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Blasi F, Ianni F, Mangiapelo L, Pinna N, Cossignani L. In vitro anti-obesity activity by pancreatic lipase inhibition - Simple HPLC approach using EVOO as natural substrate. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:2786-2793. [PMID: 36583522 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic lipase (PL) is a key lipolytic enzyme in humans for the digestion and absorption of dietary fats. Thereby, PL is a well-recognized target in the management of obesity and its inhibition attracts the interest of researchers globally. The screening of new natural PL inhibitors as alternative strategy to the synthesis of chemical ones represents nowadays a hot topic in research. The main challenge in this matter is the lack of a universal analytical method allowing the monitoring of PL activity and the reliable quantification of lipid digestion products. RESULTS The (normal phase)-high-performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detector [(NP)-HPLC-ELSD] method proposed in this work represents a direct and rapid strategy to simultaneously quantify the products obtained from in vitro PL digestion. As one of the main novelties, the triacylglycerol (TAG) fraction from extra-virgin olive oil was selected as natural substrate. The PL activity was measured by monitoring the levels of remaining TAGs and formed free fatty acids (FFAs), using Orlistat as known inhibitor. The method validation confirmed the adequacy of the analytical method for quantitative purposes, showing high recovery percentage values (between 99% and 103%) and low relative standard deviation (RSD%) values (between 2% and 7%) for triolein and oleic acid standard solutions, as well as appreciably low limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values (respectively 58 and 177 ng mL-1 for triolein; 198 and 602 ng mL-1 for oleic acid). Finally, the developed HPLC-ELSD method was successfully applied to evaluate the inhibitory effect of a polyphenolic extract obtained from apple pomace. The results showed a comparable inhibition degree between a 4.0 mg mL-1 apple pomace solution and a 1.0 μg mL-1 Orlistat solution. CONCLUSION The proposed innovative method reveals highly sensitive and simple to follow the fate of PL digestion, thus opening the way to further investigations in the research of new potentially anti-obesity compounds. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Blasi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Federica Ianni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luciano Mangiapelo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Nicola Pinna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Lina Cossignani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- Center for Perinatal and Reproductive Medicine, Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Alonso-Esteban JI, González-Fernández MJ, Fabrikov D, de Cortes Sánchez-Mata M, Torija-Isasa E, Guil-Guerrero JL. Fatty acids and minor functional compounds of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seeds and other Cannabaceae species. J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Guil-Guerrero JL, Gómez-Mercado F, Ramos-Bueno RP, González-Fernández MJ, Urrestarazu M, Jiménez-Becker S, de Bélair G. Fatty acid profiles and sn -2 fatty acid distribution of γ-linolenic acid-rich Borago species. J Food Compost Anal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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González-Fernández MJ, Ramos-Bueno RP, Rodríguez-García I, Guil-Guerrero JL. Purification process for MUFA- and PUFA-based monoacylglycerols from edible oils. Biochimie 2017; 139:107-114. [PMID: 28595901 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Important health benefits have been attributed to monoacylglycerols (MAGs) due to their various physiological functions, owing to which they become candidates for use as functional foods in order to prevent the onset of certain diseases such as colon cancer. In this work, six edible oils, namely: olive, linseed, sunflower, evening primrose, DHASCO® and ARASCO® have been processed to obtain different MUFA- and PUFA- based MAGs. First, the oils were hydrolyzed by means of an enzymatic process using porcine pancreatic lipase and then the reaction products were fractionated by using a liquid chromatography column containing silica gel as stationary phase in order to purify the MAGs-enriched fraction. A second chromatography process was performed using silver nitrate coated silica gel as stationary phase, in order to obtain the different MUFA- and PUFA-based MAGs from the corresponding oils. Overall, MAGs based on oleic, linoleic, α-linolenic, γ-linolenic, arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids have been isolated in high yields and purities (92.6, 97.4, 95.3, 90.9, 100 and 95.3% purity, respectively). Positional distribution was determined by means of 1H NMR, which revealed a mix of 1(3) and 2-MAGs in variable proportions in the different MAGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J González-Fernández
- Food Technology Division, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, University of Almería, E-040120, Almería, Spain
| | - R P Ramos-Bueno
- Food Technology Division, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, University of Almería, E-040120, Almería, Spain
| | - I Rodríguez-García
- Organic Chemistry Division, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, University of Almería, E-040120, Almería, Spain
| | - J L Guil-Guerrero
- Food Technology Division, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, University of Almería, E-040120, Almería, Spain.
