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Matias D, Sisnande T, Martins A, do Amaral M, Santos B, Miranda A, Lima L. Dietary phytate induces subclinical mechanical allodynia in mice. Braz J Med Biol Res 2023; 56:e12955. [PMID: 37937602 PMCID: PMC10695159 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2023e12955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a condition with varying origins, including reduced dietary micronutrient intake. Phytate is a polyphosphate found in seeds and grains that can act as an antinutrient due to the ability of sequester essential divalent metals. Here we tested whether moderate dietary phytate intake could alter nociceptive pain. We subjected weaning mice to a chow supplemented with 1% phytate for eight weeks. Body weight gain, glycemic responses, food ingestion, water ingestion, and liver and adipose tissue weights were not altered compared to controls. We observed a decreased mechanical allodynia threshold in the intervention group, although there were no changes in heat- or cold-induced pain. Animals consuming phytate showed reduced spinal cord tumor necrosis factor (TNF), indicating altered inflammatory process. These data provide evidence for a subclinical induction of mechanical allodynia that is independent of phytate consumption in animals with otherwise normal phenotypic pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- D.O. Matias
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Laboratório de Estudos em Farmacologia Experimental, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química Biológica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - T. Sisnande
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química Biológica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - A.F. Martins
- Laboratório de Estudos em Farmacologia Experimental, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - M.J. do Amaral
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química Biológica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - B.L.R. Santos
- Laboratório de Estudos em Farmacologia Experimental, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - A.L.P. Miranda
- Laboratório de Estudos em Farmacologia Experimental, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - L.M.T.R. Lima
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química Biológica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Laboratório de Macromoléculas, Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brasil
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Pan W, Huang X, Yu Z, Ding Q, Xia L, Hua J, Gu B, Xiong Q, Yu H, Wang J, Xu Z, Zeng L, Bai G, Liu H. Netrin-3 Suppresses Diabetic Neuropathic Pain by Gating the Intra-epidermal Sprouting of Sensory Axons. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:745-758. [PMID: 36587114 PMCID: PMC10169969 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-01011-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) is the most common disabling complication of diabetes. Emerging evidence has linked the pathogenesis of DNP to the aberrant sprouting of sensory axons into the epidermal area; however, the underlying molecular events remain poorly understood. Here we found that an axon guidance molecule, Netrin-3 (Ntn-3), was expressed in the sensory neurons of mouse dorsal root ganglia (DRGs), and downregulation of Ntn-3 expression was highly correlated with the severity of DNP in a diabetic mouse model. Genetic ablation of Ntn-3 increased the intra-epidermal sprouting of sensory axons and worsened the DNP in diabetic mice. In contrast, the elevation of Ntn-3 levels in DRGs significantly inhibited the intra-epidermal axon sprouting and alleviated DNP in diabetic mice. In conclusion, our studies identified Ntn-3 as an important regulator of DNP pathogenesis by gating the aberrant sprouting of sensory axons, indicating that Ntn-3 is a potential druggable target for DNP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, 310015, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xueyin Huang
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zikai Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, 310015, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qiongqiong Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Liping Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology and Department of Neurobiology of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jianfeng Hua
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Bokai Gu
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qisong Xiong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, 310015, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hualin Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, 310015, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Junbo Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Zhenzhong Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Department of Neurobiology of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Linghui Zeng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Ge Bai
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Institute of Brain and Cognition, Zhejiang University City College School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310015, China.
| | - Huaqing Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, 310015, China.
- Institute of Brain and Cognition, Zhejiang University City College School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310015, China.
