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Semmate N, Elkharat Z, Bamouh Z, Touzani CD, Fellahi S, Fihri OF, Elharrak M. Pathogenicity and molecular characterization of Mycoplasma bovis isolate from calves in Morocco. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:2477-2484. [PMID: 37452236 PMCID: PMC10484885 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01061-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease caused by Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) represents a major health problem for cattle worldwide that causes considerable financial losses. This study reports for the first time the molecular and pathogenic characterization of a strain of M. bovis isolated from a dead local calf with respiratory symptoms in Morocco. M. bovis was isolated from lung tissue, purified by cloning, and subtyped using MLST analysis. Experimental infection was conducted in naïve calves to evaluate pathogenicity. The isolate was identified as a new subtype ST-204 that shares similarities with the 2019-2021 Spanish strains (ST-169, ST-170, ST-171) and the 2018 Algeria isolate (ST-4). Experimental infection resulted in fever and respiratory symptoms with serous nasal discharge. At postmortem, lung lesions of congestion and hepatization were observed with lymph node enlargement and foci of necrosis. The study confirms the high pathogenicity of the isolate and the important role of M. bovis in bovine respiratory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Semmate
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Public Health, Agronomic and Veterinary Institute Hassan II, Rabat-Instituts, BP: 6202, Rabat, Morocco.
- Department of Research and Development, Multi-Chemical Industry Santé Animale, Box 278, 28810, Mohammedia, Morocco.
| | - Zouhair Elkharat
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Public Health, Agronomic and Veterinary Institute Hassan II, Rabat-Instituts, BP: 6202, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Zahra Bamouh
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Public Health, Agronomic and Veterinary Institute Hassan II, Rabat-Instituts, BP: 6202, Rabat, Morocco
- Department of Research and Development, Multi-Chemical Industry Santé Animale, Box 278, 28810, Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - Charifa Drissi Touzani
- Department of Research and Development, Multi-Chemical Industry Santé Animale, Box 278, 28810, Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - Siham Fellahi
- Department of Research and Development, Multi-Chemical Industry Santé Animale, Box 278, 28810, Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - Ouafaa Fassi Fihri
- Department of Research and Development, Multi-Chemical Industry Santé Animale, Box 278, 28810, Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - Mehdi Elharrak
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Public Health, Agronomic and Veterinary Institute Hassan II, Rabat-Instituts, BP: 6202, Rabat, Morocco
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Guo Y, Xie X, Diao Z, Wang Y, Wang B, Xie K, Wang X, Zhang P. Detection and determination of spectinomycin and lincomycin in poultry muscles and pork by ASE-SPE-GC–MS/MS. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.103979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Oliveira TES, Pelaquim IF, Flores EF, Massi RP, Valdiviezo MJJ, Pretto-Giordano LG, Alfieri AA, Saut JPE, Headley SA. Mycoplasma bovis and viral agents associated with the development of bovine respiratory disease in adult dairy cows. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 67 Suppl 2:82-93. [PMID: 31232526 PMCID: PMC7228412 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The etiology and pathologic findings of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in adult dairy cows (n = 35) from a commercial dairy herd in Southern Brazil were investigated. Pulmonary samples were examined for histopathologic patterns and specific features within these patterns, while immunohistochemical (IHC) assays were designed to detect the intralesional antigens of viral infectious disease agents and Mycoplasma bovis. Pneumonia was diagnosed in 91.4% (32/35) of these cases; neither pneumonia nor any of the infectious disease pathogens evaluated occurred in three cows. The presence of multiple respiratory pathogens in 75% (24/32) of these cases indicated the complex origin of pneumonia in cattle. Interstitial pneumonia, necrosuppurative bronchopneumonia and suppurative bronchopneumonia were the principal patterns of pulmonary disease identified by histopathology. The most frequent pathogens identified by IHC were bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV; n = 18), M. bovis (n = 16) and bovine alphaherpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1; n = 14), followed by bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV; n = 11) and bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPIV-3; n = 5). Obliterative bronchiolitis and peribronchial lymphocytic cuffings were the characteristic histopathologic features associated with M. bovis. Necrohemorrhagic bronchitis with bronchial