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Montibeller GR, Schackmann B, Urbschat S, Oertel JMK. Effect of granulocyte colony–stimulating factor on the cochlear nuclei after creation of a partial nerve lesion: an experimental study in rats. J Neurosurg 2018; 128:296-303. [DOI: 10.3171/2016.10.jns161109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVEThe risk of injury of the cochlear nerve during angle (CPA) surgery is high. Granulocyte colony–stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been found in various experimental models of peripheral and CNS injury to have a neuroprotective effect by inhibiting apoptosis and inflammation. However, to the authors' knowledge, the influence of G-CSF on cochlear nerve regeneration has not been reported. This study investigated the neuroprotective effect of G-CSF after a partial cochlear nerve lesion in rats.METHODSA lesion of the right cochlear nerve in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats was created using a water-jet dissector with a pressure of 8 bar. In the first group (G-CSF-post), G-CSF was administrated on Days 1, 3, and 5 after the surgery. The second group (G-CSF-pre/post) was treated with G-CSF 1 day before and 1, 3, and 5 days after applying the nerve injury. The control group received sodium chloride after nerve injury at the various time points. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) were measured directly before and after nerve injury and on Days 1 and 7 to evaluate the acoustic function of the cochlear nerve. The animals were sacrificed 1 week after the operation, and their brains were fixed in formalin. Nissl staining of the cochlear nuclei was performed, and histological sections were analyzed with a light microscope and an image-processing program. The numbers of neurons in the cochlear nuclei were assessed.RESULTSThe values for Waves 2 and 4 of the BAEPs decreased abruptly in all 3 groups in the direct postoperative measurement. Although the amplitude in the control group did not recover, it increased in both treatment groups. According to 2-way ANOVA, groups treated with G-CSF had a significant increase in BAEP Wave II amplitudes on the right side (p = 0.0401) after the applied cochlear nerve injury. With respect to Wave IV, a trend toward better recovery in the G-CSF groups was found, but this difference did not reach statistical significance. In the histological analysis, higher numbers of neurons were found in the G-CSF groups. In the statistical analysis, the difference in the numbers of neurons between the control and G-CSF-post groups reached significance (p = 0.0086). The difference in the numbers of neurons between the control and G-CSF-pre/post groups and between the G-CSF-post and G-CSF-pre/post groups did not reach statistical significance.CONCLUSIONSThe use of G-CSF improved the function of the eighth cranial nerve and protected cochlear nucleus cells from destruction after a controlled partial injury of the nerve. These findings might be relevant for surgery that involves CPA tumors. The use of G-CSF in patients with a lesion in the CPA might improve postoperative outcomes.
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Huang H, Ya J, Wu Z, Wen C, Zheng S, Tian C, Ren H, Carlson S, Yu H, Chen F, Jianhong W. Dose-Dependent Changes in Auditory Sensory Gating in the Prefrontal Cortex of the Cynomolgus Monkey. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:1752-60. [PMID: 27218151 PMCID: PMC4920095 DOI: 10.12659/msm.898938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensory gating, often described as the ability to filter out irrelevant information that is repeated in close temporal proximity, is essential for the selection, processing, and storage of more salient information. This study aimed to test the effect of sensory gating under anesthesia in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of monkeys following injection of bromocriptine, haloperidol, and phencyclidine (PCP). MATERIAL AND METHODS We used an auditory evoked potential that can be elicited by sound to examine sensory gating during treatment with haloperidol, bromocriptine, and PCP in the PFC in the cynomolgus monkey. Scalp electrodes were located in the bilateral PFC and bilateral temporal, bilateral parietal, and occipital lobes. Administration of bromocriptine (0.313 mg/kg, 0.625 mg/kg, and 1.25 mg/kg), haloperidol (0.001 mg/kg, 0.01 mg/kg, and 0.05 mg/kg), and the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor antagonist PCP (0.3 mg/kg) influenced sensory gating. RESULTS We demonstrated the following: (1) Administration of mid-dose bromocriptine disrupted sensory gating (N100) in the right temporal lobe, while neither low-dose nor high-dose bromocriptine impaired gating. (2) Low-dose haloperidol impaired gating in the right prefrontal cortex. Mid-dose haloperidol disrupted sensory gating in left occipital lobe. High-dose haloperidol had no obvious effect on sensory gating. (3) Gating was impaired by PCP in the left parietal lobe. CONCLUSIONS Our studies showed that information processing was regulated by the dopaminergic system, which might play an important role in the PFC. The dopaminergic system influenced sensory gating in a dose- and region-dependent pattern, which might modulate the different stages that receive further processing due to novel information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Huang