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Huang X, Zheng C, Wang W, Ye X, Lin CY, Wu Z. The Effect and Possible Mechanism of Intradiscal Injection of Simvastatin in the Treatment of Discogenic Pain in Rats. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:642436. [PMID: 33815046 PMCID: PMC8010318 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.642436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the effect of intradiscal injection of simvastatin on discogenic pain in rats and its possible mechanism, 30 adult female rats were used in this experiment. Twenty rats were randomly divided into sham operation group (Control group), intervertebral disk degeneration group (DDD group), intervertebral disk degeneration + hydrogel group (DDD + GEL group), and intervertebral disk degeneration + simvastatin group (DDD + SIM group). The mechanical pain threshold and cold sensation in rats were measured. The contents of NF-kappa B1, RelA, GAP43, SP, CGRP, TRPM 8, IL-1β, and TNF-α in the intervertebral disk (IVD), the corresponding contents of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and plantar skin GAP43 and TRPM 8 were quantitatively detected by PCR. The corresponding IVDs were stained to detect their degeneration. There was no significant difference in the mechanical pain threshold between the groups at each time point. From the first day to the 8th week after surgery, the cold-sensing response of the DDD group was significantly higher than that of the Control group (P < 0.05). At 7 and 8 weeks postoperatively, the cold-sensing response of the DDD + SIM group was significantly lower than that of the DDD + GEL group (P < 0.05). The levels of NF-κB1, RelA, GAP43, SP, CGRP, TRPM8, IL-1β, and TNF-α in the IVD of DDD + SIM group were significantly lower than those in DDD group (P < 0.05). The content of GAP43 and TRPM8 in rat plantar skin decreased significantly and TRPM8 in DRG decreased significantly (P < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Changkun Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Fuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Fujian, China
| | - Weiheng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojian Ye
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chia-Ying Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Zenghui Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
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The selective TRPV4 channel antagonist HC-067047 attenuates mechanical allodynia in diabetic mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 856:172408. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Shi C, Das V, Li X, Kc R, Qiu S, O-Sullivan I, Ripper RL, Kroin JS, Mwale F, Wallace AA, Zhu B, Zhao L, van Wijnen AJ, Ji M, Lu J, Votta-Velis G, Yuan W, Im HJ. Development of an in vivo mouse model of discogenic low back pain. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6589-6602. [PMID: 29150945 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Discogenic low back pain (DLBP) is extremely common and costly. Effective treatments are lacking due to DLBP's unknown pathogenesis. Currently, there are no in vivo mouse models of DLBP, which restricts research in this field. The aim of this study was to establish a reliable DLBP model in mouse that captures the pathological changes in the disc and allows longitudinal pain testing. The model was generated by puncturing the mouse lumbar discs (L4/5, L5/6, and L6/S1) and removing the nucleus pulposus using a microscalpel under the microscope. Histology, molecular pathways, and pain-related behaviors were examined. Over 12 weeks post-surgery, animals displayed the mechanical, heat, and cold hyperalgesia along with decreased burrowing and rearing. Histology showed progressive disc degeneration with loss of disc height, nucleus pulposus reduction, proteoglycan depletion, and annular fibrotic disorganization. Immunohistochemistry revealed a substantial increase in inflammatory mediators at 2 and 4 weeks. Nerve growth factor was upregulated from 2 weeks to the end of the experiment. Nerve fiber ingrowth was induced in the injured discs after 4 weeks. Disc-puncture also produced an upregulation of neuropeptides in dorsal root ganglia neurons and an activation of glial cells in the spinal cord dorsal horn. These findings indicate that the cellular and structural changes in discs, as well as peripheral and central nervous system plasticity, paralleled persistent, and robust behavioral pain responses. Therefore, this mouse DLBP model could be used to investigate mechanisms underlying discogenic pain, thereby facilitating effective drug screening and development of treatments for DLBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changgui Shi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Vaskar Das
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ranjan Kc
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sujun Qiu
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - InSug O-Sullivan
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, Illinois
| | - Richard L Ripper
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jeffrey S Kroin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Fackson Mwale
- Department of Surgery, McGill University and Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, SMBD-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Atiyayein A Wallace
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Bingqian Zhu
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Science, The University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lan Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Mingliang Ji
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Southeast University Zhongda Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Southeast University Zhongda Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Gina Votta-Velis
