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Dammak A, Chtourou F, Luca SV, Skalicka-Wozniak K, Bouaziz M. Insights into the phytochemical composition and antioxidant potential of the Tunisian Ceratonia siliqua L. Fitoterapia 2024; 175:105919. [PMID: 38537888 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.105919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) corresponds to an evergreen leguminous tree (Fabaceae family). The high phenolic content of numerous parts of carob has been deeply associated with several nutritional and functional benefits. The aim of this study was to investigate the physicochemical properties of ground carob pods and seeds, the effect of different extraction procedures as well a comprehensive phytochemical characterization of hydro-methanolic extracts (80/20 v/v) of pods and seeds by HPLC-DAD ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Additionally, their antioxidant activity was evaluated using in vitro assays. The results showed thatthe dry matter (DM) values were 88.09% for pods and 89.10% for seeds, protein contents were 0.41 g/100 g DM for pods and 0.88 g/100 g DM for seedsand total sugars contents were 0.35 g/100 DM for pods and 26.70 g/100 g DM for seeds. Furthermore, the oil holding capacities (OHC) were 10.43 g/g for pods and 7.53 g/g for seeds, while the water holding capacities were 8.46 g/g for pods and 2.59 g/g for seeds.The hydro-methanolic extracts of both pods and seeds showed the presence of 53 secondary bioactive metabolites belonging to various classes(flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins and non-phenolic compounds). The antioxidant activities were evidenced in DPPH (22.24 mg/ml for pods and 26.37 mg/ml for seeds), ABTS (198.50 mmol Eq Trolox/100 g for pods and 201.04 mmol Eq Trolox/100 g for seeds) and FRAP (0.39 mmol Eq Trolox/100 g for pods and 0.53 mmol Eq Trolox/100 g for seeds).Moreover,high significant (p ≤ 0.01) correlation coefficients were found between the antioxidant activity estimated by the DPPH method and total phenols (r = 0.943), orthodiphenols (r = 0.996), flavonoids (r = 0.880) and flavonols (r = 0.982). Nevertheless, lower correlations were detected with ABTS and FRAP methods.These results demonstrated that carob parts displayed an interesting potential that can be of interest for further valorizations as a natural antioxidant with multiple applications, namely functional food ingredients or prevention of many health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameni Dammak
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry and Environment, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, BP1173, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Chtourou
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry and Environment, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, BP1173, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Simon Vlad Luca
- Biothermodynamics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany; Department of Pharmacognosy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700115, Iasi, Romania.
| | | | - Mohamed Bouaziz
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry and Environment, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, BP1173, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia; Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, BP1175, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia.
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Dahmani W, Elaouni N, Abousalim A, Akissi ZLE, Legssyer A, Ziyyat A, Sahpaz S. Exploring Carob ( Ceratonia siliqua L.): A Comprehensive Assessment of Its Characteristics, Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemical Aspects, and Pharmacological Activities. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3303. [PMID: 37765467 PMCID: PMC10537686 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.) is currently considered one of the most valuable fruit and forest trees in various fields and sectors of activity. It is a versatile plant, belonging to the Fabaceae family. It is widely used in traditional medicine to treat many diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and gastrointestinal disorders, given that all its parts (leaves, flowers, pods, seeds, wood, bark, and roots) are useful and hold value in many areas. Its importance has increased significantly in recent years. Originating from the Middle East, it is recognized for its ecological and industrial significance. Previous studies conducted on Ceratonia siliqua L. have revealed the presence of several compounds, including polyphenols, flavonoids, carbohydrates, minerals, and proteins. The carob tree demonstrates antihypertensive, antidepressant, anti-obesity, and antihyperglycemic activities. This plant is known for its medicinal and therapeutic virtues. Moreover, it is particularly interesting to consider the pharmacological activities of the major phytochemical compounds present in the different extracts of this plant, such as phenolic acids, for example, coumaric and gallic acids, as well as flavonoids such as kaempferol and quercetin. Therefore, this review aims to analyze some aspects of this plant, especially the taxonomy, cytogeography, traditional uses, phytochemical constituents, and pharmacological activities of Ceratonia siliqua L., in addition to its biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Widad Dahmani
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnologies, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (W.D.); (N.E.); (A.L.); (A.Z.)
| | - Nabia Elaouni
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnologies, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (W.D.); (N.E.); (A.L.); (A.Z.)
| | - Abdelhadi Abousalim
- Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Horticultural and Local Products Unit, Plant Production, Protection and Biotechnology Department, Hassan II Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, 6202 Rabat-Instituts, Rabat 10112, Morocco;
| | - Zachée Louis Evariste Akissi
- Joint Research Unit 1158 BioEcoAgro INRAE, University of Lille, University of Liège, UPJV, JUNIA, University of Artois, ULCO, 5900 Lille, France;
| | - Abdelkhaleq Legssyer
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnologies, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (W.D.); (N.E.); (A.L.); (A.Z.)
| | - Abderrahim Ziyyat
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnologies, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (W.D.); (N.E.); (A.L.); (A.Z.)
| | - Sevser Sahpaz
- Joint Research Unit 1158 BioEcoAgro INRAE, University of Lille, University of Liège, UPJV, JUNIA, University of Artois, ULCO, 5900 Lille, France;
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Kavvoura DA, Stefanakis MK, Kletsas D, Katerinopoulos HE, Pratsinis H. Biological Activities of Ceratonia siliqua Pod and Seed Extracts: A Comparative Analysis of Two Cretan Cultivars. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12104. [PMID: 37569477 PMCID: PMC10418674 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ceratonia siliqua L., commonly known as the carob tree, appears in most Mediterranean countries, often cultivated for the collection of its fruits to be used as food for humans and animals. This study was aimed at the phytochemical characterization of two common Cretan C. siliqua cultivars and the biological evaluation of deseeded pod and seed extracts regarding their putative use in cosmetics. Gas and liquid chromatographic techniques were used to assess their essential oil, fatty acid, and carbohydrate profiles. Cell-free assays, including free-radical scavenging; the inhibition of tyrosinase and collagenase; the blocking of advanced glycation end product (AGE) formation; along with assays in human skin fibroblast cultures, i.e., reactive oxygen species suppression, glutathione stimulation, and protection from oxidative stress and from ultraviolet (UVB) radiation, were also used. Extracts from both cultivars were found to possess antioxidant capacity, tyrosinase- and collagenase-inhibitory activities, an ability to block glucose-induced AGEs, and in certain cases, UVB absorbance and photoprotective activities. Seed extracts were in general more active, while the use of 30% aqueous methanol seemed to be more efficient than n-hexane for extraction. Serial partition of the most active extracts resulted in fractions with enriched biological activities. These properties make Cretan carob extracts and their fractions suitable candidates for use in cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafni-Alexandra Kavvoura
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Ageing, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (D.-A.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Michalis K. Stefanakis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (M.K.S.); (H.E.K.)
| | - Dimitris Kletsas
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Ageing, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (D.-A.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Haralambos E. Katerinopoulos
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (M.K.S.); (H.E.K.)
| | - Harris Pratsinis
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Ageing, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (D.-A.K.); (D.K.)
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Elbouzidi A, Taibi M, Ouassou H, Ouahhoud S, Ou-Yahia D, Loukili EH, Aherkou M, Mansouri F, Bencheikh N, Laaraj S, Bellaouchi R, Saalaoui E, Elfazazi K, Berrichi A, Abid M, Addi M. Exploring the Multi-Faceted Potential of Carob ( Ceratonia siliqua var. Rahma) Leaves from Morocco: A Comprehensive Analysis of Polyphenols Profile, Antimicrobial Activity, Cytotoxicity against Breast Cancer Cell Lines, and Genotoxicity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:840. [PMID: 37375787 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The botanical species Ceratonia siliqua L., commonly referred to as the Carob tree, and locally as "L'Kharrûb", holds significance as an agro-sylvo-pastoral species, and is traditionally utilized in Morocco for treating a variety of ailments. This current investigation aims to ascertain the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic properties of the ethanolic extract of C. siliqua leaves (CSEE). Initially, we analyzed the chemical composition of CSEE through high-performance liquid chromatography with Diode-Array Detection (HPLC-DAD). Subsequently, we conducted various assessments, including DPPH scavenging capacity, β-carotene bleaching assay, ABTS scavenging, and total antioxidant capacity assays to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the extract. In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial properties of CSEE against five bacterial strains (two gram-positive, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis; and three gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli, Escherichia vekanda, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and two fungi (Candida albicans, and Geotrichum candidum). Additionally, we evaluated the cytotoxicity of CSEE on three human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-436) and assessed the potential genotoxicity of the extract using the comet assay. Through HPLC-DAD analysis, we determined that phenolic acids and flavonoids were the primary constituents of the CSEE extract. The results of the DPPH test indicated a potent scavenging capacity of the extract with an IC50 of 302.78 ± 7.55 µg/mL, which was comparable to that of ascorbic acid with an IC50 of 260.24 ± 6.45 µg/mL. Similarly, the β-carotene test demonstrated an IC50 of 352.06 ± 12.16 µg/mL, signifying the extract's potential to inhibit oxidative damage. The ABTS assay revealed IC50 values of 48.13 ± 3.66 TE µmol/mL, indicating a strong ability of CSEE to scavenge ABTS radicals, and the TAC assay demonstrated an IC50 value of 165 ± 7.66 µg AAE/mg. The results suggest that the CSEE extract had potent antioxidant activity. Regarding its antimicrobial activity, the CSEE extract was effective against all five tested bacterial strains, indicating its broad-spectrum antibacterial properties. However, it only showed moderate activity against the two tested fungal strains, suggesting it may not be as effective against fungi. The CSEE exhibited a noteworthy dose-dependent inhibitory activity against all the tested tumor cell lines in vitro. The extract did not induce DNA damage at the concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, 25, and 50 µg/mL, as assessed by the comet assay. However, the 100 µg/mL concentration of CSEE resulted in a significant genotoxic effect compared to the negative control. A computational analysis was conducted to determine the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic characteristics of the constituent molecules present in the extract. The Prediction of Activity Spectra of Substances (PASS) test was employed to forecast the potential biological activities of these molecules. Additionally, the toxicity of the molecules was evaluated using the Protox II webserver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amine Elbouzidi
- Laboratoire d'Amélioration des Productions Agricoles, Biotechnologie et Environnement (LAPABE), Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Taibi
