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Esteves PA, Dellagostin OA, da Silva TC, Spilki FR, da Silva AD'Á, Oliveira EAS, Franco AC, Hübner S, Chiminazzo C, Canal CW, Campos FS, Roehe PM. An indirect ELISA to detect antibodies to the gC of bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoAHV1) displaying no crossreactivity with antibodies induced by bovine alphaherpesvirus 5 (BoAHV5). J Virol Methods 2023; 320:114785. [PMID: 37516368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2023.114785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Seroprevalence of bovine alphaherpesvirus type 1 (BoAHV1) infections may be contaminated by crossreactive antibodies to bovine alphaherpesvirus type 5 (BoAHV5). To avoid such crossreactivity, an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay prepared with a recombinant glycoprotein C (gC) antigen (ELISA-gC1) was developed, aiming the detection of antibodies to BoAHV1, with no crossreactivity with BoAHV5 antibodies. The antigen for the ELISA-gC1 was the product of the expression of 219 bp from the N-terminal portion of the BoAHV1 gC gene, which bears low homology between the two virus types. The test was validated on 131 bovine serum samples, including 26 sera from BoAHV1-experimentally immunized, 38 sera from BoAHV5-experimentally infected or immunized calves, and 67 sera from calves seronegative for both BoAHV1 and BoAHV5, as determined by serum neutralization (SN). When compared to SN for BoAHV1, the ELISA-gC1 presented 100% sensitivity, 95.5 % specificity, 100 % negative predictive value, 89.6 % positive predictive value, 98.8 % precision, and a kappa correlation coefficient (κ) 0.95. None of the 38 BoAHV5-seropositive calves was detected by the ELISA-gC1. The ELISA-gC1 proved highly effective for the identification of BoAHV1-positive sera, with no crossreactivity with anti-BoAHV5 antibodies, thus able to distinguish serological responses from BoAHV1- and BoAHV5-seropositive cattle. Its capacity to detect BoAHV1-specific antibodies should allow the determination of the actual BoAHV1 prevalence in herds, which cannot be serologically determined in countries where BoAHV5 is also prevalent due to antibody crossreactivity. Apart from recognizing exclusively BoAHV1-infected cattle, the ELISA-gC1 may also be used in support of BoAHV5 epidemiological studies by allowing the exclusion of BoAHV1-seropositive animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Odir Antonio Dellagostin
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPEL), CEP 96010-900, Pelotas RS, Brazil
| | - Tamir Calcagnotto da Silva
- Equipe de Virologia, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Estrada do Conde 6000, CEP 92500-000 Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernando Rosado Spilki
- Universidade FEEVALE, Universidade Feevale, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Rodovia ERS-239 no. 2755, Vila Nova, CEP 93525 075 Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Eber Acácio Stodutto Oliveira
- Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Av. Getúlio Vargas, 1384 - Menino Deus, Porto Alegre CEP 90150-004, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Franco
- Laboratório de Virologia (LABVIR), Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia (DEMIP), Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600, sala 523, Porto Alegre CEP 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Silvia Hübner
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Departamento de Veterinária Preventiva, Campus Universitário s/n, CEP 96 160-000, Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Chiminazzo
- Equipe de Virologia, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Estrada do Conde 6000, CEP 92500-000 Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Wageck Canal
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 8824, CEP 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Souza Campos
- Laboratório de Virologia (LABVIR), Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia (DEMIP), Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600, sala 523, Porto Alegre CEP 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo Michel Roehe
- Laboratório de Virologia (LABVIR), Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia (DEMIP), Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600, sala 523, Porto Alegre CEP 90035-003, RS, Brazil.
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2
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Jefferson VA, Bostick H, Oldenburg D, Meyer F. Evidence of a Protein-Coding Gene Antisense to the U L5 Gene in Bovine Herpesvirus I. Viruses 2023; 15:1977. [PMID: 37896756 PMCID: PMC10610667 DOI: 10.3390/v15101977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) is an important agricultural pathogen that infects cattle and other ruminants worldwide. Though it was first sequenced and annotated over twenty years ago, the Cooper strain, used in this study, was sequenced as recently as 2012 and is currently said to encode 72 unique proteins. However, tandem mass spectrometry has identified several peptides produced during active infection that align with the BoHV-1 genome in unannotated regions. One of these abundant peptides, "ORF M", aligned antisense to the DNA helicase/primase protein UL5. This study characterizes the novel transcript and its protein product and provides evidence to support the existence of homolog protein-coding genes in other Herpesviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A. Jefferson
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology & Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, 32 Creelman St., Starkville, MS 39762, USA; (V.A.J.); (H.B.)
| | - Hannah Bostick
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology & Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, 32 Creelman St., Starkville, MS 39762, USA; (V.A.J.); (H.B.)
| | - Darby Oldenburg
- Gundersen Medical Foundation, 1900 South Ave., La Crosse, WI 54601, USA;
| | - Florencia Meyer
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology & Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, 32 Creelman St., Starkville, MS 39762, USA; (V.A.J.); (H.B.)
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Scheffer CM, Varela APM, Teixeira TF, Schmidt C, Cibulski SP, Dos Santos HF, Duarte PM, Campos FS, Franco AC, Roehe PM. Neutralizing antibodies to bovine and bubaline alphaherpesviruses in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:1231-1237. [PMID: 36897516 PMCID: PMC10235325 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-00930-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) have been introduced in many regions of the world as a source of animal protein. In many instances, bubaline cattle are reared close to or mixed with bovine or zebuine cattle. However, little is known about infectious diseases of bubaline and the interactions that may arise involving the microbiota of those species. Alphaherpesviruses of ruminants (bovine alphaherpesviruses types 1 and 5, BoHV-1, BoHV-5; bubaline alphaherpesvirus 1, BuHV-1) are highly cross-reactive in serological assays performed with bovine or zebuine sera. However, the profile of reactivity of bubaline cattle sera to alphaherpesviruses remains unknown. As such, it is not known which virus strain (or strains) would be most appropriate to be used as the challenge virus in the laboratory in search for alphaherpesvirus-neutralizing antibodies. In this study, the profile of neutralizing antibodies to alphaherpesviruses in bubaline sera was determined against different types/subtypes of bovine and bubaline alphaherpesviruses. Sera (n=339) were screened in a 24-h serum neutralization test (SN) against 100 TCID50 of each of the challenge viruses. From those, 159 (46.9 %) neutralized at least one of the viruses assayed; 131 (38.6%) sera neutralized the three viral strains used for screening. The viral strain that was neutralized by the largest number of sera was BoHV-5b A663 (149/159; 93.7%). A few sera neutralized only one of the challenge viruses: four sera neutralized BoHV-1 LA only; another neutralized BoHV-5 A663 only and four others neutralized BuHV-1 b6 only. SN testing with two additional strains gave rise to similar results, where maximum sensitivity (defined here as the largest number of sera that neutralized the challenge viruses) was obtained by adding positive results attained with three of the challenge strains. Differences in neutralizing antibody titers were not significant to allow inferences on which would be the most likely virus that induced the antibody responses detected here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Mengue Scheffer
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Veterinarias, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 91540-000, Brazil
- Equipe de Virologia, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Divisão de Defesa Sanitária Animal, SEAPDR, Governo do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Estrada do Conde 6000, Eldorado do Sul, RS, CEP: 92990-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Muterle Varela
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Veterinarias, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 91540-000, Brazil
- Equipe de Virologia, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Divisão de Defesa Sanitária Animal, SEAPDR, Governo do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Estrada do Conde 6000, Eldorado do Sul, RS, CEP: 92990-000, Brazil
| | - Thais Fumaco Teixeira
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Veterinarias, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 91540-000, Brazil
- Equipe de Virologia, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Divisão de Defesa Sanitária Animal, SEAPDR, Governo do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Estrada do Conde 6000, Eldorado do Sul, RS, CEP: 92990-000, Brazil
| | - Candice Schmidt
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Veterinarias, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 91540-000, Brazil
- Equipe de Virologia, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Divisão de Defesa Sanitária Animal, SEAPDR, Governo do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Estrada do Conde 6000, Eldorado do Sul, RS, CEP: 92990-000, Brazil
| | - Samuel Paulo Cibulski
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Veterinarias, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 91540-000, Brazil
- Equipe de Virologia, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Divisão de Defesa Sanitária Animal, SEAPDR, Governo do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Estrada do Conde 6000, Eldorado do Sul, RS, CEP: 92990-000, Brazil
| | - Helton Fernandes Dos Santos
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Veterinarias, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 91540-000, Brazil
- Equipe de Virologia, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Divisão de Defesa Sanitária Animal, SEAPDR, Governo do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Estrada do Conde 6000, Eldorado do Sul, RS, CEP: 92990-000, Brazil
| | - Phelipe Magalhães Duarte
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociência Animal, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n - Dois Irmãos, CEP, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Fabricio Souza Campos
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, sala 523, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Franco
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Veterinarias, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 91540-000, Brazil
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, sala 523, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Paulo Michel Roehe
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Veterinarias, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 91540-000, Brazil.
- Equipe de Virologia, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Divisão de Defesa Sanitária Animal, SEAPDR, Governo do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Estrada do Conde 6000, Eldorado do Sul, RS, CEP: 92990-000, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, sala 523, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-003, Brazil.