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, Illinois
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center (JBVAMC), Chicago, Illinois
| | - Wen Yuan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hee-Jeong Im
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center (JBVAMC), Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, Illinois
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Hwang I, Hahm SC, Choi KA, Park SH, Jeong H, Yea JH, Kim J, Hong S. Intrathecal Transplantation of Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Spinal GABAergic Neural Precursor Cells Attenuates Neuropathic Pain in a Spinal Cord Injury Rat Model. Cell Transplant 2016; 25:593-607. [DOI: 10.3727/096368915x689460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating disease characterized by spontaneous pain such as hyperalgesia and allodynia. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of ESC-derived spinal GABAergic neurons to treat neuropathic pain in a SCI rat model. Mouse embryonic stem cell–derived neural precursor cells (mESC-NPCs) were cultured in media supplemented with sonic hedgehog (SHH) and retinoic acid (RA) and efficiently differentiated into GABAergic neurons. Interestingly, low doses of SHH and RA induced MGE-like progenitors, which expressed low levels of DARPP32 and Nkx2.1 and high levels of Irx3 and Pax6. These cells subsequently generated the majority of the DARPP32- GABAergic neurons after in vitro differentiation. The spinal mESC-NPCs were intrathecally transplanted into the lesion area of the spinal cord around T10–T11 at 21 days after SCI. The engrafted spinal GABAergic neurons remarkably increased both the paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) below the level of the lesion and the vocalization threshold (VT) to the level of the lesion (T12, T11, and T10 vertebrae), which indicates attenuation of chronic neuropathic pain by the spinal GABAergic neurons. The transplanted cells were positive for GABA antibody staining in the injured region, and cells migrated to the injured spinal site and survived for more than 7 weeks in L4–L5. The mESC-NPC-derived spinal GABAergic neurons dramatically attenuated the chronic neuropathic pain following SCI, suggesting that the spinal GABAergic mESC-NPCs cultured with low doses of SHH and RA could be alternative cell sources for treatment of SCI neuropathic pain by stem cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insik Hwang
- School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Chan Hahm
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ah Choi
- School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science; Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Park
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesun Jeong
- School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Yea
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junesun Kim
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghoi Hong
- School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Mortazavi MM, Jaber M, Adeeb N, Deep A, Hose N, Rezaei M, Fard SA, Kateb B, Yashar P, Liker MA, Tubbs RS. Engraftment of neural stem cells in the treatment of spinal cord injury. TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH IN ANATOMY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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ISSLS Prize winner: Increased innervation and sensory nervous system plasticity in a mouse model of low back pain due to intervertebral disc degeneration. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2014; 39:1345-54. [PMID: 24718079 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000000334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Immunohistochemical and behavioral study using the SPARC (secreted protein, acidic, rich in cysteine)-null mouse model of low back pain (LBP) associated with accelerated intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. OBJECTIVE To determine if behavioral signs of LBP in SPARC-null mice are accompanied by sensory nervous system plasticity. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA IVD pathology is a significant contributor to chronic LBP. In humans and rodents, decreased expression of SPARC is associated with IVD degeneration. We previously reported that SPARC-null mice exhibit age-dependent behavioral signs of chronic axial LBP and radiating leg pain. METHODS SPARC-null and age-matched control young, middle-aged, and old mice (1.5, 6, and 24 mo of age, respectively) were evaluated. Cutaneous hind paw sensitivity to cold, heat, and mechanical stimuli were evaluated as measures of radiating pain. The grip force and tail suspension assays were performed to evaluate axial LBP. Motor impairment was assessed using an accelerating rotarod. IVD innervation was identified by immunohistochemistry targeting the nerve fiber marker PGP9.5 and the sensory neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Sensory nervous system plasticity was evaluated by quantification of CGRP- and neuropeptide-Y-immunoreactivity (-ir) in dorsal root ganglia neurons and CGRP-ir, GFAP-ir (astrocyte marker), and Iba-1-ir (microglia marker) in the spinal cord. RESULTS SPARC-null mice developed hypersensitivity to cold, axial discomfort, age-dependent motor impairment, age-dependent increases in sensory innervation in and around the IVDs, age-dependent upregulation of CGRP and neuropeptide-Y in dorsal root ganglia, and age-dependent upregulation of CGRP, microglia, and astrocytes in the spinal cord dorsal horn. CONCLUSION Increased innervation of degenerating IVDs by sensory nerve fibers and the neuroplasticity in sensory neurons and spinal cord could contribute to the underlying pathobiology of chronic discogenic LBP. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A.