- Laboratoire d'Amélioration des Productions Agricoles, Biotechnologie et Environnement (LAPABE), Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco
- Centre de l'Oriental des Sciences et Technologies de l'Eau et de l'Environnement (COSTEE), Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Hayat Ouassou
- Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques, Oujda 60000, Morocco
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Boulevard Mohamed VI, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Sabir Ouahhoud
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Boulevard Mohamed VI, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Douâae Ou-Yahia
- Centre de l'Oriental des Sciences et Technologies de l'Eau et de l'Environnement (COSTEE), Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - El Hassania Loukili
- Centre de l'Oriental des Sciences et Technologies de l'Eau et de l'Environnement (COSTEE), Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Marouane Aherkou
- Biotechnology Laboratory (MedBiotech), Bioinova Research Center, Rabat Medical and Pharmacy School, Mohammed Vth University, N.U, Rabat B.P 8007, Morocco
- Centre Mohammed VI For Research and Innovation (CM6), Madinat Al Irfane, Rabat B.P 6212, Morocco
| | - Farid Mansouri
- Laboratoire d'Amélioration des Productions Agricoles, Biotechnologie et Environnement (LAPABE), Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Noureddine Bencheikh
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Boulevard Mohamed VI, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Salah Laaraj
- Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Tadla, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Avenue Ennasr, Rabat Principal, Rabat 10090, Morocco
| | - Reda Bellaouchi
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Boulevard Mohamed VI, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Ennouamane Saalaoui
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Boulevard Mohamed VI, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Kaoutar Elfazazi
- Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Tadla, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Avenue Ennasr, Rabat Principal, Rabat 10090, Morocco
| | - Abdelbasset Berrichi
- Laboratoire d'Amélioration des Productions Agricoles, Biotechnologie et Environnement (LAPABE), Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Malika Abid
- Laboratoire d'Amélioration des Productions Agricoles, Biotechnologie et Environnement (LAPABE), Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Addi
- Laboratoire d'Amélioration des Productions Agricoles, Biotechnologie et Environnement (LAPABE), Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco
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Ünal E, Sulukan E, Şenol O, Baran A, Nadaroğlu H, Kankaynar M, Kızıltan T, Ceyhun SB. Antioxidant/protective effects of carob pod (Ceratonia siliqua L.) water extract against deltamethrin-induced oxidative stress/toxicity in zebrafish larvae. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 267:109584. [PMID: 36822298 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
In our study, the antioxidant capacity of carob pods water extract (CPWE) against deltamethrin (DM)-induced oxidative stress, a widely used pesticide around the world, was investigated in vitro and in vivo in a zebrafish model. The in vitro antioxidant capacity of the obtained extract was evaluated with different methods using trolox, BHA and BHT standard antioxidants. For in vivo experiments, 4hpf zebrafish embryos were exposed to 10 ppb and 25 ppb DM for 120 h and the larvae were treated with 1-10 and 100 ppm CPWE for 4 h at 72th hours. According to the results obtained, it has been determined that the exposure of zebrafish to DM during the developmental period causes important body malformations, decrease in survival rate, reduction in eye size, shortening in body length and decrease in locomotor activity in the dark period. In addition, according to the results of whole-mount staining, it was determined that DM caused a significant increase in the amount of free oxygen radicals and apoptotic cells. It was also confirmed by metabolome analysis that CPWE application for 4 h reduced DM-induced toxicity and oxidative stress. As a result, it can be said that CPWE has an important antioxidant capacity in eliminating DM-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Ünal
- Department of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey; Aquatic Biotechnology Laboratory, Fisheries Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ekrem Sulukan
- Aquatic Biotechnology Laboratory, Fisheries Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey; Department of Aquaculture Engineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey; Aquaculture Department, Fisheries Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Onur Şenol
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Alper Baran
- Department of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey; Aquatic Biotechnology Laboratory, Fisheries Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey; Department of Food Quality Control and Analysis, Technical Vocational School, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hayrunnisa Nadaroğlu
- Department of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey; Department of Food Quality Control and Analysis, Technical Vocational School, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Meryem Kankaynar
- Department of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey; Aquatic Biotechnology Laboratory, Fisheries Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Tuba Kızıltan
- Department of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey; Aquatic Biotechnology Laboratory, Fisheries Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Saltuk Buğrahan Ceyhun
- Department of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey; Aquatic Biotechnology Laboratory, Fisheries Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey; Department of Aquaculture Engineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey; Aquaculture Department, Fisheries Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
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Lakkab I, Ouakil A, El Hajaji H, Lachkar N, Lefter R, Ciobica A, El Bali B, Dobrin R, Hritcu LD, Lachkar M. Carob Seed Peels Effect on Cognitive Impairment and Oxidative Stress Status in Methionine-Induced Mice Models of Schizophrenia. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12121660. [PMID: 36552121 PMCID: PMC9775430 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12121660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:Ceratonia siliqua L. (Carob tree) is a Mediterranean evergreen, well known for its medicinal properties. The different parts of Carob were proven to exert antidiabetic, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiproliferative effects. Hence, the present paper aims to validate the positive correlation between the high antioxidant activity of carob seed peels and the improvement of negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Materials & Methods: The antioxidant activity was carried out using the β-carotene test. Methionine and carob seed peels (CSP) extracts (50 and 100 mg/kg) were orally administrated to mice for a week. After administration, behavioral tests were assessed using the Y-maze, elevated plus maze, and forced swimming tests, as well as the novel object recognition task. Furthermore, the oxidative stress status was evaluated by analyzing the levels of the antioxidant enzymes: Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde levels (MDA). Results: Both extracts exhibited remarkable antioxidant activity and showed antibacterial effect against Gram-positive bacteria tested (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram-negative). Therefore, Escherichia coli was very resistant. The behavioral tests proved the efficacy of CSP in enhancing the cognitive impairment of animal models of schizophrenia. Hence, the stated correlation between oxidative stress and schizophrenia was confirmed by the increased SOD and GPx activities and the decreased MDA level. Conclusions: The present study gave further confirmation of the potential correlation between oxidative stress and the development of psychiatric disorders and highlighted the use of natural antioxidants, especially Ceratonia siliqua L. in the improvement of cognitive impairment in the dementia of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Lakkab
- Engineering Laboratory of Organometallic, Molecular Materials, and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Abdelmoughite Ouakil
- Engineering Laboratory of Organometallic, Molecular Materials, and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Hanane El Hajaji
- Engineering Laboratory of Organometallic, Molecular Materials, and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Nadya Lachkar
- Engineering Laboratory of Organometallic, Molecular Materials, and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Radu Lefter
- Center of Biomedical Research, Romanian Academy, Iasi, B dul Carol I, No 8, 010071 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alin Ciobica
- Department of Research, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Bd. Carol I, 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Romeo Dobrin
- Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Strada Universitatii 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (R.D.); (L.D.H.)
| | - Luminita Diana Hritcu
- Internal Medicine Clinic, Ion Ionescu from Brad University of Life Sciences, 3 Sadoveanu Alley, 700490 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (R.D.); (L.D.H.)
| | - Mohammed Lachkar
- Engineering Laboratory of Organometallic, Molecular Materials, and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
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Antonopoulou E, Panteli N, Feidantsis K, Mastoraki M, Koutsogeorgiou EI, Grivaki E, Papagrigoriou T, Christias SP, Chatzifotis S, Lazari D, Andreadis SS, Krigas N. Carob ( Ceratonia siliqua) as Functional Feed Is Beneficial in Yellow Mealworm ( Tenebrio molitor) Rearing: Evidence from Growth, Antioxidant Status and Cellular Responses. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091840. [PMID: 36139915 PMCID: PMC9495811 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In terms of sustainability and circular economy, agricultural by-products may be efficiently reused in insects’ rearing for high-quality protein sources in human diet and animal feeds. The present study aimed to explore whether the utilization of carob pods as feeding substrate may beneficially affect Tenebrio molitor’s growth, nutritional value, antioxidant status and cellular responses. Increasing levels of milled whole carob pods (0, 25, 50, 75, 100%) were used as alternative wheat bran (control) substrates for yellow mealworm rearing, while growth performance, proximate composition, total phenolic content, antioxidant enzyme activity and the expression of stress- and apoptotic-related proteins were evaluated in larvae. The results showed that carob pods’ content up to 75% did not significantly differentiate larvae weight, development time and total dry matter. Larvae total phenolic content and antioxidant activity exhibited a significant increase at 75% content. Although the antioxidant enzymes’ activity decreased at both 25 and 50% levels, higher carob content levels (75 and 100%) resulted in no significant changes compared to the control. Carob pods led to decreased apoptotic indicators and the low expression of most stress-related proteins compared to the control. The present findings demonstrate that carob pods and their antioxidant properties exert beneficial effects on T. molitor’s rearing and nutritional status, although 100% carob content may impact adversely the larvae due to the high amounts of carob tannins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthimia Antonopoulou
- Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence: (E.A.); or (N.K.); Tel.: +30-2310-998563 (E.A.); +30-2310-471110 (N.K.)
| | - Nikolas Panteli
- Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kostantinos Feidantsis
- Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Mastoraki
- Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Gournes Pediados, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Eleni I. Koutsogeorgiou
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization—Dimitra, 57001 Thermi, Greece
| | - Eirini Grivaki
- Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodora Papagrigoriou
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Stavros Chatzifotis
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Gournes Pediados, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Diamanto Lazari
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stefanos S. Andreadis
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization—Dimitra, 57001 Thermi, Greece
| | - Nikos Krigas
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization—Dimitra, 57001 Thermi, Greece
- Correspondence: (E.A.); or (N.K.); Tel.: +30-2310-998563 (E.A.); +30-2310-471110 (N.K.)