- Second Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliation Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Jinrong Ya
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Zhe Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Chunmei Wen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Suyue Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliation Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Chaoyang Tian
- , Hainan Jingang Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Haikou, Hainan, China (mainland)
| | - Hui Ren
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliation Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Synnöve Carlson
- Neuroscience Unit, Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hualin Yu
- Second Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliation Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Radiology, People's Hospital of Hainan, Haikou, Hainan, China (mainland)
| | - Wang Jianhong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
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Nakatomi H, Miyazaki H, Tanaka M, Kin T, Yoshino M, Oyama H, Usui M, Moriyama H, Kojima H, Kaga K, Saito N. Improved preservation of function during acoustic neuroma surgery. J Neurosurg 2015; 122:24-33. [PMID: 25343177 DOI: 10.3171/2014.8.jns132525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Restoration of cranial nerve functions during acoustic neuroma (AN) surgery is crucial for good outcome. The effects of minimizing the injury period and maximizing the recuperation period were investigated in 89 patients who consecutively underwent retrosigmoid unilateral AN surgery. METHODS Cochlear nerve and facial nerve functions were evaluated during AN surgery by use of continuous auditory evoked dorsal cochlear nucleus action potential monitoring and facial nerve root exit zone-elicited compound muscle action potential monitoring, respectively. Factors affecting preservation of function at the same (preoperative) grade were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 23 patients underwent standard treatment and investigation of the monitoring threshold for preservation of function; another 66 patients underwent extended recuperation treatment and assessment of its effect on recovery of nerve function. Both types of final action potential monitoring response and extended recuperation treatment were associated with preservation of function at the same grade. CONCLUSIONS Preservation of function was significantly better for patients who received extended recuperation treatment.
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Tschan C, Gaab MR, Krauss JK, Oertel J. Waterjet dissection of the vestibulocochlear nerve: an experimental study. J Neurosurg 2009; 110:656-61. [DOI: 10.3171/2008.5.17561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
ObjectWaterjet dissection has been shown to protect intracerebral vessels, but no experience exists in applying this modality to the cranial nerves. To evaluate its potential, the authors examined waterjet dissection of the vestibulocochlear nerve in rats.MethodsLateral suboccipital craniectomy and microsurgical preparation of the vestibulocochlear nerve were performed in 42 rats. Water pressures of 2–10 bar were applied, and the effect was microscopically evaluated. Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were used to define nerve function compared with preoperative values and the healthy contralateral side. The final anatomical preparation documented the morphological and histological effects of waterjet pressure on the nerve.ResultsIn using up to 6 bar, the cochlear nerve was preserved in all cases. Eight bar moderately damaged the nerve surface. A 10-bar jet markedly damaged or even completely dissected the nerve. Time course analysis of the ABR demonstrated complete functional nerve preservation up to 6 bar after 6 weeks in all rats. Waterjet dissection with 8 bar was associated with a 60% recovery of ABR. In the 10-bar group, no recovery was seen.ConclusionsMicrosurgical dissection of cranial nerves is possible using waterjet dissection while preserving both morphology and function. The aforementioned jet pressures are known to be effective in neurosurgical treatment of tumors. Thus, waterjet dissection may be useful in skull base surgery including dissection of cranial nerves from tumors. Further studies on this subject are encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joachim Oertel
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Nordstadt Hospital, Hannover, Germany