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Ramos-Bueno RP, González-Fernández MJ, Guil-Guerrero JL. Various Acylglycerols from Common Oils Exert Different Antitumor Activities on Colorectal Cancer Cells. Nutr Cancer 2016; 68:518-29. [PMID: 27007804 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1152382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of death in Western countries; therefore, the implementation of healthy dietary habits in order to prevent its occurrence is a desirable action. We show here that both free fatty acids (FFAs) and some acylglycerols induce antitumoral actions in the colorectal cancer cell line HT-29. We tested several C18 polyunsaturated fatty acid-enriched oils (e.g., sunflower and Echium) as well as other oils, such as arachidonic acid-enriched (Arasco®) and docosahexaenoic acid-enriched (Marinol® and cod liver oil), in addition to coconut and olive oils. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide test indicated inhibitory effects on HT-29 cells viability for FFAs, and monoacylglycerol and diacylglycerol (DAG) species, while the lactate dehydrogenase test proved that FFAs were the more effective species to induce membrane injury. Conversely, all species did not exhibit actions on CCD-18 normal human colon cells viability. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy showed the presence of necrosis and apoptosis, while the monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibition test demonstrated high activity for 2-monoacylglycerols derived from Arasco and sunflower oils. However, different monoacylglycerols and DAGs have also the potential for MAGL inhibition. Therefore, checking for activity on colon cancer cells of specifically designed acylglycerol-derivative species would be a suitable way to design functional foods destined to avoid colorectal cancer initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca P Ramos-Bueno
- a Food Technology Division, ceiA3, University of Almería , La Cañada , Almería , Spain
| | | | - José L Guil-Guerrero
- a Food Technology Division, ceiA3, University of Almería , La Cañada , Almería , Spain
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Fu J, Wang B, Gong D, Zeng C, Jiang Y, Zeng Z. Camphor Tree Seed Kernel Oil Reduces Body Fat Deposition and Improves Blood Lipids in Rats. J Food Sci 2015; 80:H1912-7. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; Nanchang Univ.; Nanchang 330047 China
| | - Baogui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; Nanchang Univ.; Nanchang 330047 China
| | - Deming Gong
- School of Biological Sciences; The Univ. of Auckland; Private Bag 92019 Auckland New Zealand
| | - Cheng Zeng
- Medical College; Nanchang Univ.; Nanchang 330031 China
| | - Yihao Jiang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering; Nanchang Univ.; Nanchang 330031 China
| | - Zheling Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; Nanchang Univ.; Nanchang 330047 China
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering; Nanchang Univ.; Nanchang 330031 China
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Guil-Guerrero JL, Ramos-Bueno RP, Gómez-Mercado F, Rincón-Cervera MÁ. Positional distribution assessment of essential fatty acids in several fats and oils including plant, fish, and microbial sources and subcutaneous fat of Galician horse. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201400315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Determination of triglycerides with special emphasis on biosensors: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 61:379-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Rincón Cervera MÁ, Venegas Venegas E, Ramos Bueno RP, Guil Guerrero JL. Synthesis and purification of structured triacylglycerols from evening primrose and viper's bugloss seed oils. Food Res Int 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2012.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Rincón-Cervera MÁ, Guil-Guerrero JL. Preparation of stearidonic acid-enriched triacylglycerols from Echium plantagineum seed oil. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200900160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Purification of GLA-Triglycerides from Evening Primrose Oil by Gravimetric Column Chromatography. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-009-1378-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Isidorov VA, Rusak M, Szczepaniak L, Witkowski S. Gas chromatographic retention indices of trimethylsilyl derivatives of mono- and diglycerides on capillary columns with non-polar stationary phases. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1166:207-11. [PMID: 17719055 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2007] [Revised: 07/23/2007] [Accepted: 07/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mono- and diglycerides play an important role in the metabolism of plants and animals. They are usually constitutive elements of complex mixtures and are not always as main components, which considerably hinder the identification of these analytes. This work communicates about a synthesis of a wide range of esters of glycerol and aliphatic C(6)-C(20) acids and presents gas chromatographic characteristics of 32 compounds in the form of the most reproducible parameters-linear-programmed retention indices on high-performance capillary columns with non-polar stationary phases. The article also presents mass spectra for a series of those glycerides which were not characterized earlier by these parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Isidorov
- Institute of Chemistry, Białystok University, 15-399 Białystok, Poland.
