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Powers TW, Mullins EK, Zhang K, Binder JJ, Friese O, Runnels HA, Thompson LC. Identification of Recombinant Chimpanzee Adenovirus C68 Degradation Products Detected by AEX-HPLC. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:753481. [PMID: 35449595 PMCID: PMC9017566 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.753481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Physicochemical tests represent important tools for the analytical control strategy of biotherapeutics. For adenoviral modalities, anion-exchange high performance liquid chromatography (AEX-HPLC) represents an important methodology, as it is able to simultaneously provide information on viral particle concentration, product purity and surface charge in a high-throughput manner. During product development of an adenoviral-based therapeutic, an accelerated stability study was performed and showed changes in each of the AEX-HPLC reportable attributes. These changes also correlated with a decrease in product infectivity prompting a detailed characterization of the impurity and mechanism of the surface charge change. Characterization experiments identified the impurity to be free hexon trimer, suggesting that capsid degradation could be contributing to both the impurity and reduced particle concentration. Additional mass spectrometry characterization identified deamidation of specific hexon residues to be associated with the external surface charge modification observed upon thermal stress conditions. To demonstrate a causal relationship between deamidation and surface charge changes observed by AEX-HPLC, site-directed mutagenesis experiments were performed. Through this effort, it was concluded that deamidation of asparagine 414 was responsible for the surface charge alteration observed in the AEX-HPLC profile but was not associated with the reduction in infectivity. Overall, this manuscript details critical characterization efforts conducted to enable understanding of a pivotal physicochemical test for adenoviral based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W. Powers
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Chesterfield, MO, United States
| | - Elise K. Mullins
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Chesterfield, MO, United States
| | - Kun Zhang
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Chesterfield, MO, United States
| | - Joseph J. Binder
- Cancer Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Olga Friese
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Chesterfield, MO, United States
| | - Herbert A. Runnels
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Chesterfield, MO, United States
| | - Lawrence C. Thompson
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Chesterfield, MO, United States
- *Correspondence: Lawrence C. Thompson,
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2
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Mullins EK, Powers TW, Zobel J, Clawson KM, Barnes LF, Draper BE, Zou Q, Binder JJ, Dai S, Zhang K, Friese O, Runnels HA, Jarrold MF, Thompson LC. Characterization of Recombinant Chimpanzee Adenovirus C68 Low and High-Density Particles: Impact on Determination of Viral Particle Titer. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:753480. [PMID: 34805110 PMCID: PMC8599148 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.753480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We observed differential infectivity and product yield between two recombinant chimpanzee adenovirus C68 constructs whose primary difference was genome length. To determine a possible reason for this outcome, we characterized the proportion and composition of the empty and packaged capsids. Both analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) and differential centrifugation sedimentation (DCS, a rapid and quantitative method for measuring adenoviral packaging variants) were employed for an initial assessment of genome packaging and showed multiple species whose abundance deviated between the virus builds but not manufacturing campaigns. Identity of the packaging variants was confirmed by charge detection mass spectrometry (CDMS), the first known application of this technique to analyze adenovirus. The empty and packaged capsid populations were separated via preparative ultracentrifugation and then combined into a series of mixtures. These mixtures showed the oft-utilized denaturing A260 adenoviral particle titer method will underestimate the actual particle titer by as much as three-fold depending on the empty/full ratio. In contrast, liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection proves to be a superior viral particle titer methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise K Mullins
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Chesterfield, MO, United States
| | - Thomas W Powers
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Chesterfield, MO, United States
| | - Jim Zobel
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Chesterfield, MO, United States
| | - Kory M Clawson
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Chesterfield, MO, United States
| | - Lauren F Barnes
- Chemistry Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | | | - Qin Zou
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Chesterfield, MO, United States
| | - Joseph J Binder
- Cancer Vaccines and Immunotherapies, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Stanley Dai
- Nektar Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Kun Zhang
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Chesterfield, MO, United States
| | - Olga Friese
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Chesterfield, MO, United States
| | - Herbert A Runnels
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Chesterfield, MO, United States
| | - Martin F Jarrold
- Chemistry Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Lawrence C Thompson
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Chesterfield, MO, United States
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3
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Transfiguracion J, Tran MY, Lanthier S, Tremblay S, Coulombe N, Acchione M, Kamen AA. Rapid In-Process Monitoring of Lentiviral Vector Particles by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2020; 18:803-810. [PMID: 32953931 PMCID: PMC7479275 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Lentiviral vectors (LVs) are a popular gene delivery tool in cell and gene therapy and they are a primary tool for ex vivo transduction of T cells for expression of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) in CAR-T cell therapies. Extensive process and product characterization are required in manufacturing virus-based gene vectors to better control batch-to-batch variability. However, it has been an ongoing challenge to make quantitative assessments of LV product because current analytical tools often are low throughput and lack robustness and standardization is still required. This paper presents a high-throughput and robust physico-chemical characterization method that directly assesses total LV particles. With simple sample preparation and fast elution time (6.24 min) of the LV peak in 440 mM NaCl (in 20 mM Tris-HCl [pH 7.5]), this ion exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (IEX-HPLC) method is ideal for routine in-process monitoring to facilitate the development of scalable and robust LV manufacturing processes. Furthermore, this HPLC method is suitable for the analysis of all in-process samples, from crude samples such as LV supernatants to final purified products. The linearity range of the standard curve is 3.13 × 108 to 1.0 × 1010 total particles/mL, and both the intra- and inter-assay variabilities are less than 5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Transfiguracion
