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Maqbool T, Yousuf RI, Ahmed FR, Shoaib MH, Irshad A, Saleem MT, Qazi F, Sarfaraz S, Rizvi SA, Mahmood ZA. Cellulose ether and carbopol 971 based gastroretentive controlled release formulation design, optimization and physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of ondansetron hydrochloride minitablets. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:133841. [PMID: 39032888 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to design and optimize ondansetron (OND) gastro-retentive floating minitablets for better and prolonged control of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) with improved patient compliance. Minitablets were directly compressed and encapsulated in a size 2 capsule shell with an overall dose of 24 mg. Central composite design (CCD) was applied keeping one cellulose ether derivative HPMC K15M and Carbopol 971 as variable and used as swelling and rate retarding agents. The other cellulose derivative i.e. sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, along with mannitol, sodium bicarbonate, and talc, were used in fixed quantities. The floating lag time, total floating time, swelling index, in-vitro drug release, and zero-order (RSQ value), were critical quality parameters. The optimized formulation (Fpred) was evaluated for all critical parameters, along with surface morphology, thermal stability, chemical interaction, and accelerated stability. The in silico PBPK modeling was applied to compare the bioavailability of Fpred with reference OND immediate-release tablets. The numerical optimization model predicted >90 % drug release with zero-order at 12 h. In silico PBPK modeling revealed comparable relative bioavailability of Fpred with the reference formulation. The gastroretentive floating minitablets of OND were successfully designed for prolonged emesis control in patients receiving chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahmina Maqbool
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Ismail Yousuf
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Farrukh Rafiq Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Harris Shoaib
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Asma Irshad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Talha Saleem
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Faaiza Qazi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Sana Sarfaraz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | | | - Zafar Alam Mahmood
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
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Shammeri A, Abu-Huwaij R, Hamed R. Development and characterization of magnetic hydrogels loaded with greenly synthesized iron-oxide nanoparticles conjugated with cisplatin. Pharm Dev Technol 2024; 29:383-392. [PMID: 38619087 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2024.2341244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
A novel approach was devised to address the challenges in delivering cisplatin (CIS) for lung cancer treatment. This involved the development of a non-invasive hydrogel delivery system, aiming to minimize side effects associated with its administration. Using carbopol 971 (CP) and chitosan (CH) at varying ratios, the hydrogels were prepared and loaded with eco-friendly iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) conjugated to CIS. The physical properties, yield, drug loading, and cytotoxicity against lung cancer cell lines (A549) were assessed, along with hydrogel rheological properties and in vitro drug diffusion. Hydrogel A1 that composed of 1:1 of CP:CH hydrogel loaded with 100 mg IONPs and 250 µg CIS demonstrated distinctive properties that indicate its suitability for potential delivery. The loaded greenly synthesized IONPs@CIS exhibited a particle size of 23.0 nm, polydispersity index of 0.47, yield of 71.6%, with 88.28% drug loading. They displayed significant cytotoxicity (61.7%) against lung cancer cell lines (A549), surpassing free CIS cytotoxicity (28.1%). Moreover, they demonstrated shear-thinning behaviour, viscoelastic properties, and Fickian drug release profile over 24 h (flux 2.34 µg/cm2/h, and permeability 0.31 cm/h).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Shammeri
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Al-Salt, Jordan
| | | | - Rania Hamed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Systematic development of a gastroretentive fixed dose combination of lamivudine and zidovudine for increased patient compliance. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Es-haghi H, Bouhendi H, Bagheri Marandi G, Zohurian-Mehr M, Kabiri K. An investigation into novel multifunctional cross-linkers effect on microgel prepared by precipitation polymerization. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2012.