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4
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Righi C, Franzoni G, Feliziani F, Jones C, Petrini S. The Cell-Mediated Immune Response against Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) Infection and Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040785. [PMID: 37112697 PMCID: PMC10144493 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine Alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) is one of the major respiratory pathogens in cattle worldwide. Infection often leads to a compromised host immune response that contributes to the development of the polymicrobial disease known as “bovine respiratory disease”. After an initial transient phase of immunosuppression, cattle recover from the disease. This is due to the development of both innate and adaptive immune responses. With respect to adaptive immunity, both humoral and cell-mediated immunity are required to control infection. Thus, several BoHV-1 vaccines are designed to trigger both branches of the adaptive immune system. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on cell-mediated immune responses directed against BoHV-1 infection and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Righi
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giulia Franzoni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Francesco Feliziani
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Clinton Jones
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Stefano Petrini
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy
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5
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Ostler JB, Jones C. The Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Latency-Reactivation Cycle, a Chronic Problem in the Cattle Industry. Viruses 2023; 15:552. [PMID: 36851767 PMCID: PMC9966457 DOI: 10.3390/v15020552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) is a persistent and recurring disease that affects cattle worldwide. It is a major contributor to bovine respiratory disease and reproductive failure in the US. A major complication of BoHV-1 arises from the lifelong latent infection established in the sensory ganglia of the peripheral nervous system following acute infection. Lifelong latency is marked by periodic reactivation from latency that leads to virus transmission and transient immunosuppression. Physiological and environmental stress, along with hormone fluctuations, can drive virus reactivation from latency, allowing the virus to spread rapidly. This review discusses the mechanisms of the latency/reactivation cycle, with particular emphasis on how different hormones directly regulate BoHV-1 gene expression and productive infection. Glucocorticoids, including the synthetic corticosteroid dexamethasone, are major effectors of the stress response. Stress directly regulates BoHV-1 gene expression through multiple pathways, including β-catenin dependent Wnt signaling, and the glucocorticoid receptor. Related type 1 nuclear hormone receptors, the androgen and progesterone receptors, also drive BoHV-1 gene expression and productive infection. These receptors form feed-forward transcription loops with the stress-induced Krüppel-like transcription factors KLF4 and KLF15. Understanding these molecular pathways is critical for developing novel therapeutics designed to block reactivation and reduce virus spread and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clinton Jones
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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6
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Scheffer CM, Petzhold SA, Varela APM, Paim WP, Duarte PM, Loiko MR, Cerva C, Schmidt C, Wendlant A, Cibulski SP, de Lima DA, Tochetto C, dos Santos ACR, Herpich JI, Teixeira TF, dos Santos HF, Campos FS, Franco AC, Roehe PM. An ELISA to Detect Antibodies to Bovine Alphaherpesviruses 1 and 5 and Bubaline Alphaherpesvirus 1 in Cattle Sera. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10020110. [PMID: 36851414 PMCID: PMC9963938 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10020110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (subtypes 1.1, 1.2a, and 1.2b), type 5 (subtypes 5a, 5b, and 5c), and bubaline herpesvirus 1 (BuHV-1) induce highly, though not fully cross-reactive serological responses. Most types and subtypes of these viruses circulate particularly in countries of the southern hemisphere, notably Brazil and Argentina. Therefore, the detection of infected animals is important in defining prevention and control strategies, particularly when flocks are destined for international trade. Identification of infected herds is most often achieved by assays that detect antibodies, such as enzyme immunoassays (ELISAs). However, to date, no ELISA has been evaluated in its capacity to detect antibodies to these alphaherpesviruses. Here, an ELISA was developed to detect antibodies to all currently recognized BoAHV-1, BoAHV-5, and BuAHV-1 types/subtypes, and its sensitivity and specificity were determined. Six hundred bovine sera were screened in serum neutralization tests (SN) against the seven viruses. ELISAs prepared with each of the viruses were compared to SN. Subsequently, a combined assay with multiple antigens LISA was prepared by mixing five viral antigens, chosen for their highest sensitivity in the preparative assays. In comparison to SN, the mAgELISA sensitivity was 96.5% with 96.1% specificity (κ = 0.93; PPV = 95.0%; NPV = 97.3%). The findings reveal that the mAgELISA developed here is highly suitable for the detection of antibodies, comparable in sensitivity and specificity to that of SN when performed with all known types and subtypes of bovine and bubaline alphaherpesviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Mengue Scheffer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90650-002, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Eldorado do Sul 90150-004, Brazil
| | - Sylio Alfredo Petzhold
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90650-002, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Muterle Varela
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90650-002, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Eldorado do Sul 90150-004, Brazil
| | - Willian Pinto Paim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90650-002, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Eldorado do Sul 90150-004, Brazil
| | - Phelipe Magalhães Duarte
- Curso de Biomedicina, Campus Primavera do Leste, Universidade de Cuiabá, Cuiabá 78065-900, Brazil
| | - Márcia Regina Loiko
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90650-002, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Eldorado do Sul 90150-004, Brazil
| | - Cristine Cerva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90650-002, Brazil
| | - Candice Schmidt
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90650-002, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Eldorado do Sul 90150-004, Brazil
| | - Adrieli Wendlant
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90650-002, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Eldorado do Sul 90150-004, Brazil
| | - Samuel Paulo Cibulski
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90650-002, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Eldorado do Sul 90150-004, Brazil
| | - Diane Alves de Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90650-002, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Eldorado do Sul 90150-004, Brazil
| | - Caroline Tochetto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90650-002, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Eldorado do Sul 90150-004, Brazil
| | - Anne Caroline Ramos dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90650-002, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Eldorado do Sul 90150-004, Brazil
| | - Juliana Inês Herpich
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90650-002, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Eldorado do Sul 90150-004, Brazil
| | - Thais Fumaco Teixeira
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Eldorado do Sul 90150-004, Brazil
| | - Helton Fernandes dos Santos
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Eldorado do Sul 90150-004, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Souza Campos
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Franco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90650-002, Brazil
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Paulo Michel Roehe
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90650-002, Brazil
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Complete Genome Sequences of Two Bovine Alphaherpesvirus 5 Subtype C Strains from Southeast Brazil. Microbiol Resour Announc 2022; 11:e0122821. [PMID: 35142549 PMCID: PMC8830361 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01228-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine alphaherpesvirus 5 causes meningoencephalitis in cattle, belongs to the Herpesviridae family, and can be divided into subtypes a, b, and c. Limited information is available about subtype c. Here, we report the complete genome sequences of two strains, P160/96, and ISO97/45, isolated from cattle in southeast Brazil.
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8
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Characterization of BoHV-1 gG-/tk-/gE- Mutant in Differential Protein Expression, Virulence, and Immunity. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8110253. [PMID: 34822626 PMCID: PMC8621285 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8110253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), caused by bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), is an important disease affecting cattle worldwide resulting in great economic losses. Marker vaccines are effective in controlling infectious diseases including IBR, because they allow the discrimination between the natural infection and the vaccination. Therefore, a triple gene deleted strain BoHV-1 gG-/tk-/gE- was developed and evaluated in vivo and in vitro as a marker vaccine. In cell culture, this triple mutant virus showed significantly slower growth kinetics and smaller plaques when compared to wild-type (wt) BoHV-1 and double mutant BoHV-1 gG-/tk- (p < 0.01). On proteomic level, it revealed downregulation of some virulence related proteins including thymidine kinase, glycoproteins G, E, I, and K when compared to the wt. In vitro, the triple mutant virus showed a significantly lower and shorter viral shedding period (p < 0.001) in calves compared to double mutant. Moreover, the immunized calves with triple mutant virus showed protection rates of 64.2% and 68.6% against wt BoHV-1 and wt BoHV-5 challenge, respectively, without reactivation of latency after dexamethasone injection. In conclusion, BoHV-1 gG-/tk-/gE- is a safer marker vaccine against IBR although its immunogenicity in calves was decreased when compared to double mutant virus.