- National Research Council, Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Michelle Yen Tran
- Viral Vectors and Vaccine Bioprocessing Group, Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke West #270, Montreal, QC H3A 0C3, Canada
| | - Stéphane Lanthier
- National Research Council, Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Sonia Tremblay
- National Research Council, Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Nathalie Coulombe
- National Research Council, Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Mauro Acchione
- National Research Council, Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Amine A Kamen
- National Research Council, Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada.,Viral Vectors and Vaccine Bioprocessing Group, Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke West #270, Montreal, QC H3A 0C3, Canada
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4
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van Tricht E, Geurink L, Galindo Garre F, Schenning M, Backus H, Germano M, Somsen GW, Sänger-van de Griend CE. Implementation of at-line capillary zone electrophoresis for fast and reliable determination of adenovirus concentrations in vaccine manufacturing. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:2277-2284. [PMID: 30951206 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A CZE method was validated and implemented for fast and accurate in-process determination of adenovirus concentrations of downstream process samples obtained during manufacturing of adenovirus vector-based vaccines. An analytical-quality-by-design approach was embraced for method development, method implementation, and method maintenance. CZE provided separation of adenovirus particles from sample matrix components, such as cell debris, residual DNA and proteins. The intermediate precision of the virus particle concentration was 6.9% RSD and the relative bias was 2.3%. In comparison, the CZE method is intended to replace a quantitative polymerase chain reaction method which requires three replicates in three analytical runs to achieve an intermediate precision of 8.1% RSD. Given that, in addition, the time from sampling till reporting results of the CZE method was less than 2 h, whereas quantitative polymerase chain reaction requires 3 days, it follows that the CZE method enables faster processing times in downstream processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewoud van Tricht
- Pharmaceutical and Analytical Development, Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lars Geurink
- Pharmaceutical and Analytical Development, Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Division of Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Francisca Galindo Garre
- Pharmaceutical and Analytical Development, Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Schenning
- Pharmaceutical and Analytical Development, Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Harold Backus
- Pharmaceutical and Analytical Development, Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marta Germano
- Pharmaceutical and Analytical Development, Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Govert W Somsen
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Division of BioMolecular Analysis, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cari E Sänger-van de Griend
- Kantisto BV, Baarn, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Division of Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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5
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Turnbull J, Wright B, Green NK, Tarrant R, Roberts I, Hardick O, Bracewell DG. Adenovirus 5 recovery using nanofiber ion‐exchange adsorbents. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:1698-1709. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Turnbull
- Department of Biochemical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondon United Kingdom
| | - Bernice Wright
- Department of Biochemical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondon United Kingdom
| | - Nicola K. Green
- Clinical BioManufacturing FacilityUniversity of OxfordOxford United Kingdom
| | - Richard Tarrant
- Clinical BioManufacturing FacilityUniversity of OxfordOxford United Kingdom
| | - Iwan Roberts
- Puridify, Stevenage Bioscience CatalystStevenage United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Hardick
- Puridify, Stevenage Bioscience CatalystStevenage United Kingdom
| | - Daniel G. Bracewell
- Department of Biochemical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondon United Kingdom
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6
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Ruščić J, Ambriović-Ristov A, Majhen D, Kolundžija S, Barut M, Benihoud K, Krajačić M. Manipulating adenoviral vector ion-exchange chromatography: Hexon versus fiber. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:4299-4304. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Ruščić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science; University of Zagreb; Zagreb Croatia
| | - Andreja Ambriović-Ristov
- Division of Molecular Biology, Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signaling; Ruđer Bošković Institute; Zagreb Croatia
| | - Dragomira Majhen
- Division of Molecular Biology, Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signaling; Ruđer Bošković Institute; Zagreb Croatia
| | - Sandra Kolundžija
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science; University of Zagreb; Zagreb Croatia
| | | | - Karim Benihoud
- Univ Paris-Sud; Orsay Cedex France
- CNRS UMR 8203, Vectorologie et thérapeutiques anticancéreuses; Gustave Roussy; Villejuif Cedex France
| | - Mladen Krajačić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science; University of Zagreb; Zagreb Croatia
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7
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Purification of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus using ultrafiltration and liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1017-1018:182-186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Kramberger P, Urbas L, Štrancar A. Downstream processing and chromatography based analytical methods for production of vaccines, gene therapy vectors, and bacteriophages. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 11:1010-21. [PMID: 25751122 PMCID: PMC4514237 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1009817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Downstream processing of nanoplexes (viruses, virus-like particles, bacteriophages) is characterized by complexity of the starting material, number of purification methods to choose from, regulations that are setting the frame for the final product and analytical methods for upstream and downstream monitoring. This review gives an overview on the nanoplex downstream challenges and chromatography based analytical methods for efficient monitoring of the nanoplex production.