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Singh RMP, Kumar A, Pathak K. Mucoadhesive in situ nasal gelling drug delivery systems for modulated drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2012. [PMID: 23199072 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2013.746659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The nasal route is an attractive target for administration of the drug of choice, particularly in overcoming disadvantages such as high first-pass metabolism and drug degradation in the gastrointestinal environment that are associated with the oral and other modes of administration. The major limitation associated is of rapid mucociliary clearance in the nasal delivery that results in low absorption and hence poor bioavailability. In order to overcome this, mucoadhesive in situ nasal gelling drug delivery systems have been explored to develop sustained/controlled delivery via nasal route. AREAS COVERED The present review critically evaluates the importance of in situ gel for the nasal delivery of drugs, and the polymers used in the formulation of in situ gel along with their mechanism of gelation. It also encompasses the research reports made in this arena of delivery system. EXPERT OPINION The challenges of drug delivery through nose has led to development of in situ nasal gelling systems using a myriad of polymers to deliver the drugs, proteins, amino acids, hormones, vaccines and plasmid DNA for the local, systemic and central nervous system effects. Though a range of preclinical reports are available, clinical intricacies need to be critically worked out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena M P Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy, PO Chhattikara, Mathura 281001, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Kawata K, Hanawa T, Endo N, Suzuki M, Oguchi T. Formulation study on retinoic acid gel composed of iota-carrageenan, polyethylene oxide and Emulgen® 408. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2012; 60:825-30. [PMID: 22790813 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c110500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, all-trans retinoic acid (RA) gels formulated with various compositions of polyethylene oxide (Emulgen®) and iota-carrageenan (ι-CG) were prepared and their physicochemical properties were evaluated. The compression energy, which is the work required to compress the product through a fixed distance, increased with increasing amount of ι-CG or Emulgen®. The adhesion energy and displacement decreased with increasing amount of ι-CG or Emulgen® due to the progression of gel formation. From the results of the sensory tests, the properties of RA gels such as adhesiveness, gel strength and spreadability seemed to be adjustable depending on the condition of skin by varying the components of RA gels. Through photostability study, the expiration date and storage conditions of RA gels were determined as "4°C for 28 d with no exposure to light."
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Affiliation(s)
- Keishi Kawata
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Yamanashi Hospital, Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
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Thermoresponsive hydrogels with low toxicity from mixtures of ethyl(hydroxyethyl) cellulose and arginine-based surfactants. Int J Pharm 2012; 436:454-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Harrington JC. The effects of neutralization on the dynamic rheology of polyelectrolyte microgel mucilages. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Varum FJ, Veiga F, Sousa JS, Basit AW. Mucoadhesive platforms for targeted delivery to the colon. Int J Pharm 2011; 420:11-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Es-Haghi H, Bouhendi H, Marandi GB, Zohurian-Mehr MJ, Kabiri K. Rheological Properties of Microgel Prepared with Long-Chain Crosslinkers by a Precipitation Polymerization Method. J MACROMOL SCI B 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2011.610232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Es-Haghi
- a Department of Chemistry, Karaj Branch , Islamic Azad University , Karaj , Iran
| | - H. Bouhendi
- b Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI) , Tehran , Iran
| | - G. Bagheri Marandi
- a Department of Chemistry, Karaj Branch , Islamic Azad University , Karaj , Iran
| | | | - K. Kabiri
- b Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI) , Tehran , Iran
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A novel domperidone hydrogel: preparation, characterization, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic properties. JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY 2011; 2011:841054. [PMID: 21490756 PMCID: PMC3065843 DOI: 10.1155/2011/841054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to prepare a novel domperidone hydrogel. The domperidone dispersion was prepared by the solvent evaporation method. The characteristics of domperidone dispersion were measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffractometry, and solubility test, respectively. Domperidone hydrogel was prepared by directly incorporating the domperidone dispersion in Carbopol hydrogel to increase its mucoadhesive properties to gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The in vivo pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies were investigated to evaluate the relative oral bioavailability and the propulsion efficacy of domperidone hydrogel as compared with market domperidone tablet (Motilium tablet). The particle size of domperidone dispersion in distilled water was 454.0 nm. The results of DSC and X-ray indicated that domperidone in dispersion was in amorphous state. The solubility of domperidone in the dispersion in distilled water, pH of 1, 5, and 7 buffer solution was 45.7-, 63.9-, 13.1-, and 3.7-fold higher than that of raw domperidone, respectively. The area under the plasma concentration curve (AUC(0-24)) in domperidone hydrogel was 2.2-fold higher than that of tablet. The prolonged propulsion efficacy in the domperidone hydrogel group compared to that in tablet group was observed in the pharmacodynamic test.