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Gonçalves VS, Santos FDS, Dos Santos Junior AG, Piraine REA, Rodrigues PRC, Brasil CL, Conrad NL, Leite FPL. Recombinant bovine IL17A acts as an adjuvant for bovine herpesvirus vaccine. Res Vet Sci 2021; 136:185-191. [PMID: 33677208 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The Bovine herpes virus type 5 glycoprotein D (gD) is essential for viral penetration into host permissive cells. The Herpes virus gD glycoprotein has been used for bovine immunization, being efficient in reduction of viral replication, shedding and clinical signs, however sterilizing immunity is still not achieved. Recombinant subunit vaccines are, in general, poorly immunogenic requiring additional adjuvant components. Interleukin 17A (IL17A) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine produced by T helper 17 cells that mediate mucosal immunity. IL17 production during vaccine-induced immunity is a requirement for mucosal protection to several agents. In this study, we investigated the potential of a recombinant IL17A to act as an adjuvant for a recombinant BoHV-5 glycoprotein D vaccine in cattle. Three cattle groups were divided as: group 1) rgD5 + alumen + rIL-17A; 2) rgD5 + alumen; and 3) PBS + alumen. The cattle (3 per group) received two doses of their respective vaccines at an interval of 21 days. The group that received rIL17 in its vaccine formulation at the 7th day after the prime immunization had significant higher levels of specific rgD-IgG than the alumen group. Addition of rIL17 also led to a significant fold increase in specific anti-rgD IgG and neutralizing antibodies to the virus, respectively, when compared with the alumen group. Cells stimulated with rIL17A responded with IL17 transcription, as well IL2, IL4, IL10, IL15, Bcl6 and CXCR5. Our findings suggest that the rIL17A has adjuvant potential for use in vaccines against BoHV-5 as well as potentially other pathogens of cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitória Sequeira Gonçalves
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia - Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Francisco Denis Souza Santos
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia - Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Renan Eugênio Araujo Piraine
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia - Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Carolina Litchina Brasil
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Neida Lucia Conrad
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia - Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Fábio Pereira Leivas Leite
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia - Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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10
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Maidana SS, Miño S, Apostolo RM, De Stefano GA, Romera SA. A new molecular method for the rapid subtyping of bovine herpesvirus 1 field isolates. J Vet Diagn Invest 2020; 32:112-117. [PMID: 32013802 DOI: 10.1177/1040638719898692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) causes several clinical syndromes in cattle worldwide. There are 3 subtypes of BoHV-1: 1.1, 1.2a, and 1.2b. Several molecular methods are commonly used in the detection and characterization of BoHV-1. Among them, restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis of the complete viral genome allow classification of BoHV-1 into different subtypes. However, developing countries need simpler and cheaper screening assays for routine testing. We designed a standard multiplex PCR followed by a REA assay allowing straightforward subclassification of all BoHV-1 isolates tested into 1.1, 1.2a, and 1.2b subtypes based on the analysis of fragment length polymorphism. Our standard multiplex PCR-REA was used to analyze 33 field strains of BoHV-1 isolated from various tissues. The assay confirmed the subtype identified previously by REA. In addition, non-polymorphic or undigested fragments were sequenced in order to confirm the mutation affecting the RE HindIII site. Our PCR-REA method is an affordable and rapid test that will subtype all BoHV-1 strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvina S Maidana
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina (Maidana).,Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas (IVIT), INTA-CONICET (Miño, De Stefano, Romera).,INTA, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria (EEA)-Esquel, Chubut, Argentina (Apostolo).,Cátedra de Inmunogenética, Facultad de Ciencias exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad de Morón, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Maidana, Romera).,Cátedra de Inmunología, Universidad del Salvador, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Romera)
| | - Samuel Miño
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina (Maidana).,Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas (IVIT), INTA-CONICET (Miño, De Stefano, Romera).,INTA, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria (EEA)-Esquel, Chubut, Argentina (Apostolo).,Cátedra de Inmunogenética, Facultad de Ciencias exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad de Morón, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Maidana, Romera).,Cátedra de Inmunología, Universidad del Salvador, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Romera)
| | - Romina M Apostolo
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina (Maidana).,Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas (IVIT), INTA-CONICET (Miño, De Stefano, Romera).,INTA, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria (EEA)-Esquel, Chubut, Argentina (Apostolo).,Cátedra de Inmunogenética, Facultad de Ciencias exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad de Morón, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Maidana, Romera).,Cátedra de Inmunología, Universidad del Salvador, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Romera)
| | - Gabriel A De Stefano
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina (Maidana).,Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas (IVIT), INTA-CONICET (Miño, De Stefano, Romera).,INTA, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria (EEA)-Esquel, Chubut, Argentina (Apostolo).,Cátedra de Inmunogenética, Facultad de Ciencias exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad de Morón, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Maidana, Romera).,Cátedra de Inmunología, Universidad del Salvador, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Romera)
| | - Sonia A Romera
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina (Maidana).,Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas (IVIT), INTA-CONICET (Miño, De Stefano, Romera).,INTA, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria (EEA)-Esquel, Chubut, Argentina (Apostolo).,Cátedra de Inmunogenética, Facultad de Ciencias exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad de Morón, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Maidana, Romera).,Cátedra de Inmunología, Universidad del Salvador, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Romera)
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11
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Zhou Y, Li X, Ren Y, Hou X, Liu Y, Wei S, Dai G, Meng Y, Hu L, Liu Z, Jia W, Zhu Z, Wu R. Phylogenetic analysis and characterization of bovine herpesvirus-1 in cattle of China, 2016-2019. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 85:104416. [PMID: 32535159 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) is one of the most critical pathogens in cattle and is prevalent in China. BoHV-1 is divided into two gene types, BoHV-1.1 and 1.2, which are further differentiated into two subtypes, BoHV-1.2a and 1.2b. However, the phylogenetic analysis of BoHV-1 isolates has not been reported in China. To perform a molecular epidemiological survey based on isolates from cattle in China, 102 lung tissue samples of calves under ten months of age with respiratory disease (BRD) that died from 2016 to 2019 in China were used to isolate BoHV-1 with Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells. Part of the BoHV-1 isolates were applied to the phylogenetic analysis based on the region of the glycoprotein C (gC) gene of BoHV-1. Thirty BoHV-1 isolates were obtained, and the gC gene of 13 isolates was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods and sequenced. The result of the phylogenetic analysis according to the 451-nucleotide portion of the gC gene found that all of 13 isolates belonged to the BoHV-1.2b gene subtype, but these isolates had located two different phylogenetic tree branches. The gC gene sequence homology of isolates in group1 was higher with a reference strain of BoHV-1.2b EVI14 up to 98.0-100%, while in group 2, this was higher with reference strain BoHV-1.2b B589 up to 97.8-99.8%. The deduced amino acid sequence of gC from isolates in group 2 had two amino acid mutations with interference strain BoHV-1.2b K22 or BoHV-1.1 COOPER. The cytopathic effects (CPEs) of BoHV-1 isolates in group 2 were ulcered on the centration like a volcano on MDBK cell, and different from traditional CPEs of BoHV-1. Overall, BoHV-1.2b seems to be the primary strain of BoHV-1 in cattle in China and is also a critical cause of BRD. These BoHV-1.2b isolates had significant genetic variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; Daqing Center of Inspection and Testing for Agricultural Products Ministry of Agriculture, Daqing 163319, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Xuyang Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yachao Ren
- Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Xilin Hou
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Sumin Wei
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Guanli Dai
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Ye Meng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Linjie Hu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Zhihui Liu
- Heilongjiang Blue Fusion Biological Information Co. Ltd., Harbin 150000, China
| | - Weiqiang Jia
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Zhanbo Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China.
| | - Rui Wu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China.
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12
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Kumar N, Chander Y, Riyesh T, Khandelwal N, Kumar R, Kumar H, Tripathi BN, Barua S. Isolation and characterization of bovine herpes virus 5 (BoHV5) from cattle in India. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232093. [PMID: 32330151 PMCID: PMC7182196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV1) and 5 (BoHV5) are genetically and antigenically related alphaherpesviruses. Infection with one virus induces protective immunity against the other. However, disease associated with BoHV1 and BoHV5 varies significantly; whereas BoHV1 infection is usually associated with rhinotracheitis and abortion, BoHV5 causes encephalitis in cattle. BoHV5 outbreaks are sporadic and mainly restricted to the South American countries. We report BoHV5 infection for the first time from aborted cattle in India. Based on the characteristic cytopathic effects in MDBK cells, amplification of the viral genome by PCR, differential PCR for BoHV1/BoHV5, nucleotide sequencing and restriction endonuclease patterns, identity of the virus was confirmed as BoHV5 subtype A. Serum samples from the aborted cattle strongly neutralized both BoHV1 and BoHV5 suggesting an active viral infection in the herd. Upon UL27, UL44 and UL54 gene-based sequence and phylogenetic analysis, the isolated virus clustered with BoHV5 strains and showed highest similarity with the Brazilian BoHV5 strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kumar
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
- * E-mail: (NK); (SB); (BNT)
| | - Yogesh Chander
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Thachamvally Riyesh
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Nitin Khandelwal
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Ram Kumar
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Harish Kumar
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Bhupendra N. Tripathi
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
- * E-mail: (NK); (SB); (BNT)
| | - Sanjay Barua
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
- * E-mail: (NK); (SB); (BNT)
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13
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Marin M, Burucúa M, Rensetti D, Rosales JJ, Odeón A, Pérez S. Distinctive features of bovine alphaherpesvirus types 1 and 5 and the virus-host interactions that might influence clinical outcomes. Arch Virol 2019; 165:285-301. [PMID: 31845150 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04494-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus types 1 (BoHV-1) and 5 (BoHV-5) are two closely related alphaherpesviruses. BoHV-1 causes several syndromes in cattle, including respiratory disease and sporadic cases of encephalitis, whereas BoHV-5 is responsible for meningoencephalitis in calves. Although both viruses are neurotropic, they differ in their neuropathogenic potential. This review summarizes the findings on the specific mechanisms and pathways known to modulate the pathogenesis of BoHV-1 and BoHV-5, particularly in relation to respiratory and neurological syndromes, which characterize BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 infections, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maia Marin
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce, Ruta 226 Km 73.5, Balcarce, 7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mercedes Burucúa
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce, Ruta 226 Km 73.5, Balcarce, 7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Rensetti
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Paraje Arroyo Seco S/N, 7000, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Juan José Rosales
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Paraje Arroyo Seco S/N, 7000, Tandil, Argentina.,Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN)-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Paraje Arroyo Seco S/N, 7000, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Anselmo Odeón
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce, Ruta 226 Km 73.5, Balcarce, 7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sandra Pérez
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Paraje Arroyo Seco S/N, 7000, Tandil, Argentina. .,Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN)-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Paraje Arroyo Seco S/N, 7000, Tandil, Argentina.
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14
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Molecular and antigenic characterization of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) strains from cattle with diverse clinical cases in Turkey. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 52:555-564. [PMID: 31482481 PMCID: PMC7223183 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-02042-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The present study reports the molecular and antigenic characterization of 13 bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) field viruses obtained from cattle with different clinical cases in Turkey between 1992 and 2017. We selected glycoprotein C (gC) of BoHV-1 as a target to detect and/or verify presence of the virus in suspect materials followed by virus isolation (VI) in MDBK cells. In seven out of 13 BoHV-1 positive samples, cytophatic effects (CPEs) were observed in MDBK cell cultures, although only four virus samples reached a sufficient titer to use in phylogenetic assay, restriction endonuclease analysis (REA), and virus neutralization test (VNT). According to the results of sequence analysis of the 13 BoHV-1 positive samples, nine BoHV-1 field viruses were determined as BoHV-1.1 and four as BoHV-1.2. Using REA, we demonstrated that two of our isolated viruses could be categorized as BoHV-1.1 while the other two isolates were BoHV-1.2 subtypes. Differences between the BoHV-1.1 and BoHV-1.2 isolates were also detected in the VNT results by assaying 125 suspected serum samples after testing with isolated (KY748023, KY748022, KY748020, and KY748021) and reference viruses (BoHV-1 Cooper and BoHV-5 Texas 89). These results are indicating the need to correctly identify BoHV-1 field isolates to better understand the epidemiology and pathogenesis of infection. In addition, it would be useful to identify the subtypes circulating in the specific geographical area while determining vaccination preferences.