angiogenesis was associated with BoHV-1. Necrotizing bronchitis and bronchiolitis were associated with BVDV, BoHV-1 and BRSV. Ballooning degeneration of the bronchial and bronchiolar epithelia was associated with BRSV and BoHV-1. This is the first report from Brazil that correlated the histopathologic findings of BRD with the associated infectious disease agents by immunohistochemistry. M. bovis was frequently detected in the tissues of cows with fatal pulmonary disease during this study and may be a possible primary disease pathogen associated with the development of BRD in dairy cows. Additionally, the histopathologic features identified within patterns of pulmonary disease during this investigation may be an efficient diagnostic tool to associate histopathologic findings with specific agents of BRD in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalita Evani Silva Oliveira
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,National Institutes of Science and Technology, Dairy Production Chain (INCT-Leite; Brazil), Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Isadora Fernanda Pelaquim
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Furtado Flores
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Pelisson Massi
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Milton James Jiménez Valdiviezo
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lucienne Garcia Pretto-Giordano
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Amauri Alcindo Alfieri
- National Institutes of Science and Technology, Dairy Production Chain (INCT-Leite; Brazil), Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Elsen Saut
- Large Animal Health Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Selwyn Arlington Headley
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,National Institutes of Science and Technology, Dairy Production Chain (INCT-Leite; Brazil), Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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Emerging Antibiotic Resistance in Mycoplasma Microorganisms, Designing Effective and Novel Drugs / Therapeutic Targets: Current Knowledge and Futuristic Prospects. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.13.1.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Hananeh WM, Momani WMA, Ababneh MM, Abutarbush SM. Mycoplasma bovis arthritis and pneumonia in calves in Jordan: An emerging disease. Vet World 2019; 11:1663-1668. [PMID: 30774255 PMCID: PMC6362338 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.1663-1668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Clinical, microbiological, molecular, and pathological assays were undertaken to characterize an outbreak of increasingly reported signs of unresponsive arthritis and pneumonia of Mycoplasma bovis infection in young calves in Jordan. Materials and Methods: Clinical history of the affected bovine herd was investigated for the presence of respiratory and/or joint problems. Two calves with such history were clinically examined and necropsied. Representative tissues were sent for microbiological, molecular, and pathological examinations for M. bovis infection. Results: The outbreak started in a herd of 220 nursing calves, 2 months before the receiving of two calves for postmortem examination. Clinically, respiratory signs and infection of one or more joints dominated in the affected calves. The morbidity and case fatality rates were 27.27% and 61.7%, respectively. The left carpal joint was markedly swollen in both calves and exhibited necrofibrinous to granulomatous arthritis in varying degrees of severity. The anteroventral lung lobes in both calves were consistently affected and revealed multifocal to coalescing severe necrogranulomatous and fibrinopurulent bronchopneumonia. Microbiological and molecular findings confirmed the pathological examination. Furthermore, bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) was diagnosed in one calf by histopathology and polymerase chain reaction. Conclusion: This investigation reports the first outbreak of M. bovis infection in calves located in Jordan that could occur concurrently with BVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael M Hananeh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box, 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Waleed M Al Momani
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mustafa M Ababneh
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Sameeh M Abutarbush
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
