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Leite MC, Galland F, Guerra MC, Rodrigues L, Taday J, Monteforte PT, Hirata H, Gottfried C, Donato R, Smaili S, Gonçalves CA. Astroglial S100B Secretion Is Mediated by Ca 2+ Mobilization from Endoplasmic Reticulum: A Study Using Forskolin and DMSO as Secretagogues. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16576. [PMID: 38068900 PMCID: PMC10706453 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
S100B, a homodimeric Ca2+-binding protein, is produced and secreted by astrocytes, and its extracellular levels have been used as a glial marker in brain damage and neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases; however, its mechanism of secretion is elusive. We used primary astrocyte cultures and calcium measurements from real-time fluorescence microscopy to investigate the role of intracellular calcium in S100B secretion. In addition, the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) effect on S100B was investigated in vitro and in vivo using Wistar rats. We found that DMSO, a widely used vehicle in biological assays, is a powerful S100B secretagogue, which caused a biphasic response of Ca2+ mobilization. Our data show that astroglial S100B secretion is triggered by the increase in intracellular Ca2+ and indicate that this increase is due to Ca2+ mobilization from the endoplasmic reticulum. Also, blocking plasma membrane Ca2+ channels involved in the Ca2+ replenishment of internal stores decreased S100B secretion. The DMSO-induced S100B secretion was confirmed in vivo and in ex vivo hippocampal slices. Our data support a nonclassic vesicular export of S100B modulated by Ca2+, and the results might contribute to understanding the mechanism underlying the astroglial release of S100B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina C. Leite
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil; (M.C.G.); (L.R.); (J.T.); (C.G.); (C.-A.G.)
| | - Fabiana Galland
- Centro de Ciências e Qualidade dos Alimentos, Instituto de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Campinas 13070-178, SP, Brazil;
| | - Maria Cristina Guerra
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil; (M.C.G.); (L.R.); (J.T.); (C.G.); (C.-A.G.)
| | - Letícia Rodrigues
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil; (M.C.G.); (L.R.); (J.T.); (C.G.); (C.-A.G.)
| | - Jéssica Taday
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil; (M.C.G.); (L.R.); (J.T.); (C.G.); (C.-A.G.)
| | - Priscila T. Monteforte
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei, São João Del Rei 36301-160, MG, Brazil;
| | - Hanko Hirata
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04044-020, SP, Brazil; (H.H.); (S.S.)
| | - Carmem Gottfried
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil; (M.C.G.); (L.R.); (J.T.); (C.G.); (C.-A.G.)
| | - Rosario Donato
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology, 06132 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Soraya Smaili
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04044-020, SP, Brazil; (H.H.); (S.S.)
| | - Carlos-Alberto Gonçalves
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil; (M.C.G.); (L.R.); (J.T.); (C.G.); (C.-A.G.)
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Li Y, Zhang B, Liu XW, Liu M, Huang SM. An applicable method of drawing cerebrospinal fluid in rats. J Chem Neuroanat 2016; 74:18-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Rodríguez-Fanjul J, Fernández-Feijóo CD, Camprubí MC. A New Technique for Collection of Cerebrospinal Fluid in Rat Pups. J Exp Neurosci 2015; 9:37-41. [PMID: 26056488 PMCID: PMC4445886 DOI: 10.4137/jen.s26182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroprotective strategies to prevent or decrease brain injury in hypoxic ischemic newborns are one of the main research lines in neonatology. Animal models have been used to assess the efficiency of new therapeutic strategies. Brain damage biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are frequently used to evaluate the outcome at the bedside. Despite the importance of this approach in clinical practice, there are many difficulties in using it in small animals. The aim of this paper was to describe a new technique for collecting CSF in rat pups. Furthermore the reference values of S100β protein levels, commonly used in common clinical practice, were analyzed in animals between 7 to 12 days. METHODS 42 Wistar rat pups aged 7 to 12 days were used. CSF was obtained by direct puncture of the cisterna magna with a 24-gauge needle. S100β protein levels were determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS CSF was successfully obtained in 96% of the cases, with an average amount of 21.28 μl (5–40 μl). Normal values for S100β were described. HI animals presented higher S100β values than controls. CONCLUSIONS A simple, reproducible technique for CSF collection in rat pups has been described. This new method will allow study of brain injury biomarkers in newborn hypoxic ischemic animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Rodríguez-Fanjul