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Jones C. Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Counteracts Immune Responses and Immune-Surveillance to Enhance Pathogenesis and Virus Transmission. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1008. [PMID: 31134079 PMCID: PMC6514135 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection of cattle by bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) can culminate in upper respiratory tract disorders, conjunctivitis, or genital disorders. Infection also consistently leads to transient immune-suppression. BoHV-1 is the number one infectious agent in cattle that is associated with abortions in cattle. BoHV-1, as other α-herpesvirinae subfamily members, establishes latency in sensory neurons. Stressful stimuli, mimicked by the synthetic corticosteroid dexamethasone, consistently induce reactivation from latency in latently infected calves and rabbits. Increased corticosteroid levels due to stress have a two-pronged effect on reactivation from latency by: (1) directly stimulating viral gene expression and replication, and (2) impairing antiviral immune responses, thus enhancing virus spread and transmission. BoHV-1 encodes several proteins, bICP0, bICP27, gG, UL49.5, and VP8, which interfere with key antiviral innate immune responses in the absence of other viral genes. Furthermore, the ability of BoHV-1 to infect lymphocytes and induce apoptosis, in particular CD4+ T cells, has negative impacts on immune responses during acute infection. BoHV-1 induced immune-suppression can initiate the poly-microbial disorder known as bovine respiratory disease complex, which costs the US cattle industry more than one billion dollars annually. Furthermore, interfering with antiviral responses may promote viral spread to ovaries and the developing fetus, thus enhancing reproductive issues associated with BoHV-1 infection of cows or pregnant cows. The focus of this review is to describe the known mechanisms, direct and indirect, by which BoHV-1 interferes with antiviral immune responses during the course of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinton Jones
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
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16
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Henzel A, Salla P, Mascitti A, Demoliner M, Solyman M, Lunge V, Spilki F. Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 and 5 in semen from bulls presenting genital lesions under field conditions in Brazil. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-10310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Bovine alphaherpesviruses 1 and 5 (BoHV-1/5) are main pathogens of respiratory, reproductive and neurological diseases in cattle. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of neutralizing antibodies against BoHV-1/5 in serum samples and to detect viral DNA in semen of bulls from beef cattle farms located in RS. A total of 372 serum and semen sample from bulls were collected in eighteen farms. Serum samples were submitted to virus neutralization (VN) assay, while semen samples were used to detect BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 DNA by PCR. VN results showed that BoHV-1/5 antibodies were detected in bulls of 66.7% (12/18) of the farms, 295 (79.5%) BoHV positive bulls, 287 for BoHV-1 and 234 for BoHV-; at 43 vaccinated bulls 72.1% (31/43) showing serology negative. BoHV-1/5 DNA was detected in the semen of three bulls; one of the them presenting BoHV-1, one out three presenting BoHV-5 and one BoHV-1/5.co-infection All BoHV DNA positive samples came from animals presenting posthitis and other genital lesions at sampling. Results showed a high seroprevalence of BoHV-1/5 antibodies in bulls as well as strong evidence that these viruses are actively circulating in the cattle farms. A remarkable finding is that in the presence of clinically evident lesions in the genital tract, both BoHV-1 and 5 may found in semen.
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Araujo IL, Dummer LA, Rodrigues PRC, Dos Santos AG, Fischer G, Cunha RC, Leite FPL. Immune responses in bovines to recombinant glycoprotein D of bovine herpesvirus type 5 as vaccine antigen. Vaccine 2018; 36:7708-7714. [PMID: 30381153 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.10.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus 5 (BoHV-5) is responsible for outbreaks of meningoencephalitis that cause important economic losses in young cattle. BoHV-5 glycoprotein D (gD5) is essential for attachment and penetration into permissive cells and targeting of host immune systems, inducing strong humoral and cellular immune responses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the vaccinal immune response of vaccines formulated with the recombinant BoHV-5 gD (rgD5) in bovines. For the experiment, 72 heifers were randomly allotted into 6 different groups with 12 animals each. Group 1: vaccine formulated using inactivated BoHV-5 (iBoHV-5) adjuvanted with ISA50V2; Group 2: iBoHV-5 associated with 100 µg of rgD5 adjuvanted with ISA50V2; Group 3: 100 µg of rgD5 adjuvanted with ISA50V2; Group 4: 100 µg of rgD5 adjuvanted with Al(OH)3; Group 5: commercial vaccine; and Group 6: control group. Two doses were administered in a 26-day interval and the third after 357 days from primo vaccination. Cattle vaccinated with the vaccines formulated with iBoHV-5 plus rgD5 showed a significant (p < 0.01) five-fold increase in total immunoglobulin G (IgG) for BoHV-5, BoHV-1, and rgD5 as compared with the commercial and control groups. Also, a significant (p < 0.05) increase in IgG1 and IgG2a levels was induced in serum for rgD5. In addition, these same vaccines showed significant (p < 0.01) four-fold higher titers of BoHV-1 and -5 neutralizing antibodies. The results demonstrated that the rgD5 conserved important epitopes that were able to stimulate bovine humoral immunity response capable of viral neutralization of BoHV-1 and -5, suggesting it as a promising vaccine antigen to be used in vaccine for BoHV-1 and -5 endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itauá Leston Araujo
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Luana Alves Dummer
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ricardo Centeno Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-900, Brazil; Laboratório de Virologia e Imunologia Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Alceu Gonçalves Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-900, Brazil; Laboratório de Virologia e Imunologia Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Geferson Fischer
- Laboratório de Virologia e Imunologia Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Casquero Cunha
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Fábio Pereira Leivas Leite
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-900, Brazil; Laboratório de Virologia e Imunologia Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul 96010-900, Brazil.
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Proteogenomic Identification of a Novel Protein-Encoding Gene in Bovine Herpesvirus 1 That Is Expressed during Productive Infection. Viruses 2018; 10:v10090499. [PMID: 30223481 PMCID: PMC6164122 DOI: 10.3390/v10090499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) is one of several microbes that contributes to the development of the bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and can also induce abortions in cattle. As other alpha-herpesvirinae subfamily members, BoHV-1 efficiently replicates in many cell types and subsequently establishes a life-long latent infection in sensory neurons. BoHV-1 encodes more than 70 proteins that are expressed in a well-defined manner during productive infection. However, in silico open reading frame (ORF) prediction of the BoHV-1 genome suggests that the virus may encode more than one hundred proteins. In this study we used mass spectrometry followed by proteogenomic mapping to reveal the existence of 92 peptides that map to previously un-annotated regions of the viral genome. Twenty-one of the newly termed “intergenic peptides” were predicted to have a viable ORF around them. Twelve of these produced an mRNA transcript as demonstrated by strand-specific RT-PCR. We further characterized the 5′ and 3′ termini of one mRNA transcript, ORF-A, and detected a 55 kDa protein produced during active infection using a custom-synthesized antibody. We conclude that the coding potential of BoHV-1 is underestimated.