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Alqudah A, Qnais EY, Wedyan MA, Oqal M, Alqudah M, AbuDalo R, AL-Hashimi N. Ceratonia siliqua leaves ethanol extracts exert anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10400. [PMID: 36090223 PMCID: PMC9449564 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ceratonia siliqua L. (Leguminosae) has neuroprotective, mutagenic, hypotensive, anti-bacterial, hypoglycaemic, and anti-inflammatory effects through extracts from its leaves. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the anti-nociceptive activity of ethanol extracts of Ceratonia siliqua leaves. Methods Ethanol extract of Ceratonia siliqua leaves were studied using well-established animal models of inflammation and pain. A hot plate latency assay (55 °C) was used to assess the analgesic effect of 10, 31.6, 100, and 316 mg/kg doses of ethanol extracts in addition to paw licking time in early and late phase using a formalin-induced paw licking assay test. Paw oedema induction using carrageenan and cotton pellet granuloma assays were used to assess the anti-inflammatory effect of 10, 31.6, 100, and 316 mg/kg doses of ethanol extract. Results The ethanol extract of Ceratonia siliqua leaves reduces paw licking time in early and late phase after formalin injection. The same effect was also observed when the hotplate test was performed. Ethanol extract of Ceratonia siliqua leaves caused dose dependent inhibition in paw oedema after the injection of carrageenan and cotton pellet granuloma in mice. These effects were not antagonized when opioid receptors were blocked by naloxone (5 mg/kg). The preliminary phytochemical analysis of the ethanol extract of Ceratonia siliqua leaves showed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids and terpenoids. Conclusion The present data indicate that ethanol extract of Ceratonia siliqua leaves might possess anti-inflammatory and anti-nociception properties and should be considered for further therapeutic research.
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Grigoriou AM, Pinakoulaki E. Linking the Dynamic Changes in the In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Carob Kibbles upon Roasting to the Chemical and Structural Changes Revealed by FTIR Spectroscopy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:2025. [PMID: 34943128 PMCID: PMC8698282 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10122025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted the potential of utilizing carob kibbles as a bioactive-rich food ingredient associated with substantial health benefits. Roasting is a key process in enhancing the sensory characteristics of carob kibbles, also affecting the bioactive polyphenols and leading to the formation of Maillard reaction products (MRPs), including the polymeric melanoidins that are associated with a high antioxidant potential but remain unexplored in carob. In this work, we employed for the first time attenuated total reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy to probe the dynamic chemical and structural changes upon the roasting of carob kibbles, along with the investigation of the in vitro antioxidant activity through the 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and the determination of the total polyphenolic, proanthocyanidin, gallic acid and cinnamic acid contents. Roasting significantly enhanced the in vitro antioxidant activity of the polyphenolic carob extracts, with different rates at distinct roasting temperatures. The ATR-FTIR analysis enabled the identification of the changes in the structural features of polyphenolic compounds that were related to the improved antioxidant activity upon roasting. Furthermore, the detection of characteristic signatures for the polymeric melanoidins in the infrared (IR) fingerprint region provided the first evidence for the formation and structural properties of these complex, diverse compounds in roasted carob kibbles.
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Darwish WS, Khadr AES, Kamel MAEN, Abd Eldaim MA, El Sayed IET, Abdel-Bary HM, Ullah S, Ghareeb DA. Phytochemical Characterization and Evaluation of Biological Activities of Egyptian Carob Pods ( Ceratonia siliqua L.) Aqueous Extract: In Vitro Study. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10122626. [PMID: 34961100 PMCID: PMC8706755 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Ceratonia siliqua (Carob) is an evergreen Mediterranean tree, and carob pods are potentially nutritive and have medicinal value. The present study was carried out to estimate the possible biological activities of phytochemical-characterized carob pod aqueous extract (CPAE). The phytochemical contents of CPAE were determined by using colorimetric methods and HPLC. In addition, the free radical scavenging properties and anti-diabetic, anti-hemolytic, and antimicrobial activities were estimated by using standardized in vitro protocols. The phytochemical analysis revealed that CPAE was rich in polyphenols, flavonoids, and alkaloids, where it contained a significant amount of gallic acid, catechin, and protocatechuic acid. Furthermore, CPAE exhibited strong antioxidant activity where it prevented the formation of 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl, hydroxyl, and nitric oxide free radicals. Additionally, it had a potent inhibitory effect against digestive enzymes (amylase, maltase, sucrase, and lactase). Moreover, CPAE exhibited anti-Staph aureus, anti-Escherichia coli, anti-Candida albicans, and anti-herpes simplex type I virus (HSV-I). Finally, CPAE protected the erythrocyte membrane from hypotonic solution-induced hemolysis. Altogether, CPAE could be regarded as an interesting source of biologically active antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and antimicrobial preparation for a potential application in pharmaceutical and food supplement fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Sobhy Darwish
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Menoufia 32511, Egypt; (W.S.D.); (A.E.S.K.); (I.E.T.E.S.); (H.M.A.-B.)
| | - Abada El Sayed Khadr
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Menoufia 32511, Egypt; (W.S.D.); (A.E.S.K.); (I.E.T.E.S.); (H.M.A.-B.)
| | - Maher Abd El Naby Kamel
- Biochemistry Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, Egypt;
| | - Mabrouk A. Abd Eldaim
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia 32511, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Ibrahim El Tantawy El Sayed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Menoufia 32511, Egypt; (W.S.D.); (A.E.S.K.); (I.E.T.E.S.); (H.M.A.-B.)
| | - Hamed Mohamed Abdel-Bary
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Menoufia 32511, Egypt; (W.S.D.); (A.E.S.K.); (I.E.T.E.S.); (H.M.A.-B.)
| | - Sami Ullah
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Doaa Ahmed Ghareeb
- Bio-Screening and Preclinical Trial Lab, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt;
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Christou A, Stavrou IJ, Kapnissi-Christodoulou CP. Continuous and pulsed ultrasound-assisted extraction of carob's antioxidants: Processing parameters optimization and identification of polyphenolic composition. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 76:105630. [PMID: 34146974 PMCID: PMC8220390 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols in carobs have recently attracted great attention due to their wide range of biological and health promoting effects. A comprehensive study was conducted to find an optimum method for the extraction, purification and characterization of these valuable bioactive substances. Under this framework, the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of polyphenols from carob pulp was optimized by the maximization of the yield in total phenolics using response surface methodology. In particular, the effects of solid-solvent ratio, solvent concentration, extraction time, sonication amplitude, and sonication mode were investigated and optimized using a complete experimental design. In comparison to conventional extraction techniques, UAE offered a higher yield of antioxidants and a shorter processing time. Solid-phase extraction was evaluated as a clean-up strategy prior to the electrophoretic analysis of extracts. The results from the analysis of real samples revealed the predominance of gallic acid and highlighted the great influence of the ripening stage on carobs composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ioannis J Stavrou
- Department of Life Sciences, European University Cyprus, 2404 Nicosia, Cyprus
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12
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Alami Merrouni I, Elachouri M. Anticancer medicinal plants used by Moroccan people: Ethnobotanical, preclinical, phytochemical and clinical evidence. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 266:113435. [PMID: 33022340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cancer is a major health problem worldwide. Drugs' side effects and high cost of treatment remain the main limitations of conventional therapy. Nowadays, developing new therapeutic strategies is necessary. Therefore, medicinal plants can be used to promote novel, safe, and potent anticancer drugs through their natural compounds. AIM OF THE STUDY This review aims to provide scientific evidence related to the anticancer activities of medicinal plants used by Moroccan people as well as approving their efficiency as an alternative cancer therapy. METHODS An ethnopharmacological review approach was conducted by analyzing Moroccan published ethnobotanical surveys from 1991 to 2019 and consulting peer-reviewed articles worldwide to investigate the pharmacological, phytochemical, and clinical effects related to the anticancer activities. Plants with anticancer proprieties were classified into four groups: (a) plants only cited as anticancer, (b) plants pharmacologically investigated, (c) plants with bioactive compounds tested as anticancer, and (d) plants clinically investigated. RESULTS A total of 103 plant species belonging to 47 botanical families used by Moroccans to treat cancer have been recorded. Aristolochia fontanesii Boiss. & Reut, Marrubium vulgare L., and Allium sativum L. are the most referred species in Morocco. Medicinal plants used for cancer treatment were classified into four groups: 48 species were used traditionally as anticancer (group a), 41 species pharmacologically investigated for their anticancer activities (group b), 32 plants with bioactive compounds tested against cancer (group c), and eight plants were clinically investigated for their anticancer effects (group d). Out of 82 plants' extracts pharmacologically tested (from plants of group b), only 24 ones show a significant cytotoxic effect. A total of seventy-seven compounds are isolated from plants of group (c). However, only six ones were clinically evaluated, and most of them exhibit a beneficial effect on cancerous patients with few side effects. CONCLUSION Medicinal plants can be a promising candidate for alternative cancer therapy. Nevertheless, it is critical to increasing the clinical trials to confirm their beneficial effect on patients with cancer. Overall, this review can serve as a database for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilyass Alami Merrouni
- Laboratory of Physiology, Genetics, and Ethnopharmacology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco.
| | - Mostafa Elachouri
- Laboratory of Physiology, Genetics, and Ethnopharmacology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco.
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Mehraban Z, Gaffari Novin M, Golmohammadi MG, Nazarian H. Effect of Ceratonia siliqua L. extract on DNA Fragmentation of Sperm in Adult Male Mice Treated with Cyclophosphamide. Reprod Sci 2021; 28:974-981. [PMID: 33481219 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00322-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effects of Ceratonia siliqua L. (CS) extract on sperm parameters and DNA damage in adult male mice treated with cyclophosphamide (CP). Based on an initial dose response experiment on Ceratonia siliqua L. extract, five treatment groups were set up: control, sham (normal saline: 0.2 ml per day, IP), CP (15 mg kg-1 per week; IP), Ceratonia siliqua L. (100mg l-1 per day; IP), and group of Ceratonia siliqua L. along with CP for 35 days. After euthanizing the animals, sperms from caudal part of epididymis were collected, and their parameters, Malone Di-Aldehyde (MDA) level, and DNA fragmentation were analyzed. In the mice exposed to cyclophosphamide, reduction in the sperm count and viability and increase in the abnormal sperm and MDA levels were detected (p < .05). In addition, an increase in sperms with damaged DNA was detected in CP group, while the use of Ceratonia siliqua L. Extract significantly recovered these disturbances in the treatment group (p < .05). This study suggested the competence of Ceratonia siliqua L. extract in the improvement of sperm parameters and DNA fragmentation in animals treated with CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Mehraban
- Department of Midwifery, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, IR, Iran.
| | - Marefat Gaffari Novin
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center and Biology and Anatomical Sciences Department, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ghasem Golmohammadi
- Research Laboratory for Embryology and Stem cells, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Hamid Nazarian
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Nutritional, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Toxicological Profile of Two Innovative Types of Vegan, Sugar-Free Chocolate. Foods 2020; 9:foods9121844. [PMID: 33322360 PMCID: PMC7764326 DOI: 10.3390/foods9121844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased sugar consumption and unhealthy dietary patterns are key drivers of many preventable diseases that result in disability and death worldwide. However, health awareness has increased over the past decades creating a massive on-going demand for new low/non-caloric natural sweeteners that have a high potential and are safer for consumption than artificial ones. The current study aims to investigate the nutritional properties, in vitro toxicological profile, total/individual polyphenols content, and the antioxidant, anti-cariogenic, and antimicrobial activity of two newly obtained vegan and sugar-free chocolate (VHC1 and VHC2). The energy values for the two finished products were very similar, 408.04 kcal/100 g for VHC1 and 404.68 kcal/100 g for VHC2. Both products, VHC1 and VHC2 present strong antioxidant activities, whereas antimicrobial results show an increased activity for VHC1 compared to VHC2, because of a higher phenolic content. In vitro toxicological evaluation revealed that both samples present a safe toxicological profile, while VHC2 increased cellular turnover of dermal cell lines, highlighting its potential use in skin treatments. The current work underlines the potential use of these vegetal mixtures as sugar-free substitutes for conventional products, as nutraceuticals, as well as topic application in skin care due to antimicrobial and antioxidant effects.