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9
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Transfiguracion J, Manceur AP, Petiot E, Thompson CM, Kamen AA. Particle quantification of influenza viruses by high performance liquid chromatography. Vaccine 2015; 33:78-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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10
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Vellinga J, Smith JP, Lipiec A, Majhen D, Lemckert A, van Ooij M, Ives P, Yallop C, Custers J, Havenga M. Challenges in Manufacturing Adenoviral Vectors for Global Vaccine Product Deployment. Hum Gene Ther 2014; 25:318-27. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2014.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Paul Ives
- Crucell Holland BV, 2333CN Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Menzo Havenga
- Batavia Bioservices BV, 2333CK Leiden, The Netherlands
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11
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Molino JVD, Viana Marques DDA, Júnior AP, Mazzola PG, Gatti MSV. Different types of aqueous two-phase systems for biomolecule and bioparticle extraction and purification. Biotechnol Prog 2013; 29:1343-53. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- João Vitor Dutra Molino
- Dept. of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Block 16, Cidade Universitária; São Paulo 05508-000 Brazil
| | - Daniela de Araújo Viana Marques
- Dept. of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Block 16, Cidade Universitária; São Paulo 05508-000 Brazil
| | - Adalberto Pessoa Júnior
- Dept. of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Block 16, Cidade Universitária; São Paulo 05508-000 Brazil
| | - Priscila Gava Mazzola
- Dept. of Clinical Patology; Faculty of Medical Sciences; University of Campinas, Rua: Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz, Campinas; São Paulo 13083-887 Brazil
| | - Maria Silvia Viccari Gatti
- Genetics; Evolution and Bioagents Dept.; Biology Institute; University of Campinas, Rua: Monteiro Lobato, 255, Cidade Universitária “Zeferino Vaz,” Campinas; São Paulo 13083-862 Brazil
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12
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Gudlur S, Sukthankar P, Gao J, Avila LA, Hiromasa Y, Chen J, Iwamoto T, Tomich JM. Peptide nanovesicles formed by the self-assembly of branched amphiphilic peptides. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45374. [PMID: 23028970 PMCID: PMC3445502 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide-based packaging systems show great potential as safer drug delivery systems. They overcome problems associated with lipid-based or viral delivery systems, vis-a-vis stability, specificity, inflammation, antigenicity, and tune-ability. Here, we describe a set of 15 & 23-residue branched, amphiphilic peptides that mimic phosphoglycerides in molecular architecture. These peptides undergo supramolecular self-assembly and form solvent-filled, bilayer delimited spheres with 50–200 nm diameters as confirmed by TEM, STEM and DLS. Whereas weak hydrophobic forces drive and sustain lipid bilayer assemblies, these all-peptide structures are stabilized potentially by both hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds and remain intact at low micromolar concentrations and higher temperatures. A linear peptide lacking the branch point showed no self-assembly properties. We have observed that these peptide vesicles can trap fluorescent dye molecules within their interior and are taken up by N/N 1003A rabbit lens epithelial cells grown in culture. These assemblies are thus potential drug delivery systems that can overcome some of the key limitations of the current packaging systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushanth Gudlur
- Department of Biochemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
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13
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Cell culture tracking by multivariate analysis of raw LCMS data. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 167:474-88. [PMID: 22562494 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9661-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LCMS) is a powerful technique that could serve to rapidly characterize cell culture protein expression profile and be used as a process monitoring and control tool. However, this application is often hampered by both the sample proteome and the LCMS signal complexities as well as the variability of this signal. To alleviate this problem, culture samples are usually extensively fractionated and pretreated before being analyzed by top-end instruments. Such an approach precludes LCMS usage for routine on-line or at-line application. In this work, by applying multivariate analysis (MA) directly on raw LCMS signals, we were able to extract relevant information from cell culture samples that were simply lyzed. By using the recombinant adenovirus production process as a model, we were able to follow the accumulation of the three major proteins produced, identified their accumulation dynamics, and draw useful conclusions from these results. The combination of LCMS and MA provides a simple, rapid, and precise means to monitor cell culture.