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Chen L, Huang H, Sharma HS, Zuo H, Sanberg PR. Cell transplantation as a pain therapy targets both analgesia and neural repair. Cell Transplant 2013; 22 Suppl 1:S11-9. [PMID: 23992823 DOI: 10.3727/096368913x672091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell transplantation is a potentially powerful approach for the alleviation of chronic pain. The strategy of cell transplantation for the treatment of pain is focused on cell-based analgesia and neural repair. (1) Adrenal medullary chromaffin cells and the PC12 cell line have been used to treat cancer pain and neuropathic pain in both animal models and human cases. As biological or living minipumps, these cells produce and secrete pain-reducing neuroactive substances if administered directly into the spinal subarachnoid space. (2) Cell implantation for pain neurorestorative therapy is a new concept and an emerging research field for pain control along with neural repair. Possible neurorestorative mechanisms include neuroprotective, neurotrophic, neuroreparative, neuroregenerative, neuromodulation, or neuroconstructive interventions, as well as immunomodulation and enhancing the microcirculation. These factors may ultimately restore the damaged or irritated condition of the lesioned nerves. The growing preclinical and clinical data show that neural stem/progenitor cells, olfactory ensheathing cells, mesenchymal stromal cells, and CD34(+) cells have the capacity to manage intractable pain and improve neurological functions. Cell delivery routes include local, intrathecal, or intravascular implants. Although these strategies are still in their infancy phase for pain neurorestoratology, cell-based therapies could open up new avenues for the relief of pain. In this review, these aspects are critically analyzed based on our own investigations. This manuscript is published as part of the International Association of Neurorestoratology (IANR) supplement issue of Cell Transplantation.
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Eaton MJ, Berrocal Y, Wolfe SQ, Widerström-Noga E. Review of the history and current status of cell-transplant approaches for the management of neuropathic pain. PAIN RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2012; 2012:263972. [PMID: 22745903 PMCID: PMC3382629 DOI: 10.1155/2012/263972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of sensory neuropathies, whether inherited or caused by trauma, the progress of diabetes, or other disease states, are among the most difficult problems in modern clinical practice. Cell therapy to release antinociceptive agents near the injured spinal cord would be the logical next step in the development of treatment modalities. But few clinical trials, especially for chronic pain, have tested the transplant of cells or a cell line to treat human disease. The history of the research and development of useful cell-transplant-based approaches offers an understanding of the advantages and problems associated with these technologies, but as an adjuvant or replacement for current pharmacological treatments, cell therapy is a likely near future clinical tool for improved health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary J. Eaton
- Miami VA Health System Center, D806C, 1201 NW 16th Street, Miami, FL 33125, USA
| | - Yerko Berrocal
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Stacey Q. Wolfe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tripler Army Medical Center, 1 Jarrett White Road, Honolulu, HI 96859, USA
| | - Eva Widerström-Noga
- Miami VA Health System Center, D806C, 1201 NW 16th Street, Miami, FL 33125, USA
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miller School of Medicine at the University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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11
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Jeon Y. Cell based therapy for the management of chronic pain. Korean J Anesthesiol 2011; 60:3-7. [PMID: 21359073 PMCID: PMC3040428 DOI: 10.4097/kjae.2011.60.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2010] [Revised: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The management of chronic pain, particularly neuropathic pain, still has significant unmet needs. In addition to inadequate symptomatic relief, there are concerns about adverse effects and addiction associated with treatments. The transplantation of cells that secrete neuroactive substances with analgesic properties into the central nervous system has only become of practical interest in more recent years, but provides a novel strategy to challenge current approaches in treating chronic pain. This review covers pre-clinical and clinical studies from both allogeneic and xenogeneic sources for management of chronic refractory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghoon Jeon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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12
