2011; 121:490-6. [PMID: 21819294 DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2011.573111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Alpinia katsumadai, one of the family Zingiberaceae, contains chalcone, flavonoids, diarylheptanoids, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenoids, stilbenes, and labdanes. It has been reported that the extract of Alpinia katsumadai seed (EAKS) has antiinflammatory effects, and enhances antioxidant activities. We observed the neuroprotective effects of EAKS against ischemic damage in gerbils received oral administrations of EAKS (50 mg/kg) once a day for 7 days before transient cerebral ischemia. In the EAKS-treated ischemia group, neuronal nuclei (NeuN, a marker for neurons)-immunoreactive pyramidal neurons were abundant (68.3% of the sham group) in the hippocampal CA1 region (CA1) 4 days after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) compared to those in the vehicle-treated ischemia group (13.18%). We also observed that EAKS treatment significantly decreased the activation of astrocytes and microglia in the CA1 compared with the vehicle-treated ischemia group 4 days postischemia. In addition, protein levels of GFAP and Iba-1 in the EAKS-treated ischemia group were much lower than those in the vehicle-treated ischemia group 4 days after I/P. Our findings indicate that the repeated supplements of EAKS could protect neurons from an ischemic damage, showing that glial activation is markedly decreased in the ischemic area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Park OK, Yoo KY, Lee CH, Choi JH, Hwang IK, Park JH, Kwon YG, Kim YM, Won MH. Arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) is expressed in astrocytes and melatonin treatment maintains AANAT in the gerbil hippocampus induced by transient cerebral ischemia. J Neurol Sci 2010; 294:7-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2010.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Revised: 04/12/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
7
|
|
8
|
Salazar‐Colocho P, Del Río J, Frechilla D. Involvement of the vascular wall in regenerative processes after CA1 ischemic neuronal death. Int J Dev Neurosci 2008; 26:541-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2008.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2007] [Revised: 05/28/2008] [Accepted: 05/28/2008] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joaquín Del Río
- Division of Neuroscience, CIMAUniversity of NavarraAv. Pío XII 5531008PamplonaSpain
| | - Diana Frechilla
- Division of Neuroscience, CIMAUniversity of NavarraAv. Pío XII 5531008PamplonaSpain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Salazar-Colocho P, Lanciego JL, Del Rio J, Frechilla D. Ischemia induces cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the gerbil hippocampus in response to neuronal death. Neurosci Res 2008; 61:27-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2008.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2007] [Revised: 12/30/2007] [Accepted: 01/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
10
|
Serotonin 5-hT1A receptor activation prevents phosphorylation of NMDA receptor NR1 subunit in cerebral ischemia. J Physiol Biochem 2008; 63:203-11. [PMID: 18309776 DOI: 10.1007/bf03165783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms involved in the neuroprotective effect of serotonin 5-HT1A receptor agonists on brain damage induced by ischemia remain to be fully elucidated. Given that serotonergic drugs may regulate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor function, which is implicated in events leading to ischemia-induced neuronal cell death, this study sought to determine the effects of the selective 5-HT1A receptor agonist, 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT), on the levels of NMDA receptor NR1 subunit in gerbil hippocampus after transient global cerebral ischemia. Pretreatment with 8-OH-DPAT (1 mg/kg) prevented the neuronal loss in CA1 subfield 72 h after ischemia. NMDA receptor NR1 levels in whole hippocampus were not affected 24 h after ischemia, but the levels of the subunit phosphorylated at the protein kinase A (PKA) site, pNR1(Ser897), were significantly increased, and this increase was prevented by the same 8-OH-DPAT dose, a probable consequence of the increased phosphatase 1 (PP1) enzyme activity found in ischemic gerbils pretreated with the 5-HT1A receptor agonist. The results suggest that NR1 subunit phosphorylation plays a role in the neuroprotective effect of 8-OH-DPAT on cell damage induced by global cerebral ischemia in the gerbil hippocampus and support the potential interest of 5-HT1A receptor activation in the search for neuroprotective strategies.
