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Akramipour R, Babaei H, Castru-Cayllaha F, Golpayegani MR, Fattahi N, Fattahi F. Sensitive determination of daunorubicin in plasma of children with leukemia using pH-switchable deep eutectic solvents and HPLC-UV analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23532. [PMID: 38173485 PMCID: PMC10761566 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
An environmental friendly, fast, easy and inexpensive liquid-liquid microextraction (LLME) in combination with pH-switchable deep eutectic solvent (DES) method followed by HPLC was investigated for the separation and determination of daunorubicin (DNR) in human plasma samples. For this purpose, first, 9 DESs were prepared based on previous studies and their switchability in aqueous solution was evaluated by changing the pH. Non-switchable DESs were discarded and switchable DESs were used to extract DNR. The parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were optimized (DES type, volume of DES, concentration of KOH, volume of HCl, salt addition and extraction time). After optimizing the conditions and drawing the calibration curve, figures of merit were calculated. Relative standard deviations (%RSDs) based on 7 replicate with 50 μg L-1 of DNR in plasma were 2.7 for intra-day and 4.8 % for inter-day. A wide linear range from 0.15 to 200 μg L-1 was obtained. The detection limit of the method based on signal-to-noise 3 and the quantification limit of the method based on signal-to-noise 10 were 0.05 and 0.15, respectively. After spiking plasma samples with different concentrations of DNR, relative recoveries were obtained in the range of 91.0-107.8 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Akramipour
- School of Medical, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Khomeini and Mohammad Kermanshahi and Farabi Hospitals, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Homa Babaei
- School of Medical, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Golpayegani
- School of Medical, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Khomeini and Mohammad Kermanshahi and Farabi Hospitals, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nazir Fattahi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farshad Fattahi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Thormann W. Capillary electrophoresis for the determination of drugs in biological fluids. HANDBOOK OF ANALYTICAL SEPARATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64066-6.00004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Ribeiro JA, Silva F, Pereira CM. Electrochemical Study of the Anticancer Drug Daunorubicin at a Water/Oil Interface: Drug Lipophilicity and Quantification. Anal Chem 2013; 85:1582-90. [DOI: 10.1021/ac3028245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José A. Ribeiro
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade
do Porto, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Centro de Investigação em Química, Linha 4, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - F. Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade
do Porto, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Centro de Investigação em Química, Linha 4, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos M. Pereira
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade
do Porto, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Centro de Investigação em Química, Linha 4, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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Franzen U, Østergaard J. Physico-chemical characterization of liposomes and drug substance–liposome interactions in pharmaceutics using capillary electrophoresis and electrokinetic chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1267:32-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Chandra P, Zaidi SA, Noh HB, Shim YB. Separation and simultaneous detection of anticancer drugs in a microfluidic device with an amperometric biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 28:326-32. [PMID: 21820886 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Revised: 07/16/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A simple and highly sensitive method for simultaneous detection of anticancer drugs is developed by integrating the preconcentration and separation steps in a microfluidic device with an amperometric biosensor. An amperometric detection with dsDNA and cardiolipin modified screen printed electrodes are used for the detection of anticancer drugs at the end of separation channel. The preconcentration capacity is enhanced thoroughly using field amplified sample stacking and field amplified sample injection techniques. The experimental parameters affecting the analytical performances, such as pH, temperature, buffer concentration, water plug length, and detection potential are optimized. A reproducible response is observed during multiple injections of samples with a RSD <5%. The calibration plots are linear with the correlation coefficient between 0.9913 and 0.9982 over the range of 2-60 pM. The detection limits of four drugs are determined to be between 1.2 (± 0.05) and 5.5 (± 0.3) fM. The applicability of the device to the direct analysis of anticancer drugs is successfully demonstrated in a real spiked urine sample. Device was also examined for interference effect of common chemicals present in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranjal Chandra