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Muthuraman A, Singh N, Jaggi AS. Effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Acorus calamus on tibial and sural nerve transection-induced painful neuropathy in rats. J Nat Med 2010; 65:282-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-010-0486-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Levodopa analgesia in experimental neuropathic pain. Brain Res Bull 2010; 83:304-9. [PMID: 20813171 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2010.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2010] [Revised: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Levodopa has been shown to produce analgesia in various clinical and experimental settings, but its use for chronic pain treatment has not been established. We have undertaken a study of the antiallodynic actions of levodopa in a rat model of painful mononeuropathy. When administered systemically, levodopa produced a decrease in tactile and cold allodynia lasting at least 3h. Direct intrathecal (i.t.) levodopa injection at lumbar levels produced a similar, though shorter, antiallodynic effect. This effect was blocked by the D2-type receptor antagonist sulpiride, which supports the involvement of the spinal dopaminergic system in the analgesic action of levodopa on neuropathic pain. These results provide experimental support on the antiallodynic effect of levodopa in neuropathic pain and suggest that at least part of the analgesic action takes place in the spinal cord and involves dopaminergic D2-type receptors.
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Cobacho N, Serrano AB, Casarejos MJ, Mena MA, Paíno CL. Use of Transduced Adipose Tissue Stromal Cells as Biologic Minipumps to Deliver Levodopa for the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain: Possibilities and Limitations. Cell Transplant 2009; 18:1341-58. [DOI: 10.3727/096368909x12483162197367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Subarachnoidal grafting of monoamine-producing cells has been used with success to treat chronic pain in animal models. In the search for a source of autologous transplantable cells, capable of delivering neuroactive substances to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to treat pain, we have tested adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) transduced to produce levodopa. Intrathecally grafted ADSCs survive for long term adhered to spinal cord and nerve root meninges. Cultured ADSCs were retrovirally transduced with tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and/or GTP cyclohydroxylase 1 (GCH1) genes and stably expressed them for at least 6 weeks in culture. Singly transduced cultures did not produce measurable levodopa but doubly transduced or a mixture of singly transduced ADSCs were able to efficiently synthesize and release levodopa. When 0.5–1 × 106 TH-and GCH1-expressing ADSCs were intrathecally grafted in rats, elevated levels of levodopa and dopamine metabolites were found in CSF at 3 days, although at lower concentrations than expected. Unexpectedly, no levodopa was measurable in CSF at 6 days. In a rat model of neuropathic pain, intrathecal grafting of doubly transduced cells did not produce antiallodynic effects at 2 or 6 days, even when histological analysis revealed the presence of weak TH-immunoreactive subarachnoidal cell clusters. These results suggested that doubly transduced cells could indeed function as biological minipumps to enhance the dopaminergic neurotransmission at the spinal cord level but transgenes were rapidly silenced after intrathecal grafting. Transgene silencing was mimicked in culture by serum deprivation for 3 days. Serum addition at this point recovered trans-gene expression in just 6 h, as did, to a smaller degree, dbcAMP or histone deacetylase inhibitors. Transgene expression silencing in serum deprivation conditions was prevented by 5′-terminal IRES sequences. The present study does not discard the use of transduced cells as a strategy to treat chronic pain but shows that controlling transgene silencing in implanted cells needs to be achieved first.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Cobacho
- Servicio de Neurobiología-Investigación, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Serrano
- Servicio de Neurobiología-Investigación, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria José Casarejos
- Servicio de Neurobiología-Investigación, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mari Angeles Mena
- Servicio de Neurobiología-Investigación, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Luis Paíno
- Servicio de Neurobiología-Investigación, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