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Mycoplasma bovis and bovine respiratory disease: A risk factor study in Australian feeder cattle. Prev Vet Med 2018; 157:152-161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Kanci A, Wawegama NK, Marenda MS, Mansell PD, Browning GF, Markham PF. Reproduction of respiratory mycoplasmosis in calves by exposure to an aerosolised culture of Mycoplasma bovis. Vet Microbiol 2017; 210:167-173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Li B, Zhou XZ, Niu JR, Wei XJ, Li JY, Yang YJ, Liu XW, Cheng FS, Zhang JY. EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF BAN HUANG ORAL LIQUID FOR TREATING BOVINE RESPIRATORY DISEASES. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES 2017; 14:47-59. [PMID: 28573221 PMCID: PMC5446465 DOI: 10.21010/ajtcam.v14i2.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ban Huang oral liquid was developed as a veterinary compound preparation by the Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS). The purpose of this study was to determine whether the oral liquid preparation of traditional Chinese medicine, Ban Huang, is safe and effective for treating respiratory diseases in cattle. MATERIALS AND METHODS Acute oral toxicity experiments were conducted in Wistar rats and Kunming mice via oral administration. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the drug against Mycoplasma bovis in vitro with the double dilution method was 500 mg/mL, indicating good sensitivity. The results of laboratory pathogen testing, analysis of clinical symptoms, and analysis of pathological anatomy were combined to diagnose bovine respiratory diseases in 147 Simmental cattle caused by mixed infections of M. bovis, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine parainfluenza virus type 3, and Mannheimia haemolytica. These cattle were randomly divided into three groups: drug treatment group 1 (treated via Tilmicosin injection), drug treatment group 2 (treated with Shuang Huang Lian oral liquid combined with Tilmicosin injection), and drug treatment group 3 (treated with Ban Huang oral liquid combined with Tilmicosin injection). Treatment effects were observed within 7 days. RESULTS The results showed no toxicity and a maximum tolerated dose greater than 20 g/kg BW. For the 87 cattle in drug-treatment group, the cure rate was 90.80%, whereas the response rate was 94.25%. The cure rate of drug treatment group was increased by 14.13% in comparison with that of drug control group 1 and by 7.47% in comparison with that of drug control group 2 (both P < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that Ban Huang oral liquid is a safe and effective treatment for bovine respiratory diseases, especially for mixed infection caused by M. bovis, bacteria, and viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xu-Zheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jian-Rong Niu
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Wei
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jian-Yong Li
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Ya-Jun Yang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xi-Wang Liu
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Fu-Sheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Ji-Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
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Devi VR, Poumarat F, Le Grand D, Rosengarten R, Hermeyer K, Hewicker-Trautwein M. Histopathological findings, phenotyping of inflammatory cells, and expression of markers of nitritative injury in joint tissue samples from calves after vaccination and intraarticular challenge with Mycoplasma bovis strain 1067. Acta Vet Scand 2014; 56:45. [PMID: 25162202 PMCID: PMC4236525 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-014-0045-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The pathogenesis of caseonecrotic lesions developing in lungs and joints of calves infected with Mycoplasma bovis is not clear and attempts to prevent M. bovis-induced disease by vaccines have been largely unsuccessful. In this investigation, joint samples from 4 calves, i.e. 2 vaccinated and 2 non-vaccinated, of a vaccination experiment with intraarticular challenge were examined. The aim was to characterize the histopathological findings, the phenotypes of inflammatory cells, the expression of class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC class II) molecules, and the expression of markers for nitritative stress, i.e. inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitrotyrosine (NT), in synovial membrane samples from these calves. Furthermore, the samples were examined for M. bovis antigens including variable surface protein (Vsp) antigens and M. bovis organisms by cultivation techniques. Results The inoculated joints of all 4 calves had caseonecrotic and inflammatory lesions. Necrotic foci were demarcated by phagocytic cells, i.e. macrophages and neutrophilic granulocytes, and by T and B lymphocytes. The presence of M. bovis antigens in necrotic tissue lesions was associated with expression of iNOS and NT by macrophages. Only single macrophages demarcating the necrotic foci were positive for MHC class II. Microbiological results revealed that M. bovis had spread to approximately 27% of the non-inoculated joints. Differences in extent or severity between the lesions in samples from vaccinated and non-vaccinated animals were not seen. Conclusions The results suggest that nitritative injury, as in pneumonic lung tissue of M. bovis-infected calves, is involved in the development of caseonecrotic joint lesions. Only single macrophages were positive for MHC class II indicating down-regulation of antigen-presenting mechanisms possibly caused by local production of iNOS and NO by infiltrating macrophages.