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14
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Shen CF, Kamen A. Hyperosmotic pressure on HEK 293 cells during the growth phase, but not the production phase, improves adenovirus production. J Biotechnol 2012; 157:228-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2011.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Revised: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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15
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Shen CF, Lanthier S, Jacob D, Montes J, Beath A, Beresford A, Kamen A. Process optimization and scale-up for production of rabies vaccine live adenovirus vector (AdRG1.3). Vaccine 2011; 30:300-6. [PMID: 22079076 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.10.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Rabies virus is an important causative agent of disease resulting in an acute infection of the nervous system and death. Although curable if treated in a timely manner, rabies remains a serious public health issue in developing countries, and the indigenous threat of rabies continues in developed countries because of wildlife reservoirs. Control of rabies in wildlife is still an important challenge for governmental authorities. There are a number of rabies vaccines commercially available for control of wildlife rabies infection. However, the vaccines currently distributed to wildlife do not effectively immunize all at-risk species, particularly skunks. A replication competent recombinant adenovirus expressing rabies glycoprotein (AdRG1.3) has shown the most promising results in laboratory trials. The adenovirus vectored vaccine is manufactured using HEK 293 cells. This study describes the successful scale-up of AdRG1.3 adenovirus production from 1 to 500 L and the manufacturing of large quantities of bulk material required for field trials to demonstrate efficacy of this new candidate vaccine. The production process was streamlined by eliminating a medium replacement step prior to infection and the culture titer was increased by over 2 fold through optimization of cell culture medium. These improvements produced a more robust and cost-effective process that facilitates industrialization and commercialization. Over 17,000 L of AdRG1.3 adenovirus cultures were manufactured to support extensive field trials. AdRG1.3 adenovirus is formulated and packaged into baits by Artemis Technologies Inc. using proprietary technology. Field trials of AdRG1.3 rabies vaccine baits have been conducted in several Canadian provinces including Ontario, Quebec and New Brunswick. The results from field trials over the period 2006-2009 demonstrated superiority of the new vaccine over other licensed vaccines in immunizing wild animals that were previously difficult to vaccinate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Fang Shen
- Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council of Canada, Montreal, Canada
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16
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Effects of calcium ion on adenovirus production with high densities of HEK293 cells. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-009-3032-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Shen CF, Voyer R, Tom R, Kamen A. Reassessing culture media and critical metabolites that affect adenovirus production. Biotechnol Prog 2010; 26:200-7. [PMID: 19728394 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Adenovirus production is currently operated at low cell density because infection at high cell densities still results in reduced cell-specific productivity. To better understand nutrient limitation and inhibitory metabolites causing the reduction of specific yields at high cell densities, adenovirus production in HEK 293 cultures using NSFM 13 and CD 293 media were evaluated. For cultures using NSFM 13 medium, the cell-specific productivity decreased from 3,400 to 150 vp/cell (or 96% reduction) when the cell density at infection was increased from 1 to 3 x 10(6) cells/mL. In comparison, only 50% of reduction in the cell-specific productivity was observed under the same conditions for cultures using CD 293 medium. The effect of medium osmolality was found critical on viral production. Media were adjusted to an optimal osmolality of 290 mOsm/kg to facilitate comparison. Amino acids were not critical limiting factors. Potential limiting nutrients including vitamins, energy metabolites, bases and nucleotides, or inhibitory metabolites (lactate and ammonia) were supplemented to infected cultures to further investigate their effect on the adenovirus production. Accumulation of lactate and ammonia in a culture infected at 3 x 10(6) cells/mL contributed to about 20% reduction of the adenovirus production yield, whereas nutrient limitation appeared primarily responsible for the decline in the viral production when NSFM 13 medium was used. Overall, the results indicate that multiple factors contribute to limiting the specific production yield at cell densities beyond 1 x 10(6) cells/mL and underline the need to further investigate and develop media for better adenoviral vector productions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Fang Shen
- Animal Cell Technology Group, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council of Canada, 6100 Royalmount Ave., Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada
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18
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Identification of critical infection parameters to control helper-dependent adenoviral vector production. J Biotechnol 2009; 142:142-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2009.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2008] [Revised: 03/07/2009] [Accepted: 03/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Dormond E, Meneses-Acosta A, Jacob D, Durocher Y, Gilbert R, Perrier M, Kamen A. An efficient and scalable process for helper-dependent adenoviral vector production using polyethylenimine-adenofection. Biotechnol Bioeng 2009; 102:800-10. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.22113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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20