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of BioPhysico Sensor Technology, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea
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Maudens KE, Stove CP, Lambert WE. Quantitative liquid chromatographic analysis of anthracyclines in biological fluids. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:2471-86. [PMID: 21840776 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2011] [Revised: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Anthracyclines are amongst the most widely used drugs in oncology, being part of the treatment regimen in most patients receiving systemic chemotherapy. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the sample preparation techniques and chromatographic methods that have been developed during the last two decades for the analysis of the 4 most administered anthracyclines, doxorubicin, epirubicin, daunorubicin and idarubicin in plasma, serum, saliva or urine, within the context of clinical and pharmacokinetic studies or for assessing occupational exposure. Following deproteinization, liquid-liquid extraction, solid phase extraction or a combination of these techniques, the vast majority of methods utilizes reversed-phase C18 stationary phases for liquid chromatographic separation, followed by fluorescence detection, or, more recently, tandem mass spectrometric detection. Some pros and cons of the different techniques are addressed, in addition to potential pitfalls that may be encountered in the analysis of this class of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristof E Maudens
- Toxicological Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk-Antwerp, Belgium
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Nowakowska J, Pikul P, Rogulski P. TLC of aclarubicin and doxycycline with mixed n-alcohol mobile phases. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2010. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.23.2010.5.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Hempel G, Relling MV, de Rossi G, Stary J, De Lorenzo P, Valsecchi MG, Barisone E, Boos J, Pieters R. Pharmacokinetics of daunorubicin and daunorubicinol in infants with leukemia treated in the interfant 99 protocol. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010; 54:355-60. [PMID: 19731319 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.22266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an extreme paucity of pharmacokinetic data for anticancer agents in infants. Therefore, we aimed at characterizing the pharmacokinetics for daunorubicin in infants and examined their relationship to age, body weight, and body surface area. PROCEDURE Leukemia patients treated according to the Interfant 99 protocol received 30 mg/m(2) daunorubicin, with dose reduction to 3/4 for patients 6-12 months old and 2/3 for patients <6 months, respectively. Plasma samples from 21 patients (aged 0.05-1.88 years) were collected and analyzed for daunorubicin and daunorubicinol. Samples from 12 children (age 1.6-18.8 years), who received daunorubicin in an earlier investigation, were used for pharmacokinetic model building using the software NONMEM. RESULTS Plasma concentration time profiles could be described using a two compartment model. Daunorubicin clearance was 43.9 L hr(-1) m(-2) +/- 65% and central volume of distribution 16.4 L m(-2) +/- 46%, whereas apparent clearance of daunorubicinol was 19.1 L hr(-1) m(-2) +/- 32% and apparent volume of distribution 228 L m(-2) +/- 80% (mean +/- interindividual variability). No age-dependency in any of the BSA-normalized pharmacokinetic parameters was observed. Consequently, due to the empirical dose reduction in infants the overall exposure to daunorubicinol in infants was smaller than would be expected from older children. Patients aged <6 months experienced more infections in the induction phase than the group aged 6-12 months at diagnosis. Other toxicities were similar in both groups. CONCLUSION We observed no indication of an age-dependency in the pharmacokinetics of daunorubicin. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:355-360.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Hempel
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Klinische Pharmazie, Münster, Germany.