Collapse
|
11
|
Salazar-Colocho P, Del Río J, Frechilla D. Neuroprotective effects of serotonin 5-HT 1A receptor activation against ischemic cell damage in gerbil hippocampus: Involvement of NMDA receptor NR1 subunit and BDNF. Brain Res 2008; 1199:159-66. [PMID: 18269931 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2007] [Accepted: 12/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
It is known that the activation of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor type 1A (5HT(1A) receptor) may protect against brain damage induced by transient global ischemia. The biochemical mechanisms that underlie this neuroprotective effect remain however to be fully elucidated. Given that serotonergic drugs may regulate N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor function, which is implicated in events leading to ischemia-induced neuronal cell death, and also stimulate the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which is down-regulated in cerebral ischemia, we sought to determine the effects of the selective 5-HT1A receptor agonist, 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT), on the levels of NMDA receptor NR1 subunit and BDNF in gerbil hippocampus after transient global cerebral ischemia. Pretreatment with 8-OH-DPAT (1 mg/kg) prevented the neuronal loss in CA1 subfield 72 h after ischemia and also the dramatic decrease in BDNF immunoreactivity observed in this area at an earlier time. NMDA receptor NR1 levels in whole hippocampus were not affected 24 h after ischemia, but the levels of the subunit phosphorylated at the protein kinase A (PKA) site, pNR1(Ser897), were significantly increased, and this increase was prevented by the same 8-OH-DPAT dose, a probable consequence of the increased phosphatase 1 (PP1) enzyme activity found in ischemic gerbils pretreated with the 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist. The results indicate that both NR1 subunit phosphorylation and the neurotrophin BDNF account, at least in part, for the neuroprotective effect of 8-OH-DPAT on cell damage induced by global ischemia in the gerbil hippocampus and support the potential interest of 5-HT1A receptor activation in the search for neuroprotective strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Salazar-Colocho
- Division of Neuroscience, CIMA, University of Navarra, Av. Pío XII 55, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Protein phosphatase 1-dependent bidirectional synaptic plasticity controls ischemic recovery in the adult brain. J Neurosci 2008; 28:154-62. [PMID: 18171933 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4109-07.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases and phosphatases can alter the impact of excitotoxicity resulting from ischemia by concurrently modulating apoptotic/survival pathways. Here, we show that protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), known to constrain neuronal signaling and synaptic strength (Mansuy et al., 1998; Morishita et al., 2001), critically regulates neuroprotective pathways in the adult brain. When PP1 is inhibited pharmacologically or genetically, recovery from oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD) in vitro, or ischemia in vivo is impaired. Furthermore, in vitro, inducing LTP shortly before OGD similarly impairs recovery, an effect that correlates with strong PP1 inhibition. Conversely, inducing LTD before OGD elicits full recovery by preserving PP1 activity, an effect that is abolished by PP1 inhibition. The mechanisms of action of PP1 appear to be coupled with several components of apoptotic pathways, in particular ERK1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2) whose activation is increased by PP1 inhibition both in vitro and in vivo. Together, these results reveal that the mechanisms of recovery in the adult brain critically involve PP1, and highlight a novel physiological function for long-term potentiation and long-term depression in the control of brain damage and repair.
Collapse
|
13
|
Cid C, Garcia-Bonilla L, Camafeita E, Burda J, Salinas M, Alcazar A. Proteomic characterization of protein phosphatase 1 complexes in ischemia-reperfusion and ischemic tolerance. Proteomics 2007; 7:3207-18. [PMID: 17683050 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200700214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Serine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) regulates multiple cellular processes. Protein phosphorylation-dephosphorylation is largely altered during ischemia and subsequent reperfusion. The brain is particularly vulnerable to stress resulting from ischemia-reperfusion (IR), however, the acquisition of ischemic tolerance (IT) protects against IR stress. We studied PP1 complexes in response to IR stress and IT in brain using proteomic characterization of PP1 complexes in animal models of IR and IT. PP1alpha and PP1gamma were immunoprecipitated and resolved by 2-D. DIGE analysis detected 14 different PP1-interacting proteins that exhibited significant changes in their association with PP1alpha or PP1gamma. These proteins were identified by MALDI-TOF MS. Seven had the PP1-binding RVxF motif. IR altered the interaction of heat shock cognate 71 kDa-protein, creatine kinase B, and dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein 32 kDa (DARPP32) with both PP1alpha and PP1gamma, and the interaction of phosphodiesterase-6B, transitional ER ATPase, lamin-A, glucose-regulated 78 kDa-protein, dihydropyrimidinase-related protein-2, gamma-enolase, neurofilament-L, and ubiquitin ligase SIAH2 with PP1gamma. IT prevented most of the IR-induced effects. This study identifies novel PP1alpha- and PP1gamma-interacting proteins and reveals an in vivo modularity of PP1 holoenzymes in response to physiological ischemic stress. It supports a potential role of PP1 in IR stress and as a target of the endogenous protective mechanisms induced by IT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cid
- Department of Investigation, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|