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Salem Rizk M, Sultan M, Mohamed D, MoussaTony R. Simultaneous determination of dantrolene and paracetamol in human plasma by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1179:122816. [PMID: 34329892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A simple, sensitive, rapid and specific method based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) for the simultaneous quantification of dantrolene (DAN) and paracetamol (PAR) in real human plasma was developed and validated. The preparation of sample was achieved by liquid-liquid extraction with tertiary butyl methyl ether. The analysis was performed on a reversed-phase C18column (1.7 µm, 2.1 × 30 mm) using acetonitrile: 0.1% formic acid (80:20, v/v) as the mobile phase and pumped in an isocratic mode at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min using citalopram (CIT) as an internal standard. Tandem mass spectrometric detection was carried out by both positive and negative electrospray ionization (ESI) in the multiple-reaction monitoring mode (MRM). The analysis was carried out within 1 min for each sample which made it possible to analyze more than 350 human samples per day. Validation of the method was performed according to FDA guidelines for bio-analytical method. The method was found to be linear in the range of 25-2500 ng/mL and 100-10,000 ng/mL for DAN and PAR, respectively. The method was applied successfully for the determination of the two analytes in the plasma after oral administration of Dantrelax® compound capsules to healthy volunteers. The study was accomplished after approval of the ethics committee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Salem Rizk
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, 11795 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha Sultan
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, 11795 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia Mohamed
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, 11795 Cairo, Egypt; Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 11787 6 October City, Egypt
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Abdalah NA, Fathy ME, Tolba MM, El-Brashy AM, Ibrahim FA. Green spectrofluorimetric assay of dantrolene sodium via reduction method: application to content uniformity testing. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:210562. [PMID: 34295531 PMCID: PMC8278042 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.210562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Green analysis has turned out to be of a great value in all areas, including pharmaceutical analysis. Thus, it is extremely important to consider the environmental influence of each step in developing any analysis technique. The present work illustrates a validated, simple and green spectrofluorimetric method for the analysis of dantrolene sodium (DAN). The developed process is characterized by being of high sensitivity as well as being relatively inexpensive. The suggested technique based on the formation of a highly fluorescent product of DAN via its reduction by the aid of Zn/HCl system. The resulting fluorophore showed a powerful fluorescence at λ em 344 nm after excitation at λ ex 279 nm. Calibration graph revealed a great linear regression (r = 0.9998) within concentration ranging from 0.05 to 2.0 µg ml-1. The suggested method had very low detection and quantification limits of 0.010 and 0.031 µg ml-1, respectively. The applied technique was effectively used in the determination of DAN in its pharmaceutical preparations. The results were compared with those from using the official United States Pharmacopeia (USP) method and they were in a good agreement. Moreover, content uniformity testing of DAN in capsules was performed adopting the investigated technique with satisfying results. The greenness of the suggested technique was confirmed by the three standard assessment tools. Therefore, the developed technique can be used in the routine quality control analysis of DAN with minimum harmful impact on nature or individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora A. Abdalah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mona E. Fathy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Manar M. Tolba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Amina M. El-Brashy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Fawzia A. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
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Voltammetric analysis of dantrolene and its active metabolite with indomethacin in rat plasma. Bioanalysis 2018; 11:73-84. [PMID: 30539646 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2018-0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Differential pulse polarography was used for the concurrent analysis of the coadministered dantrolene (DAN) and indomethacin (IND) in plasma. MATERIALS & METHODS DAN and IND, Hanging mercury drop electrode and Britton-Robinson buffer at pH 5 were used. In plasma, cathodic reduction of DAN nitro group and its active metabolite at -0.2 V was done. IND was analyzed after carbonyl group reduction at -1.1 V. RESULTS Drugs determination in rat plasma with good recoveries and low limit of quantitation was done. Application to trace analysis of drugs in rat plasma was done with Cmax and Tmax determination. CONCLUSION This technique shows high sensitivity, simplicity and low cost. The method is US FDA validated and it is applicable to human level.