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Carob Seeds: Food Waste or Source of Bioactive Compounds? Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12111090. [PMID: 33202757 PMCID: PMC7697644 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: For centuries, carob fruit has been used in the food field, while carob seeds have been mainly considered as food waste. Nowadays, there has been considerable attention toward the recovery of the waste plant matrices as possible sources of functional compounds with health properties. Therefore, our goal was to evaluate the health properties of carob seed extracts, and to study the effects of the ripening process on the chemical composition of the extracts. (2) Methods: After the mechanical separation of seeds from carob fruit, an ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was performed to maximize and preserve the quality of bioactive compounds. Seed extracts were characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) for the content of bioactive polyphenols, and were finally analyzed by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), NO Scavenger (NO) and advanced glyoxidation end products (AGEs) assays, in order to estimate the antioxidant potential of the active compounds. (3) Results: Although both seed extracts of carob unripe (CAR-UR) and ripe (CAR-R) showed an interesting antioxidant activity, CAR-R had greater activity due to the procyanidins content. (4) Conclusions: Based on the obtained results, carob seed extracts could be regarded as interesting source of bioactive antioxidant compounds for a potential application in nutraceutical and food supplement fields.
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Ceratonia siliqua (Carob) extract improved in vitro development of vitrified-warmed mouse germinal vesicle oocytes: assessment of possible mechanism. Cell Tissue Bank 2020; 22:137-144. [PMID: 33052521 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-020-09873-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Oocyte banking is a vital step for safekeeping and spreading genetic resources of animals. It is also used for fertility preservation of human. Oocyte vitrification is closely related to the lower developmental competence which includes the cryo-injury arisen during vitrification. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the maturation, embryonic development and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) of mice oocytes following the supplementation vitrification media with different concentrations of Ceratonia siliqua (carob) extracts. In this experimental study, germinal vesicle oocytes collected from 8 to 10 week-old female NMRI mice (30-40 gr) were randomly divided into six groups of vitrification media supplemented with 0 (control), 5, 10, 20, 30 and 50 µg/ml C. siliqua. After thawing, oocytes were put in an in vitro maturation medium (IVM) (α-MEM: Alpha Minimum Essential Medium). 3-4 and 24 h (hr) later, the oocyte nuclear maturity was checked. Standard in vitro fertilization was performed on the matured oocytes (MII), and embryonic development was followed. Extra- and intra-cellular ROS was measured in IVM medium after 24 h of oocyte incubation. The addition of 20 and 30 μg/ml C. siliqua extract to vitrification media improved normal morphology of warmed germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes, rate of germinal vesicle break down (GVBD), and metaphase 2 (MII) oocyte formation significantly (p < 0.05). Fertilization rate, (embryonic development to 2 cells stage, 4-8 cells stage, and > 8 cells stage increased in the 30 μg/ml C. siliqua group significantly (p < 0.05). Furthermore, supplementation of 30 μg/ml C. siliqua in vitrification media significantly decreased extra- and intra-cellular of ROS as well as embryonic fragmentation (p < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of GV oocyte vitrification media with carob extract improved maturation, fertilization, and embryonic development rate and decreased extra- and intra-cellular ROS levels.
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Khani HM, Shariati M, Forouzanfar M, Hosseini SE. Protective effects of Ceratonia siliqua extract on protamine gene expression, testicular function, and testicular histology in doxorubicin-treated adult rats: An experimental study. Int J Reprod Biomed 2020; 18:667-682. [PMID: 32923932 PMCID: PMC7457156 DOI: 10.18502/ijrm.v13i8.7507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spermatogenesis is a complex process that takes place under the influence of many different genes. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the possible effects of Ceratonia siliqua hydroalcoholic extract (CSHAE) on protamine gene expression, testicular function, and testicular histology in doxorubicin-treated rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS 56 adult male rats with a age range of 2.5 to 3 months (210 ± 10 gr) were divided into seven groups (n = 8/each). A) Control group was left untreated; B) Sham group received 0.3 ml distilled water intraperitoneally, C) Negative control group received 3 mg/kg doxorubicin, intraperitoneally once a week for 28 days; and D) Positive control group received 600 mg/kg of CSHAE orally for 48 days; E, F, G) the experimental groups 1, 2, and 3 received 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg of CSHAE respectively orally, for 48 days, as well as 3 mg/kg doxorubicin once a week for 28 days. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used in the histological study of testes, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method was used in measuring serum levels of testosterone. Protamine gene expression was determined by real-Time PCR method. RESULTS The mean body weight, testicular weight, testicular volume, testosterone level (p = 0.022), the count of Leydig, spermatogonia, spermatocyte, and spermatid cells, as well as protamine gene expression (p = 0.008) were significantly increased in the experimental group 2 compared to the negative control group. The regeneration of testicular tissue was observed in the experimental group 2. CONCLUSION CSHAE has protective effect on doxorubicin-induced testicular injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehrdad Shariati
- Department of Biology, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
| | - Mohsen Forouzanfar
- Department of Biology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
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Abidar S, Boiangiu RS, Dumitru G, Todirascu-Ciornea E, Amakran A, Cioanca O, Hritcu L, Nhiri M. The Aqueous Extract from Ceratonia siliqua Leaves Protects Against 6-hydroxydopamine in Zebrafish: Understanding the Underlying Mechanism. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9040304. [PMID: 32276477 PMCID: PMC7222174 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9040304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceratonia siliqua L. is a Mediterranean medicinal plant traditionally cultivated for its ethnopharmacological benefits, such as antidiarrheal, antidiabetic, enhance acetylcholine, antioxidant, antiatherosclerotic, and for its possible anti-neurodegenerative potential. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the chemical composition, as well as the cognitive-enhancing, anxiolytic, and antioxidant activities of the aqueous extract from C. siliqua (CsAE) leaves against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) zebrafish Parkinson’s disease (PD) model. CsAE (0.1, 0.3, and 1 mg/L) was administered by immersion to zebrafish (Danio rerio) for eight consecutive days and one hour before each behavioral test of each day, while 6-OHDA (250 µM) treatment was supplied one day before the novel tank diving test (NTT). Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed by the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) analysis. The memory performance was evaluated through the NTT and Y-maze tests. Additionally, the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant status and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was also assessed. Our finds demonstrated that CsAE presented positive antioxidant and anti-AChE activities, which contributed to the improvement of cognitive function in the 6-OHDA zebrafish PD model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Abidar
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Abdelmalek Essaadi, Tanger Principal BP 416, Morocco; (S.A.); (A.A.); (M.N.)
| | - Razvan Stefan Boiangiu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (R.S.B.); (E.T.-C.)
| | - Gabriela Dumitru
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (R.S.B.); (E.T.-C.)
- Correspondence: (G.D.); (L.H.); Tel.: +40-232-201-522 (G.D.); +40-232-201-666 (L.H.)
| | - Elena Todirascu-Ciornea
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (R.S.B.); (E.T.-C.)
| | - Amina Amakran
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Abdelmalek Essaadi, Tanger Principal BP 416, Morocco; (S.A.); (A.A.); (M.N.)
| | - Oana Cioanca
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Lucian Hritcu
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Abdelmalek Essaadi, Tanger Principal BP 416, Morocco; (S.A.); (A.A.); (M.N.)
- Correspondence: (G.D.); (L.H.); Tel.: +40-232-201-522 (G.D.); +40-232-201-666 (L.H.)
| | - Mohamed Nhiri
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Abdelmalek Essaadi, Tanger Principal BP 416, Morocco; (S.A.); (A.A.); (M.N.)