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Improved purification of recombinant adenoviral vector by metal affinity membrane chromatography. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 378:640-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.11.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2008] [Accepted: 11/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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Whitfield RJ, Battom SE, Barut M, Gilham DE, Ball PD. Rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of adenovirus type 5 particles with a prototype anion-exchange analytical monolith column. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1216:2725-9. [PMID: 19041094 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2008] [Revised: 11/02/2008] [Accepted: 11/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To support effective process development there is a requirement for rapid analytical methods that can identify and quantitate adenoviral particles throughout the manufacturing process, from cellular lysate through to purified adenovirus. An anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography method for the analysis of adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) particles has been developed using a novel quaternary amine monolithic column (Bio-Monolith QA, Agilent). The developed method separates intact Ad5 from contaminating proteins and DNA, thus allowing analysis of non-purified samples during process development. Regeneration conditions were incorporated to extend the functional life of the column. Once developed, the method was qualified according to performance criteria of repeatability, intermediate precision and linearity. The linear working range of analysis was established between 7.5 x 10(8) to at least 2.4 x 10(10) viral particles (3 x 10(10) to 9.6 x 10(11) viral particles/mL), with a correlation coefficient of 0.9992. Relative standard deviations (RSDs) for intra- and inter-day repeatability and precision for retention time and peak area were less than 1 and 2.5%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Whitfield
- Eden Biodesign Ltd., National Biomanufacturing Centre, Estuary Business Park, Liverpool, UK
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22
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From the first to the third generation adenoviral vector: what parameters are governing the production yield? Biotechnol Adv 2008; 27:133-44. [PMID: 19013226 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2008.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2008] [Revised: 10/13/2008] [Accepted: 10/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Human adenoviral viral vector serotype 5 (AdV) is presently the primary viral vector used in gene therapy trials. Advancements in AdV process development directly contribute to the clinical application and commercialization of the AdV gene delivery technology. Notably, the development of AdV production in suspension culture has driven the increase in AdV volumetric and specific productivity, therefore providing large quantities of AdV required for clinical studies. This review focuses on detailing the viral, cell and cell culture parameters governing the productivity of the three generations of AdV vectors.
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23
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Meneses-Acosta A, Dormond E, Jacob D, Tom R, Bernier A, Perret S, St-Laurent G, Durocher Y, Gilbert R, Kamen A. Development of a suspension serum-free helper-dependent adenovirus production system and assessment of co-infection conditions. J Virol Methods 2008; 148:106-14. [PMID: 18079009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2007.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2007] [Revised: 10/20/2007] [Accepted: 10/26/2007] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Helper-dependent adenovirus (HDAd), deleted in all viral protein-coding sequences has been designed to reduce immune response and favor long-term expression of therapeutic genes in clinical programs. Its production requires co-infection of E1-complementing cells with helper adenovirus (HAd). Significant progresses have been made in the molecular design of HDAd, but large scale production remains a challenge. In this work, a scalable system for HDAd production is designed and evaluated focusing on the co-infection step. A human embryo kidney 293 (293) derived cell line, the 293SF/FLPe was generated to produce efficiently HDAd while restricting the packaging of HAd. This cell line was adapted to grow in suspension and in serum-free medium. Multiplicity of infection (MOI) of HDAd ranging from 0.1 to 50 was evaluated in presence of HAd at a MOI of 5. Optimal MOIs for HDAd amplification were found in the range of 5-10. HAd contamination was only 1%. These results were validated in a 3 L bioreactor under controlled operating conditions where a higher HDAd yield of 2.6 x 10(9) viral particles (VP)/mL or 3.5 x 10(8) infectious units (IU)/mL of HDAd was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Meneses-Acosta
- Animal Cell Technology Group, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4P 2R2
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24
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Gilbert PA, Kamen A, Bernier A, Garnier A. A simple macroscopic model for the diffusion and adsorption kinetics of r-adenovirus. Biotechnol Bioeng 2007; 98:239-51. [PMID: 17597100 DOI: 10.1002/bit.21340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The diffusion of viruses toward cells is a limiting step of the infection process. To be modeled correctly, this step must be evaluated in combination with the adsorption of the virus to the cell surface, which is a rapid but reversible step. In this paper, the recombinant adenovirus (rAd) diffusion and its adsorption to 293S cells in suspension were both measured and modeled. First, equilibrium experiments permitted to determine the number of receptors on the surface of 293S (R(T) = 3,500 cell(-1)) and the association constant (K(A) = 1.9 x 10(11) M(-1)) for rAd on these cells based on a simple monovalent adsorption model. Non-specific binding of the virus to the cell surface was not found to be significant. Second, total virus particle degradation rates between 5.2 x 10(-3) and 4.0 x 10(-2) min(-1) were measured at 37 degrees C in culture medium, but no significant virus degradation was observed at 4 degrees C. Third, free viral particle disappearance rates from a mixed suspension of virus and cells were measured at different virus concentrations. Experimental data were compared to a phenomenological dynamic model comprising both the diffusion and the adsorption steps. The diffusion to adsorption ratio, a fitted parameter, confirmed that the contact process of a virus with a cell is indeed diffusion controlled. However, the characteristic diffusion time constants obtained, based on a reversible adsorption model, were eightfolds smaller than those reported in the literature, based on diffusion models that assume irreversible adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe-Alexandre Gilbert
- Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4P 2R2
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25
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26
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Berkowitz SA, Philo JS. Monitoring the homogeneity of adenovirus preparations (a gene therapy delivery system) using analytical ultracentrifugation. Anal Biochem 2007; 362:16-37. [PMID: 17223062 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2006.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2006] [Revised: 11/20/2006] [Accepted: 11/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study explores the capability of modern analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) to characterize the homogeneity, under product formulation conditions, of preparations of adenovirus vectors used in gene therapy and to assess the lot-to-lot consistency of this unique drug product. We demonstrate that a single sedimentation velocity run on an adenovirus sample can detect and accurately quantify a number of different forms of virus particles and subvirus particles. These forms include (a) intact virus monomer particles, (b) virus aggregates, (c) empty capsids (ECs), and (d) smaller assembly intermediates or subparticles formed during normal or aberrant virus assembly (or as a result of damage to the intact adenovirus or EC material during all phases of virus production). This information, which is collected on adenovirus samples under the exact formulation conditions that exist in the adenovirus vial, is obtained by direct boundary modeling of the AUC data generated from refractometric and/or UV detection systems using the computer program SEDFIT developed by Peter Schuck. Although both detectors are useful, refractometric detection using the Rayleigh interferometer offers a key advantage for providing accurate concentration information due to the similar response factors for both protein and DNA and its insensitivity to light scattering effects. Additional AUC data obtained from analytical band sedimentation velocity and density gradient sedimentation equilibrium experiments in CsCl with UV detection were also generated. These results further support conclusions concerning the solution properties of adenovirus, the identity of the different virus species, and the overall capability of boundary sedimentation velocity analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Berkowitz
- Department of Analytical Development, Biogen Idec Inc., 14 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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27
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Trilisky EI, Lenhoff AM. Sorption processes in ion-exchange chromatography of viruses. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1142:2-12. [PMID: 17240385 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.12.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2006] [Revised: 12/19/2006] [Accepted: 12/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Purified viruses are used in gene therapy and vaccine production. Ion-exchange chromatography (IEC) is the most common method for large-scale downstream purification of viruses and proteins. Published IEC protocols provide details for specific separations but not general methods for selecting operating parameters. To make the selection more systematic, we study adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) as a model virus and develop batch uptake and light scattering methods for optimizing the ionic strength and pH of adsorption, as well as providing heuristics for resin geometry. The static capacity for Ad5 was found to go through a maximum with increasing ionic strength. Comparison to a protein-resin system shows that resin capacity for the virus is at least an order of magnitude lower, even on a wide-pore resin. Virus penetration into the wide-pore resin is only partial and the uptake rate is an order of magnitude slower than the uptake onto a narrow-pore resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- E I Trilisky
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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28
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Tancevski I, Wehinger A, Patsch JR, Ritsch A. In vivo application of adenoviral vectors purified by a Taqman Real Time PCR-supported chromatographic protocol. Int J Biol Macromol 2006; 39:77-82. [PMID: 16530264 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2006.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2005] [Revised: 01/24/2006] [Accepted: 02/03/2006] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant adenoviral vectors encoding human HDL-cholesterol receptor SR-BI (Ad/hSR-BI) or beta-galactosidase (Ad/lacZ), respectively, were purified using a Source15 Q anion-exchange (AEX) column and quantified using two parallel Taqman Real Time PCR systems with different target sequences. Adenovirus concentrations were ascertained by 260 nm measurements, purity by 260/280 nm ratio and SDS-PAGE. Subsequently, adenoviruses were validated by experimental intravenous application into New Zealand White rabbits. Transgene expression was verified by functional assays determining plasma clearance rate of 3H-HDL-cholesterol, and was not affected by 21-months storage at -80 degrees C. No alterations of liver enzymes and C-reactive protein (CRP) upon Source15 Q adenovirus treatment could be detected, demonstrating biological safety of our protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Tancevski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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29
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Burova E, Ioffe E. Chromatographic purification of recombinant adenoviral and adeno-associated viral vectors: methods and implications. Gene Ther 2006; 12 Suppl 1:S5-17. [PMID: 16231055 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, recombinant adenoviral and adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors have been exploited in a number of gene delivery approaches. The use of these vectors in clinical gene transfer has increased the demand for their characterization, production and purification. Although the classical method of adenovirus or AAV purification by density gradient centrifugation is effective on a small scale, chromatographic separation is the most versatile and powerful method for large-scale production of recombinant adenovirus or AAV. This review describes different chromatographic modes for adenovirus or AAV purification and process development, as well as the utility of different purification steps for virus production. Advances in the development of viral vectors for gene therapy, such as the discovery of new AAV serotypes, adenoviral and AAV retargeting and improved production of helper-dependent adenoviral vectors, require further development of efficient purification methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Burova