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Andrews GP, Jones DS. Rheological characterization of bioadhesive binary polymeric systems designed as platforms for drug delivery implants. Biomacromolecules 2006; 7:899-906. [PMID: 16529429 DOI: 10.1021/bm050620y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the formulation and characterization of binary interactive polymeric systems, designed as platforms for improved drug delivery to mucosal sites. Binary interactive systems were manufactured containing hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC; 1-5% w/w) and polycarbophil (PC; 1-5% w/w) at pH 7, and their rheological (flow and dynamic), mechanical, and mucoadhesive properties were characterized, both before and after dilution with phosphate buffered saline (designed to mimic dilution by biological fluids). Physical interactions between HEC and PC were confirmed by the observed rheological synergy. Within the binary interactive systems increasing polymer concentration increased the storage modulus (G'), loss modulus (G' '), dynamic viscosity (eta'), hardness, compressibility, consistency, and mucoadhesion yet decreased the loss tangent. This was attributed to enhanced entanglements and interactions between adjacent polymer chains. Dilution with PBS altered the above properties; however, the binary interactive systems, particularly those containing higher concentrations of HEC, still exhibited predominantly elastic properties (high G', low tan delta). In light of this, it is suggested that the rheological and mucoadhesive properties of binary interactive systems composed of HEC (5% w/w) and PC (1-3% w/w) offered particular promise as platforms for topical mucosal drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin P Andrews
- Medical Polymers Research Institute, The School of Pharmacy, The Queen's University of Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
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Masmoudi H, Piccerelle P, Le Dréau Y, Kister J. A Rheological Method to Evaluate the Physical Stability of Highly Viscous Pharmaceutical Oil-in-Water Emulsions. Pharm Res 2006; 23:1937-47. [PMID: 16850264 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-006-9038-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2006] [Accepted: 04/13/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to develop a rheological method to evaluate the stability of highly viscous pharmaceutical emulsions. Thereby, the time devoted to the storage tests could be reduced and manufacturers could save time in optimizing their formulations and manufacturing techniques for topical pharmaceutical forms. The influence of the type of oil and the type of emulsifier on the microstructure of the emulsions was also studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS The samples were stored at 25 and at 50 degrees C for 6 months and analysed every month using rheological as well as microscopic techniques. The size and the organization of the droplets within the emulsion were determined by freeze-fracture electron microscopy and optical contrast phase microscopy. RESULTS A decrease in the rheological parameters was observed for the OC emulsions ("Tween/Span" emulsions made with olive oil) and the "Montanov" emulsions. The rheological measurements showed that the structure of the OC emulsions and that of the emulsions made with the Montanov 82 emulsifier become more brittle when submitted to a shear force. The micrographs obtained by freeze-fracture electron microscopy showed that for OC only the oil droplets arrange in a network structure. Storage tests at 50 degrees C confirmed the rheological assumptions on the stability of emulsions. CONCLUSION The study of the effect of shearing on the emulsions allowed quick discrimination between the emulsions according to their stabilities. The rheological tool gave information on the structure of the emulsions and on the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda Masmoudi
- Lab. GOAE, CNRS UMR 6171, service 451, Université Paul Cézanne Aix-Marseille III, Avenue Escadrille Normandie Niemen 13397, Marseille cedex 20, France.
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Díez-Sales O, Garrigues TM, Herráez JV, Belda R, Martín-Villodre A, Herráez M. In vitro percutaneous penetration of acyclovir from solvent systems and Carbopol 971-P hydrogels: influence of propylene glycol. J Pharm Sci 2005; 94:1039-47. [PMID: 15793815 DOI: 10.1002/jps.20317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism underlying propylene glycol (PG) effects on acyclovir (ACV) penetration through human epidermis were studied. Solvent systems and Carbopol gels containing increasing percentage of PG (from 0% to 70%, w/w) were used. Viscosity studies of both vehicles were carried out to characterise the influence of rheological behaviour. In solvent systems skin permeation values of ACV increase as the concentration of PG increase yielding a maximum enhancement ratio (ER = 10) for 70% PG. The release rate of ACV from gels was determined. Higuchi's model was used to estimate the apparent diffusion coefficient of the drug. These values show a decrease as the content of PG in the vehicle increases; this effect could be attributed to the increase of the viscosity in the diffusional pathway. When gels are used skin permeation values of ACV were smaller than those of the solvent systems. This could be attributed to the network structure created by the polymer that increases the length of the diffusional pathway. The maximum ER (= 6.8) was for Carbopol gel containing 50% PG. Therefore, these gels can be considered candidates for further research to confirm their usefulness as delivery systems for ACV topical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Díez-Sales
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Valencia, Spain.
