1
|
Das A, Sarwar MS, Hossain MS, Karmakar P, Islam MS, Hussain ME, Banik S. Elevated Serum Lipid Peroxidation and Reduced Vitamin C and Trace Element Concentrations Are Correlated With Epilepsy. Clin EEG Neurosci 2019; 50:63-72. [PMID: 29788779 DOI: 10.1177/1550059418772755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epilepsy is one of the chronic and heterogeneous epidemic neurological disorders leading to substantial mortality. The aim of the present study was to investigate the serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), vitamin C, and trace elements namely zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn) in epileptic patients of Bangladesh and to establish if there are any pathophysiological correlations. METHODS This was a case-control study with 40 generalized epileptic patients and 40 healthy subjects as controls. Epilepsy was determined by the presence of seizure events with an abnormal electroencephalography and magnetic resonance imaging report of brain. RESULTS Anthropometric parameters highlighted that age is a major risk factor of epilepsy and men are more prone to epilepsy than women. Blood serum analysis demonstrated significantly ( P < .001) higher values of MDA and lower level of vitamin C in the patient group (4.41 ± 0.76 μmol/mL and 18.31 ± 0.84 μmol/L, respectively) compared with control (1.81 ± 0.70 μmol/mL and 29.72 ± 1.06 μmol/L, respectively). Pearson's correlation analysis revealed a negative correlation between the serum level of MDA and vitamin C for both patient ( r = -0.023, P = .887) and control group ( r = -0.142, P = .383). This study also revealed that the trace elements (Zn, Cu) were significantly ( P < .05) lower in epileptics (68.32 ± 4.59 and 50.81 ± 2.54 μg/dL, respectively) where the level of Mn in patients (187.71 ± 9.04 μg/dL) was almost similar to that of the control group ( P > .05). The univariate analysis demonstrated that zinc <70 μg/dL (odds ratio = 3.56, P < .05) and copper <50 μg/dL were associated (odds ratio = 14.73, P < .001) with an increased risk of epilepsy. Establishment of interelement relationship strongly supported that there was a disturbance in the element homeostasis of epileptic patients. CONCLUSIONS The study results strengthen the role of lipid peroxidation, antioxidants and trace elements in the pathogenesis and warrant larger studies to investigate the association of these biochemical parameters with epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Das
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shahid Sarwar
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shohel Hossain
- 2 Department of Pharmacy, School of Engineering, Science and Technology, Manarat International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Palash Karmakar
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Safiqul Islam
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Enayet Hussain
- 3 Department of Neurology, National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sujan Banik
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Araujo BHS, Torres LB, Guilhoto LMFF. Cerebal overinhibition could be the basis for the high prevalence of epilepsy in persons with Down syndrome. Epilepsy Behav 2015; 53:120-5. [PMID: 26558714 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is the most common cause of genetic intellectual disability, and the trisomy 21 is associated with more than 80 clinical traits, including higher risk for epilepsy. Several hypotheses have been put forward to explain the mechanisms underlying increased seizure susceptibility in DS: inherent structural brain abnormalities, abnormal cortical lamination, disruption of normal dendritic morphology, and underdeveloped synaptic profiles. A deficiency or loss of GABA inhibition is hypothesized to be one of the main alterations related to the epileptogenic process. Paradoxically, enhanced GABA inhibition has also been reported to promote seizures. One major functional abnormality observed in the brains of individuals and mouse models with DS appears to be an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission, with excessive inhibitory brain function. This review discusses the GABAergic system in the human DS brain and the possible implication of the GABAergic network circuit in the epileptogenic process in individuals where the pathogenetic basis for epilepsy is unknown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Henrique Silva Araujo
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Unifesp/EPM, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery - Laboratório de Neurociências, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Laila Brito Torres
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Centro Sul Brasileiro de Pesquisa, Extensão e Pós-Graduação, CENSUPEG, Joinville, SC, Brazil
| | - Laura Maria F F Guilhoto
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Unifesp/EPM, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Moret J, Moreira FT, Almeida SA, Sales MGF. New molecularly-imprinted polymer for carnitine and its application as ionophore in potentiometric selective membranes. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 43:481-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
4
|
Watson SL, Richards DA, Miodrag N, Fedoroff JP. Sex and genes, part 1: sexuality and Down, Prader-Willi, and Williams syndromes. INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2012; 50:155-168. [PMID: 22642969 DOI: 10.1352/1934-9556-50.2.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Specific genetic syndromes affect individuals' sexual development, experiences, and fertility. Individuals with specific syndromes can also display inappropriate sexual behavior resulting from vulnerabilities presented by their genetic makeup. Using clinical case studies, we discuss the specific impact that Down, Prader-Willi, and Williams syndromes can have on sexual development and behavior. Applying a biopsychosocial approach, we present the primary sexual effects, such as delayed sexual development and infertility. These genetic syndromes are also associated with challenges that are not specifically sexual in nature but that affect sexual expression, such as self-injury, mental health issues, or epilepsy. Medication side effects are also discussed. We conclude with treatment recommendations for individuals with sexual challenges, considering the unique effects of these three syndromes on sexuality.