- Regeneron Parmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
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30
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Duffy AM, O'Doherty AM, O'Brien T, Strappe PM. Purification of adenovirus and adeno-associated virus: comparison of novel membrane-based technology to conventional techniques. Gene Ther 2006; 12 Suppl 1:S62-72. [PMID: 16231057 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Adenovirus (Ad) and Adeno-associated virus (AAV) are efficient gene delivery systems; manipulation of the wild-type genome allows their use as vectors for the overexpression of desirable transgenes. Generation and purification of such viral vectors can be labour intensive, costly and require specialized equipment, but a new generation of membrane-mediated ion exchange kits for purification of recombinant virus may facilitate this process. Here, we examine the yields, transgene expression and purity of preparations of Ad and AAV purified using commercially available kits in comparison to other established techniques for purification of recombinant viral vectors. We demonstrate comparable results for Ad and AAV respectively in all parameters investigated, with a substantial reduction in purification time for the kit-based technology. Such approaches are attractive methods for small-scale purification of recombinant Ad and AAV viral vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Duffy
- Department of Medicine and Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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31
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Peixoto C, Ferreira TB, Carrondo MJT, Cruz PE, Alves PM. Purification of adenoviral vectors using expanded bed chromatography. J Virol Methods 2005; 132:121-6. [PMID: 16266756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2005.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2005] [Revised: 09/08/2005] [Accepted: 10/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The increasing numbers of pre-clinical and clinical trials where recombinant adenoviral vectors are used for gene therapy and vaccination require the development of cost-effective and reproducible large scale purification strategies of the biologically active particles. Alternatives to the traditional laboratory scale CsCl density gradient ultracentrifugation method, such as fixed bed chromatography strategies, have been developed, but the yields of final recovery remain too low due mainly to the capture and concentration steps taking place before and between the chromatographic stages. In this study, a rapid and efficient scale-able purification protocol allowing to obtain concentrated, pure and bioactive adenoviral vectors was developed. This allows efficient levels of binding to the column media and vector purification without centrifugation or filtration steps. Expanded bed chromatography followed by hollow fiber concentration allows the capture of viral particles directly from cellular extracts with high efficiency and vector purification is achieved in less than one working day with a minimal amount of sample handling, thus presenting an improvement over existing processes. The overall process yield reached 32%, representing an eight-fold improvement over results reported previously, while the purity is comparable to that obtained with the CsCl method.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Peixoto
- IBET/ITQB, Apartado 12, P-2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal
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32
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Henry O, Perrier M, Kamen A. Metabolic flux analysis of HEK-293 cells in perfusion cultures for the production of adenoviral vectors. Metab Eng 2005; 7:467-76. [PMID: 16198135 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2005.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2005] [Revised: 08/05/2005] [Accepted: 08/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To meet increasing needs of adenovirus vectors for gene therapy programs, development of efficient and reproducible production processes is required. Perfusion cultures were employed to allow infection at greater cell concentrations. In an effort to define culture conditions resulting in enhanced productivities, experiments performed at different feed rates and infected at various cell densities were compared using metabolic flux analysis. The highest specific product yields were achieved in experiments performed at high perfusion rates and/or low cell concentrations. The intracellular flux analysis revealed that these experiments exhibited greater glycolytic fluxes, slightly higher TCA fluxes, and greater ATP production rates at the time of infection. In contrast, cultures infected at high cell density and/or low medium renewal rates were characterized by a more efficient utilization of glucose at the time of infection, but the specific product yields achieved were lower. The intracellular flux analysis provided a rational basis for the implementation of a feeding strategy that allowed successful infection at a density of 5x10(6)cells/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Henry
- Institut de Recherche en Biotechnologie, CNRC, 6100 avenue Royalmount, and Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal, Campus de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Qué., Canada
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33
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Lusky M. Good manufacturing practice production of adenoviral vectors for clinical trials. Hum Gene Ther 2005; 16:281-91. [PMID: 15812223 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2005.16.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing importance of recombinant adenoviral vectors for gene therapy, cancer therapy, and the development of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines has led to worldwide efforts toward scalable process development suitable for commercial manufacturing of replication-deficient adenoviral vectors. This review focuses on the manufacturing of adenovirus for clinical trials in the context of good manufacturing practice conditions and regulations.