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Kolb AW, Lewin AC, Moeller Trane R, McLellan GJ, Brandt CR. Phylogenetic and recombination analysis of the herpesvirus genus varicellovirus. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:887. [PMID: 29157201 PMCID: PMC5697016 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4283-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The varicelloviruses comprise a genus within the alphaherpesvirus subfamily, and infect both humans and other mammals. Recently, next-generation sequencing has been used to generate genomic sequences of several members of the Varicellovirus genus. Here, currently available varicellovirus genomic sequences were used for phylogenetic, recombination, and genetic distance analysis. RESULTS A phylogenetic network including genomic sequences of individual species, was generated and suggested a potential restriction between the ungulate and non-ungulate viruses. Intraspecies genetic distances were higher in the ungulate viruses (pseudorabies virus (SuHV-1) 1.65%, bovine herpes virus type 1 (BHV-1) 0.81%, equine herpes virus type 1 (EHV-1) 0.79%, equine herpes virus type 4 (EHV-4) 0.16%) than non-ungulate viruses (feline herpes virus type 1 (FHV-1) 0.0089%, canine herpes virus type 1 (CHV-1) 0.005%, varicella-zoster virus (VZV) 0.136%). The G + C content of the ungulate viruses was also higher (SuHV-1 73.6%, BHV-1 72.6%, EHV-1 56.6%, EHV-4 50.5%) compared to the non-ungulate viruses (FHV-1 45.8%, CHV-1 31.6%, VZV 45.8%), which suggests a possible link between G + C content and intraspecies genetic diversity. Varicellovirus clade nomenclature is variable across different species, and we propose a standardization based on genomic genetic distance. A recent study reported no recombination between sequenced FHV-1 strains, however in the present study, both splitstree, bootscan, and PHI analysis indicated recombination. We also found that the recently sequenced Brazilian CHV-1 strain BTU-1 may contain a genetic signal in the UL50 gene from an unknown varicellovirus. CONCLUSION Together, the data contribute to a greater understanding of varicellovirus genomics, and we also suggest a new clade nomenclature scheme based on genetic distances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron W Kolb
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 550 Bardeen Laboratories, 1300 University Ave., Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Andrew C Lewin
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ralph Moeller Trane
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 550 Bardeen Laboratories, 1300 University Ave., Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Gillian J McLellan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 550 Bardeen Laboratories, 1300 University Ave., Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Curtis R Brandt
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 550 Bardeen Laboratories, 1300 University Ave., Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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Massitel J, Wesgueber J, Oliveira R, Queiroz G, Fritzen J, Alfieri A, Lisbôa J. Presença do genoma de BoHV-5 no líquido cefalorraquidiano de bovinos com meningoencefalite herpética. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-8087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Dummer LA, Araujo IL, Campos FS, da Rosa MC, Finger PF, de Oliveira PD, Conceição FR, Fischer G, Roehe PM, Leite FPL. Development of an Indirect ELISA for Serological Diagnosis of Bovine herpesvirus 5. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149134. [PMID: 26866923 PMCID: PMC4750905 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine herpesviruses 1 and 5 (BoHV-1 and BoHV-5) are economically important pathogens, associated with a variety of clinical syndromes, including respiratory and genital disease, reproductive failure and meningoencephalitis. The standard serological assay to diagnose BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 infections is the virus neutralization test (VNT), a time consuming procedure that requires manipulation of infectious virus. In the present study a highly sensitive and specific single dilution indirect ELISA was developed using recombinant glycoprotein D from BoHV-5 as antigen (rgD5ELISA). Bovine serum samples (n = 450) were screened by VNT against BoHV-5a and by rgD5ELISA. Compared with the VNT, the rgD5ELISA demonstrated accuracy of 99.8%, with 100% sensitivity, 96.7% specificity and coefficient of agreement between the tests of 0.954. The rgD5ELISA described here shows excellent agreement with the VNT and is shown to be a simple, convenient, specific and highly sensitive virus-free assay for detection of serum antibodies to BoHV-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana A. Dummer
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico - Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Itauá L. Araujo
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico - Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabrício S. Campos
- Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Matheus C. da Rosa
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico - Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Paula F. Finger
- Laboratório de Imunologia Aplicada, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico - Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Patricia D. de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico - Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabricio R. Conceição
- Laboratório de Imunologia Aplicada, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico - Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Geferson Fischer
- Laboratório de Virologia e Imunologia Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo M. Roehe
- Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Saúde Animal - Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Fábio P. L. Leite
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico - Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Oliveira RAM, Lorenzetti E, Alfieri AA, Lisbôa JAN. Prevalência das infecções latentes por BoHV-1 e BoHV-5 em bovinos de corte no Estado do Paraná. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-7496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMOO objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a prevalência das infecções latentes por BoHV-1 e por BoHV-5 em bovinos de corte criados no Estado do Paraná. Os gânglios do nervo trigêmeo foram coletados de 400 bovinos hígidos, entre 18 e 36 meses de idade, provenientes de 90 propriedades rurais localizadas em diferentes mesorregiões geográficas do Estado e abatidos em frigorífico com Serviço de Inspeção Federal. A reação em cadeia da polimerase com amplificação do gene que codifica a glicoproteína C foi empregada para a detecção do DNA viral. Cento e nove bovinos eram herpéticos (27,25%), sendo 14,25% (57/400) infectados com BoHV-1, 9,75% (39/400) infectados com BoHV-5 e 3,25% (13/400) portadores de infecção mista. A distribuição geográfica foi heterogênea e as infecções foram mais prevalentes nas mesorregiões localizadas ao norte do Estado. A vigilância para a encefalite por BoHV-5 deve ser intensificada na mesorregião Noroeste.
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Bovine herpesvirus type 5 in semen samples from bulls in Iran. Arch Virol 2014; 160:235-9. [PMID: 25362547 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-014-2272-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus 5 (BoHV-5) is an important pathogen of the central nervous system and has already been described in the genital tract of cattle and in semen. This virus is responsible for sporadic epizootics of fatal meningoencephalitis of calves. The objective of the present study was the identification and characterization of BoHV-5 in semen samples from bulls for the first time in Iran. DNA was extracted from bull semen samples, and the glycoprotein D (gD) gene of BoHV-5 and also the thymidine kinase (tK) gene of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) were amplified by PCR assay. The results showed a high prevalence of BoHV-5 (73.2 %) and BoHV-1 (25.89 %) in Iranian bull semen samples. In addition, in order to identify and compare BoHV-5 isolated from Iranian bulls with other isolates from all over the world, the gD gene of this virus was cloned and sequenced. A BLAST search showed that the sequence of the gD gene of BoHV-5 from Iran was 99 % identical to other sequences in the GenBank database. The present study indicated that semen samples are important transmission sources of BoHV-5 virus in Iranian bulls.
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Immune responses of mice against recombinant bovine herpesvirus 5 glycoprotein D. Vaccine 2014; 32:2413-9. [PMID: 24657716 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Glycoprotein D (gD) is essential for attachment and penetration of Bovine herpesvirus 5 (BoHV-5) into permissive cells, and is a major target of the host immune system, inducing strong humoral and cellular immune responses. The aim of this study was to evaluate in mice the immunogenicity of recombinant BoHV-5 gD (rgD5) expressed in Pichia pastoris. Vaccines formulated with rgD5 alone or adjuvanted with Montanide 50 ISA V2; Emulsigen or Emulsigen-DDA was administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously. Almost all formulations stimulated a humoral immune response after the first inoculation. The only exception was observed when the rgD5 was administered subcutaneously without adjuvant, in this case, the antibodies were observed after three doses. Higher titers of neutralizing antibodies were obtained with the three oil-based adjuvant formulations when compared to non-adjuvanted vaccine formulations. The rgD5 vaccine stimulated high mRNA expression levels of Th1 (INF-γ) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-17, GM-CSF). The results demonstrated that the recombinant gD from BoHV-5 conserved important epitopes for viral neutralization from native BoHV-5 gD and was able to elicit mixed Th1/Th2 immune response in mice.
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Traesel CK, Sá e Silva M, Weiss M, Spilki FR, Weiblen R, Flores EF. Genetic diversity of 3' region of glycoprotein D gene of bovine herpesvirus 1 and 5. Virus Genes 2014; 48:438-47. [PMID: 24482291 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-014-1040-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bovine herpesviruses 1 (BoHV-1) and 5 (BoHV-5) are closely related alphaherpesviruses of cattle. While BoHV-1 is mainly associated with respiratory/genital disease and rarely associated with neurological disease, BoHV-5 is the primary agent of meningoencephalitis in cattle. The envelope glycoprotein D of alphaherpesviruses (BoHV-1/gD1 and BoHV-5/gD5) is involved in the early steps of virus infection and may influence virus tropism and neuropathogenesis. This study performed a sequence analysis of the 3' region of gD gene (gD3') of BoHV-1 isolates recovered from respiratory/genital disease (n = 6 and reference strain Cooper) or from neurological disease (n = 7); and from seven typical neurological BoHV-5 isolates. After PCR amplification, nucleotide (nt) sequencing, and aminoacid (aa) sequence prediction; gD3' sequences were compared, identity levels were calculated, and selective pressure was analyzed. The phylogenetic reconstruction based on nt and aa sequences allowed for a clear differentiation of BoHV-1 (n = 14) and BoHV-5 (n = 7) clusters. The seven BoHV-1 isolates from neurological disease are grouped within the BoHV-1 branch. A consistent alignment of 346 nt revealed a high similarity within each viral species (gD1 = 98.3 % nt and aa; gD5 = 97.8 % nt and 85.8 % aa) and an expected lower similarity between gD1 and gD5 (73.7 and 64.1 %, nt and aa, respectively). The analysis of molecular evolution revealed an average negative selection at gD3'. Thus, the phylogeny and similarity levels allowed for differentiation of BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 species, but not further division in subspecies. Sequence analysis did not allow for the identification of genetic differences in gD3' potentially associated with the respective clinical/pathological phenotypes, yet revealed a lower level of gD3' conservation than previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Kist Traesel
- Laboratoire des Maladies Infectieuses Virales Vétérinaires (LMIVV), Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médicine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 7C6, Canada,
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Abstract
AbstractBovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) causes a variety of diseases and is globally distributed. It infects via mucosal epithelium, leading to rapid lytic replication and latent infection, primarily in sensory ganglia. Large amounts of virus can be excreted by the host on primary infection or upon recrudescence of latent infection, resulting in disease spread. The bovine immune response to BHV-1 is rapid, robust, balanced, and long-lasting. The innate immune system is the first to respond to the infection, with type I interferons (IFNs), inflammatory cytokines, killing of infected host cells, and priming of a balanced adaptive immune response. The virus possesses a variety of immune evasion strategies, including inhibition of type I IFN production, chemokine and complement binding, infection of macrophages and neutrophils, and latency. BHV-1 immune suppression contributes to the severity of its disease manifestations and to the bovine respiratory disease complex, the leading cause of cattle death loss in the USA.