Collapse
|
5
|
De Simone R, Puig XS, Gélisse P, Crespel A, Genton P. Senile myoclonic epilepsy: delineation of a common condition associated with Alzheimer's disease in Down syndrome. Seizure 2010; 19:383-9. [PMID: 20598585 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2010.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2009] [Accepted: 04/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In Down syndrome (DS), epilepsy is frequent in all age classes and is recognized as a significant cause of additional handicap and morbidity. Longer life expectancy has led to the recognition of the high incidence of both Alzheimer's disease and seizures in elderly persons with DS. Neuropathological markers of AD are found in all DS brains and clinical symptoms of AD become apparent by the age of 60 years and above in over 50% of DS subjects. Following preliminary description of myoclonic seizures and/or myoclonic epilepsy in isolated cases or small series, we wish to report the diagnostic criteria, treatment and prognosis of a specific and recognizable form of epilepsy associated with AD in a larger group of middle-aged to elderly DS patients. This markedly under-recognized entity may indeed concern an already large and steadily increasing number of patients. We reviewed all medical records of patients with DS referred to our centers (Centre Saint Paul-Gastaut, Marseille; Epilepsy Unit, Montpellier University Hospital; Department of Neurology, Hospital General de Asturias, Oviedo) since 1995. DS had been diagnosed in all at birth, and all presented with the typical morphological changes associated with DS. We selected all cases (18) referred as adults with new onset of myoclonic jerks (MJ) and/or behavioral or cognitive deterioration (CD).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto De Simone
- Centre Saint Paul-Hôpital Henri Gastaut, 300 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, 13258 Marseille 09, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Background Many chromosomal abnormalities are associated with Central Nervous System (CNS) malformations and other neurological alterations, among which seizures and epilepsy. Some of these show a peculiar epileptic and EEG pattern. We describe some epileptic syndromes frequently reported in chromosomal disorders. Methods Detailed clinical assessment, electrophysiological studies, survey of the literature. Results In some of these congenital syndromes the clinical presentation and EEG anomalies seems to be quite typical, in others the manifestations appear aspecific and no strictly linked with the chromosomal imbalance. The onset of seizures is often during the neonatal period of the infancy. Conclusions A better characterization of the electro clinical patterns associated with specific chromosomal aberrations could give us a valuable key in the identification of epilepsy susceptibility of some chromosomal loci, using the new advances in molecular cytogenetics techniques - such as fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), subtelomeric analysis and CGH (comparative genomic hybridization) microarray. However further studies are needed to understand the mechanism of epilepsy associated with chromosomal abnormalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Sorge
- Department of Pediatrics, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, Università di Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, Catania 95123, Italy.