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Ben Othmen K, Elfalleh W, García Beltrán JM, Esteban MÁ, Haddad M. An in vitro study of the effect of carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) leaf extracts on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) leucocyte activities. Antioxidant, cytotoxic and bactericidal properties. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 99:35-43. [PMID: 32032761 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Carob leaves, the main residues of the carob tree, were investigated as a renewable and abundant source of bioactive compounds for fish aquaculture. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts obtained from carob leaves were characterized in terms of biochemical composition, antiradical and cytotoxic effects and immunostimulant and antibacterial activities. The ethanolic extract showed higher levels of total phenolics, flavonoids and condensed tannins and higher antioxidant activity than the aqueous extract. No significant immunostimulant effects were observed on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) head kidney leucocytes (viability, phagocytosis and respiratory burst activities and peroxidase content) after incubation for 24 h with different extracts. Furthermore, the ethanolic extracts used at 0.5, 0.75 and 1 mg mL-1 and aqueous extracts at 1 g mL-1 had a cytotoxic effect on PLHC-1 cells. When the bactericidal activity was tested against three fish pathogenic bacteria (Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio anguillarum and Photobacterium damselae) notable activity of the different extracts was detected against P. damselae at all three concentrations. A similar effect was demonstrated against V. haryeri when ethanolic extracts were used in the same range of concentrations. This work demonstrates interesting in vitro effects of carob leaf extracts and suggests it could be used as an alternative to chemical compounds with farmed fish. The concentration and nature of the extracts were very important in terms of any positive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khajida Ben Othmen
- Laboratoire d'Aridocultures et des Cultures Oasiennes, Institut des Régions Arides, Nahel, Gabès, 6051, Tunisia
| | - Walid Elfalleh
- Unité de Recherche Catalyse et Matériaux pour l'Environnement et les Procédés URCMEP (UR11ES85), Faculté des Sciences de Gabès/Université de Gabès, Campus Universitaire Cité Erriadh, Gabès, 6072, Tunisia
| | - José María García Beltrán
- Fish Innate Immune System Group. Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - M Ángeles Esteban
- Fish Innate Immune System Group. Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Mansour Haddad
- Laboratoire d'Aridocultures et des Cultures Oasiennes, Institut des Régions Arides, Nahel, Gabès, 6051, Tunisia
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Chait YA, Gunenc A, Bendali F, Hosseinian F. Simulated gastrointestinal digestion and in vitro colonic fermentation of carob polyphenols: Bioaccessibility and bioactivity. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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21
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Faramarzi A, Aghaz F, Bakhtiari M, Khazaei M. In vitro application of Ceratonia siliqua improved sperm parameters and chromatin quality after vitrifacation in normozoospermic aged men. MIDDLE EAST FERTILITY SOCIETY JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s43043-019-0007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Vitrification is the main technique in the assisted reproductive technique (ART) labs. Sperm vitrification exposes sperm to damage. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of Ceratonia siliqua (C. siliqua) application on sperm parameters and chromatin quality in normozoospermic aged men. Semen samples (n = 40) were collected from normozoospermic men over 45 years old. Each specimen was divided into four aliquots to form the subsequent groups: fresh (group I), vitrification without treatment (group II), vitrification with the medium supplemented by 20 μg/ml C. siliqua (group III), and vitrification with the thawing medium supplemented by 20 μg/ml C. siliqua (group IV). Sperm progressive motility, normal morphology and viability were assessed. Also, sperm chromatin quality was evaluated by aniline blue (AB), toluidine blue (TB), and sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) staining.
Results
Vitrification caused a significant decrease in sperm progressive motility, normal morphology and viability as well as chromatin quality compared to fresh samples (p < 0.05). Supplementation of vitrification/thawing medium with C. siliqua significantly improved sperm progressive motility, normal morphology, viability, and chromatin quality compared to vitrification without any supplementation (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
The study showed that C. siliqua can improve the detrimental effect of vitrification on sperm parameters and chromatin quality of normozoospermic aged men.
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Rodríguez-Solana R, Coelho N, Santos-Rufo A, Gonçalves S, Pérez-Santín E, Romano A. The Influence of In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion on the Chemical Composition and Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibitory Capacities of Carob Liqueurs Obtained with Different Elaboration Techniques. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E563. [PMID: 31744100 PMCID: PMC6912352 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8110563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Carob liqueur is a traditional Mediterranean alcoholic beverage obtained via a wide range of production techniques contributing to the different organoleptic attributes of the final product. The aim of this research was to evaluate the stability of the chemical composition and biological capacities (antioxidant and enzyme inhibition) under in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion of liqueurs prepared by flavouring the fig spirit with carob pulp by maceration, distillation, percolation, or aqueous and hydro-alcoholic infusions. For this purpose, the phenolic and furanic compositions, the total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) contents, antioxidant capacity (AC), and enzyme inhibitory potential against acethylcholinesterase, tyrosinase, α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes were evaluated. The content of gallic acid decreased after gastrointestinal digestion, while TPC, TFC, and AC significantly increased after each digestion phase. Overall, no significantly different enzyme inhibitions (p < 0.05) were observed among digested liqueurs, with moderate inhibition against acethylcholinesterase and tyrosinase (enzymes related with neurodegenerative diseases), and potent and low inhibitory capacities for α-glucosidase and α-amylase, respectively (ideal conditions employed in antidiabetic therapy). The study indicates that hydro-alcoholic infusion and maceration were the most appropriate methods to obtain liqueurs with higher values of the aforementioned parameters and safe levels of toxic furanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Rodríguez-Solana
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (MeditBio), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (N.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Natacha Coelho
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (MeditBio), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (N.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Antonio Santos-Rufo
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Area of Crop Protection, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (IFAPA), Centro ‘Alameda del Obispo’, Apartado 3092, 14080 Cordoba, Spain;
| | - Sandra Gonçalves
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (MeditBio), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (N.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Efrén Pérez-Santín
- Graduate School of Engineering and Technology, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR), Av. de la Paz, 137, Logroño, 26006 La Rioja, Spain;
| | - Anabela Romano
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (MeditBio), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (N.C.); (S.G.)
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Sadat SS, Mohammadi S, Sazegar G, Fazel A, Ebrahimzadeh A, Ghayour Mobarhan M, Beheshti F, Attari SS, Tavallaei S. Effects of Carob Fruit Extract on Spermatogenesis, Antioxidant Status, and Apoptosis in Adult Male Mice. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.15171/ps.2019.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Certain plants stimulate spermatogenesis and increase fertility; in contrast, some plants arrest the spermatogenesis cycle. Ceratonia siliqua is an herb plant with a strong antioxidant property. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of carob fruit extract on spermatogenesis, testicular apoptosis, and oxidative stress in adult male mice. Methods: Forty adult male mice were randomly divided into five groups: control, sham, and carob 1–3. The sham group was injected with normal saline and the carob 1–3 groups were injected with 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg of the carob fruit extract intraperitoneally for 14 days, respectively. At the end of the injection period, spermatogenesis, testicular apoptosis, and oxidative stress were examined. Results: The sperm parameters increased in the mice that received 200 mg/kg of carob compared to the sham group (p <0.05). There was a significant increase in the weight index of the epididymis in the carob 3 group in comparison to the sham group (p = 0.01). The number of positive tunnel cells was not statistically significant between different groups (p>0.05). The level of malondialdehyde decreased in the carob 1 and carob 3 groups, but this reduction was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). In addition, the statistical analysis showed a significant difference in the mean superoxide dismutase levels in the carob 2 and carob 3 groups in comparison to the sham group (p ≤ 0.001). The statistical analysis showed a significant increase in the mean level of the catalase enzyme in the carob 1 group in comparison to the sham (p = 0.02), and carob 2 groups (p = 0.008). Conclusion: The administration of 200 mg of the carob fruit extract for 14 days increased the testicular index as well as sperm parameters and decreased the level of oxidative stress in the testicular tissue of adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Sadegh Sadat
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shabnam Mohammadi
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ghasem Sazegar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Fazel
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Ebrahimzadeh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Ghayour Mobarhan
- Biochemistry of Nutritional Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farimah Beheshti
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Saleheh Attari
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shima Tavallaei
- Biochemistry of Nutritional Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
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Zhu BJ, Zayed MZ, Zhu HX, Zhao J, Li SP. Functional polysaccharides of carob fruit: a review. Chin Med 2019; 14:40. [PMID: 31583011 PMCID: PMC6767635 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-019-0261-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides in carob fruit, including carob bean gum (also known as carob gum, locust bean gum) and carob fiber, are widely used in industries such as food, pharmaceuticals, paper, textile, oil well drilling and cosmetics. Carob bean gum is a galactomannan obtained from the seed endosperm of carob tree and the fiber is obtained by removing most of soluble carbohydrates in carob pulp by water extraction. Both the gum and fiber are beneficial to health for many diseases such as diabetes, bowel movements, heart disease and colon cancer. This article reviewed the composition, properties, food applications and health benefits of polysaccharides from carob fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, 999078 China
| | - Mohamed Zaky Zayed
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, 999078 China.,2Forestry & Wood Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hua-Xu Zhu
- 3Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, 999078 China
| | - Shao-Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, 999078 China
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Abidar S, Yildiz O, Degirmenci A, Amakran A, El Maadoudi M, Nhiri M. Glucose-mediated protein glycation: Contribution of methanolic extract of Ceratonia siliqua L. in protection and in vitro potential inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e13009. [PMID: 31393019 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycemia presents the major etiology of diabetes mellitus and related complications mainly Alzheimer's disease, via the protein glycation and toxic products generated. In the current study, we investigated the eventual protective effect of the methanolic extract of Ceratonia siliqua L. (CsME) against glucose-mediated glycation in serum bovine albumin. The multi-stage glycation markers, namely fructosamines and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) levels were monitored along with measurement of thiol groups; moreover, the in vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition potential was carried out. HPLC was also assessed. Rutin was the main phenolic compound found in CsME. CsME showed a good capacity to inhibit AGEs, fructosamines and protected thiol groups against glycation. CsME exhibited a great AChE inhibition activity. In the present study, CsME prevented glucose-induced protein glycation, it also exhibited a good inhibition of AChE, suggesting its DM complications such as memory troubles related to AD. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Neurodegenerative disorders ranging from memory troubles to Alzheimer's disease present the most diabetes mellitus complications and mainly attributed to protein glycation process. Currently, there is a strong trend to search for efficient natural sources of glycation and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors to replace the synthetic ones, whose secondary effects were shown. The present article tries to justify scientifically the wide use of Ceratonia siliqua L. in Moroccan folk medicine, demonstrating that the methanolic extract of leaves from this species presents a promising source of new natural compounds inhibiting acetylcholinesterase and acting in vitro against glycation generated compounds. Furthermore, for the first time, Rutin was the main phenolic compound found in this extract, these encouraging results should be coupled with further studies to integrate it in pharmaceutical formulations. As such, this paper should be of interest to a broad readership, including those interested in Biochemistry, Phytochemistry, pharmacology, and neurosciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Abidar
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Tanger Principal, Morocco
| | - Oktay Yildiz
- Maçka VHS, Department of Food Processing, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Atiye Degirmenci
- Maçka VHS, Department of Food Processing, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Amina Amakran
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Tanger Principal, Morocco
| | - Mohammed El Maadoudi
- Laboratoire Régional d'Analyses et de Recherches de l'ONSSA (office national de sécurité sanitaire des produits alimentaires), Tanger, Maroc
| | - Mohamed Nhiri
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Tanger Principal, Morocco
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26