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Šelešovská R, Martinková P, Štěpánková M, Navrátil T, Chýlková J. Comparison Study of Voltammetric Behavior of Muscle Relaxant Dantrolene Sodium on Silver Solid Amalgam and Bismuth Film Electrodes. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2017; 2017:3627428. [PMID: 29057139 PMCID: PMC5615959 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3627428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Voltammetric behavior of muscle relaxant dantrolene sodium (DAN) was studied and the voltammetric methods for its determination using polished and mercury meniscus modified silver solid amalgam electrodes (p-AgSAE and m-AgSAE) as well as using bismuth film electrode (BiFE, ex situ plating on GCE) have been proposed. These working electrodes represent the most commonly used alternatives to mercury ones which come wrongfully into disfavor because of alleged toxicity of mercury. Within this work, the obtained results of DAN determination have been completed by corresponding statistical parameters and also some electrochemical characteristics of AgSAEs and BiFE were assessed, especially in comparison with the mercury electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renáta Šelešovská
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlína Martinková
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Štěpánková
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Navrátil
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the CAS, v.v.i., Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromíra Chýlková
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
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Salem H, Mohamed D. A comparative study of smart spectrophotometric methods for simultaneous determination of a skeletal muscle relaxant and an analgesic in combined dosage form. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 140:166-173. [PMID: 25594211 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.12.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Six simple, specific, accurate and precise spectrophotometric methods were developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of the analgesic drug; paracetamol (PARA) and the skeletal muscle relaxant; dantrolene sodium (DANT). Three methods are manipulating ratio spectra namely; ratio difference (RD), ratio subtraction (RS) and mean centering (MC). The other three methods are utilizing the isoabsorptive point either at zero order namely; absorbance ratio (AR) and absorbance subtraction (AS) or at ratio spectrum namely; amplitude modulation (AM). The proposed spectrophotometric procedures do not require any preliminary separation step. The accuracy, precision and linearity ranges of the proposed methods were determined. The selectivity of the developed methods was investigated by analyzing laboratory prepared mixtures of the drugs and their combined dosage form. Standard deviation values are less than 1.5 in the assay of raw materials and capsules. The obtained results were statistically compared with each other and with those of reported spectrophotometric ones. The comparison showed that there is no significant difference between the proposed methods and the reported methods regarding both accuracy and precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Salem
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, 14511 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia Mohamed
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 11787 6 October City, Egypt; Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, 11795 Cairo, Egypt.
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Ghoneim EM. Electroreduction of the Muscle Relaxant Drug Dantrolene Sodium at the Mercury Electrode and Its Determination in Bulk Form and Pharmaceutical Formulation. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2007; 55:1483-8. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.55.1483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Lin CM, Neeru S, Doufas AG, Liem E, Shah YM, Wadhwa A, Lenhardt R, Bjorksten A, Sessler DI, Kurz A. Dantrolene Reduces the Threshold and Gain for Shivering. Anesth Analg 2004; 98:1318-24, table of contents. [PMID: 15105208 PMCID: PMC1454474 DOI: 10.1213/01.ane.0000108968.21212.d7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Dantrolene is used for treatment of life-threatening hyperthermia, yet its thermoregulatory effects are unknown. We tested the hypothesis that dantrolene reduces the threshold (triggering core temperature) and gain (incremental increase) of shivering. Healthy volunteers were evaluated on 2 random days: control and dantrolene (approximately 2.5 mg/kg plus a continuous infusion). In Study 1, 9 men were warmed until sweating was provoked and then cooled until arteriovenous shunt constriction and shivering occurred. Sweating was quantified on the chest using a ventilated capsule. Absolute right middle fingertip blood flow was quantified using venous-occlusion volume plethysmography. A sustained increase in oxygen consumption identified the shivering threshold. In Study 2, 9 men were given cold lactated Ringer's solution i.v. to reduce core temperature approximately 2 degrees C/h. Cooling was stopped when shivering intensity no longer increased with further core cooling. The gain of shivering was the slope of oxygen consumption versus core temperature regression. In Study 1, sweating and vasoconstriction thresholds were similar on both days. In contrast, shivering threshold decreased 0.3 +/- 0.3 degrees C, P = 0.004, on the dantrolene day. In Study 2, dantrolene decreased the shivering threshold from 36.7 +/- 0.2 to 36.3 +/- 0.3 degrees C, P = 0.01 and systemic gain from 353 +/- 144 to 211 +/- 93 mL.min(-1).degrees C(-1), P = 0.02. Thus, dantrolene substantially decreased the gain of shivering, but produced little central thermoregulatory inhibition. IMPLICATIONS Dantrolene substantially decreases the gain of shivering but produces relatively little central thermoregulatory inhibition. It thus seems unlikely to prove more effective than conventional muscle relaxants for treatment of life-threatening hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ming Lin