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Sekiya T, Kojima K, Matsumoto M, Holley MC, Ito J. Rebuilding lost hearing using cell transplantation. Neurosurgery 2007; 60:417-33; discussion 433. [PMID: 17327786 DOI: 10.1227/01.neu.0000249189.46033.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The peripheral auditory nervous system (cochlea and auditory nerve) has a complex anatomy, and it has traditionally been thought that once the sensorineural structures are damaged, restoration of hearing is impossible. In the past decade, however, the potential to restore lost hearing has been intensively investigated using molecular and cell biological techniques, and we can now part with such a pessimistic view. In this review, we examine an important field in hearing restoration research: cell transplantation. METHODS Most efforts in this field have been directed to the replacement of hair cells by transplantation to the cochlea. Here, we focus on transplantation to the auditory nerve, from the side of the cerebellopontine angle rather than the cochlea. RESULTS Delivery of cells to the cochlea is potentially damaging, and nerve cells transplanted distally to the Schwann-glial transitional zone (cochlear side) may become inhibited when they reach the transitional zone. The auditory nerve is probably the most suitable route for cell transplantation. CONCLUSION The auditory nerve occupies an important position not only in neurosurgery but also in various diseases in other disciplines, and several lines of recent evidence indicate that it is a key target for hearing restoration. It is familiar to most neurosurgeons, and the recent advances in the molecular and cell biology of inner-ear development are of direct importance to neurorestorative medicine. In this article, we review the anatomy, development, and molecular biology of the auditory nerve and cochlea, with emphasis on the advances in cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuji Sekiya
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
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Vincent C, Verbauwhede P, Vaneecloo FM. Monitoring auditif et chirurgie du neurinome de l’acoustique. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 121:133-9. [PMID: 15223998 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-438x(04)95500-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Intraoperative auditory monitoring in acoustic neuroma surgery is used to improve residual hearing. Three techniques are available: monitoring of brainstem auditory evoked potentials, of electrocochleography or of direct eighth nerve compound action potential. The three techniques with their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. The current trend is to monitor brainstem auditory evoked potentials using digital filtering or to monitor the eighth nerve compound action potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vincent
- Service d'Otologie et d'Otoneurologie, CHU R. Salengro, 59037 Lille Cedex.
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Sekiya T, Yagihashi A, Shimamura N, Asano K, Suzuki S, Matsubara A, Namba A, Shinkawa H. Apoptosis of auditory neurons following central process injury. Exp Neurol 2004; 184:648-58. [PMID: 14769356 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-4886(03)00288-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2003] [Revised: 04/28/2003] [Accepted: 05/23/2003] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although apoptotic changes in auditory neurons induced by injury to peripheral processes (dendrites) have been intensively studied, apoptotic changes in auditory neurons induced by injury to central processes (axons of spiral ganglion cells, SGCs) have not been reported previously, probably due to lack of an experimental model. The present study reports for the first time the appearance, extent, and time course of SGC apoptosis following injury to the central processes. Apoptosis was studied in a rat model that consisted of compression of the auditory nerve in the cerebellopontine (CP) angle cistern with intraoperative recordings of auditory nerve compound action potentials (CAPs) to ensure highly reproducible results. Rats were killed between day 0 and day 14 after compression and apoptosis of SGCs was evaluated quantitatively as well as qualitatively by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining, anti-activated caspase-3 immunostaining, Hoechst 33342 staining, and electron microscopy. The average number of TUNEL-positive apoptotic SGCs in each cochlear turn increased from day 1 to day 5 and then decreased gradually to an undetectable level on day 14 after compression. The average proportion of apoptotic SGCs identified in any cochlear turn on any day was always lower than 10%. The results of our present study should be useful in determining the therapeutic time window for rescuing auditory neurons undergoing apoptosis due to injury during surgery in the CP angle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuji Sekiya
- Neurosurgery Department, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8216, Japan.
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