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Maidana SS, Morano CD, Cianfrini D, Campos FS, Roehe PM, Siedler B, De Stefano G, Mauroy A, Thiry E, Romera SA. Multiplex PCR followed by restriction length polymorphism analysis for the subtyping of bovine herpesvirus 5 isolates. BMC Vet Res 2013; 9:111. [PMID: 23734608 PMCID: PMC3679755 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several types and subtypes of bovine herpesviruses 1 and 5 (BoHV-1 and BoHV-5) have been associated to different clinical conditions of cattle, making type/subtype differentiation essential to understand the pathogenesis and epidemiology of BoHV infections. BoHV-5 subtyping is currently carried out by BstEII restriction enzyme analysis (REA) of the complete virus genome. This method allowed the description of three subtypes, one of which is the most widespread while the remaining two have so far only been found in South America. The present work describes a multiplex PCR followed by REA for BoHV-5 subtyping. Results The method consists in the simultaneous amplification of glycoprotein B and UL54 gene fragments of 534 and 669 base pairs (bp), respectively, BstEII digestion of amplicons, separation of products in 1% agarose gels, and analysis of fragment length polymorphims. The multiplex PCR detected up to 227 BoHV-5 genome copies and 9.2 × 105 BoHV-5 genome copies when DNA was extracted from purified virus or infected tissue homogenates, respectively. The applicability of multiplex PCR-REA was demonstrated on 3 BoHV-5 reference strains. In addition, subtyping of two new isolates and seventeen previously reported ones (17 BHV-5a and 2 BHV-5b) by this method gave coincident results with those obtained with the classic BstEII REA assay. Conclusions Multiplex PCR-REA provides a new tool for the fast and simple diagnosis and subtyping of BoHV-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvina Soledad Maidana
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y, Agronómicas (CICVyA), Instituto de tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), N. Repetto, y Los Reseros S/N, CC25, (B1712WAA), Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Traesel CK, Sá e Silva M, Spilki FR, Weiblen R, Flores EF. Nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the 3' region of glycoprotein C gene of South American bovine herpesviruses 1 and 5. Res Vet Sci 2012; 94:178-85. [PMID: 22929314 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2012.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We herein describe a molecular analysis based on the 3' region of the glycoprotein C gene of 45 bovine herpesvirus (BoHV) isolates from Brazil (n=41), Uruguay (n=2) and Argentina (n=2). Nucleotide (nt) sequencing and alignment of 333 nt revealed levels of similarity ranging from 99.1% to 100% among BoHV-1 sequences (n=12); 96.2-100% among BoHV-5 sequences (n=32); and 77.7-90.3% between BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 sequences. The phylogenetic tree reconstruction provided a clear distinction between BoHV-1 and BoHV-5, and BoHV-1 into subtypes BoHV-1.1 and BoHV-1.2. The isolate SV 453/93 (BoHV-1 associated with genital disease) could not be included within BoHV-1 subtypes since it presented a markedly distinct nt and amino acid (aa) deduced sequences. A transmembrane domain of 24 aa and the putative cytoplasmic tail of 8 aa were identified and mapped. These results indicate that this genome region represents a suitable target for phylogenetic subgrouping of BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 isolates and, perhaps, for understanding evolutionary relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Kist Traesel
- Setor de Virologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Spilki FR, Franco AC, Roehe PM. Analysis of isotype-specific antibody responses to bovine herpesviruses 1.1 and 1.2a allows to estimate the stage of infection. Braz J Microbiol 2012; 43:586-93. [PMID: 24031868 PMCID: PMC3768835 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822012000200021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific IgM, IgA, IgG1, IgG2, as well as neutralizing antibody responses were evaluated in sera of calves experimentally infected with two isolates of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV1) of distinct subtypes (subtype 1, BoHV1.1; subtype 2a, BoHV-1.2a). No significant differences were observed in the antibody responses induced by each BoHV-1 subtype. The antibody responses following primary acute infection were characterized by an increase in specific IgM and IgA levels between days 2 and 14 post inoculation (pi). IgG1 was detected from days 11 to 30 pi. IgG2 was detected on the sample taken on day 30 pi. Reactivation of infection following dexamethasone administration induced a significant rise in IgA levels, whereas IgG1 and IgG2 levels, which were at high levels from the beginning of the reactivation process, showed a slight alteration after corticosteroid treatment. These results suggest that it is possible to estimate the dynamics of BoHV-1 infections with basis on the analysis of class- and subclass-specific antibody responses. Such information may be particularly useful for the study of the kinetics of the infection in a herd and to aid in the adoption of appropriate control measures..
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Rosado Spilki
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Feevale , Novo Hamburgo, RS , Brasil
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First report of bovine herpesvirus 5 in bull semen. Arch Virol 2012; 157:1775-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-012-1334-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Marin M, Leunda M, Verna A, Faverín C, Pérez S, Odeón A. In vitro replication of bovine herpesvirus types 1 and 5. J Virol Methods 2012; 181:80-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2012.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2011] [Revised: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Bezerra D, Chaves N, Sousa V, Santos H, Pereira H. Fatores de risco associados à infecção pelo Herpesvírus Bovino Tipo 1 em rebanhos bovinos leiteiros da região Amazônica maranhense. ARQUIVOS DO INSTITUTO BIOLÓGICO 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s1808-16572012000100016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar a frequência e os fatores de risco para a infecção pelo Herpesvírus Bovino Tipo 1 (BoHV-1) em fêmeas bovinas leiteiras na região Amazônica maranhense. Amostras de soro de animais não vacinados contra o BoHV-1 e provenientes de 40 propriedades foram submetidas à técnica de ELISA indireto. Em cada propriedade avaliada, aplicou-se ainda um questionário epidemiológico para investigar os fatores de risco que poderiam estar associados à infecção pelo vírus. Das 400 amostras de soro analisadas, 69,25% (n = 277) foram reagentes com a detecção de bovinos sorologicamente positivos em 100% (n = 40) das propriedades. Dentre os fatores de risco avaliados, faixa etária entre 3 a 7 anos, ausência de assistência veterinária e sinais respiratórios apresentaram significância estatística (P < 0,05) associada à infecção pelo BoHV-1. Os resultados do estudo indicam que a frequência de anticorpos contra o BoHV-1 foi elevada na região Amazônica maranhense e que os fatores relacionados às características das propriedades e ao manejo foram associados ao risco de infecção pelo BoHV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - V.E. Sousa
- Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Brasil
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Ruiz-Saenz J, Jaime J, Ramirez G, Vera V. Molecular and in vitro characterization of field isolates of bovine herpesvirus-1. Virol Sin 2012; 27:26-37. [PMID: 22270804 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-012-3221-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine Herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) is distributed worldwide and is a major pathogen in cattle, being the causal agent of a variety of clinical syndromes. The aim of this study was to isolate and to characterize (molecular and biological characterization) BoHV-1 from 29 immunosuppressed animals. It was possible to obtain 18 isolates, each from a different animal, such as from the respiratory and reproductive tracts. In some cases the cytopathic effect was visible 12 hours post-inoculation, and became characteristic after 36-48 hours. Biological characteristics were evaluated and compared with Iowa and Colorado-1 reference strains, and differences were found in plaque size, virus titer measured by TCID50 and PFU/mL, and one step virus curves. These results showed that some isolates had a highly virulent-like behavior in vitro, compared to the reference strains, with shorter eclipse periods, faster release of virus into the supernatants, and higher burst size and viral titer. There were no differences in glycoprotein expression of BoHV-1 isolates, measured by Western blot on monolayers. Moreover, using restriction endonucleases analysis, most of the viruses were confirmed as BoHV-1.1 and just one of them was confirmed as BoHV-1.2a subtype. These findings suggest that some wild-type BoHV-1 isolates could be useful as seeds to develop new monovalent vaccines.
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Silveira F, Cibulski S, Varela A, Marqués J, Chabalgoity A, de Costa F, Yendo A, Gosmann G, Roehe P, Fernández C, Ferreira F. Quillaja brasiliensis saponins are less toxic than Quil A and have similar properties when used as an adjuvant for a viral antigen preparation. Vaccine 2011; 29:9177-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.09.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Ladelfa MF, Del Médico Zajac MP, Kotsias F, Delgado F, Muylkens B, Thiry J, Thiry E, Romera SA. Comparative study on the in vitro and in vivo properties of two bovine herpesvirus-5 reference strains. Acta Vet Scand 2011; 53:37. [PMID: 21651813 PMCID: PMC3127761 DOI: 10.1186/1751-0147-53-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine herpesvirus 5 (BoHV-5) is an alphaherpesvirus responsible for meningoencephalitis in young cattle and it is antigenically and genetically related to bovine herpesvirus 1. BoHV-5 outbreaks are sporadic and restricted in their geographical distribution, being mostly detected in the Southern hemisphere. The N569 and A663 strains are prototypes of the "a" and "b" subtypes of BoHV-5, however, scarce information about their in vitro and in vivo properties is currently available. METHODS For the in vitro comparison between BoHV-5 A663 and N569 strains, viral growth kinetics, lysis and infection plaque size assays were performed. Additionally, an experimental infection of cattle with BoHV-5 A663 and N569 strains was carried out. Viral excretion, development of neurological signs, presence of specific antibodies in serum and nasal swabs and presence of latent BoHV-5 DNA in trigeminal ganglion, were analyzed. Histopathological examination of samples belonging to inoculated animals was also performed. RESULTS The lytic capacity and the cell-to-cell spread was lower for the A663 strain compared to the N569 strain, however, the production of total infectious viral particles was similar between both strains. Concerning the in vivo properties, the A663 and N569 strains are able to induce similar degrees of pathogenicity in cattle. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that the A663 strain used in this study is less adapted to in vitro replication in MDBK cells than the N569 strain and, although slight differences were observed, both strains are able to induce a similar degree of virulence in the natural host.