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Service, Hospital de Sant Joan de Déu Maternal, Fetal and Neonatology Center Barcelona (BCNatal), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Marta Camprubí Camprubí
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Service, Hospital de Sant Joan de Déu Maternal, Fetal and Neonatology Center Barcelona (BCNatal), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Mariappan TT, Kurawattimath V, Gautam SS, Kulkarni CP, Kallem R, Taskar KS, Marathe PH, Mandlekar S. Estimation of the Unbound Brain Concentration of P-Glycoprotein Substrates or Nonsubstrates by a Serial Cerebrospinal Fluid Sampling Technique in Rats. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:477-85. [DOI: 10.1021/mp400436d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Thanga Mariappan
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Centre (BBRC), Syngene International Ltd., Biocon Park, Plot 2 & 3, Bommasandra IV Phase, Bangalore 560 099, India
| | - Vishwanath Kurawattimath
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Centre (BBRC), Syngene International Ltd., Biocon Park, Plot 2 & 3, Bommasandra IV Phase, Bangalore 560 099, India
| | - Shashyendra Singh Gautam
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Centre (BBRC), Syngene International Ltd., Biocon Park, Plot 2 & 3, Bommasandra IV Phase, Bangalore 560 099, India
| | - Chetan P. Kulkarni
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Centre (BBRC), Syngene International Ltd., Biocon Park, Plot 2 & 3, Bommasandra IV Phase, Bangalore 560 099, India
| | - Rajareddy Kallem
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Centre (BBRC), Syngene International Ltd., Biocon Park, Plot 2 & 3, Bommasandra IV Phase, Bangalore 560 099, India
| | - Kunal S. Taskar
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Centre (BBRC), Syngene International Ltd., Biocon Park, Plot 2 & 3, Bommasandra IV Phase, Bangalore 560 099, India
| | - Punit H. Marathe
- Pharmaceutical
Candidate Optimization, Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pennington, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | - Sandhya Mandlekar
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Centre (BBRC), Bristol-Myers Squibb India Ltd., Bangalore 560099, India
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Ceaglio N, Orozco G, Etcheverrigaray M, Mattio M, Kratje R, Perotti N, Oggero M. High performance collection of cerebrospinal fluid in rats: evaluation of erythropoietin penetration after osmotic opening of the blood-brain barrier. J Neurosci Methods 2013; 219:70-5. [PMID: 23872527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2013.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
An important issue to be considered when studying a new drug for treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases is its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and distribute throughout the brain. As cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has demonstrated to be an invaluable reservoir to study CNS availability of therapeutic proteins, we have developed an improved method for CSF sampling from the cisterna magna of rats. The technique enables the simple and rapid collection of adequate quantities (50-75 μl) of blood-free CSF, rendering a high percentage of animal survival (99%) without clinic or neurological consequences. Its success in avoiding blood contamination of CSF lays in the use of a mixture of lidocaine/ephinephrine topically injected in the rat's suboccipital area and neck. Another relevant feature of the methodology is its low cost, since the puncture device can be easily assembled with cheap and available materials and, more importantly, neither expensive stereotaxic equipment nor frame is required. The present method is demonstrated by studying the CSF pharmacokinetics of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO), a well-studied therapeutic candidate for neurological diseases. Moreover, we applied this technique to evaluate a strategy of osmotic disruption of the BBB to achieve a faster delivery of rhEPO into the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ceaglio
- Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje "El Pozo", C.C. 242, S3000ZAA Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Li Y, Zhang B, Wen W, Liu S, Hao D, Liu M, Kuang HX, Huang SM. The comparison of three methods of drawing cerebrospinal fluid in rabbit. J Neurosci Methods 2012; 209:398-402. [PMID: 22750266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2012.