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Horwood PF, Schibrowski ML, Fowler EV, Gibson JS, Barnes TS, Mahony TJ. IsMycoplasma bovisa missing component of the bovine respiratory disease complex in Australia? Aust Vet J 2014; 92:185-91. [DOI: 10.1111/avj.12184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- PF Horwood
- Animal Science; Queensland Department of Agriculture, Fisheries & Forestry; St Lucia Queensland Australia
| | - ML Schibrowski
- The University of Queensland; School of Veterinary Science; Gatton Queensland Australia
- The University of Queensland; Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation; Centre for Animal Science; St Lucia Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - EV Fowler
- Animal Science; Queensland Department of Agriculture, Fisheries & Forestry; St Lucia Queensland Australia
| | - JS Gibson
- The University of Queensland; School of Veterinary Science; Gatton Queensland Australia
| | - TS Barnes
- The University of Queensland; Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation; Centre for Animal Science; St Lucia Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - TJ Mahony
- The University of Queensland; Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation; Centre for Animal Science; St Lucia Queensland 4072 Australia
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Gautier-Bouchardon AV, Ferré S, Le Grand D, Paoli A, Gay E, Poumarat F. Overall decrease in the susceptibility of Mycoplasma bovis to antimicrobials over the past 30 years in France. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87672. [PMID: 24503775 PMCID: PMC3913625 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma (M.) bovis is frequently implicated in respiratory diseases of young cattle worldwide. Today, to combat M. bovis in Europe, only antimicrobial therapy is available, but often fails, leading to important economical losses. The antimicrobial susceptibility of M. bovis is not covered by antimicrobial resistance surveillance networks. The objectives of this study were to identify resistances that were acquired over the last 30 years in France and to determine their prevalence within contemporary strains. The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) values of 12 antimicrobials, considered active on M. bovis, were compared, using an agar dilution method, between 27 and 46 M. bovis isolates respectively obtained in 1978-1979 and in 2010-2012 from 73 distinct respiratory disease outbreaks in young cattle all over France. For eight antimicrobials, resistances were proven to be acquired over the period and expressed by all contemporary strains. The increase of the MIC value that inhibited 50% of the isolates (MIC50) was: i) substantial for tylosin, tilmicosin, tulathromycin and spectinomycin, from 2 to >64, 2 to >128, 16 to 128 and 4 to >64 µg/mL, respectively, ii) moderate for enrofloxacin, danofloxacin, marbofloxacin and oxytetracycline, from 0.25 to 0.5, 0.25 to 0.5, 0.5 to 1, 32 to >32 µg/mL, respectively. No differences were observed for gamithromycin, tildipirosin, florfenicol and valnemulin with MIC50 of 128, 128, 8, <0.03 µg/mL, respectively. If referring to breakpoint MIC values published for respiratory bovine pathogens, all contemporary isolates would be intermediate in vivo for fluoroquinolones and resistant to macrolides, oxytetracycline, spectinomycin and florfenicol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne V. Gautier-Bouchardon
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Ploufragan/Plouzané, Unité Mycoplasmologie-Bactériologie, Ploufragan, France
- Université Européenne de Bretagne, Rennes, France
| | - Séverine Ferré
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Ploufragan/Plouzané, Unité Mycoplasmologie-Bactériologie, Ploufragan, France
- Université Européenne de Bretagne, Rennes, France
| | - Dominique Le Grand
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Lyon, UMR Mycoplasmoses des Ruminants, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, UMR Mycoplasmoses des Ruminants, Marcy L’Etoile, France
| | - Agnès Paoli
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Lyon, UMR Mycoplasmoses des Ruminants, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, UMR Mycoplasmoses des Ruminants, Marcy L’Etoile, France
| | - Emilie Gay
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Lyon, Unité Epidémiologie, Lyon, France
| | - François Poumarat
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Lyon, UMR Mycoplasmoses des Ruminants, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, UMR Mycoplasmoses des Ruminants, Marcy L’Etoile, France
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Arcangioli MA, Aslan H, Tardy F, Poumarat F, Grand DL. The use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to investigate the epidemiology of Mycoplasma bovis in French calf feedlots. Vet J 2012; 192:96-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2011.