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Faramarzi A, Aghaz F, Golestan Jahromi M, Bakhtiari M, Khazaei M. Does supplementation of sperm freezing/thawing media with Ceratonia siliqua improve detrimental effect of cryopreservation on sperm parameters and chromatin quality in normozoospermic specimens? Cell Tissue Bank 2019; 20:403-409. [PMID: 31313030 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-019-09779-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Human sperm banking is an important procedure in the assisted reproductive technique centers. It entails sperm damage. The aim of this study was to investigate beneficial effect of Ceratonia siliqua (C. siliqua) supplement in freezing/thawing media on post thaw sperm parameters and sperm chromatin quality in normozoospermic samples. Forty normozoospermic specimens were included in this prospective study. Each sample was divided into ten groups. In groups one to five, 0 (as control group) 5, 10, 20 and 30 µg/ml C. siliqua were added to freezing medium and in groups six to ten, similar concentration of C. siliqua were added to thawing medium for 30 min incubation. Sperm concentration, progressive motility, normal morphology, viability, aniline blue (AB), toluidine blue (TB) and sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) staining tests were evaluated before vitrification and after thawing. The results showed that 10 and 20 µg/ml supplementation of C. siliqua in freezing/thawing media significantly increased progressive motility, normal morphology and viability of sperm (p < 0.05) as well as decreased AB, TB and SCD (p < 0.05). Also, 20 µg/ml had significantly higher improvement compared to 10 µg/ml C. siliqua (p < 0.05). The present study showed that C. siliqua supplemented freezing/thawing media can improve sperm quality of normozoospermic samples after freezing/thawing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azita Faramarzi
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, Medical School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farank Aghaz
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Mitra Bakhtiari
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, Medical School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mozafar Khazaei
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. .,Department of Anatomical Sciences, Medical School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Lakkab I, El Hajaji H, Lachkar N, Lefter R, Ciobica A, El Bali B, Lachkar M. Ceratonia siliqua L. seed peels: Phytochemical profile, antioxidant activity, and effect on mood disorders. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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Oyenihi AB, Smith C. Are polyphenol antioxidants at the root of medicinal plant anti-cancer success? JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 229:54-72. [PMID: 30287197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Given the severe side effects associated with most of the conventional cancer medications, as well as the expanding body of evidence indicating secondary toxicity of these drugs, individuals with cancer are increasingly turning to natural alternatives. Similarly, the pharmaceutical industry is in search of natural products to treat cancer. An understanding of the specific active components in plant products with which anti-cancer efficacy is achieved is required for this research to move forward. AIM OF THE STUDY To integrate data from cancer-relatestudies on plant-derived products or extracts, to elucidate whether these products may have similar active ingredients and/or mechanisms of action, that can explain their efficacy. This review also includes a discussion of the methodological complexities and important considerations involved in accurate isolation and characterisation of active substances from plant material. CONCLUSIONS From the literature reviewed, most plant products with consistently reported anti-cancer efficacy contains high levels of polyphenols or other potent antioxidants and their mechanisms of action correlate to that reported for isolated antioxidants in the context of cancer. This suggests that natural products may indeed become the panacea against this chronic disease - either as therapeutic medicine strategy or to serve as templates for the design of novel synthetic drugs. The recommendation is made that antioxidant activity of plant actives and especially polyphenols, should be the focus of anti-cancer drug discovery initiatives. Lastly, researchers are advised to exploit current techniques of chemical compound characterisation when investigating polyphenol-rich plants to enable the easy consolidation of research findings from different laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Oyenihi
- Dept Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - C Smith
- Dept Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa.
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Farag MA, El-Kersh DM, Ehrlich A, Choucry MA, El-Seedi H, Frolov A, Wessjohann LA. Variation in Ceratonia siliqua pod metabolome in context of its different geographical origin, ripening stage and roasting process. Food Chem 2019; 283:675-687. [PMID: 30722926 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.12.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Carob is a legume tree of a considerable commercial importance for the flavor and sweet industry. In this context, it is cultivated mostly for its pods, which are known for their nutritive value and multiple health benefits. However, metabolite patterns, underlying these properties are still mostly uncharacterized. In this study, the role of geographical origin, ontogenetic changes and thermal processing on the Ceratonia siliqua pod metabolome was assessed by mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolomics. Thereby, a total of 70 fruits primary metabolites, represented mainly by carbohydrates, organic and amino acids were detected. Analysis of secondary bioactive metabolites assessed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-HR-MS) revealed in total 83 signals. The major signals, most significantly contributing in discrimination of C. siliqua specimens were assigned to tannins and flavonoids. PCA models derived from either UHPLC-MS or GC-MS proved to be powerful tools for discrimination of C. siliqua specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini St., P.B. 11562 Cairo, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt.
| | - Dina M El-Kersh
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), 11837, Egypt
| | - Anja Ehrlich
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Dept. Bioorganic Chemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Mouchira A Choucry
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini St., P.B. 11562 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hesham El-Seedi
- Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, Box 574, SE-75 123 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Andrej Frolov
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Dept. Bioorganic Chemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; Department of Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034, Russia
| | - Ludger A Wessjohann
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Dept. Bioorganic Chemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Stavrou IJ, Christou A, Kapnissi-Christodoulou CP. Polyphenols in carobs: A review on their composition, antioxidant capacity and cytotoxic effects, and health impact. Food Chem 2018; 269:355-374. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.06.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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31
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Vafaei A, Mohammadi S, Fazel A, Soukhtanloo M, Mohammadipour A, Beheshti F. Effects of Carob (Ceratonia siliqua) on Sperm Quality, Testicular Structure, Testosterone Level and Oxidative Stress in Busulfan-Induced Infertile Mice. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.15171/ps.2018.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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32
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Lakkab I, Hajaji HE, Lachkar N, Bali BE, Lachkar M, Ciobica A. Phytochemistry, bioactivity: suggestion of Ceratonia siliqua L. as neurodegenerative disease therapy. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 15:jcim-2018-0013. [PMID: 29813031 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2018-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.) is one of the most widespread medicinal plants in the Mediterranean area. Traditionally, it was cultivated for its ethnopharmacological benefits and, more especially, for the seeds, which served as unit of measurement of jewelers "carat." Hence, in the last half-century, numerous studies reported a wide range of phytoconstituents contained in all parts of Ceratonia siliqua such as phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, anthocyanins, alkaloids, glycosides, proteins and minerals. This review article unveils the phytochemical constituents, bioactivity and pharmacological studies of Ceratonia siliqua. Recent studies have shown that the extracts of this plant exhibit an antioxidant, antidiarrheal, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic activities and also hepatoprotective and antiproliferative effects. In this review, we provide a summary of the most interesting data related to bioactivity and therapeutic potential of Ceratonia siliqua in a way to suggest possible future studies that may use Ceratonia siliqua as an undeniable natural alternative for neurodegenerative diseases treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Lakkab
- Engineering Laboratory of Organometallic and Molecular Materials "LIMOM", Faculty of Sciences, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Po. Box 1796 (Atlas), Fez30000, Morocco
| | - Hanane El Hajaji
- Engineering Laboratory of Organometallic and Molecular Materials "LIMOM", Faculty of Sciences, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Po. Box 1796 (Atlas), Fez30000, Morocco
| | - Nadya Lachkar
- Engineering Laboratory of Organometallic and Molecular Materials "LIMOM", Faculty of Sciences, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Po. Box 1796 (Atlas), Fez30000, Morocco
| | - Brahim El Bali
- Engineering Laboratory of Organometallic and Molecular Materials "LIMOM", Faculty of Sciences, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Po. Box 1796 (Atlas), Fez30000, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Lachkar
- Engineering Laboratory of Organometallic and Molecular Materials "LIMOM", Faculty of Sciences, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Po. Box 1796 (Atlas), Fez30000, Morocco
| | - Alin Ciobica
- Department of Research, Faculty of Biology, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iasi, Carol I Avenue, N∘ 20A, Iasi, Romania
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Deans BJ, Skierka BE, Karagiannakis BW, Vuong D, Lacey E, Smith JA, Bissember AC. Siliquapyranone: A Tannic Acid Tetrahydropyran-2-one Isolated from the Leaves of Carob (Ceratonia siliqua) by Pressurised Hot Water Extraction. Aust J Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/ch18265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Studies of the phytochemistry of carob (Ceratonia siliqua) leaf material are extremely limited. This report features the second natural product isolation study of carob leaves and the first such investigation of C. siliqua grown in Australia. Investigation of leaf material from seven carob cultivars using pressurised hot water extraction (PHWE) revealed the presence of high levels of myricitrin, d-pinitol, and sucrose in addition to the previously unreported natural product siliquapyranone {(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-(((2S,4S)-2-methyl-6-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)oxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4-diyl bis(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate)}. Siliquapyranone represents a biosynthetic fusion of conventional 2,3-gallate esters on a β-glucose tannin with a hydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one-related non-tannin tetrahydropyran-2-one, parasorboside. Preliminary biological testing indicates that siliquapyranone exhibits weak activity against both tumour and normal cell lines. This suggests that, like most tannins and parasorboside, siliquapyranone may act as an antifeedant.
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Loullis A, Pinakoulaki E. Carob as cocoa substitute: a review on composition, health benefits and food applications. Eur Food Res Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-017-3018-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Aboura I, Nani A, Belarbi M, Murtaza B, Fluckiger A, Dumont A, Benammar C, Tounsi MS, Ghiringhelli F, Rialland M, Khan NA, Hichami A. Protective effects of polyphenol-rich infusions from carob (Ceratonia siliqua) leaves and cladodes of Opuntia ficus-indica against inflammation associated with diet-induced obesity and DSS-induced colitis in Swiss mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:1022-1035. [PMID: 29221725 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we have investigated the effects of polyphenol-rich infusions from carob leaves and OFI-cladodes on inflammation associated with obesity and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis in Swiss mice. In vitro studies revealed that aqueous extracts of carob leaves and OFI-cladodes exhibited anti-inflammatory properties marked by the inhibition of IL-6, TNF-α and nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells concomitant with NF-κβ nucleus translocation inhibition. For in vivo investigations, Swiss male mice were subjected to control or high fat diet (HFD). At the 8th week after the start of study, animals received or not 1% infusion of either carob leaves or OFI-cladode for 4 weeks and were subjected to 2% DSS administration in drinking water over last 7 days. After sacrifice, pro-inflammatory cytokines levels in plasma and their mRNA expression in different organs were determined. Results showed that carob leaf and OFI-cladode infusions reduced inflammation severity associated with HFD-induced obesity and DSS-induced acute colitis indicated by decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines expression (as such TNF-α, IL1b and IL-6) in colon, adipose tissue and spleen. In addition, plasma levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were also curtailed in response to infusions treatment. Thus, carob leaf and OFI-cladode infusions prevented intestinal permeability through the restoration of tight junction proteins (Zo1, occludins) and immune homeostasis. Hence, the anti-inflammatory effect of carob leaves and OFI-cladodes could be attributed to their polyphenols which might alleviate inflammation severity associated with obesity and colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikram Aboura
- INSERM U1231, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; Laboratory of Natural Products, University of Abou-Bekr Belkaid, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
| | - Abdelhafid Nani
- INSERM U1231, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; Laboratory of Natural Products, University of Abou-Bekr Belkaid, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria; Department of Natural and Life Sciences, African University Ahmed Draia, Adrar, Algeria.
| | - Meriem Belarbi
- Laboratory of Natural Products, University of Abou-Bekr Belkaid, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
| | - Babar Murtaza
- INSERM U1231, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Aurélie Fluckiger
- INSERM U1231, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Adélie Dumont
- INSERM U1231, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Chahid Benammar
- Laboratory of Natural Products, University of Abou-Bekr Belkaid, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
| | - Moufida Saidani Tounsi
- Laboratoire des Plantes Aromatiques et Médicinales, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cédria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | | | - Mickaël Rialland
- INSERM U1231, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Naim Akhtar Khan
- INSERM U1231, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Aziz Hichami
- INSERM U1231, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France.