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Herráez-Domínguez JV, León FGGD, Díez-Sales O, Herráez-Domínguez M. Rheological characterization of two viscosity grades of methylcellulose: an approach to the modeling of the thixotropic behaviour. Colloid Polym Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-005-1332-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Dodou D, Breedveld P, Wieringa PA. Mucoadhesives in the gastrointestinal tract: revisiting the literature for novel applications. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2005; 60:1-16. [PMID: 15848050 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2005.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2004] [Revised: 12/23/2004] [Accepted: 01/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This article investigates applying mucoadhesives to manipulate friction and to achieve locomotion of an alternative colonoscopic device through the large intestine. Considering that such an application of mucoadhesives is new, the authors recognised the need to revisit the different aspects of mucoadhesion in the gastrointestinal tract on the basis of the literature and to re-evaluate them according to the requirements for intestinal locomotion. First, the material properties, which are critical for the locomotion mechanism and specific categories of mucoadhesives characterised by those critical properties were identified. The next step was to examine the structural characteristics of those categories to specify which of the already synthesised mucoadhesives are promising candidates for friction manipulation. Then, the response of those mucoadhesives to a number of environmental stimuli was examined. At the end, two in vitro experiments were carried out to study the potential of mucoadhesives for intestinal locomotion. A comparative analysis of the role of mucoadhesives in drug delivery and in intestinal locomotion leads to the conclusion that the two applications can be approached to one extent with common principles, but crucial differences are present as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Dodou
- Man-Machine Systems Group, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Marine Technology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
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Jiménez MM, Fresno MJ, Ramírez A. The Influence of Cosolvent Polarity on the Flow Properties of Hydroalcoholic Gels. Empirical Models. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2005; 53:1097-102. [PMID: 16141575 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.53.1097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of cosolvent polarity on the rheological flow properties of aqueous and hydroalcoholic gels obtained from the Carbopol Ultrez 10 base and used for topical applications. Specifically, we have examined the effect of pH (range 4.0--7.0) on the consistency and flow properties of dispersed systems in water and mixtures--15 : 85% v/v of methanol : water, ethanol : water, n-propanol : water and n-butanol : water--at a constant polymer concentration of 0.3% w/w. The gels, which had decreasing polarity values in the jellifying medium, showed qualitatively similar flow behavior, characteristic of pseudoplastic systems, and all of the flow curves were adjusted to the Ostwald model. Sigmoidal dose response functions were calculated to describe the flow and consistency indexes as a function of pH. As a result, the influence of alcohol polarity on the polymer network has been assessed meaningfully using the empirical parameters obtained: maximum consistency index value (k(max)), pH value required for 50% development of polymer network (pH(50)), and asymptotic flow index value (n(min)) for the fully structured gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Magdalena Jiménez
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alcalá University; Campus Universitario E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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Hanawa T, Masuda N, Mohri K, Kawata K, Suzuki M, Nakajima S. Development of patient-friendly preparations: preparation of a new allopurinol mouthwash containing polyethylene(oxide) and carrageenan. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2004; 30:151-61. [PMID: 15089049 DOI: 10.1081/ddc-120028710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Stomatitis is a harmful side effect induced by high and/or multiple dosing of cytotoxic drugs such as 5-fluorouracil. Allopurinol mouthwash has been used to prevent stomatitis induced by cancer chemotherapy. In the present study, the pharmaceutical utility of allopurinol mouthwash (Alkox-mw), which consists of polyethylene(oxide) (Alkox) and iota-carrageenan (INA), was investigated as a possible material for a new oral dosage preparation for improving the adhesiveness onto the oral mucosa. From the observation of the gel formation, which was studied as a function of the variety of the added Alkox and/or INA, the preferential compositions of Alkox-mw (Alkox:INA % ratio) seemed to be 1.0:(0-1.0) and (0-3.0):0.4, respectively. The adhesiveness and the spinnability of various allopurinol mouthwashes were also investigated using a creep meter. The adhesiveness of Alkox-mw increased with the increase in the amount of added Alkox. Furthermore, the adhesion force of Alkox-mw was greater than that of allopurinol mouthwash consisting of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-Na). From the in vitro assessment of mimicking the effusion of the allopurinol mouthwashes from the surface of the oral mucosa, the effusion of Alkox-mws was retarded by the added Alkox. The results obtained in the present study suggest that Alkox-mws may be useful as a new dosage form that adheres to the oral mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehisa Hanawa
- Department of Pharmacy, Yamanashi Medical University, Tamaho, Yamanashi, Japan.
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