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Mukhida K, Mendez I, McLeod M, Kobayashi N, Haughn C, Milne B, Baghbaderani B, Sen A, Behie LA, Hong M. Spinal GABAergic Transplants Attenuate Mechanical Allodynia in a Rat Model of Neuropathic Pain. Stem Cells 2007; 25:2874-85. [PMID: 17702982 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2007-0326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Injury to the spinal cord or peripheral nerves can lead to the development of allodynia due to the loss of inhibitory tone involved in spinal sensory function. The potential of intraspinal transplants of GABAergic cells to restore inhibitory tone and thus decrease pain behaviors in a rat model of neuropathic pain was investigated. Allodynia of the left hind paw was induced in rats by unilateral L5- 6 spinal nerve root ligation. Mechanical sensitivity was assessed using von Frey filaments. Postinjury, transgenic fetal green fluorescent protein mouse GABAergic cells or human neural precursor cells (HNPCs) expanded in suspension bioreactors and differentiated into a GABAergic phenotype were transplanted into the spinal cord. Control rats received undifferentiated HNPCs or cell suspension medium only. Animals that received either fetal mouse GABAergic cell or differentiated GABAergic HNPC intraspinal transplants demonstrated a significant increase in paw withdrawal thresholds at 1 week post-transplantation that was sustained for 6 weeks. Transplanted fetal mouse GABAergic cells demonstrated immunoreactivity for glutamic acid decarboxylase and GABA that colocalized with green fluorescent protein. Intraspinally transplanted differentiated GABAergic HNPCs demonstrated immunoreactivity for GABA and beta-III tubulin. In contrast, intraspinal transplantation of undifferentiated HNPCs, which predominantly differentiated into astrocytes, or cell suspension medium did not affect any behavioral recovery. Intraspinally transplanted GABAergic cells can reduce allodynia in a rat model of neuropathic pain. In addition, HNPCs expanded in a standardized fashion in suspension bioreactors and differentiated into a GABAergic phenotype may be an alternative to fetal cells for cell-based therapies to treat chronic pain syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Mukhida
- Cell Restoration Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Lepore AC, Bakshi A, Swanger SA, Rao MS, Fischer I. Neural precursor cells can be delivered into the injured cervical spinal cord by intrathecal injection at the lumbar cord. Brain Res 2005; 1045:206-16. [PMID: 15910779 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2004] [Revised: 03/23/2005] [Accepted: 03/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Neural precursor cells (NPCs) are promising grafts for treatment of traumatic CNS injury and neurodegenerative disorders because of their potential to differentiate into neurons and glial cells. When designing clinical protocols for NPC transplantation, it is important to develop alternatives to direct parenchymal injection, particularly at the injury site. We reasoned that since it is minimally invasive, intrathecal delivery of NPCs at lumbar spinal cord (lumbar puncture) represents an important and clinically applicable strategy. We tested this proposition by examining whether NPCs can be delivered to the injured cervical spinal cord via lumbar puncture using a mixed population of neuronal-restricted precursors (NRPs) and glial-restricted precursors (GRPs). For reliable tracking, the NPCs were derived from the embryonic spinal cord of transgenic donor rats that express the marker gene, human placental alkaline phosphatase, under the control of the ubiquitous Rosa 26 promoter. We found that mixed NRP/GRP grafts can be efficiently delivered to a cervical hemisection injury site by intrathecal delivery at the lumbar cord. Similar to direct parenchymal injections, transplanted NRP/GRP cells survive at the injury cavity for at least 5 weeks post-engraftment, migrate into intact spinal cord along white matter tracts and differentiate into all three mature CNS cell types, neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Furthermore, very few graft-derived cells localize to areas outside the injury site, including intact spinal cord and brain. These results demonstrate the potential of delivering lineage-restricted NPCs using the minimally invasive lumbar puncture method for the treatment of spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo C Lepore
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, 2900 Queen Lane, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
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17
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Abstract