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Picariello G, Sciammaro L, Siano F, Volpe MG, Puppo MC, Mamone G. Comparative analysis of C -glycosidic flavonoids from Prosopis spp. and Ceratonia siliqua seed germ flour. Food Res Int 2017; 99:730-738. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Rtibi K, Selmi S, Grami D, Amri M, Eto B, El-Benna J, Sebai H, Marzouki L. Chemical constituents and pharmacological actions of carob pods and leaves (Ceratonia siliqua L.) on the gastrointestinal tract: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 93:522-528. [PMID: 28686965 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.06.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Carob tree, Ceratonia siliqua L., is a medicinal plant used in Tunisian traditional medicine for the treatment of the gastro-intestinal (GI) disorders. In this respect, a relatively large number of scientific publications on the carob tree have been published in recent years. Therefore, the present review was aimed to analyze the traditional uses, phytochemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Ceratonia siliqua on the GI tract. Indeed, previous investigations on the carob pods and leaves have revealed the presence of a number of compounds including high amounts of carbohydrates, dietary fibers, minerals, polyphenols, flavonoids and low amounts of protein and lipids. This plant possesses anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-diarrheique, antioxidant, anti-ulcer, anti-constipation and anti-absorptive of glucose activities in the gastrointestinal tract. Based on the chemical and pharmacological characteristics of C. siliqua, we concluded that this species has beneficial preventive and therapeutic properties, especially, in digestive tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaïs Rtibi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bioressources-Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, B.P. 382-9000, Béja, Tunisia; Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie Fonctionnelle et Pathologies, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Slimen Selmi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bioressources-Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, B.P. 382-9000, Béja, Tunisia
| | - Dhekra Grami
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bioressources-Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, B.P. 382-9000, Béja, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Amri
- Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie Fonctionnelle et Pathologies, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Bruno Eto
- TransCell-Lab, Faculty of Medicine X. Bichat, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Jamel El-Benna
- INSERM U1149 Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine X. Bichat, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Hichem Sebai
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bioressources-Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, B.P. 382-9000, Béja, Tunisia
| | - Lamjed Marzouki
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bioressources-Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, B.P. 382-9000, Béja, Tunisia; Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie Fonctionnelle et Pathologies, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
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Carob leaf polyphenols trigger intrinsic apoptotic pathway and induce cell cycle arrest in colon cancer cells. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Zeriouh W, Nani A, Belarbi M, Dumont A, de Rosny C, Aboura I, Ghanemi FZ, Murtaza B, Patoli D, Thomas C, Apetoh L, Rébé C, Delmas D, Khan NA, Ghiringhelli F, Rialland M, Hichami A. Phenolic extract from oleaster (Olea europaea var. Sylvestris) leaves reduces colon cancer growth and induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in colon cancer cells via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170823. [PMID: 28212423 PMCID: PMC5315385 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary polyphenols, derived from natural products, have received a great interest for their chemopreventive properties against cancer. In this study, we investigated the effects of phenolic extract of the oleaster leaves (PEOL) on tumor growth in mouse model and on cell death in colon cancer cell lines. We assessed the effect of oleaster leaf infusion on HCT116 (human colon cancer cell line) xenograft growth in athymic nude mice. We observed that oleaster leaf polyphenol-rich infusion limited HCT116 tumor growth in vivo. Investigations of PEOL on two human CRC cell lines showed that PEOL induced apoptosis in HCT116 and HCT8 cells. We demonstrated an activation of caspase-3, -7 and -9 by PEOL and that pre-treatment with the pan-caspase inhibitor, N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone (z-VAD-fmk), prevented PEOL-induced cell death. We observed an involvement of the mitochondrial pathway in PEOL-induced apoptosis evidenced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, a decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential, and cytochrome c release. Increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration induced by PEOL represents the early event involved in mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis induced by PEOL, as ruthenium red, an inhibitor of mitochondrial calcium uptake inhibited apoptotic effect of PEOL, BAPTA/AM inhibited PEOL-induced ROS generation and finally, N-acetyl-L-cysteine reversed ER stress and apoptotic effect of PEOL. These results demonstrate that polyphenols from oleaster leaves might have a strong potential as chemopreventive agent in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafa Zeriouh
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Aboubekr Belkaid University, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Abdelhafid Nani
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Aboubekr Belkaid University, Tlemcen, Algeria.,Department of Natural and Life Sciences, African University Ahmed Draia, Adrar, Algeria.,INSERM U1231, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Meriem Belarbi
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Aboubekr Belkaid University, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Adélie Dumont
- INSERM U1231, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | | | - Ikram Aboura
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Aboubekr Belkaid University, Tlemcen, Algeria.,INSERM U1231, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Fatima Zahra Ghanemi
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Aboubekr Belkaid University, Tlemcen, Algeria.,INSERM U1231, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Babar Murtaza
- INSERM U1231, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Danish Patoli
- INSERM U1231, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Charles Thomas
- INSERM U1231, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Lionel Apetoh
- INSERM U1231, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Cédric Rébé
- INSERM U1231, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.,Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Dominique Delmas
- INSERM U1231, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Naim Akhtar Khan
- INSERM U1231, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - François Ghiringhelli
- INSERM U1231, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.,Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Mickael Rialland
- INSERM U1231, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Aziz Hichami
- INSERM U1231, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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Abstract
Burrata is an Italian fresh 'pasta filata' cheese made from cow's milk and cream that is rapidly spreading in Europe. It has very high caloric content, and a technological protocol was developed for producing a reduced-fat type and fortifying it with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of vegetable origin. A satisfactory reduced-fat prototype was obtained by using a 14% fat cream, which was specifically developed by diluting double cream with a suspension of carob seed flour. The composition of the new cheese changed with respect to the control, but the sensory characteristics were not impaired. Moisture increased from 62·6 to 68·4%, fat on dry matter decreased from 59·1 to 34·7%, and the caloric content decreased from 1060·8 to 718 J/100 g. Proteolysis and lipolysis were not affected by the technological modifications: after 7 d storage, the electrophoretic pattern of caseins and the free fatty acids profile of experimental and control cheeses were not significantly different. Fortification of reduced-fat Burrata with PUFA was obtained by using two commercial formulates available at a compatible price with the current economic values of the cheese. The two formulates derived from flaxseeds and Carthamus tinctorius oil and allowed enrichment in C18 :3 : n3 (α-linolenic acid, ALA), and 9cis,11trans- and 10trans,12cis- conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), respectively. Fortification was easy to perform under a technical point of view, but the negative sensory impact limited fortification at a maximum of 7·0 mg g-1 fat ALA and 6·8 g-1 fat CLA.
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Goulas V, Stylos E, Chatziathanasiadou MV, Mavromoustakos T, Tzakos AG. Functional Components of Carob Fruit: Linking the Chemical and Biological Space. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1875. [PMID: 27834921 PMCID: PMC5133875 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of natural products to the drug-discovery pipeline has been remarkable since they have served as a rich source for drug development and discovery. Natural products have adapted, during the course of evolution, optimum chemical scaffolds against a wide variety of diseases, including cancer and diabetes. Advances in high-throughput screening assays, assisted by the continuous development on the instrumentation's capabilities and omics, have resulted in charting a large chemical and biological space of drug-like compounds, originating from natural sources. Herein, we attempt to integrate the information on the chemical composition and the associated biological impact of carob fruit in regards to human health. The beneficial and health-promoting effects of carob along with the clinical trials and the drug formulations derived from carob's natural components are presented in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlasios Goulas
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos 3603, Cyprus.
| | - Evgenios Stylos
- Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Maria V Chatziathanasiadou
- Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Thomas Mavromoustakos
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11571 Athens, Greece.