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Van Wyk J, Britz TJ. A rapid HPLC method for the extraction and quantification of vitamin B12in dairy products and cultures ofPropionibacterium freudenreichii. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1051/dst/2009055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
8
|
FAULKS D, COLLADO V, MAZILLE MN, VEYRUNE JL, HENNEQUIN M. Masticatory dysfunction in persons with Down’s syndrome. Part 1: aetiology and incidence. J Oral Rehabil 2008; 35:854-62. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2008.01877.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
9
|
Interaction between vitamin D2 and magnesium in liposomes: Differential scanning calorimetry and FTIR spectroscopy studies. J Mol Struct 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2006.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
10
|
Litos C, Parsons S, Karaliota A. Synthesis of two dicopper(II) complexes of l-carnitine: The first structural determination of a metal complex containing l-carnitine. Polyhedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2006.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
11
|
Papandreou D, Pavlou E, Kalimeri E, Mavromichalis I. The ketogenic diet in children with epilepsy. Br J Nutr 2007; 95:5-13. [PMID: 16441911 DOI: 10.1079/bjn20051591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Children with epilepsy, especially those facing intractable seizures, experience a great impact on the quality of their lives. Effective treatment is essential, and although new anti-epileptic drugs have shown an improved profile of action, still a substantial number of children look for more efficacious ways of treatment that are far away from potential toxicity and ineffectiveness. The ketogenic diet is a dietary therapy for epileptic children based on manipulation of metabolism principles and brain energetics. This regimen aims to produce a controlled ketonaemia through excessive dietary fat intake, little carbohydrates and adequate (for growth) protein. The present paper is a review of previous and current papers regarding the proposed mechanisms of the ketogenic diet’s action, and the efficacy of the regimen on epileptic children. Unfortunately, a few small studies in sample size and duration tried to evaluate the potential risks of this regimen and their results were rather inconclusive. Further research needs to be done in order for the exact mechanism of the ketogenic diet to be clarified which will help to improve the diet’s application, especially for vulnerable epileptic children as far as their growth is concerned.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Papandreou
- Neurology Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, Medical School of Aristotelion University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Thiel R. Might calcium disorders cause or contribute to myoclonic seizures in epileptics? Med Hypotheses 2006; 66:969-74. [PMID: 16439065 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2005.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2005] [Accepted: 11/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although epilepsy is not rare, many epileptic conditions are considered to be idiopathic and the related seizures of unknown origin. It does appear that different types of seizures are caused by differing mechanisms. This paper discusses scattered case reports involving problems with calcium metabolism and the thyroid, and/or the parathyroid glands concurrent with seizures that support the position that calcium control mechanisms may have been involved in causing seizures in those patients. This paper hypothesizes that calcium levels can cause, or at least contribute to myoclonic (jerk) seizures, as well as to possibly infantile spasms. As these conditions are difficult to treat medically, this paper suggests that nutritional interventions, such as supplemental calcium, magnesium and/or vitamin D, might well be considered as an option as a first-line treatment in those with these types of epileptic disorders. The nutritional recommendations also would apply for those who have seizures concurrent with Down syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Thiel
- Center for Natural Health Research, Down-Syndrome Epilepsy Foundation, Arroyo Grande, CA 93420, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Thiel R, Fowkes SW. Can cognitive deterioration associated with Down syndrome be reduced? Med Hypotheses 2005; 64:524-32. [PMID: 15617860 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2004.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2004] [Accepted: 08/24/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with Down syndrome have signs of possible brain damage prior to birth. In addition to slowed and reduced mental development, they are much more likely to have cognitive deterioration and develop dementia at an earlier age than individuals without Down syndrome. Some of the cognitive impairments are likely due to post-natal hydrogen peroxide-mediated oxidative stress caused by overexpression of the superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) gene, which is located on the triplicated 21st chromosome and known to be 50% overexpressed. However, some of this disability may also be due to early accumulation of advanced protein glycation end-products, which may play an adverse role in prenatal and postnatal brain development. This paper suggests that essential nutrients such as folate, vitamin B6, vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, and zinc, as well as alpha-lipoic acid and carnosine may possibly be partially preventive. Acetyl-L-carnitine, aminoguanidine, cysteine, and N-acetylcysteine are also discussed, but have possible safety concerns for this population. This paper hypothesizes that nutritional factors begun prenatally, in early infancy, or later may prevent or delay the onset of dementia in the Down syndrome population. Further examination of these data may provide insights into nutritional, metabolic and pharmacological treatments for dementias of many kinds. As the Down syndrome population may be the largest identifiable group at increased risk for developing dementia, clinical research to verify the possible validity of the prophylactic use of anti-glycation nutrients should be performed. Such research might also help those with glycation complications associated with diabetes or Alzheimer's.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Thiel
- Center for Natural Health Research, Down Syndrome-Epilepsy Foundation, 1248 E. Grand Avenue, Suite A, Arroyo Grande, CA 93420, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|