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2010] [Revised: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hermeyer K, Buchenau I, Thomasmeyer A, Baum B, Spergser J, Rosengarten R, Hewicker-Trautwein M. Chronic pneumonia in calves after experimental infection with Mycoplasma bovis strain 1067: characterization of lung pathology, persistence of variable surface protein antigens and local immune response. Acta Vet Scand 2012; 54:9. [PMID: 22305416 PMCID: PMC3287114 DOI: 10.1186/1751-0147-54-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 02/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mycoplasma bovis is associated with pneumonia in calves characterized by the development of chronic caseonecrotic lesions with the agent persisting within the lesion. The purposes of this study were to characterize the morphology of lung lesions, examine the presence of M. bovis variable surface protein (Vsp) antigens and study the local immune responses in calves after infection with M. bovis strain 1067. Methods Lung tissue samples from eight calves euthanased three weeks after experimental infection with M. bovis were examined by bacteriology and pathology. Lung lesions were evaluated by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for wide spectrum cytokeratin and for M. bovis Vsp antigens and pMB67 antigen. IHC identification and quantitative evaluation of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes and immunoglobulin (IgG1, IgG2, IgM, IgA)-containing plasma cells was performed. Additionally, expression of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC class II) was studied by IHC. Results Suppurative pneumonic lesions were found in all calves. In two calves with caseonecrotic pneumonia, necrotic foci were surrounded by epithelial cells resembling bronchial or bronchiolar epithelium. In all calves, M. bovis Vsp antigens were constantly present in the cytoplasm of macrophages and were also present extracellularly at the periphery of necrotic foci. There was a considerable increase in numbers of IgG1- and IgG2-positive plasma cells among which IgG1-containing plasma cells clearly predominated. Statistical evaluation of the numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, however, did not reveal statistically significant differences between inoculated and control calves. In M. bovis infected calves, hyperplasia of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) was characterized by strong MHC class II expression of lymphoid cells, but only few of the macrophages demarcating the caseonecrotic foci were positive for MHC class II. Conclusions The results from this study show that infection of calves with M. bovis results in various lung lesions including caseonecrotic pneumonia originating from bronchioli and bronchi. There is long-term persistence of M. bovis as demonstrated by bacteriology and immunohistochemistry for M. bovis antigens, i.e. Vsp antigens and pMB67. The persistence of the pathogen and its ability to evade the specific immune response may in part result from local downregulation of antigen presenting mechanisms and an ineffective humoral immune response with prevalence of IgG1 antibodies that, compared to IgG2 antibodies, are poor opsonins.
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Soehnlen M, Aydin A, Murthy K, Lengerich E, Hattel A, Houser B, Fenton G, Lysczek H, Burns C, Townsend A, Brooks J, Wolfgang D, Jayarao B. Epidemiology of Mycoplasma bovis in Pennsylvania veal calves. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:247-54. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Maunsell FP, Donovan GA. Mycoplasma bovis Infections in young calves. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2009; 25:139-77, vii. [PMID: 19174287 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2008.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis has emerged as an important pathogen of young intensively reared calves in North America. A variety of clinical diseases are associated with M bovis infections of calves, including respiratory disease, otitis media, arthritis, and some less common presentations. Clinical disease associated with M bovis often is chronic, debilitating, and poorly responsive to antimicrobial therapy. Current control measures are centered on reducing exposure to M bovis through contaminated milk or other sources, and nonspecific control measures to maximize respiratory defenses of the calf. This article focuses on the clinical and epidemiologic aspects of M bovis infections in young calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona P Maunsell
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110880, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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Radaelli E, Luini M, Loria G, Nicholas R, Scanziani E. Bacteriological, serological, pathological and immunohistochemical studies of Mycoplasma bovis respiratory infection in veal calves and adult cattle at slaughter. Res Vet Sci 2008; 85:282-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2007.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2007] [Revised: 10/11/2007] [Accepted: 11/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis is an important and emerging cause of respiratory disease and arthritis in feedlot cattle and young dairy and veal calves, and has a variety of other disease manifestations in cattle. M. bovis is certainly capable of causing acute respiratory disease in cattle, yet the attributable fraction has been difficult to estimate. In contrast, M. bovis is more accepted as a cause of chronic bronchopneumonia with caseous and perhaps coagulative necrosis, characterized by persistent infection that seems poorly responsive to many antibiotics. An understanding of the disease has been recently advanced by comparisons of natural and experimentally induced disease, development of molecular diagnostic tools, and understanding some aspects of virulence, yet uncertainties regarding protective immunity, the importance of genotypic diversity, mechanisms of virulence, and the role of co-pathogens have restricted our understanding of pathogenesis and our ability to effectively control the disease. This review critically considers the relationship between M. bovis infection and the various manifestations of the bovine respiratory disease complex, and addresses the pathogenesis, clinical and pathologic sequelae, laboratory diagnosis and control of disease resulting from M. bovis infection in the bovine respiratory tract.