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Rapid analysis of anthracycline antibiotics doxorubicin and daunorubicin by microchip capillary electrophoresis. Microchem J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2009.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Whitaker G, Lillquist A, Pasas SA, O'Connor R, Regan F, Lunte CE, Smyth MR. CE-LIF method for the separation of anthracyclines: application to protein binding analysis in plasma using ultrafiltration. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:1828-33. [PMID: 18461567 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Anthracyclines are chemotherapeutic drugs that are widely used in the treatment of cancers such as lung and ovarian cancers. The simultaneous determination of the anthracyclines, daunorubicin, doxorubicin and epirubicin, was achieved using CE coupled to LIF, with an excitation and emission wavelength of 488 and 560 nm, respectively. Using a borate buffer (105 mM, pH 9.0) and 30% MeOH, a stable and reproducible separation of the three anthracyclines was obtained. The method developed was shown to be capable of monitoring the therapeutic concentrations (50-50 000 ng/mL) of anthracyclines. LODs of 10 ng/mL, calculated at an S/N = 3, were achieved. Using the CE method developed, the in vitro protein binding to plasma was measured by ultrafiltration, and from this investigation the estimated protein binding was determined to be in the range of 77-94%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Whitaker
- R. N. Adams Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas, KS, USA
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Xia AL, Wu HL, Fang DM, Ding YJ, Hu LQ, Yu RQ. Determination of Daunomycin in Human Plasma and Urine by Using an Interference-free Analysis of Excitation-Emission Matrix Fluorescence Data with Second-Order Calibration. ANAL SCI 2006; 22:1189-95. [PMID: 16966808 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.22.1189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Daunorubicin (DNR) is a significant antineoplastic antibiotic, which is usually applied to a chemotherapy of acute lymphatic and myelogenous leukaemia. Unfortunately, cardiotoxicity research in animals has indicated that DNR is cardiotoxic. Therefore, it is important to quantify DNR in biological fluids. A new algorithm, the alternating fitting residue (AFR) method, and the traditional parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) have been utilized to directly determine DNR in human plasma and urine. These methodologies fully exploit the second-order advantage of the employed three-way fluorescence data, allowing the analyte concentrations to be quantified even in the presence of unknown fluorescent interferents. Furthermore, in contrast to PARAFAC, more satisfactory results were gained with AFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Lin Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, PR China
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Hempel G, Reinhardt D, Creutzig U, Boos J. Population pharmacokinetics of liposomal daunorubicin in children. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2003; 56:370-7. [PMID: 12968981 PMCID: PMC1884379 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2125.2003.01886.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the population pharmacokinetics of daunorubicin in children after administration of liposomal daunorubicin (Daunoxome). METHODS Plasma samples from 19 children with relapsed acute myeloic leukaemia and five children with other malignancies were collected. Daunoxome was administered as a 1- to 2.5 h infusion with doses ranging from 30 to 60 mg m(-2). Overall, 214 samples were analysed for daunorubicin using capillary electrophoresis, and population pharmacokinetic modelling was performed using NONMEM. RESULTS The data were best described by a one compartment model. Inclusion of interoccasion variability in the model (16.7% for clearance) improved strongly the precision of the estimates. The inclusion of body surface area or height as a covariate decreased interindividual variability. However, the best fit was obtained using the absolute dose, and when weight was included as a covariate for clearance (CL) and volume of distribution (V ). The final parameter estimates were: CL 6.41 ml h(-1) kg(-1) +/- 0.5 51% and V 65.4 ml kg(-1) +/- 0.5 27% (population mean +/- 0.5 interindividual variability). The area under the curve at a dose of 60 mg m(-2) was 231 mg l (-1)h. CONCLUSIONS In comparison with free daunorubicin, Daunoxome shows a low volume of distribution, a lower clearance and a lower interindividual variability in these parameters. This might be advantageous in reducing the variability in exposure to the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Hempel
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Hittorfstrasse 58-62, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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Griese N, Blaschke G, Boos J, Hempel G. Determination of free and liposome-associated daunorubicin and daunorubicinol in plasma by capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2002; 979:379-88. [PMID: 12498269 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(02)01440-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Liposomal daunorubicin (DaunoXome) is a formulation of the anticancer drug daunorubicin encapsulated into vesicles of about 45 nm diameter. To understand the pharmacodynamic relationships associated with the toxicity and efficacy of liposome-encapsulated daunorubicin in vivo and in vitro, it is essential to have a rapid method of separating the free and liposomal forms of the drug. We have developed and validated a method to quantify drug concentrations of liposomal daunorubicin, free daunorubicin and its main metabolite daunorubicinol that requires only 50 microl of plasma to conduct studies in children. The method involves the use of solid-phase extraction followed by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection. With LIF detection a limit of quantification of 1 microg/l is obtained for the free form and the metabolite. Precision and accuracy are in accordance with the generally accepted criteria for bioanalytical methods. The method is rapid and allows for multiple samples to be processed simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Griese
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinderheilkunde, Pädiatrische Hämatologie/Onkologie, Universität Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Strasse 33, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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