Cell therapy to treat neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury (SCI) is in its infancy. However, the development of cellular strategies that would replace or be used as an adjunct to existing pharmacological treatments for neuropathic pain have progressed tremendously over the past 20 years. The earliest cell therapy studies for pain relief tested adrenal chromaffin cells from rat or bovine sources, placed in the subarachnoid space, near the spinal cord pain- processing pathways. These grafts functioned as cellular minipumps, secreting a cocktail of antinociceptive agents around the spinal cord for peripheral nerve injury, inflammatory or arthritic pain. These initial animal, and later clinical, studies suggested that the spinal intrathecal space was a safe and accessible location for the placement of cell grafts. However, one major problem was the lack of a homogeneous, expandable cell source to supply the antinociceptive agents. Cell lines that can be reversibly immortalised are the next phase for the development of a practical, homogenous cell source. These technologies have been modelled with a variety of murine cell lines, derived from embryonic adrenal medulla or CNS brainstem, in which cells are transplanted, which downregulate their proliferative, oncogenic phenotype either before or after transplant. An alternative approach for existing human cell lines is the use of neural or adrenal precursors, in which the antinociceptive properties are induced by in vitro treatment with molecules that move the cells to an irreversible neural or chromaffin, and non-oncogenic, phenotype. Although such human cell lines are at an early stage of investigation, their clinical antinociceptive potential is significant given the daunting problem of difficult-to-treat neuropathic SCI pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Eaton
- University of Miami School of Medicine, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, 1095 NW 14th Terrace (R-48), Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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Bakshi A, Hunter C, Swanger S, Lepore A, Fischer I. Minimally invasive delivery of stem cells for spinal cord injury: advantages of the lumbar puncture technique. J Neurosurg Spine 2004; 1:330-7. [PMID: 15478372 DOI: 10.3171/spi.2004.1.3.0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Object. Stem cell therapy has been shown to have considerable therapeutic potential for spinal cord injuries (SCIs); however, most experiments in animals have been performed by injecting cells directly into the injured parenchyma. This invasive technique compromises the injured spinal cord, although it delivers cells into the hostile environment of the acutely injured cord. In this study, the authors tested the possibility of delivering stem cells to injured spinal cord by using three different minimally invasive techniques.
Methods. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are clinically attractive because they have shown therapeutic potential in SCI and can be obtained in patients at the bedside, raising the possibility of autologous transplantation. In this study transgenically labeled cells were used for transplantation, facilitating posttransplantation tracking. Inbred Fisher-344 rats received partial cervical hemisection injury, and 2 × 106 BMSCs were intravenously, intraventricularly, or intrathecally transplanted 24 hours later via lumbar puncture (LP). The animals were killed 3, 10, or 14 days posttransplantation, and tissue samples were submitted to histochemical and immunofluorescence analyses. For additional comparison and validation, lineage restricted neural precursor (LRNP) cells obtained from E13.5 rat embryos were transplanted via LP, and these findings were also analyzed.
Conclusions. Both BMSCs and LRNP cells home toward injured spinal cord tissues. The use of LP and intraventricular routes allows more efficient delivery of cells to the injured cord compared with the intravenous route. Stem cells delivered via LP for treatment of SCI may potentially be applicable in humans after optimal protocols and safety profiles are established in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Bakshi
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19129, USA.
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Abstract
We have set out to establish a fast, simple and innocuous method for repeatedly obtaining cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from rats that are undergoing different experimental procedures or suffering pathological conditions. Here, we report a method that has been optimized to repeatedly collect 30-50 microl of CSF in rats by direct lumbar puncture using a procedure that generally takes 15-20 min to perform and presents very little hazard to the animal. The rats are anaesthetized with isofluorane and placed on a board in such a way that the spine is curved at the level of the L3-L5 vertebrae. After performing a small incision in the skin of the back, a neonatal lumbar puncture needle is introduced into the intrathecal space and CSF is passively collected in the needle cup (facilitating maneuvers are described herein). Moreover, we have further adapted this method to permit the intrathecal delivery of pharmacological agents and cell suspensions. In such experiments, behavioral tests can be conducted 10-15 min after the intrathecal injection and the activity of the implanted cells can be assessed by sampling lumbar CSF at later times.
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