Quantitation of mitomycin C in human ocular tissues by high-performance liquid chromatography-photo-diode array detection

Antineoplastic drugs and their analysis: a state of the art review

We provide an overview of the analytical methods available for the quantification of antineoplastic drugs in pharmaceutical formulations, biological and environmental samples.

Simultaneous determination of a selected group of cytostatic drugs in water using high-performance liquid chromatography-triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry

In recent years, an increasing concern has risen about the presence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment. Despite their toxicity, increasing consumption and release into the municipal sewage, only a few studies have been focused on cytostatic drugs, mainly due to the lack of methods for their simultaneous analysis. In this work, a method, based on solid-phase extraction prior to high-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry determination, was optimized and validated for the simultaneous determination of some (14) of the most widely used cytostatic drugs in river water, influent and effluent wastewater. Process efficiency was in the range between 41 and 99% in real samples, except for cytarabine (24%), docetaxel (17%) and methotrexate (30%), due to suppression effects; precision values were <11%, except for gemcitabine (up to 19%); and detection limits were in the range between 0.1 and 38 ng/L. Cytarabine, doxorubicin, etoposide, gemcitabine, iphosphamide and vinorelbine were found at concentration levels up to 14 ng/L in influent and effluent wastewater, showing an insignificant decrease during sewage treatment; cytarabine and gemcitabine were found in effluent wastewater and were also detected in river water associated with effluent discharges.

Analysis of anticancer drugs: a review

In the last decades, the number of patients receiving chemotherapy has considerably increased. Given the toxicity of cytotoxic agents to humans (not only for patients but also for healthcare professionals), the development of reliable analytical methods to analyse these compounds became necessary. From the discovery of new substances to patient administration, all pharmaceutical fields are concerned with the analysis of cytotoxic drugs. In this review, the use of methods to analyse cytotoxic agents in various matrices, such as pharmaceutical formulations and biological and environmental samples, is discussed. Thus, an overview of reported analytical methods for the determination of the most commonly used anticancer drugs is given.

Mitomycin C aqueous humor concentration after photorefractive keratectomy: an experimental study

PURPOSE

To evaluate mitomycin C (MMC) aqueous humor concentration after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).

METHODS

In this experimental study, twenty-four eyes of 12 male pigmented rabbits were divided into 4 groups and studied at the Institute of Vision and Optics, Department of Medicine, University of Crete, Greece. Eyes in groups 1 and 2 underwent PRK to correct -5 diopters (D) in a 6-mm optical zone, while sponges soaked with 0.02% MMC were applied on the exposed corneal stroma for 60 and 120 seconds, respectively. Similarly, eyes in groups 3 and 4 underwent PRK to correct -10 D in a 6-mm optical zone, while sponges soaked with 0.02% MMC were applied on the exposed corneal stroma for 60 and 120 seconds, respectively. Aqueous humor was extracted from all rabbit eyes 10 minutes after MMC application and high-performance liquid chromatography was performed immediately to detect and quantify MMC levels.

RESULTS

The mean aqueous humor concentration of MMC was 0.23+/-0.03 microg/mL, 0.39+/-0.05 microg/mL, 0.28+/-0.04 microg/mL, and 0.52+/-0.16 microg/mL in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The effect of application time and correction on aqueous humor MMC concentration was significant (p<0.0001 and p=0.019), while the exposure time had a greater impact on aqueous humor MMC concentration when compared with the attempted correction.

CONCLUSIONS

Both exposure time of MMC on the corneal stroma and the attempted correction was correlated with MMC aqueous humor concentrations.

LC-ESI-MSD fast determination of residual mitomycin C in hen aqueous humour after corneal refractive surgery

A simple, fast and reliable method has been developed for the assay of traces of mitomycin C (MMC) in hen aqueous humour samples. The determination was carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection. In isocratic elution analysis, the mobile phase was a mixture of water-acetonitrile (78:22, v/v) and the chromatographic column was C(18) at 35 degrees C. The method has been validated over a range from 0.1 to 250 microg L(-1) in hen aqueous humour with correlation coefficients higher than 0.999. Limit of detection and limit of quantification for MMC based in signal to noise ratio of 3 and 10, respectively, were 20 and 71 ng L(-1). The developed method allows the analysis of MMC in hen aqueous humour samples obtained at different times and conditions in order to evaluate and compare the efficacy of the drug administration.