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Component analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is frequently required to probe the cause of disease, pathologic mechanisms and effective drugs in the experimental study of central nervous system. An ideal way of drawing CFS is very important for the successful analysis. However, pros and cons of types of CSF drawing have never been analyzed and compared. The purpose of this study was to choose an ideal method of obtaining CSF in rabbits by comparing the three usual ones: skull drilling, lumbar puncture and atlanto-occipital membrane puncture. In the study, the rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: skull drilling group, lumbar puncture group and atlanto-occipital membrane puncture group, and our modified puncture needles were used. The rates of success, operating time and repeatability, etc. of the three methods were compared. The results suggest that the atlanto-occipital membrane puncture method is the best. The method was the simplest, fastest, and most repeatable of the three, furthermore, with this method, the most CSF was drawn and achieved the highest success rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute for Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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Comparative pharmacokinetics of continuous and conventional intrathecal amphotericin B in rabbits. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012; 56:5253-7. [PMID: 22850516 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00304-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported a new effective therapy, continuous intrathecal amphotericin B (AMB), for the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis, which had fewer side effects and complications than conventional intrathecal AMB. In this study, the pharmacokinetics of continuous intrathecal administration and conventional intrathecal AMB were compared in rabbits, providing a pharmacokinetic basis for the use of continuous intrathecal AMB therapy. The AMB concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), sampled via an inserted cisterna magna catheter, was determined by a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay. The results revealed significant pharmacokinetic differences between the two groups. In the continuous intrathecal group (0.15 mg/kg/24 h), the concentration of AMB peaked 7.01 μg/ml at 4 h and then decreased to a stable level of 1.0 to 1.34 μg/ml, with no neurological impairments, while in the conventional intrathecal group (0.015 mg/kg), the drug concentration reached a peak of 3.41 μg/ml at 1 h and then decreased progressively, with fever and neurological impairments, including convulsion and paralysis. The pharmacokinetic results indicated that the continuous intrathecal AMB is a more effective and safe therapy than the conventional intrathecal AMB, with comparatively rational pharmacokinetics and fewer neurological impairments.
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Cisterna magna cannulated repeated CSF sampling rat model – effects of a gamma-secretase inhibitor on Aβ levels. J Neurosci Methods 2012; 205:36-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2011.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Cassar SC, Tovcimak AE, Rustay NR, Ellis TA, Hooker BA, Witte DG, Li J, Buck WR, Scharf D, Muller U, Jeromin A, Wang KKW, Waring JF. Comparing levels of biochemical markers in CSF from cannulated and non-cannulated rats. J Neurosci Methods 2010; 192:249-53. [PMID: 20692294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2010.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Revised: 07/20/2010] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is commonly used for assessing biomarkers of drug efficacy or disease progression in the central nervous system. Studies of CSF from pre-clinical species can characterize biomarkers for use in clinical trials. However, obtaining CSF from pre-clinical species, particularly rodents, can be challenging due to small body sizes, and consequently, low volumes of CSF. Surgical cannulation of rats is commonly used to allow for CSF withdrawal from the cisterna magna. However, cannulae do not remain patent over multiple days, making chronic studies on the same rats difficult. Moreover, CSF biomarkers may be affected by cannulation. Thus cannulation may contribute confounding factors to the understanding of CSF biomarkers. To determine the potential impact on biomarkers, CSF was analyzed from cannulated rats, surgically implanted with catheters as well as from non-cannulated rats. Brain protein biomarkers (αII-spectrin SBDP150 and total tau) and albumin, were measured in the CSF using ELISA assays. Overall, cannulated rat CSF had elevated levels of the biomarkers examined compared to non-cannulated rat CSF. Additionally, the variation in biomarker levels observed among CSF from cannulated rats was greater than that observed for non-cannulated rat CSF. These results demonstrate that in some cases, biomarker assessment using CSF from cannulated rats may differ from that of non-cannulated animals and may contribute confounding factors to biomarker measurements and assay development for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C Cassar
- Translational Neuroimaging and Biochemical Biomarkers, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Rd., Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA.