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Affiliation(s)
- María F Ladelfa
- Virology Institute, Veterinary and Agricultural Science Research Centre (CICVyA), National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), N. Repeto y Los Reseros S/N, CC25 (B1712WAA), Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Rivadavia 1917 (C1033AAJ), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María P Del Médico Zajac
- Virology Institute, Veterinary and Agricultural Science Research Centre (CICVyA), National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), N. Repeto y Los Reseros S/N, CC25 (B1712WAA), Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fiorella Kotsias
- Virology Institute, Veterinary and Agricultural Science Research Centre (CICVyA), National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), N. Repeto y Los Reseros S/N, CC25 (B1712WAA), Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Rivadavia 1917 (C1033AAJ), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Delgado
- Pathobiology Institute, Veterinary and Agricultural Science Research Centre (CICVyA), National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), N. Repeto y Los Reseros S/N, CC25 (B1712WAA), Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Benoît Muylkens
- Virology and Viral Diseases, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Boulevard de Colonster, 20, B43b, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Julien Thiry
- Virology and Viral Diseases, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Boulevard de Colonster, 20, B43b, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Etienne Thiry
- Virology and Viral Diseases, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Boulevard de Colonster, 20, B43b, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Sonia A Romera
- Virology Institute, Veterinary and Agricultural Science Research Centre (CICVyA), National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), N. Repeto y Los Reseros S/N, CC25 (B1712WAA), Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Rivadavia 1917 (C1033AAJ), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Ladelfa MF, Kotsias F, Del Médico Zajac MP, Van den Broeke C, Favoreel H, Romera SA, Calamante G. Effect of the US3 protein of bovine herpesvirus 5 on the actin cytoskeleton and apoptosis. Vet Microbiol 2011; 153:361-6. [PMID: 21665386 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Revised: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The US3 protein is a unique protein kinase only present in the Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily of the herpesviruses. Studies performed with several alphaherpesviruses demonstrated that the US3 protein is involved in cytoskeleton modifications during viral infection and displays anti-apoptotic activity. However, the US3 protein of BoHV-5 has not been studied up to now. As reported for other alphaherpesviruses, our results showed that BoHV-5 US3 confers resistance against apoptosis and induces cytoskeletal reorganization leading to cell rounding, actin stress fiber breakdown and cell projections that interconnect cells. The expression of a kinase-dead version of BoHV-5 US3 showed that the anti-apoptotic activity and the induction of cell projections are kinase-dependent whereas kinase activity is not absolutely required for actin stress fiber breakdown. Besides, the kinase-dead version of US3, but not the wild type protein, was found excluded from the nucleus. These results constitute the first report on the BoHV-5 US3 functions, and highlight that there are functional differences and similarities among US3 proteins of different alphaherpesviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Fátima Ladelfa
- Virology Institute, Veterinary and Agricultural Science Research Centre, National Institute of Agricultural Technology, B1712WAA, Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Anziliero D, Santos CMB, Brum MCS, Weiblen R, Chowdhury SI, Flores EF. A recombinant bovine herpesvirus 5 defective in thymidine kinase and glycoprotein E is immunogenic for calves and confers protection upon homologous challenge and BoHV-1 challenge. Vet Microbiol 2011; 154:14-22. [PMID: 22019288 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Revised: 03/12/2011] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A recombinant bovine herpesvirus 5 lacking thymidine kinase and glycoprotein E genes (BoHV-5gEΔTKΔ) was evaluated as a live experimental vaccine. In a first experiment, ten-months-old calves were vaccinated intramuscularly (n=9) or remained as controls (n=8) and 42 days later were challenged with BoHV-5 or BoHV-1 intranasally. The four control calves challenged with BoHV-5 developed severe depression and neurological signs and were euthanized in extremis at days 13 and 14 pos-infection (pi); the five vaccinated animals challenged with BoHV-5 remained healthy. The titers of virus shedding were reduced (p<0.01) from days 3 to 7 post-infection (pi) in vaccinated animals. Control and vaccinated calves challenged with BoHV-1 presented mild transient respiratory signs; yet the magnitude of virus shedding was reduced (p<0.05) in vaccinated animals (days 5, 9 and 11pi). In a second experiment, young calves (100-120 days-old) were vaccinated (n=15) or kept as controls (n=5) and subsequently challenged with a BoHV-1 isolate. Control calves developed moderate to severe rhinitis and respiratory distress; two were euthanized in extremis at days 5 and 9 pi, respectively. In contrast, vaccinated animals were protected from challenge and only a few developed mild and transient nasal signs. The duration and titers of virus shedding after challenge were reduced (p<0.05) in vaccinated animals comparing to controls. In both experiments, vaccinated animals developed antibodies to gE only after challenge. These results demonstrate homologous and heterologous protection and are promising towards the use of the recombinant BoHV-5gEΔTKΔ in vaccine formulations to control BoHV-5 and BoHV-1 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Anziliero
- Virology Section, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000 Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
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Steukers L, Vandekerckhove AP, Van den Broeck W, Glorieux S, Nauwynck HJ. Comparative analysis of replication characteristics of BoHV-1 subtypes in bovine respiratory and genital mucosa explants: a phylogenetic enlightenment. Vet Res 2011; 42:33. [PMID: 21324115 PMCID: PMC3050707 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-42-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In general, members of the Alphaherpesvirinae use the epithelium of the upper respiratory and/or genital tract as a preferential site for primary replication. Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) may replicate at both sites and cause two major clinical entities designated as infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) and infectious pustular vulvovaginitis/balanoposthitis (IPV/IPB) in cattle. It has been hypothesized that subtype 1.1 invades preferentially the upper respiratory mucosa whereas subtype 1.2 favors replication at the peripheral genital tract. However, some studies are in contrast with this hypothesis. A thorough study of primary replication at both mucosae could elucidate whether or not different BoHV-1 subtypes show differences in mucosa tropism. We established bovine respiratory and genital organ cultures with emphasis on maintenance of tissue morphology and viability during in vitro culture. In a next step, bovine respiratory and genital mucosa explants of the same animals were inoculated with several BoHV-1 subtypes. A quantitative analysis of viral invasion in the mucosa was performed at 0 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h post inoculation (pi) by measuring plaque latitude and penetration depth underneath the basement membrane. All BoHV-1 subtypes exhibited a more profound invasion capacity in respiratory tissue compared to that in genital tissue at 24 h pi. However, at 24 h pi plaque latitude was found to be larger in genital tissue compared to respiratory tissue and this for all subtypes. These similar findings among the different subtypes take the edge off the belief of the existence of specific mucosa tropisms of different BoHV-1 subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennert Steukers
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Maidana SS, Ladelfa MF, Pérez SE, Lomónaco PM, Del Médico Zajac MP, Odeón A, Blanco Viera J, Combessies G, Fondevila N, Palacios M, Thiry J, Muylkens B, Thiry E, Romera SA. Characterization of BoHV-5 field strains circulation and report of transient specific subtype of bovine herpesvirus 5 in Argentina. BMC Vet Res 2011; 7:8. [PMID: 21299866 PMCID: PMC3041673 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-7-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine herpesvirus 5 (BoHV-5) is a member of the subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae responsible for meningo-encephalitis in young cattle. The first case of bovine meningo-encephalitis associated with a herpesvirus infection was reported in Australia. The current geographical distribution of BoHV-5 infection is mainly restricted to South America, especially Brazil and Argentina. Outbreaks of BoHV-5 are regularly observed in Argentina suggesting the circulation of the virus in the bovine population. Results Seventeen field strains of BoHV-5 isolated from 1984 to now were confirmed by differential PCR and subjected to restriction endonuclease analysis (REA). Viral DNA was cleaved with BstEII which allows the differentiation among subtypes a, b and non a, non b. According to the REA with BstEII, only one field strain showed a pattern similar to the Argentinean A663 strain (prototype of BoHV-5b). All other isolates showed a clear pattern similar to the Australian N569 strain (prototype of BoHV-5a) consistent with the subtypes observed in Brazil, the other South-American country where BoHV-5 is known to be prevalent. The genomic region of subtype b responsible for the distinct pattern was determined and amplified by PCR; specifically a point mutation was identified in glycoprotein B gene, on the BstEII restriction site, which generates the profile specific of BoHV-5b. Conclusions This is the first report of circulation of BoHV-5a in Argentina as the prevailing subtype. Therefore the circulation of BoHV-5b was restricted to a few years in Argentina, speculating that this subtype was not able to be maintained in the bovine population. The mutation in the gB gene is associated with the difference in the restriction patterns between subtypes "a" and "b".
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvina S Maidana
- Veterinary and Agricultural Science Research Centre (CICVyA), National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), N, Repetto y Los Reseros S/N, CC25 (B1712WAA), Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Detection of bovine herpesvirus 1 and 5 in semen from Brazilian bulls. Theriogenology 2011; 75:1139-45. [PMID: 21247624 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Revised: 10/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) and 5 (BoHV-5) are important pathogens of the respiratory and genital tract of cattle and may also affect the central nervous system and cause meningoencephalitis. Both virus types are estimated to be widely distributed in Southern Brazil. In the present study, BoHV-1 and/or BoHV-5 DNA were detected in bovine semen samples from two states of Brazil by two species-specific nested polymerase chain reactions (nPCRs). These nPCRs were used to assay 53 samples of fresh semen and 23 samples of frozen semen from breeding bulls. Viral DNA was detected in all 76 semen samples: all were positive for BoHV-5, whereas 34 of these were positive for BoHV-1 as well. Moreover, in five fresh and in 13 frozen semen samples-of a total number of 40 samples suitable for virus isolation-infectious BoHV-1 and/or BoHV-5 virus were detected. In conclusion, that both BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 were detected in bovine semen in Brazil highlighted the importance of examining bull semen in search for both agents to reduce the risk of transmitting these viruses.