- Research Fellow, Outcomes Research™ Institute, University of Louisville
| | - Sharma Neeru
- Research Fellow, Department of Anesthesia, Washington University
| | - Anthony G. Doufas
- Assistant Professor, Outcomes Research™ Institute and Department of Anesthesiology, University of Louisville
| | - Edwin Liem
- Assistant Professor, Outcomes Research™ Institute and Department of Anesthesiology, University of Louisville
| | - Yunus Muneer Shah
- Research Fellow, Outcomes Research™ Institute, University of Louisville
| | - Anupama Wadhwa
- Research Fellow, Outcomes Research™ Institute, University of Louisville
| | - Rainer Lenhardt
- Assistant Director, Outcomes Research™ Institute; Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Louisville
| | - Andrew Bjorksten
- Clinical Research Scientist, Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, Royal Melbourne Hospital
| | - Daniel I. Sessler
- Associate Dean for Research, Director Outcomes Research™ Institute, Lolita and Samuel Weakley Distinguished University Research Chair, Professor of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology, University of Louisville
| | - Andrea Kurz
- Professor and Chair, Department of Anesthesia, University of Bern; Associate Professor, Department of Anesthesia, Washington University; Professor and Associate Director, Outcomes Research™ Institute, University of Louisville
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Karan SM, Lojeski EW, Haynes DH, Bina S, Wesche DL, Boedeker BH, Muldoon SM. Intravenous Lecithin-Coated Microcrystals of Dantrolene Are Effective in the Treatment of Malignant Hyperthermia. Anesth Analg 1996. [DOI: 10.1213/00000539-199604000-00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Karan SM, Lojeski EW, Haynes DH, Bina S, Wesche DL, Boedeker BH, Muldoon SM. Intravenous lecithin-coated microcrystals of dantrolene are effective in the treatment of malignant hyperthermia: an investigation in rats, dogs, and swine. Anesth Analg 1996; 82:796-802. [PMID: 8615500 DOI: 10.1097/00000539-199604000-00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Dantrolene effectively treats malignant hyperthermia (MH) hut the current form, Dantrium, must be dissolved to a 0.33 mg/mL, pH 9.5 solution. This study describes lecithin-coated microcrystal formulations of sodium dantrolene (MC-NaD) and neutral dantrolene (MC-D) which reconstitute to 200 mg/mL within 1 min. In rats, the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of MC-NaD and Dantrium were similar: half-lives of 3.1 h, volume distributions of 0.54 and 0.59 L/kg, and 95% effective dose (ED95) values for depression of skeletal muscle twitch height (ED95T) of 2.6 +/- 0.7 and 2.8 +/- 0.5 mg/kg. In swine, the ED95T values for MC-NaD and Dantrium were also similar (2.8 +/- 0.4 vs 2.7 +/- 0.6 mg/kg), but MC-D and Dantrium were only similar at doses more than 2.5 mg/kg (ED95T: 3.5 +/- 0.4 vs 2.7 +/- 0.5 mg/kg). In susceptible swine, MC-NaD successfully treated five of six MH episodes and prevented MH in three of four swine. However, MC-NaD caused marked pulmonary hypertension in swine, while MC-D caused only a mild response that was eliminated by filtration. Likewise, MC-D caused no pulmonary response in dogs. These observations suggest that MC-D has potential to improve the treatment of MH.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Karan
- Department of Anesthesiology, F. Edward Herbert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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Wuis EW, Janssen MG, Vree TB, van der Kleijn E. Determination of a dantrolene metabolite, 5-(p-nitrophenyl)-2-furoic acid, in plasma and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1990; 526:575-80. [PMID: 2361999 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)82543-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E W Wuis
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, St. Radboud University Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Allen GC, Cattran CB. Rewarming following hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass in the malignant hyperthermia-susceptible patient: implications for diagnosis and perioperative management. Can J Anaesth 1989; 36:81-5. [PMID: 2914339 DOI: 10.1007/bf03010893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A 55-year-old, malignant hyperthermia-susceptible patient underwent myocardial revascularization without incident. Six hours postoperatively, he developed what was initially diagnosed as an MH crisis, for which he received intravenous dantrolene. The resultant muscle weakness prolonged the duration of postoperative mechanical ventilation and likely contributed to the development of a postoperative pneumonia. Plasma dantrolene levels were measured for the first 48 hours postoperatively and correlated with clinical findings. On reviewing the patient's perioperative course, it was felt that the hypermetabolic state was not due to MH. The patient's pattern of rewarming following hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass was similar to non-MH-susceptible patients. Because of the difficulty in diagnosing a MH crisis after hypothermic bypass, it is recommended that patients receive prophylactic dantrolene preoperatively and after bypass. Nondepolarizing muscle relaxants should be given postoperatively to prevent shivering and respiratory acidosis while patients rewarm.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Allen
- Department of Anaesthesia, University of Ottawa, Ontario
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