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A simple and rapid method to collect the cerebrospinal fluid of rats and its application for the assessment of drug penetration into the central nervous system. J Neurosci Methods 2009; 178:116-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2008.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2008] [Revised: 11/28/2008] [Accepted: 12/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Bendels S, Kansy M, Wagner B, Huwyler J. In silico prediction of brain and CSF permeation of small molecules using PLS regression models. Eur J Med Chem 2008; 43:1581-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2007.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2007] [Revised: 11/13/2007] [Accepted: 11/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
Creating protein profiles of tissues and tissue fluids, which contain secreted proteins and peptides released from various cells, is critical for biomarker discovery as well as drug and vaccine target selection. It is extremely difficult to obtain pure samples from tissues or tissue fluids, however, and identification of complex protein mixtures is still a challenge for mass spectrometry analysis. Here, we summarize recent advances in techniques for extracting proteins from tissues for mass spectrometry profiling and imaging. We also introduce a novel technique using a capillary ultrafiltration (CUF) probe to enable in vivo collection of proteins from the tissue microenvironment. The CUF probe technique is compared with existing sampling techniques, including perfusion, saline wash, fine-needle aspiration and microdialysis. In this review, we also highlight quantitative mass spectrometric proteomic approaches with, and without, stable-isotope labels. Advances in quantitative proteomics will significantly improve protein profiling of tissue and tissue fluid samples collected by CUF probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Yang
- The Burnham Institute for Medical Research, Proteomics Facility, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Kobayashi K, Yasuhara T, Agari T, Muraoka K, Kameda M, Ji Yuan W, Hayase H, Matsui T, Miyoshi Y, Shingo T, Date I. Control of dopamine-secretion by Tet-Off system in an in vivo model of parkinsonian rat. Brain Res 2006; 1102:1-11. [PMID: 16806124 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.04.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2005] [Revised: 03/23/2006] [Accepted: 04/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We established a PC12 cell line (PC12TH Tet-Off) in which human tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression can be negatively controlled by Doxycycline (Dox). First, dopamine (DA)-secretion from PC12TH Tet-Off cells was controlled by Dox-administration in a dose-responsive manner ranging from 0 to 100 ng/ml for 70 days in vitro. Furthermore, Parkinson's disease model of rats receiving encapsulated PC12TH Tet-Off cells displayed a significant decrease of dopamine concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and increase of the number of apomorphine-induced rotations by Dox-administration, as compared to transplanted rats without Dox-administration, although the significant decrease of the reduction ratio of DA concentration in the CSF with Dox-administration was recognized over time. At 2 months post-implantation, concentration of dopamine in the implanted striatum and from the retrieved capsules demonstrated that the control of DA-secretion could be partially achieved for 2 months in vivo. Our results support both the value of cell therapy using Tet-Off system and the technique of encapsulation might be a feasible option for Parkinson's disease especially in resolving the problem of dopamine oversupply in the future, although a more efficient way to control DA-secretion with quicker regulation and much titration of dose should be explored before clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Kobayashi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, Japan
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Säljö A, Huang YL, Hansson HA. Impulse noise transiently increased the permeability of nerve and glial cell membranes, an effect accentuated by a recent brain injury. J Neurotrauma 2003; 20:787-94. [PMID: 12965057 DOI: 10.1089/089771503767870014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A single exposure to intense impulse noise may cause diffuse brain injury, revealed by increased expression of immediate early gene products, transiently altered distribution of neurofilaments, accumulation of beta-amyloid precursor protein, apoptosis, and gliosis. Neither hemorrage nor any gross structural damage are seen. The present study focused on whether impulse noise exposure increased the permeability of nerve and glial cell membranes to proteins. Also, we investigated whether a preceding, minor focal surgical brain lesion accentuated the leakage of cytosolic proteins. Anaesthetized rats were exposed to a single impulse noise at either 199 or 202 dB for 2 milliseconds. Transiently elevated levels of the cellular protein neuron specific enolase (NSE) and the glial cytoplasmic protein S-100 were recorded in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during the first hours after the exposure to 202 dB. A surgical brain injury, induced the day before the exposure to the impulse noise, was associated with significantly increased concentrations of both markers in the CSF. It is concluded that intense impulse noise damages both nerve and glial cells, an effect aggravated by a preexisting surgical lesion. The impulse of the shock wave, i.e. the pressure integrated over time, is likely to be the injurious mechanism. The abnormal membrane permeability and the associated cytoskeletal changes may initiate events, which eventually result in a progressive diffuse brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Säljö
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden
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