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Hita E, Robles A, Camacho B, Ramírez A, Esteban L, Jiménez MJ, Muñío MM, González PA, Molina E. Production of structured triacylglycerols (STAG) rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in position 2 by acidolysis of tuna oil catalyzed by lipases. Process Biochem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2006.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Fernández L, Pérez-Victoria I, Zafra A, Benítez PL, Morales JC, Velasco J, Adrio JL. High-level expression and characterization of Galactomyces geotrichum (BT107) lipase I in Pichia pastoris. Protein Expr Purif 2006; 49:256-64. [PMID: 16884921 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2006.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2006] [Revised: 04/20/2006] [Accepted: 06/06/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The mature lipI gene, encoding the lipase I from Galactomyces geotrichum BT107, was obtained by PCR from genomic DNA, sequenced and cloned into a Pichia pastoris expression vector. Clones containing multiple copies of lipI integrated in their genome were analyzed to achieve high-level expression of the recombinant lipase I. One strain with four or more copies of the expression cassette was able to produce more than 200mg/L of extracellular heterologous protein. The lipase I was partially purified using anion exchange chromatography and its activity on monounsaturated (triolein) and polyunsaturated (triEPA) triglycerides was analyzed by a novel HPLC-MS assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Fernández
- Department of Biotechnology, Puleva Biotech, Camino de Purchil, 66, 18004-Granada, Spain
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Falch E, Størseth TR, Aursand M. Multi-component analysis of marine lipids in fish gonads with emphasis on phospholipids using high resolution NMR spectroscopy. Chem Phys Lipids 2006; 144:4-16. [PMID: 16890212 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2006.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2005] [Revised: 05/23/2006] [Accepted: 05/23/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
High resolution NMR has been applied for assessment of lipid classes and acyl stereospecific positions of fatty acids in marine phospholipids and triacylglycerols. 1D and 2D NMR techniques in combination with recording of a number of reference standards have been used to interpret the (1)H and (13)C NMR spectra of fish gonads. (13)C NMR spectra gave information regarding the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). The carbonyl resonances showed that n-3 PUFAs primarily were esterified in the sn-2 position of PC and PE. The glycerol resonances showed that the PC/PE ratio was higher in roe than in milt and that roe comprised more triacylglycerols than milt. Thin layer chromatography showed that milt contained 2.4 times more cholesterol than roe, which was also found by integrating the (1)H NMR spectra. Concentration (mol%) of n-3 fatty acids were calculated from the (1)H NMR data and showed 44.8 and 36.3% in roe and milt, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Falch
- SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture Ltd., 7465 Trondheim, Norway.
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Janssen HG, Hrncirík K, Szórádi A, Leijten M. An improved method for sn-2 position analysis of triacylglycerols in edible oils and fats based on immobilised lipase D (Rhizopus delemar). J Chromatogr A 2006; 1112:141-7. [PMID: 16368101 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.11.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2005] [Revised: 10/26/2005] [Accepted: 11/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The use of lipase D (Rhizopus delemar) immobilised on microporous polypropylene as a replacement for the standard pancreatic lipases used in the stereospecific sn-2 position analysis of triacylglycerols from edible oils and fats is studied. Excellent hydrolysis characteristics are obtained in hexane/methanol solvents at reaction temperatures up to 60 degrees C with hydrolysis times of only 10-20 min. The favourable conditions for the hydrolysis reaction allow fats with higher melting points to be analysed and facilitate coupling of the hydrolysis reaction to the later steps in the analytical protocol. The performance of the new method is compared to that of the standard method using pancreatic lipase. The novel procedure is faster, manual sample handling is reduced, while the results obtained with both methods are comparable. The influence of alkyl-chain length on hydrolysis rates seems to be negligible for the most common vegetable fatty acids. Acyl migration was found to be absent. The short-term repeatability of the method ranges from 10% for fatty acids present at levels close to the detection limits to less than 1% for the major fatty acids. The detection limit is approximately 0.05%. Although the application of the immobilised enzyme in fully automated sn-2 position analysis seems to be promising, the attempts to do this using a packed bed reactor were not successful due to a rapid loss of enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Gerd Janssen
- Unilever Research and Development, P.O. Box 114, 3130 AC Vlaardingen, The Netherlands.
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López-López A, López-Sabater MC, Campoy-Folgoso C, Rivero-Urgell M, Castellote-Bargalló AI. Fatty acid and sn-2 fatty acid composition in human milk from Granada (Spain) and in infant formulas. Eur J Clin Nutr 2002; 56:1242-54. [PMID: 12494309 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate differences in fatty acid and sn-2 fatty acid composition in colostrum, transitional and mature human milk, and in term infant formulas. SETTING Departament de Nutrició i Bromatologia, University of Barcelona, Spain and University Hospital of Granada, Spain. SUBJECTS One-hundred and twenty mothers and 11 available types of infant formulas for term infants. DESIGN We analysed the fatty acid composition of colostrum (n=40), transitional milk (n=40), mature milk (n=40) and 11 infant formulas. We also analysed the fatty acid composition at sn-2 position in colostrum (n=12), transitional milk (n=12), mature milk (n=12), and the 11 infant formulas. RESULTS Human milk in Spain had low saturated fatty acids, high monounsaturated fatty acids and high linolenic acid. Infant formulas and mature human milk had similar fatty acid composition. In mature milk, palmitic acid was preferentially esterified at the sn-2 position (86.25%), and oleic and linoleic acids were predominantly esterified at the sn-1,3 positions (12.22 and 22.27%, respectively, in the sn-2 position). In infant formulas, palmitic acid was preferentially esterified at the sn-1,3 positions and oleic and linoleic acids had higher percentages at the sn-2 position than they do in human milk. CONCLUSION Fatty acid composition of human milk in Spain seems to reflect the Mediterranean dietary habits of mothers. Infant formulas resemble the fatty acid profile of human milk, but the distribution of fatty acids at the sn-2 position is markedly different.
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Affiliation(s)
- A López-López
- Departament de Nutrició i Bromatologia, Centre de Referència en Tecnologia dels Aliments (CeRTA), Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
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