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Apley M. Bovine respiratory disease: pathogenesis, clinical signs, and treatment in lightweight calves. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2006; 22:399-411. [PMID: 16814024 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2006.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
No matter what disease is being addressed, there are basic steps required for successful therapy. Failure to address each step systematically leaves a gap in the program that eventually shows up as inconsistency or failure in therapeutic efficacy. The focus in this article is on applying these steps in infectious bovine respiratory disease challenges in lightweight stocker calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Apley
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
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Rosenbusch RF, Kinyon JM, Apley M, Funk ND, Smith S, Hoffman LJ. In vitro antimicrobial inhibition profiles of Mycoplasma bovis isolates recovered from various regions of the United States from 2002 to 2003. J Vet Diagn Invest 2006; 17:436-41. [PMID: 16312234 DOI: 10.1177/104063870501700505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial therapy continues to be important in reducing losses due to pneumonic forms of Mycoplasma bovis disease in beef and dairy calves. Although M. bovis diseases have been documented as frequent and economically important in the United States, there are no published reports on the antimicrobial activity of approved compounds against US strains. In this study, the authors report on the activity of 9 different antimicrobials against 223 recently recovered isolates of M. bovis. These isolates represent accessions from 5 geographic regions of the United States and were grouped by 4 tissues of origin (milk, respiratory, joint, or ear and eye). A broth microdilution test was used to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values by reading redox changes detected in broth with alamarBlue (resazurin) indicator. For each antimicrobial, the median, MIC50, MIC90, mode, and range were calculated, and the values used for comparisons. In the absence of accepted breakpoint values, published MIC cutoff values for animal mycoplasmas as well as Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute interpretive criteria were used as a reference to define in vitro activity. The MIC values from active antimicrobials were found to distribute independently of region of origin of the isolates or of tissue of origin. Enrofloxacin, florfenicol, and spectinomycin were found to be active compounds in vitro. Oxytetracycline and chlortetracycline were active against more than half of the isolates. Very few isolates were inhibited by tilmicosin and none by erythromycin, ampicillin, or ceftiofur. The antimicrobial profiles determined for these US strains were remarkably similar to those reported for European isolates. However, unlike in Europe, there appears to be no diversity of profiles when US isolates are grouped by region or tissue of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo F Rosenbusch
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Thomas A, Nicolas C, Dizier I, Mainil J, Linden A. Antibiotic susceptibilities of recent isolates of Mycopasma bovis
in Belgium. Vet Rec 2003; 153:428-31. [PMID: 14582732 DOI: 10.1136/vr.153.14.428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The susceptibilities of 40 recent Belgian field isolates of Mycoplasma bovis to 10 antimicrobial agents were assessed. Tiamulin was the most active antimicrobial agent against M bovis, with an initial inhibitory concentration (IIC50) of 0.06 microg/ml, but it is not licensed for the treatment of cattle. All three fluoroquinolones tested (danofloxacin, enrofloxacin and marbofloxacin) were effective against strains of M bovis, and had a minimum mycoplasmacidal concentration (MMC50) less than or equal to 1 microg/ml. Gentamicin was poorly effective, having an IIC50 of 8 microg/ml. Many strains of M bovis were resistant to tylosin, spectinomycin, lincomycin, tetracycline and oxytetracycline.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Thomas
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, B43A, Sart Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
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21
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Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis is a major, but often overlooked, pathogen causing respiratory disease, mastitis, and arthritis in cattle. It is found worldwide and has spread into new areas, including Ireland and parts of South America, in the last decade. In Europe, it is responsible for at least a quarter to a third of all calf pneumonia although this may be an underestimate as few laboratories regularly monitor for mycoplasmas. Like all mollicutes, M. bovis is inherently refractory to certain groups of antibiotics because it does not possess a cell wall; furthermore evidence is accumulating that strains of M. bovis are becoming resistant to antibiotics, including tetracycline, tilmicosin and spectinomycin, traditionally used for their control. No vaccines are presently available for the control of M. bovis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A J Nicholas
- Mycoplasma Group, Department of Bacterial Diseases, Veterinary Laboratories Agency (Weybridge), Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK.
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