| | - Andreas G Tzakos
- Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
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Al-Olayan EM, El-Khadragy MF, Alajmi RA, Othman MS, Bauomy AA, Ibrahim SR, Abdel Moneim AE. Ceratonia siliqua pod extract ameliorates Schistosoma mansoni-induced liver fibrosis and oxidative stress. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:434. [PMID: 27821159 PMCID: PMC5100080 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1389-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Schistosomiasis is a prevalent parasitic disease found predominantly in tropical and sub-tropical areas of the developing world, with the second highest socioeconomic and public health burden despite strenuous control efforts. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the ameliorative effects of Ceratonia siliqua pod extract (CPE) on liver fibrosis and oxidative stress in mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni. Methods The schistosomal hepatopathologic mouse model was established by tail immersion with schistosomal cercaria. The extract was given daily for 10 days beginning 42 days post-infection. Liver samples were obtained from mice sacrificed 9 weeks after infection. Liver histopathological changes were observed with hematoxylin-eosin and Masson trichrome staining. Results Typical schistosomal hepatopathologic changes were induced in the untreated mice. However, the oral administration of CPE was effective in reducing worm number and the egg load in the liver. This treatment also decreased granuloma size and collagen deposition by inhibiting tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2) expression. Schistosomal infection induced oxidative stress by increasing lipid peroxidation (LPO) and nitrite/nitrate (nitric oxide; NO) production along with concomitant decreases in glutathione (GSH) and various antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase. However, treatment of mice with CPE at 300 or 600 mg/kg inhibited LPO and NO production, increased GSH content, and restored the activities of the antioxidant enzymes compared with untreated infected mice. Furthermore, treatment with CPE inhibited apoptosis, as indicated by the reduced Bax expression in hepatic tissue. Conclusion These data indicated that extracts from Ceratonia siliqua pods may play an important role in combating schistosomal hepatopathology and may inhibit granuloma formation and liver fibrosis through down-regulation of TIMP-2 expression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-016-1389-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Rtibi K, Selmi S, Jabri MA, El-Benna J, Amri M, Marzouki L, Sebai H. Protective Effect of Ceratonia siliqua L. Against a Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Alterations in Liver and Kidney in Rat. J Med Food 2016; 19:882-9. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kaïs Rtibi
- Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie Fonctionnelle et Pathologies, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire El Manar II, Tunis, Tunisia
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bio-Ressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, Université de Jendouba, Béja, Tunisia
| | - Slimen Selmi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bio-Ressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, Université de Jendouba, Béja, Tunisia
| | - Mohammed-Amine Jabri
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bio-Ressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, Université de Jendouba, Béja, Tunisia
| | - Jamel El-Benna
- INSERM U773 Centre de Recherche Biomédicale, Faculté de Médecine X, Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Mohamed Amri
- Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie Fonctionnelle et Pathologies, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire El Manar II, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Lamjed Marzouki
- Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie Fonctionnelle et Pathologies, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire El Manar II, Tunis, Tunisia
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bio-Ressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, Université de Jendouba, Béja, Tunisia
| | - Hichem Sebai
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bio-Ressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, Université de Jendouba, Béja, Tunisia
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Sassi A, Bouhlel I, Mustapha N, Mokdad-Bzeouich I, Chaabane F, Ghedira K, Chekir-Ghedira L. Assessment in vitro of the genotoxicity, antigenotoxicity and antioxidant of Ceratonia siliqua L. extracts in murine leukaemia cells L1210 by comet assay. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 77:117-24. [PMID: 26946406 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Genotoxicity of Ceratonia siliqua extracts, was investigated by assessing their capacity to induce nucleus DNA degradation of murine leukaemia cells L1210, using the "Comet assay". The ability of total oligomer flavonoids (TOF) and aqueous extracts to protect cell DNA against oxidative stress induced by H2O2, was performed by pre- co or post-treatment of cells with the before mentioned extracts for different periods preceding exposure to H2O2 stress. No significant genotoxic effect was detected at different exposure times, except at the lowest concentration of TOF extract (16.25 μg/ml). It appears that extracts decreased DNA damage, induced by H2O2. Both of TOF and aqueous extracts exhibited cellular antioxidant capacity, with EC50 values of respectively <16.25 and < 35 μg/ml, as well as, a protective capacity against lipidperoxidation inducing using L1210 cells line as a cellular model. MDA inhibition percentages reached 88.43% and 90.52% with respectively 35.5 μg/ml of TOF extract and 70 μg/ml of aqueous extract. Antioxidant properties of carob leaf extracts revealed by our study make a good antioxidant protection and thus a good candidate as food addition component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aïcha Sassi
- Laboratoire de biologie cellulaire et moléculaire. Faculté de médecine dentaire. Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne 5000 Monastir, Tunisie; Unité de Substances Naturelles Bioactives et Biotechnologie « UR12ES12 ». Faculté de pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne 5000 Monastir, Tunisie
| | - Ines Bouhlel
- Laboratoire de biologie cellulaire et moléculaire. Faculté de médecine dentaire. Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne 5000 Monastir, Tunisie; Unité de Substances Naturelles Bioactives et Biotechnologie « UR12ES12 ». Faculté de pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne 5000 Monastir, Tunisie
| | - Nadia Mustapha
- Laboratoire de biologie cellulaire et moléculaire. Faculté de médecine dentaire. Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne 5000 Monastir, Tunisie; Unité de Substances Naturelles Bioactives et Biotechnologie « UR12ES12 ». Faculté de pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne 5000 Monastir, Tunisie
| | - Imen Mokdad-Bzeouich
- Laboratoire de biologie cellulaire et moléculaire. Faculté de médecine dentaire. Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne 5000 Monastir, Tunisie; Unité de Substances Naturelles Bioactives et Biotechnologie « UR12ES12 ». Faculté de pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne 5000 Monastir, Tunisie
| | - Fadwa Chaabane
- Laboratoire de biologie cellulaire et moléculaire. Faculté de médecine dentaire. Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne 5000 Monastir, Tunisie; Unité de Substances Naturelles Bioactives et Biotechnologie « UR12ES12 ». Faculté de pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne 5000 Monastir, Tunisie
| | - Kamel Ghedira
- Unité de Substances Naturelles Bioactives et Biotechnologie « UR12ES12 ». Faculté de pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne 5000 Monastir, Tunisie
| | - Leila Chekir-Ghedira
- Laboratoire de biologie cellulaire et moléculaire. Faculté de médecine dentaire. Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne 5000 Monastir, Tunisie; Unité de Substances Naturelles Bioactives et Biotechnologie « UR12ES12 ». Faculté de pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne 5000 Monastir, Tunisie.
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Rtibi K, Jabri MA, Selmi S, Sebai H, Amri M, El-Benna J, Marzouki L. Ceratonia siliqua leaves exert a strong ROS-scavenging effect in human neutrophils, inhibit myeloperoxydase in vitro and protect against intestinal fluid and electrolytes secretion in rats. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra11297h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are induced by biological, chemical and physical factors which are, in turn, associated with an increased risk of several human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaïs Rtibi
- Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie Fonctionnelle et Pathologies
- Département des Sciences Biologiques
- Faculté des Sciences de Tunis
- 2092 Tunis
- Tunisia
| | - Mohammed-Amine Jabri
- Laboratoire de Nutrition et Physiologie Animale
- Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja
- 382-9000 Béja
- Tunisia
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Intégrée
| | - Slimen Selmi
- Laboratoire de Nutrition et Physiologie Animale
- Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja
- 382-9000 Béja
- Tunisia
| | - Hichem Sebai
- Laboratoire de Nutrition et Physiologie Animale
- Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja
- 382-9000 Béja
- Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Amri
- Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie Fonctionnelle et Pathologies
- Département des Sciences Biologiques
- Faculté des Sciences de Tunis
- 2092 Tunis
- Tunisia
| | - Jamel El-Benna
- INSERM U773 Centre de Recherche Biomédicale
- Faculté de Médecine X. Bichat
- 75018 Paris
- France
| | - Lamjed Marzouki
- Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie Fonctionnelle et Pathologies
- Département des Sciences Biologiques
- Faculté des Sciences de Tunis
- 2092 Tunis
- Tunisia
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46
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El Bouzdoudi B, El Ansari ZN, Mangalagiu I, Mantu D, Badoc A, Lamarti A. Determination of Polyphenols Content in Carob Pulp from Wild and Domesticated Moroccan Trees. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2016.714177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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47
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Rtibi K, Jabri MA, Selmi S, Sebai H, Marie JC, Amri M, Marzouki L, El-Benna J. Preventive effect of carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) in dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in rat. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra21388f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are a common mechanism of many gastrointestinal diseases such ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaïs Rtibi
- Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie Fonctionnelle et Pathologies
- Département des Sciences Biologiques
- Faculté des Sciences de Tunis
- 2092 Tunis
- Tunisia
| | - Mohamed-Amine Jabri
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Intégrée
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte
- 7021 Zarzouna
- Tunisia
| | - Slimen Selmi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bio-Resssources
- Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja
- 382-9000 Béja
- Tunisia
| | - Hichem Sebai
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Intégrée
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte
- 7021 Zarzouna
- Tunisia
| | - Jean-Claude Marie
- INSERM U773 Centre de Recherche Biomédicale
- Faculté de Médecine X. Bichat
- 75018 Paris
- France
| | - Mohamed Amri
- Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie Fonctionnelle et Pathologies
- Département des Sciences Biologiques
- Faculté des Sciences de Tunis
- 2092 Tunis
- Tunisia
| | - Lamjed Marzouki
- Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie Fonctionnelle et Pathologies
- Département des Sciences Biologiques
- Faculté des Sciences de Tunis
- 2092 Tunis
- Tunisia
| | - Jamel El-Benna
- INSERM U773 Centre de Recherche Biomédicale
- Faculté de Médecine X. Bichat
- 75018 Paris
- France
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48
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Nasar-Abbas SM, E-Huma Z, Vu TH, Khan MK, Esbenshade H, Jayasena V. Carob Kibble: A Bioactive-Rich Food Ingredient. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2015; 15:63-72. [PMID: 33371575 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) is well known for its valuable locust bean gum obtained from the carob seeds. Separation of seeds from the pod leaves behind the carob kibble which is a good source of dietary fiber, sugars, and a range of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols and pinitol. Bioactive compounds present in carob kibble have been found to be beneficial in the control of many health problems such as diabetes, heart diseases, and colon cancer due to their antidiabetic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. Carob kibble has substantial potential to be used as a food ingredient. This article focuses on the composition, health benefits, and food applications of carob kibble.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed M Nasar-Abbas
- Dept. of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Technology, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Univ, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Zill- E-Huma
- Dept. of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Technology, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Univ, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia.,National Inst. of Food Science & Technology, Univ. of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Thi-Huong Vu
- Dept. of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Technology, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Univ, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Muhammad Kamran Khan
- Dept. of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Technology, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Univ, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia.,Dept. of Food Science, Government College Univ. Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Vijay Jayasena
- School of Science and Health, Wrestern Sydney Univ, Parramatta NSW 2150, Australia
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Almanasrah M, Brazinha C, Kallioinen M, Duarte LC, Roseiro LB, Bogel-Lukasik R, Carvalheiro F, Mänttäri M, Crespo JG. Nanofiltration and reverse osmosis as a platform for production of natural botanic extracts: The case study of carob by-products. Sep Purif Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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50
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Optimization of Purification, Identification and Evaluation of the in Vitro Antitumor Activity of Polyphenols from Pinus Koraiensis Pinecones. Molecules 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/molecules200610450 pmid: 26056816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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