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The capacity of UL49.5 proteins to inhibit TAP is widely distributed among members of the genus Varicellovirus. J Virol 2010; 85:2351-63. [PMID: 21159875 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01621-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The lifelong infection by varicelloviruses is characterized by a fine balance between the host immune response and immune evasion strategies used by these viruses. Virus-derived peptides are presented to cytotoxic T lymphocytes by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. The transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) transports the peptides from the cytosol into the endoplasmic reticulum, where the loading of MHC-I molecules occurs. The varicelloviruses bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), pseudorabies virus, and equid herpesviruses 1 and 4 have been found to encode a UL49.5 protein that inhibits TAP-mediated peptide transport. To investigate to what extent UL49.5-mediated TAP inhibition is conserved within the family of Alphaherpesvirinae, the homologs of another five varicelloviruses, one mardivirus, and one iltovirus were studied. The UL49.5 proteins of BoHV-5, bubaline herpesvirus 1, cervid herpesvirus 1, and felid herpesvirus 1 were identified as potent TAP inhibitors. The varicella-zoster virus and simian varicellovirus UL49.5 proteins fail to block TAP; this is not due to the absence of viral cofactors that might assist in this process, since cells infected with these viruses did not show reduced TAP function either. The UL49.5 homologs of the mardivirus Marek's disease virus 1 and the iltovirus infectious laryngotracheitis virus did not block TAP, suggesting that the capacity to inhibit TAP via UL49.5 has been acquired by varicelloviruses only. A phylogenetic analysis of viruses that inhibit TAP through their UL49.5 proteins reveals an interesting hereditary pattern, pointing toward the presence of this capacity in defined clades within the genus Varicellovirus.
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Jones C, Chowdhury S. Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) is an important cofactor in the bovine respiratory disease complex. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2010; 26:303-21. [PMID: 20619186 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2010.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BHV-1 is an important pathogen of cattle. Because of its ability to induce immune suppression, BHV-1 is an important agent in the multifactorial disorder, bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC). BHV-1 encodes several proteins that inhibit various arms of the immune system suggesting that these proteins are important in the development of BRDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinton Jones
- School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0905, USA.
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Batista H, Schmidt E, Spilki F, Franco A, Roehe P. Herpesvírus bovinos (BoHV-1.1 e BoHV-1.2b) em forma infecciosa em encéfalos de bovinos submetidos ao diagnóstico de raiva no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352010000500001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Verificou-se a incidência de herpesvírus bovinos (BoHVs) em encéfalos de bovinos submetidos ao diagnóstico de raiva no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Para tanto, amostras coletadas durante dois anos (n=70) foram submetidas ao isolamento viral em cultivos celulares. Os BoHVs foram isolados em dois (2,9%) encéfalos. Após serem submetidas à caracterização antigênica e molecular, as amostras foram subtipadas como BoHV-1.1 e BoHV-1.2b. A BoHV-1.1 foi isolada de um encéfalo que foi também positivo para raiva. O vírus da raiva foi identificado em 11 amostras (15,7%). Estes achados revelam que a incidência de BoHVs em forma infecciosa em bovinos com encefalite foi baixa, embora represente 16,7% (2/12) dos encéfalos nos quais um agente viral foi identificado. Tal fato confirma a já reportada associação entre BoHV-1 e encefalites. Esse é o primeiro relato da ocorrência de BoHV-1.2b, um subtipo considerado menos patogênico, em um caso de doença neurológica em bovinos.
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Arruda LP, Nakazato L, Dutra V, Lemos RA, Nogueira AP, Cruz RA, Pescador CA, Colodel EM. Detecção molecular de herpesvírus bovino 1 e 5 em amostras de encéfalo conservadas em formol e emblocadas em parafina provenientes de bovinos com doença neurológica. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2010000800007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
A infecção por herpesvírus bovino (BoHV) é uma das principais causas de doença neurológica em bovinos na região Centro-Oeste do Brasil. O uso de técnicas moleculares de diagnóstico representa uma contribuição importante para o estudo dessa doença. Este trabalho descreve o uso de uma técnica específica de PCR multiplex para identificar BoHV-5 e BoHV-1 em 76 amostras de encéfalo de bovinos fixadas em formol e incluídas em parafina. Com base nas alterações histológicas, as amostras foram separadas em 2 grupos: o Grupo 1 era composto de 40 amostras de bovinos com meningoencefalite necrosante característica da infecção por BoHV; no Grupo 2 estavam 36 amostras de casos com encefalite não-supurativa inespecífica. Identificação de BoHV-5 foi constatada em 40% das amostras do grupo 1 e em 33% das amostras do grupo 2. Não houve amplificação de DNA de BoHV-1 em nenhuma amostra.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ana P.A. Nogueira
- Agência Estadual de Defesa Sanitária Animal e Vegetal de Mato Grosso do Sul
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Mahony TJ. Bovine herpesvirus: What is missing from our understanding of the relationship between BoHV-1 and BoHV-5? Vet J 2010; 184:124-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2009] [Accepted: 06/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Salamoni SP, Mann MB, Campos FS, Franco AC, Germani JC, Van Der Sand ST. Preliminary characterization of some Streptomyces species isolated from a composting process and their antimicrobial potential. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-010-0366-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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A novel in situ polymerase chain reaction hybridisation assay for the direct detection of bovine herpesvirus type 5 in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. J Virol Methods 2009; 163:509-12. [PMID: 19917316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Revised: 11/03/2009] [Accepted: 11/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
An in situ polymerase chain reaction (IS-PCR) hybridisation assay was carried out on the brains of 20 cattle infected naturally with bovine herpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5). Sections from the olfactory bulb and the frontal cortex of each sample were analysed using IS-PCR followed by hybridisation targeting the BoHV-5 US9 gene using a biotinylated primer. Each of the IS-PCR and hybridisation steps was optimised, and three different methods for detecting the virus were used. No false positive signals were observed in any negative control sample (n=20), resulting in a specificity of 100%. The results of IS-PCR hybridisation analysis of the olfactory bulb and the frontal cortex be compared directly with the results obtained using virus isolation, and the specificity and sensitivity were calculated. The most suitable method of visualisation was the peroxidase/3'-3-diaminobenzidine (DAB) detection system coupled with the use of the fluorescent dye Cy3. Using either of these methods, 80% of the positive samples (16 out of 20 samples) were identified using olfactory bulb sections. This is the first report using IS-PCR hybridisation for the direct detection of BoHV-5 DNA in clinical samples, and it provides an additional method for veterinary virology.
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48
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Silva AD, Franco AC, Esteves PA, Spilki FR, Roehe PM. Experimental infection of rabbits with a recombinant bovine herpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5) gI, gE and US9-negative. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2009. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2009001100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5) is a major cause of viral meningoencephalitis in cattle. The expression of different viral proteins has been associated with BoHV-5 neuropathogenesis. Among these, gI, gE and US9 have been considered essential for the production of neurological disease in infected animals. To evaluate the role of gI, gE and US9 in neurovirulence, a recombinant from which the respective genes were deleted (BoHV-5 gI-/gE-/US9-) was constructed and inoculated in rabbits of two age groups (four and eight weeks-old). When the recombinant virus was inoculated through the paranasal sinuses of four weeks-old rabbits, neurological disease was observed and death was the outcome in 4 out of 13 (30.7 %) animals, whereas clinical signs and death were observed in 11/13 (84.6%) of rabbits infected with the parental virus. In eight weeks-old rabbits, the BoHV-5 gI-/gE-/US9- did not induce clinically apparent disease and could not be reactivated after dexamethasone administration, whereas wild type BoHV-5 caused disease in 55.5% of the animals and was reactivated. These findings reveal that the simultaneous deletion of gI, gE and US9 genes did reduce but did not completely abolish the neurovirulence of BoHV-5 in rabbits, indicating that other viral genes may also play a role in the induction of neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra D'Avila Silva
- Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Paulo Michel Roehe
- Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; UFRGS
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49
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Varela APM, Holz CL, Cibulski SP, Teixeira TF, Antunes DA, Franco AC, Roehe LR, Oliveira MT, Campos FS, Dezen D, Cenci A, Brito WD, Roehe PM. Neutralizing antibodies to bovine herpesvirus types 1 (BoHV-1) and 5 (BoHV-5) and its subtypes. Vet Microbiol 2009; 142:254-60. [PMID: 19926411 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2009] [Revised: 10/13/2009] [Accepted: 10/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out to determine whether the sensitivity of serum neutralization (SN) tests would be affected by the use of distinct subtypes of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) and 5 (BoHV-5) as test challenge viruses. Bovine sera collected from a randomized sample (n=287) were tested in a 24h incubation SN against three type 1 viruses (BoHV-1.1 strains "Los Angeles" (LA) and "EVI 123"; BoHV-1.2a strain "SV 265") and three type 5 viruses (BoHV-5a strain "EVI 88"; BoHV-5b strain "A 663" and BoHV-5c "ISO 97"). SN sensitivity varied greatly depending on the test challenge virus used in the test, particularly when results against each virus were considered individually, where it ranged from 77% (detecting 80 out of 104 antibody-positive sera) with ISO 97 to 91% (95/104) with BoHV-1.1 strain LA. All tests to single viruses revealed a significantly low sensitivity (McNemar's; p<0.05). Maximum sensitivity (104/104) was achieved when positive results to a particular combination of four of the challenge viruses (LA+EVI 123+SV 265+A 663) or some combinations of five viruses (or all six viruses) were added cumulatively. These results provide evidence for no association between any particular virus type/subtype and higher SN sensitivity. In addition, it was clearly shown that when SN is performed with single test challenge viruses, sensitivity can vary so significantly that might compromise control or eradication efforts. Performing SN against a number of different viruses demonstrated to improve significantly the test's sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P M Varela
- FEPAGRO Animal Health-Institute for Veterinary Research Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil
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50
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Campos F, Franco A, Hübner S, Oliveira M, Silva A, Esteves P, Roehe P, Rijsewijk F. High prevalence of co-infections with bovine herpesvirus 1 and 5 found in cattle in southern Brazil. Vet Microbiol 2009; 139:67-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2008] [Revised: 05/12/2009] [Accepted: 05/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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