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34
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Henry O, Dormond E, Perrier M, Kamen A. Insights into adenoviral vector production kinetics in acoustic filter-based perfusion cultures. Biotechnol Bioeng 2004; 86:765-74. [PMID: 15162452 DOI: 10.1002/bit.20074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
One of the major limitations in the production of adenoviral vectors is the reduction in cell-specific productivity observed for increasing cell density at infection in batch cultures. This observation strongly suggests some nutrient depletion and/or metabolite inhibition in the media. These limitations have been partially overcome through other feeding strategies, such as fed-batch and sequential batch operations. To improve these results, we evaluated perfusion as a strategy to increase the volumetric productivity of HEK-293 cell cultures, by allowing productive infection at higher cell densities. An acoustic cell separator was employed in consideration of the increased shear sensitivity of the cells during the infection phase. The effects of perfusion rate and cell density at infection on the production of a recombinant adenovirus expressing the GFP were investigated. The perfusion mode allowed successful infection at cell densities in the range of 2.4-3 x 10(6) cell/mL, while maintaining a similar cell specific productivity (17,900 +/- 2400 VP/cell) to that of a batch infected at a low cell density (5 x 10(5) cell/mL). The highest virus concentrations (4.1 +/- 0.6 x 10(10) VP/mL) were attained for a feed rate of 2 vol/d and constituted a fivefold increase compared to a batch with medium replacement. Rapid assessment of the infection status was achieved through the use of on-line monitoring of respiration, fluorescence, and biovolume. Analysis of the kinetics of nutrient consumption and metabolite production revealed that a reduction in specific productivity is correlated with reduced metabolic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Henry
- Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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35
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Branovic K, Forcic D, Ivancic J, Strancar A, Barut M, Kosutic-Gulija T, Zgorelec R, Mazuran R. Application of short monolithic columns for improved detection of viruses. J Virol Methods 2003; 110:163-71. [PMID: 12798244 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-0934(03)00125-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Monolithic chromatography media represent a novel generation of stationary phases introduced in the last 10-15 years providing a chromatography matrix with enhanced mass transfer and hydrodynamic properties. These features allow for an efficient and fast separation of especially large biomolecules like e.g., DNA and viruses. In this study, the enrichment of virus RNA on short monolithic columns prior to molecular detection of viruses is described. Measles and mumps viruses were chosen as model viruses. The results show that it is possible to bind viral RNA on monoliths and concentrate viral nucleic acids from a fairly dilute sample. Consequently, a potential application of short monolithic columns is the concentration of virus RNA to improve the sensitivity and selectivity of viral detection with the possibility of isolating viral RNA from cell-free biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karmen Branovic
- Institute of Immunology, Rockefeller Street 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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36
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Abstract
The field of gene therapy is rapidly expanding with a major focus on the treatment of cancer. Replication-defective adenoviruses are vectors of choice for delivering corrective genes into human cells. Major efforts are directed to design new generations of adenoviral vectors that feature reduced immunogenicity and improved targeting ability. However, the production of adenoviral vectors for gene therapy applications faces a number of challenges that limit the availability of high quality material at the early stages of research and development in the gene therapy field. Moreover, very few papers have been published on the subject and information on large-scale production methods are only available through specialized conference proceedings. This review outlines the problems associated with mass production of adenovirus vectors and describes research efforts by a number of groups who have contributed to optimize production methods. Better understanding of the adenovirus infection and replication kinetics as well as better understanding of complementing cell line physiology and metabolism greatly contributed to improving vector titers and volumetric productivity at higher cell densities. Also, the critical aspect of viral vector quantitation is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Nadeau
- Animal Cell Technology Group, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4P 2R2
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37
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Transfiguracion J, Bernier A, Arcand N, Chahal P, Kamen A. Validation of a high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the quantification of adenovirus type 5 particles. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 2001; 761:187-94. [PMID: 11587348 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(01)00330-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An anion-exchange-high-performance liquid chromatography (AE-HPLC) method for the quantification of adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) total particles was validated according to performance criteria of precision, specificity, linearity of calibration and range, limit of detection, limit of quantification, accuracy and recovery. The viral particles were detected by absorbance at 260 nm using photodiode array detector (PDA). Cesium chloride (CsCl) purified Ad5 and lysate samples were used for the validation of the method. Relative standard deviations (RSDs) for the inter-day, intra-day precision and reproducibility for both the lysate and the Ad5 standard were less than 10 and 2% for the peak area and retention time, respectively. The method was specific for Ad5 which was eluted at 8.0 min. The presence of DNA does not affect the recovery of Ad5 particles for accurate quantification. Based on the error in prediction to be less than 10%, the working range was established between 2 x 10(10) and 7 x 10(10) VP/ml with correlation coefficient of 0.99975, standard deviation of 6.14 x 10(9) VP/ml and a slope of 3.04 x 10(5) VP/ml. The recovery of the method varied between 88 and 106% in all of the lysate samples investigated which is statistically similar to 100% recovery at 95% confidence interval.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Transfiguracion
- Animal Cell Technology and Downstream Processing Group, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council of Canada, Montreal, Quebec
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